Stewart Platform Research Articles

Physical Characteristics, Functional Movements and Coaching Style in Basketball

This study aims to develop a basketball player development plan based on assessing the effects of physical characteristics and functional movements on male and female students' performance in basketball. It incorporates Long Term Athletic Development (LTAD) frameworks to guide the training, competition, and recovery of student-athletes. The LTAD stages range from the active start, focusing on basic movements, to training to win, concentrating on high-level competition preparation. The research is significant for students, parents, teachers, and department heads, providing a structured approach to enhancing players' skills and ensuring safety during play. The methodology involves a quantitative approach, utilizing descriptive comparative-correlational research design to explore the relationship between functional movement, coaching style, and physical characteristics in basketball. The study encompasses students from multiple institutions, employing total enumeration sampling for comprehensive data collection. Ethical considerations emphasize informed consent, the right to withdrawal, and confidentiality. The findings aim to inform an enhanced player development plan, contributing to the academic and athletic success of college students.

Research on Human-Robot Collaboration Method for Parallel Robots Oriented to Segment Docking.

In the field of aerospace, large and heavy cabin segments present a significant challenge in assembling space engines. The substantial inertial force of cabin segments' mass often leads to unexpected motion during docking, resulting in segment collisions, making it challenging to ensure the accuracy and quality of engine segment docking. While traditional manual docking leverages workers' expertise, the intensity of the labor and low productivity are impractical for real-world applications. Human-robot collaboration can effectively integrate the advantages of humans and robots. Parallel robots, known for their high precision and load-bearing capacity, are extensively used in precision assembly under heavy load conditions. Therefore, human-parallel-robot collaboration is an excellent solution for such problems. In this paper, a framework is proposed that is easy to realize in production, using human-parallel-robot collaboration technology for cabin segment docking. A fractional-order variable damping admittance control and an inverse dynamics robust controller are proposed to enhance the robot's compliance, responsiveness, and trajectory tracking accuracy during collaborative assembly. This allows operators to dynamically adjust the robot's motion in real-time, counterbalancing inertial forces and preventing collisions between segments. Segment docking assembly experiments are performed using the Stewart platform in this study. The results show that the proposed method allows the robot to swiftly respond to interaction forces, maintaining compliance and stable motion accuracy even under unknown interaction forces.

Batting for Primary-Age Children: A Movement Concepts Medley

Batting or striking with a long-handled implement is an important fundamental motor skill used in several lifetime activities. This article outlines basic movement concepts that are developed through batting and provides recommendations that can serve as both curricular options for physical education and a potential homework idea for kids to explore at home.

Development Program of Basic Physical Movement Skills for Early Childhood in Guangzhou City, China

Background and Aim: The data highlights the persistent issue of high obesity rates among young children, aged 3-6, despite economic development and improved living standards. The overall physical fitness of children in this age group is deemed suboptimal, impacting their health, learning efficiency, and social adaptability. Recognizing early childhood as a critical phase for physical and mental development, the General Office of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the General Office of the State Council emphasize the importance of physical education in the compulsory education stage. The recommended teaching model involves imparting health knowledge and basic motor skills, with an evolving focus on specialized motor skills. The study aims to investigate means and curriculum arrangements for physical fitness and skill exercises, intervening in basic motor skills to promote a holistic approach to physical and mental development in young children, ultimately contributing to the sustainable advancement of physical education. Materials and Methods: In this paper, using the methods of literature review, experimental method, expert interview method, observation method, and questionnaire survey method, an eight-week intervention experiment was carried out on 30, 5-6-year-old children, and the classroom teaching content was arranged in the way of physical fitness and basic motor skills integration. Results: The results of the two-month intervention experiment were as follows: the development of physical fitness and basic motor skills was better than that of the pre-intervention experiment; in terms of physical fitness: boys improved better than girls in standing long jump, 10-metre run, and throwing a tennis ball; girls improved better than boys in flexibility; and the development of coordination and balance was comparable between boys and girls. Regarding basic motor skills: boys outperformed girls in mobility skills; girls outperformed boys in biomechanical skills. Conclusion: In conclusion, the two-month intervention experiment exhibited positive overall outcomes in physical fitness and basic motor skills development, with distinct gender-specific variations. Boys showed superior progress in activities emphasizing strength and speed, while girls excelled in flexibility. Coordination and balance improvements were comparable between genders. The findings emphasize the importance of tailored approaches in physical education interventions to address diverse aspects of children's development.

Human-like acceleration and deceleration control of a robot astronaut floating in a space station

The acceleration and deceleration (AD) motions are the basic motion modes of robot astronauts moving in a space station. Controlling the locomotion of the robot astronaut is very challenging due to the strong nonlinearity of its complex multi-body dynamics in a gravity-free environment. However, after training, humans can move well in space stations by pushing the bulkhead, and the motion mechanism of humans is a good reference for robot astronauts. The contribution of this study is modeling the human AD motion in a microgravity environment and proposing a human-like control method for robot astronauts moving in space stations. Specifically, the movement and contact force data of the human body during AD motion were collected on an air-floating platform. Through human AD modeling analysis, the mechanism of human motion is discovered, and semi-sinusoidal primitives of contact forces are proposed for AD motion. Then, a dynamic guidance model of human AD motion is built to complete motion planning under contact constraints, which is used as the expected model for the AD control of robot astronauts. Benefiting from the force primitives, accurate and safe planning of human-like AD motion can be completed. The characteristics and mechanism of human AD motion have been analyzed from the perspective of optimization. Lastly, based on the proposed dynamic guidance model, the AD motion policy is mapped to the robot astronaut system via a system control method based on the equivalent mapping of dynamic responses (force, velocity and pose). Through comparative analysis with real human motion data and simulation results under different conditions, the proposed AD control method can achieve human-like motion efficiently and stably. Even when confronted with errors in the robot’s contact velocities and inertia parameters, the method can significantly reduce the motion errors while ensuring stability.

Improvement of Motor Skills and Motivation to Learn Physical Education Through the Use of Traditional Games

Study purpose. This study aims to investigate motor skills and motivation to learn physical education through traditional games. Materials and methods. The study was conducted using an experimental method and involved 60 students from primary schools in Purwodadi District, Grobogan Regency, Indonesia. Data were collected by measuring motor skills and learning motivation through affective, cognitive and psychomotor tests that were examined for validity and reliability. In addition, students' character was also measured through observational tests of students' basic movement skills. The measurement of basic movement skills was carried out before and after the intervention, which lasted for 8 sessions over one month. Data analysis was carried out using the ANOVA technique, reinforced by regression of research results using SPSS 22 software. Results. The results showed that the traditional game approach had a significant effect on increasing students' motivation to learn physical education. The traditional games approach also contributed positively to students' learning outcomes. Through hands-on experience in these traditional games, students can develop motor skills, coordination, speed, strength, as well as cognitive aspects such as strategy, spatial intelligence and situation analysis. Conclusions. By participating in traditional games, students can understand and respect cultural heritage and broaden their horizons about cultural diversity. Suggestions for future investigations include extending the research and development activities by including a larger sample, which may provide greater statistical power to support research findings in the area of traditional games.

The Effect of Basic Passing Movements In Volleyball Through Playing Bouncing Ball With A Pair Pattern

This research aims to determine the effect of applying the method quantitatively experimentally with One Group Pretest and Post Test Design. in improving basic volleyball passing techniques at SDN 8 Cicalengka, Cicalengka District, Bandung Regency. Data collection techniques from the pre-test sig normality test = 0.2 Sig value (0.2) > 0.05, the conclusion is that the pretest data is normally distributed. Post-test sig data = 0.11 Sig value (0.11) > 0.05, in conclusion the posttest data is normally distributed, homogeneity test Sig = 0.32 After carrying out a homogeneity test using SPSS, a sig value of (0.32) is obtained, meaning that the sig value (0.6) > 0.05 then the data The test is homogeneous, and the following is the T test H0: There is no result/influence. HI: There is a result/influence. If the sig value is > 0.05 then the HI is rejected. If the sig value is < 0.05 then the HI is accepted. Sig value: 0.001. As for the results of the paired pattern data from the pre-test and post-test normality tests, the results of the homogeneity test using SPSS obtained a sig value of (0.23), meaning that the sig value is (0.6) > 0.05, so the data is homogeneous, and as for the T test, there is H0: None HI results/influence: There are results/influence If the sig value is > 0.05 then the HI is Rejected If the sig value is < 0.05 then the HI is Accepted.

Are boys and girls in rural areas equal in terms of gross motor skills?

Proficiency in gross motor skills serves as the foundational groundwork for children as they navigate through life. Fundamental competence in gross motor skills is particularly essential for elementary school students, enabling them to engage in play, sports, and societal activities, while also reaping health benefits through a consistently active lifestyle. Inadequate competency in gross motor skills may potentially limit the prospects of leading an active life. This research seeks to explore potential disparities in gross motor skills between male and female students in rural areas. The study sample encompasses 96 elementary school students spanning grades 4 to 6, with an even distribution of 48 boys and 48 girls. The measurement of gross motor skills is conducted using Ulrich's TGMD-2, and the data is subjected to descriptive statistical analysis. The results of the gender difference test reveal a significance level of 0.259 (p > 0.05), indicating similar basic movement skills. Both boys and girls fall within the average ability category on a scale of 91-110, with mean scores of 98.43 for boys and 94.87 for girls. In grade 4, both genders start at the same level, experience an increase in grade 5, and a decrease in grade 6. However, these fluctuations are statistically insignificant, as affirmed by the t-test results, indicating comparable motor skills in both groups. The outcomes of this study aim to provide valuable insights into the nuances of motor skill development in rural settings, offering input for strategies to foster equitable physical development among boys and girls in such environments. Keywords: Gross motor, boys and girls, rural students, primary school

Literasi Dasar Bagi Para Siswa Sekolah Dasar

Basic literacy is a basic priority or priority scale that needs to be strengthened and stabilized. The cultivation and formation of basic literacy skills is a real manifestation of the mental revolution program, even mental evolution. Therefore, basic literacy needs to be strengthened because it is the foundation for the lives of future generations. Apart from that, the basic literacy movement that is being intensified aims to support the realization of free humans. What is meant by free humans are free humans who can read and write to gain knowledge and use this knowledge for the good and sustainability of their lives. This article discusses the implementation of Community Service in Rangalaka Village, Kotabaru District, Ende Regency, which will take place from 1 to 30 August 2022. The focus of service activities is the implementation of basic literacy activities in the form of tutoring for students in Rangalaka Village, namely Lewoketo Inpres Elementary School and Satap Ligalejo Middle School. Tutoring is focused on elementary and junior high school students to provide knowledge strengthening, instilling a virtuous attitude in students so that they have good knowledge and attitudes in facing their future.

Development of a Simple Game-Based PJOK Learning Model to Improve Locomotor Basic Movements and Cooperation of Lower Grade Elementary School Students

This study aims to determine the correlation between the Problem-Based Learning learning model and the Discovery Learning model with students' creativity and learning motivation. This research uses a quantitative approach of correlation type. The sample in this study used purposive sampling, namely grade 6 with a total of 40 students, consisting of 19 students at SD Negeri Awu Awu and 21 students at SD Negeri Wingkoharjo. Data collection using observation sheets and questionnaire statements. Data analysis in this study used Product moment Correlation Test and t-Independent Test. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant correlation between the application of the Problem-Based Learning learning model and the learning creativity of students at SD Negeri Awu Awu with a pearson correlation value = 0.660 and a p-value (sig-2tailed) of 0.002. There is a significant correlation between the application of the Problem-Based Learning learning model and student learning motivation at SD Negeri Awu Awu with a pearson correlation value = 0.834 and a p-value (sig-2tailed) of 0.000. There is a significant correlation between the application of the Discovery Learning learning model and students' learning creativity at SD Negeri Wingkoharjo with a pearson correlation value = 0.660 and a p-value (sig-2tailed) of 0.001. There is a significant correlation between the application of the Discovery Learning learning model and student learning motivation at SD Negeri Wingkoharjo with a pearson correlation value = 0.501 and a p-value (sig-2tailed) of 0.021. There is no significant difference between creativity and motivation of students in the application of both learning models with a significance value of 0.064 for learning creativity and with a significance value of 0.477 for learning motivation.

Perspektif Belajar dengan Seni Tari Tradisional di Sekolah Menengah Pertama

This research aims to determine the perspective of learning with South Sulawesi Traditional Dance in Junior High Schools. This type of research uses qualitative research with an ethnographic approach. The subjects in this research were teachers and students at SMP Negeri 22 Bantimurung. The results of this research show that students who are already at the junior high school level have been equipped with sufficient knowledge to develop so that the learning process will be more challenging for teachers in order to increase students' interest and motivation to learn art in the classroom, one of which is by highlighting traditions and culture. Locally in the South Sulawesi area, namely the basic movements of South Sulawesi traditional dance. So, the role of arts education in junior high schools is an effort to improve students' abilities, especially in developing interests, increasing creative work, as well as knowing regional arts and the values ??contained therein. Through arts education, students are facilitated in the process of growth and development in three domains as learning outcomes, namely, cognitive, affective and psychomotor.

A Literature Review on Stewart–Gough Platform Calibrations

Abstract Researchers have studied Stewart–Gough platforms, also known as Gough–Stewart platforms or hexapod platforms extensively for their inherent fine control characteristics. Their studies led to the potential deployment opportunities of Stewart–Gough platforms in many critical applications such as medical field, engineering machines, space research, electronic chip manufacturing, automobile manufacturing, etc. Some of these applications need micro- and nano-level movement control in 3D space for the motions to be precise, complicated, and repeatable; a Stewart–Gough platform fulfills these challenges smartly. For this, the platform must be more accurate than the specified application accuracy level and thus proper calibration for a parallel robot is crucial. Forward kinematics-based calibration for these hexapod machines becomes unnecessarily complex and inverse kinematics complete this task with much ease. To experiment with different calibration techniques, various calibration approaches were implemented by using external instruments, constraining one or more motions of the system, and using extra sensors for auto or self-calibration. This survey paid attention to those key methodologies, their outcome, and important details related to inverse kinematic-based parallel robot calibrations. It was observed during this study that the researchers focused on improving the accuracy of the platform position and orientation considering the errors contributed by one source or multiple sources. The error sources considered are mainly kinematic and structural, in some cases, environmental factors also are reviewed; however, those calibrations are done under no-load conditions. This study aims to review the present state of the art in this field and highlight the processes and errors considered for the calibration of Stewart–Gough platforms.

Effects of motion type on motion-onset and steady-state visual evoked potentials: rotation vs. flicker.

The underlying mechanisms of information processing for two basic motion types, rotation and flicker, are not fully understood. Rotational and flickering animations at four speeds - 7 frames per second (fps), 8 fps, 11 fps, and 12 fps, respectively - are presented as visual stimuli. The motion-onset visual evoked potentials (VEPs) and steady-state VEPs (SSVEP) elicited by these motion stimuli were compared between the rotation and flicker motion types at time windows of 0-500 ms and 1000-5000 ms post-stimulus, respectively. The standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) source localization was investigated as well. Four motion speeds had no effect on the whole VEP waveform in either the rotation or the flicker groups. Significant differences in motion-onset VEPs and sLORETA source localization were found between the rotation and the flicker motion types at time windows of 200-500 ms post-stimulus. For the time windows of 1000-5000 ms post-stimulus, both the rotation and flicker groups all demonstrated the characteristics of SSVEP, with the peak spectral topographies showing at the four different frequencies, which correspond to the four motion speeds. Additionally, a higher power of spectral topography at each of the four motion speeds was found in the rotation relative to the flicker stimulation. The perceptual and cognitive processes are distinct for two types of motion: rotation and flicker. In terms of motion-onset VEPs and the characteristics of SSVEP, rotating visual stimulation is superior to flicker stimulation and may be more appropriate for clinical and engineering applications.

Gymnastic Sports Management Training for Physical Education Teachers in East Jakarta City

In the gymnastics sports event (O2SN), students will have greater opportunities to take part in the event. For this reason, the competence of physical education teachers must be improved through training and knowledge about teaching basic gymnastic movements. However, physical education teachers in East Jakarta lack gymnastics management training, but do not understand sports coaching techniques and management. The service methods used in this activity are training, seminars and workshops. This service was carried out for approximately 2 months with the following stages: 1) conducting training, 2) monitoring, 3) evaluating and achieving. Participants involved in the service program are 35 physical education teachers in the East Jakarta region. Program implementation involves the implementation of a previously designed sports curriculum. This includes organizing the lesson schedule, selecting teaching methods appropriate to the type of sport, as well as managing groups of participants. Factors such as safety, health, and ethics must also be considered in implementing physical education programs. Supervision and monitoring are carried out to ensure that the sports program runs according to plan. Community service with the topic "Gymnastics Development Management" is an important initiative to increase the knowledge and skills of physical education teachers in the field of gymnastics. However, the implementation of this program can be faced with several inhibiting factors which include limited resources, lack of knowledge and skills, low motivation, safety, and differences in ability levels.

Introduction of Fundamental Movement Skill (FMS) in Elemnetary School

Students' basic movements begins to develop in the elementary school phase, which must be developed to support the learning of physical education. This dedication discusses several approaches that teachers can use to teach basic movement skills to their students, as well as long-term benefits. Action research methods can be done in a community of sports teachers who will form collaboration with other teachers to find problems and find solutions. Thus, through such methods, participants can receive and implement learning management in support of the identification of sustainable student talents. The results of dedication are: 1) The range of activities carried out, 2) Continuous support, 3) Evaluation and Feedback, 4) Use of Help Tools, 5) Programme Action to Solve Problems. Identifying challenges in the accompaniment process, the leader and the dedication team will identify problems or obstacles encountered by participants in learning basic movement skills. Once the identification is obtained the problem will be formulated in the form of learning reflection for the next meeting. The community service activities, in the implementation of the activities, use playing learning methods and use the learning media that have been modified to have a positive effect on physical, cognitive, and social development. Games and media modified can motivate and attract the interest of children to be willing to train their activity and muscle development, reduce saturation, and improve the child's skills in a fun way.

APPLIKASI KATA HEAN SANDAN DI DOJO RAUDHATUL JANNAH BATAM

Kata is a significant thing in karate, the aim of this service is to form the young generation of karate and become athletes who excel, especially KATA or karate moves and to form kohai-kohai performances in playing kata, especially kata hean sandan. Kata hean sandan is the third basic kata in karate and is usually played by karateka who hold a yellow to green belt. This kata is also competed in festival and open classes. Apart from that, practicing kata to form the kihon or basic movements of an athlete, when playing this kata you will see the perfect kihon form. Besides that, kata can train and improve a karateka's concentration. The theory used in this analysis is Nakayama's theory, (1979). The method used in this analysis is the direct field survey method. This method will observe the forms of movement carried out by kohai-kohai karate. This method will also act directly and revise movements that are deemed inappropriate. The result of this method is that the kohai's movements immediately change to a better shape.

Pengembangan Media Penilaian Gerak Dasar Lokomotor Berbasis Aplikasi dan Permainan Balok Susun Untuk Anak Usia 7-9 Tahun

The purpose of this research and development is to modify the basic locomotor movement assessment device with blocks as media for children aged 7-9 years. This research and development uses a quantitative approach and uses the Research and Development method with the ADDIE model. The subjects in this research and development are children aged 7-9 years. The instruments used in this study were interviews and basic locomotor movement instruments and media used at the following stages: (1) needs analysis (2) media design (3) media development (4) field implementation (5) product evaluation. The results of the validation test were carried out with three experts. The results of validation with learning media experts had very good interpretations with an average score of 95.5%, while the results of validation with basic motion experts had very good interpretations with an average score of 93.3%, and the results of validation with learning media experts had very good interpretations with an average score of 95.5%. This explains that the development of basic locomotor motion instruments based on stacking blocks for children aged 7-9 years is feasible to try out and to form basic locomotor movements and assist assessment. Based on the results development it can be concluded that: (1) by developing locomotor basic movement assessment instruments based on stacking blocks for children aged 7-9 years can train basic locomotor movement abilities for children aged 7-9 years (2) generate enthusiasm and (3) make it easier for teachers to carry out locomotor basic movement assessments for children aged 7-9 years.

Path planning of substation inspection robot based on high-precision positioning and navigation technology

Abstract Outdoor substation is an important part of power system. Substation inspection robot based on intelligent autonomous inspection system has become the research focus of substation unmanned inspection. In order to improve the positioning accuracy and speed of the system, a high-precision positioning algorithm of transformer detection robot is proposed in this paper. Tikhonov regularization is used to correct the pathological problem of the localization algorithm model. The observation amount of the receiver is increased by using four signals of a single base station with double frequency and double antenna, and the position is solved by using single difference carrier phase observation and the integer ambiguity is fixed. The input–output mapping of the neural network is designed according to the information acquisition and two-wheel angular velocity control of the detection robot. Using the hyperbolic tangent function as the activation function of MLP neural network, the MLP neural network with 32 neurons in each of the three hidden layers is determined. By optimizing reinforcement learning reward function, adding scoring rules, and reward parameters, this paper carries out the following simulation exploration work. The high-precision positioning algorithm of transformer inspection robot is compared with the existing algorithm, and the superiority of the algorithm is verified. The basic motion ability of the robot installed with the system was tested.

Recognizing Complex Activities by Combining Sequences of Basic Motions

For daily motion recognition, each researcher builds their own method to recognize their own specific target actions. However, for other types of target motions, they cannot use their method to recognize other kinds of motions because the features of their target motions that they extracted cannot be extracted from other kinds of motions. Therefore, we wanted to develop a general method that can be used in most kinds of motions. From our observations, we found that a meaningful motion is combined with some basic motions. Therefore, we could recognize basic motions and then combine them to recognize a target motion. First, we simply defined the basic motions according to the sensor’s basic sensing directions. Second, we used k-nearest neighbors (KNN) and dynamic time warping (DTW) to recognize different categories of basic motions. Then, we gave each basic motion a specific number to represent it, and finally, used continuous dynamic programming (CDP) to recognize a target motion by the sequence of basic motions we collected. In our experiment on our basic motions, the accuracy of all of the basic motions is higher than 80%, so the recognition of basic motions is reliable. Then, we performed an experiment for recognizing the target motions. The results of recognizing the target motions were not good, the average accuracy being only 65.9%, and we still have to improve our system. However, we also compared our system with recognizing motions by using another general recognition method, KNN. And the average accuracy of using KNN to recognize motions was 53.4%. As this result shows, our method still obtains better results in recognizing different kinds of motions than using KNN.

Developing a Mechatronics-Twin Framework for Effective Exploration of Operational Behaviors of Prosthetic Sockets

A Stewart platform is a six-degree-of-freedom parallel manipulator widely used as the motion base for flight simulators and antenna positioning systems, among others. This work presents a novel mechatronics-twin framework that integrates such a manipulator with advanced biomechanical models and simulations for effective exploration of operational behaviors of prosthetic sockets with amputees. By means of the biomechanical models and simulations, the framework allows the users to first analyze the fundamental operational characteristics of individual amputees according to their specific body geometries, pelvis-femur structures, and sizes of transfemoral sockets. Such operational characteristics are then fed to one Stewart platform as the reference control signals for the generation of dynamic loads and behaviors of prosthetic sockets that are otherwise difficult to observe or realize with the real amputees. Experiments in form of integration testing show that the proposed control strategy is capable of generating expected dynamic operational conditions. Currently, the mechatronics-twin framework supports a wide range of biomechanical configurations and the quantification of the respective intra-socket load conditions for socket design optimization and anomaly detection.