Basic Principles Of Prevention Research Articles

Secondary Prevention and Quality of Life of Patients with Stable Coronary Heart Disease

Aim. To assess the quality of life of patients with stable coronary heart disease (CHD) initially and 12 months after drug and non-drug secondary prophylaxis according to clinical guidelines.Material and methods. 73 patients (57 men, 16 women) with confirmed stable coronary artery disease were included in the study, of which 44 patients described a clinic for angina pectoris of functional class I-IV. The study included 2 patient visits: an initial treatment visit (V0) and a repeat visit after 12 months (V2). At both visits, blood pressure (BP), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c), quality of life (QL) were assessed using SAQ (Seattle Angina Questionnaire), drug therapy. Compliance with 5 basic principles of prevention was also assessed, which included: (1) healthy lifestyle (healthy lifestyle) (rejection of bad habits (smoking), moderate physical activity, lowcholesterol and low-carb diet); (2) normalization of body weight; (3) optimal drug therapy (the frequency of taking medications was evaluated using the original questionnaire); (4) achievement of target values of LDL-c in the entire group; (5) blood pressure in hypertensive patients. During V0, if necessary, drug therapy was adjusted in accordance with clinical recommendations. During V2, 57 patients (47 men and 10 women) were examined. The response was 80.8%.Results. After 12 months of follow-up, a statistically significant improvement in exercise tolerance (p=0.003), angina stability index (p=0.045) and the frequency of stress angina attacks (p=0.003) was noted when assessing the median of QL indicators. After 12 months of follow-up, 59% of patients used optimal drug therapy, including 4 drugs according to clinical guidelines. A healthy lifestyle (regular physical activity and smoking cessation) was achieved in 20.4% after 12 months of follow-up, the target level of LDL-c ˂ 1.8 mmol/L was achieved in 44.5% of patients, and the target blood pressure was achieved in 74,6%. The achievement of all 5 principles of secondary prevention of coronary heart disease according to the results of the work carried out by the visit after 12 months of follow-up was revealed only in 7% of patients (4 patients), and the implementation of 4 principles of prevention was noted in a quarter of patients from the group (24.5%, n=14).Conclusions. With drug and non-drug secondary prevention of coronary heart disease in patients with stable CHD after a year of follow-up, a statistically significant increase in QL indicators was noted due to increased exercise tolerance and a decrease in the frequency of angina attacks. Nevertheless, the basic principles of prevention were fully implemented only in 7% of patients.

Базовые принципы профилактики когнитивных расстройств и восстановление когнитивных функций при критических состояниях

Цель. На основе анализа современных научных публикаций, посвященных когнитивным расстройствам, обусловленным критическими состояниями, сформулировать базовые принципы профилактики этих нарушений и восстановление когнитивных функций в группе больных. Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено с привлечением электронных библиотек, поисковых систем и репозитариев научных работ: Google Scholar, PabMed, Wiley Online Library, Elsevier, Researchgate.net, Springer, Cochrane Library, Национальная библиотека им. В.И. Вернадского, eLIBRARY.RU, Medi.ru, CYBERLENINKA.ru, mydisser.com и других. Выводы. Современное состояние изучения проблемы дает возможность сформулировать базовые принципы профилактики когнитивных расстройств и восстановления нормальной работы когнитивных функций, применение которых должно улучшить исход больных после критических состояний и качество их жизни в отдаленном периоде.

Cardiooncology. Basic principles of prevention and treatment of cardiotoxicity in cancer patients

Advances in the diagnostics and treatment of cancer have led to improved survival of patients and decreased mortality. Cardiovascular complications (CVC) however, are among the most frequent side effects of anticancer treatment, which can have an adverse effect on the prognosis. This may be the result of cardiotoxicity, which involves direct effects of the radiation therapy and /or chemotherapy on the heart function and structure. Heart failure with cancer therapy was associated with a 3.5-fold increase in the risk of mortality compared with idiopathic cardiomyopathy. The cardiotoxicity risk assessment is often difficult, due to the different susceptibility of patients to drugs and their combinations, and coadministration of radiation therapy. Therefore, the likelihood of development and the time of occurrence of cardiotoxicity may vary and not always depend on the initial risk. Strategies for managing such patients are in most cases based on the expert opinion. This article provides recommendations for the prevention and therapy of cardiotoxicity, set out in the consensus of the European Society of Cardiology 2016.

Prevention of prosthetic joint infection in total hip and knee arthroplasties: Evidence based recommendations

Prosthetic joint infection is a dreaded complication of Total Joint Arthroplasty. Prevention, which is far more cost effective, should be of paramount importance to the arthroplasty surgeon. Proper patient selection and preparation as well as strict asepsis and antisepsis are the basic principles of prevention.

Wiedza studentów Wydziału Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Białymstoku na temat czynników ryzyka i podstawowych zasad profilaktyki chorób układu krążenia

Wprowadzenie. Choroby układu krążenia są główną przyczyną zgonów i najczęstszą z tzw. chorób cywilizacyjnych. Powoduje je wiele czynników, m.in. nadciśnienie tętnicze, cukrzyca, zła dieta itp. Niektóre z nich wynikają ze stylu życia i można je wyeliminować. Odpowiednia wiedza pozwala na zmianę dotychczasowego trybu życia, co minimalizuje ryzyko wystąpienia chorób układu krążenia.Cel pracy. Ocena poziomu wiedzy studentów na temat znajomości czynników ryzyka chorób układu krążenia oraz podstawowych zasad profilaktyki tej grupy chorób, w szczególności prawidłowych wartości wybranych wskaźników kardiologicznych, a także rodzaju aktywności fizycznej, redukujących ryzyko zachorowania.Materiał i metody. Badaniem objęto 150 studentów Wydziału Nauk o Zdrowiu Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Białymstoku. Wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego z użyciem autorskiego kwestionariusza ankiety.Wyniki. Na podstawie uzyskanych danych stwierdzono, że wiedza studentów na temat czynników ryzyka i aktywności fizycznej była na dobrym poziomie (40%), ale wykazali się oni (ok. 39%) gorszą znajomością prawidłowych wartości wskaźników, takich jak stężenie cholesterolu całkowitego czy cholesterolu frakcji HDL.Wnioski. Przeprowadzone badanie pozwoliło stwierdzić, że wiedza większości respondentów na temat czynników ryzyka oraz podstawowych zasad profilaktyki chorób układu sercowo-naczyniowego była na dobrym i zadowalającym poziomie. W związku z istotnymi różnicami w wynikach między poszczególnymi kierunkami i stopniami studiów należy zwiększyć poziom edukacji z zakresu czynników ryzyka oraz podstawowych zasad profilaktyki chorób układu krążenia w ramach programu studiów na wszystkich kierunkach kształcenia. Poziom wiedzy studentów powinien być stale systematyzowany i aktualizowany zgodnie z najnowszymi wytycznymi opracowywanymi przez wyspecjalizowane towarzystwa naukowe.

Practical guidelines on the management and prevention of the diabetic foot 2011

Foot complications are among the most serious and costly complications of diabetes mellitus. Amputation of the lower extremity or part of it is usually preceded by a foot ulcer. A strategy that includes prevention, patient and staff education, multidisciplinary treatment of foot ulcers, and close monitoring can reduce amputation rates by 49–85%. Therefore, several countries and organizations, such as the World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation, have set goals to reduce the rate of amputations by up to 50%. The basic principles of prevention and treatment described in these guidelines are based on the International Consensus on the Diabetic Foot. Depending on local circumstances, these principles have to be translated for local use, taking into account regional differences in socio-economics, accessibility to health care, and cultural factors. These practical guidelines are aimed at healthcare workers involved in the care of people with diabetes. For more details and information on treatment by specialists in foot care, the reader is referred to the International Consensus document.

Primary Prevention in Lithuanian Schools

Primary prevention activities in Lithuanian schools are overviewed in this article, revealing problems and needs in this field. Some investigations dealing with schoolchildren's drug use, their knowledge about drugs, and their opinions about existing and possible prevention activities at school are presented. Basic prevention principles for primary prevention programmes are discussed.

Aspiration of an endodontic instrument

A case of aspiration of an endodontic instrument is presented. Aspiration of a foreign body is a major complication which may arise from dental instrumentation in the oral cavity. Serious complications involving the respiratory system may result. The basic principles of prevention, diagnosis, and early treatment are emphasized in reducing the morbidity resulting from foreign body aspiration.