Basic Maintenance Research Articles

The Analysis of Basic Establishment Concept, Maintenance and Operation Contents about Haneda Athletic Ground Established by Keihin Electric Railway After the Late Meiji Period

The Analysis of Basic Establishment Concept, Maintenance and Operation Contents about Haneda Athletic Ground Established by Keihin Electric Railway After the Late Meiji Period

Sentiment analysis as tool for gender mainstreaming in slum rehabilitation housing management in Mumbai, India

Gender mainstreaming in slum rehabilitation is a critical determinant for the success or failure of it. Slum rehabilitation in Mumbai is a hallmark example of a participatory process which is supposed to improve the quality of life and well-being among the rehabilitated occupants, on paper. Yet our findings show that the key stakeholders’ (i.e. policymaker, architect, management co-operatives and female occupants) sentiments are worlds apart. This gap evokes a need for a more systematic framework for a participatory approach. Verbal communication has the power to implicitly decipher the common emotion or sentiment regarding infrastructure or its related policy. This study uses a quasi-qualitative approach to understand the underlying concerns of gender mainstreaming in slum rehabilitation housing (SRH) management in Mumbai, India. Verbal narratives from semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions are used to explore the concerns of the stakeholders. Sentiment analysis using the machine learning technique of Natural Language Processing (NLP) is used to decode the emotions across the stakeholders. The results indicate that gender inequality in SRH is propagated through lack of communication and the different vocabulary used by the female occupants and the apex policymakers. There are also remarkable differences between male- and female-led co-operatives who are in charge of SRH management. Female-led co-operatives were observed to go beyond basic maintenance duties, to reduce debt and monthly fees and to take up incremental improvements such as decorative elements or installation of solar panels. This participation required a full female body co-operative rather than partial female representation in order to be effective. This study suggests that gender mainstreaming is important not only in SRH design but also in maintenance and that exploring the sentiments of the key stakeholders, as proposed in our analysis, could mitigate undesirable effects of SRH and enable the participatory process.

Rethinking articular cartilage regeneration based on a 250-year-old statement.

Cartilage has a limited healing capacity; however, studies into the basic biological characteristics, formation and structural maintenance of the cartilage collagen network are providing explanations for the failure of current therapeutic approaches, urging us to rethink our approach to the regeneration of articular cartilage.

Approximate Dynamic Programming for Selective Maintenance in Series–Parallel Systems

The problem of allocating limited resources to maintain components of a multicomponent system, known as selective maintenance, is naturally formulated as a high-dimensional Markov decision process (MDP). Unfortunately, these problems are difficult to solve exactly for realistically sized systems. With this motivation, we contribute an approximate dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm for solving the selective maintenance problem for a series-parallel system with binary-state components. To the best of our knowledge, this paper describes the first application of ADP to maintain multicomponent systems. Our ADP is compared, using a numerical example from the literature, against exact solutions to the corresponding MDP. We then summarize the results of a more comprehensive set of experiments that demonstrate the ADP's favorable performance on larger instances in comparison to both the exact (but computationally intensive) MDP approach and the heuristic (but computationally faster) one-step-lookahead approach. Finally, we demonstrate that the ADP is capable of solving an extension of the basic selective maintenance problem in which maintenance resources are permitted to be shared across stages.

PayPOS user experience improved small and medium sized micro business existence in the disruptive era

Small and Medium Sized Micro Business (UMKM) owners often experience difficulties in running their business. UMKM needs real-time access on its transactions in order to properly oversee its business endeavors. This study was aimed to overcome UMKM restriction by taking advantage of disruptive era advancement through the development of a web-based UMKM point of sale software application named PayPOS. To do this, we carried out two iterations of user experience (UX) study parallel with the development of transaction and inventory modules. The UX study utilized the Lean UX method and applied mid-fidelity prototype interfaces and cognitive walkthrough to measure its usability metric efficiency and effectiveness. In the meantime, the transaction and inventory modules applied to the incremental method. Here, the development of the transaction module was divided into four increments: basic transactions, sales transactions, repair and maintenance orders, and transaction reports. Whereas the development of the inventory module was divided into two increments: inventory management and purchase order. On the first UX iteration, the success rate was 72%, whereas, on the second iteration, the success rate was 78%. The overall success rate on tasks tested was 92% which indicated that UX outcomes were easy to use. Further, upon modules integration completion, the PayPOS developed was successfully tested using the Black box method. The user acceptance test carried out also indicated that PayPOS exhibited an attractive interface, easy to understand, and suitable menus and submenus. Hence, the employment of UX study results in the development of PayPOS has helped facilitate business owners in managing their business processes.

Results from a water-saving maintenance campaign at Cape Town schools in the run-up to Day Zero

Many South African schools struggle to maintain their water systems, particularly in the water-constrained Western Cape province, where the so-called “Day Zero” drought had intensified the urgency of saving water and increased the cost of supply. The problem is compounded by insufficient governmental funding, the lack of well-structured government policies, and a shortage of skilled maintenance staff at the schools. We evaluate the impact of a plumbing maintenance drive at 196 schools at the apex of the drought. Hypothesising that even the most basic maintenance could be a huge financial help to these schools, we gave plumbers a list of typical easy-gain repairs and restricted the budget to R5000 per school, with some ad hoc exceptions. We then analysed the cost and benefit of these repairs, using data on the minimum night flow as recorded by smart water meters. We found an average of 28% reduction in MNF within five days of the reported maintenance date. The once-off R1.22 million spent on the 196 schools resulted in a monthly saving of R1.90 million – a saving that the schools could put to academic purposes.

A study on product assembly and disassembly time prediction methodology based on virtual maintenance

PurposeBased on virtual maintenance, this paper aims to propose a time prediction method of assembly and disassembly (A&D) actions of product maintenance process to enhance existing methods’ prediction accuracy, applicability and efficiency.Design/methodology/approachFirst, a framework of A&D time prediction model is constructed, which describes the time prediction process in detail. Then, basic maintenance motions which can comprise a whole A&D process are classified into five categories: body movement, working posture change, upper limb movement, operation and grasp/placement. A standard posture library is developed based on the classification. Next, according to motion characteristics, different time prediction methods for each motion category are proposed based on virtual maintenance simulation, modular arrangement of predetermined time standard theory and the statistics acquired from motion experiment. Finally, time correction based on the quantitative evaluation method of motion time influence factors is studied so that A&D time could be predicted with more accuracy.FindingsCase study of time prediction of products’ various A&D processes is conducted by implementing the proposed method. The prediction process of diesel cooling fan disassemble time is presented in detail. Through comparison, the advantages and effectiveness of the method are demonstrated.Originality/valueThis paper proposes a more accurate, efficient and applicable product A&D time prediction method. It can help designers predict A&D time of a product maintenance accurately in early design phases without a physical prototype. It can also provide basis for the verification of maintainability, the balance of the design of product structure and system layout.

Implementasi Aplikasi Modul Elektronik Maintenance PC Berbasis Algoritma Kriptografi Rivest Code 6 (Studi Kasus Di SMKN 1 Sidrap)

This study aims to produce a basic electronic application basic tutorial maintenance PC-based android. This research is a type of Research and Development (R & D) research using Prototype model. The application design is implemented in seven stages, namely: gathering needs, building prototype, prototype evaluation, coding, system test, system evaluation, and system implementation. Test method used is software testing ISO 9126 Standard, covering aspects: functionality, maintainability, portability, reliability, effeciency and usability. Field trials were conducted by students of Majoring in Software Engineering at SMKN 1 Sidrap Sul-Sel, as many 30 people. The result of this research is an electronic module application basic tutorial maintenance PC based on android that can be used to facilitate in accessing and learning how to care for PC good and true. Testing using ISO 9126 Standard shows excellent results in every aspect tested. Respondents' response to the application is in the acceptable category.

Limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) genetic map constructed by exome-seq provides insight into the evolution of disease resistance and a genomic resource for genomics-based breeding.

Limber pine (Pinus flexilis) is a keystone species of high-elevation forest ecosystems of western North America, but some parts of the geographic range have high infection and mortality from the non-native white pine blister rust caused byCronartium ribicola. Genetic maps can provide essential knowledge for understanding genetic disease resistance as well as local adaptation to changing climates. Exome-seq was performed to construct high-density genetic maps in two seed families. Composite maps positioned 9612 unigenes across 12 linkage groups (LGs). Syntenic analysis of genome structure revealed that the majority of orthologs were positional orthologous genes (POGs) with localization on homologousLGs among conifer species. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed relatively fewer constraints forPOGs with putative roles in adaptation to environments and relatively more conservation forPOGs with roles in basic cell function and maintenance. The mapped genes included 639 nucleotide-binding site leucine-rich repeat genes (NBS-LRRs), 290 receptor-like protein kinase genes (RLKs), and 1014 genes with potential roles in the defense response and induced systemic resistance to attack by pathogens. Orthologous loci for resistance to rust pathogens were identified and were co-positioned with multiple members of theR gene family, revealing the evolutionary pressure acting upon them. This high-density genetic map provides a genomic resource and practical tool for breeding and genetic conservation programs, with applications in genome-wide association studies (GWASs), the characterization of functional genes underlying complex traits, and the sequencing and assembly of the full-length genomes of limber pine and relatedPinus species.

Urbanisation, climate change and its impact on water quality and economic risks in a water scarce and rapidly urbanising catchment: case study of the Berg River Catchment

Abstract By 2050 it is predicted that 67% of the world population is expected to be living in urban areas, with the most rapid levels of urbanisation taking place in developing countries. Urbanisation is often directly linked to the degradation of environmental quality, including quality of water, air and noise. Concurrently, the climate is changing. Together, the negative impacts of climate change and urbanisation pose significant challenges, especially in developing countries where resources to mitigate these impacts are limited. Focusing on the Berg River Catchment in South Africa, which is experiencing increasing levels of urbanisation, the impacts of climate change, the ‘wicked problem’ of service delivery to the historically disadvantaged within a developing country, persistent infrastructure backlogs, and where high unemployment is prevalent, this paper explores the increasing water quality risks due to climate change and rapid urban development and the likely direct and indirect economic impacts that this will have on the agriculture sector, which is a key contributor to the regional and national economy. The results give support to the need to invest in risk mitigation measures including the provision of basic services, the upgrading and maintenance of wastewater treatment plants and investing in ecological infrastructure.

Care and maintenance of ocular diagnostic drugs in eye care facilities in 'Ghana'

Background: Diagnostic ophthalmic drugs are very essential in every eye care setting. Contamination of these drugs has a deleterious effect on the eye as they can trigger or worsen a pre-existing ocular disease.Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate how ocular diagnostic drugs are cared for and maintained by eye care practitioners.Methods: A total of 140 eye care practitioners across the ten regions of Ghana responded and returned the questionnaires. It contained questions on how frequently they checked date of expiry, first date of opening the diagnostic drug bottle, how long the opened diagnostic drug bottles were kept in use before discarding them, adherence to hand hygiene practices prior to instillation of drops among others.Some 20 of the 60 eye care facilities (from which the participants were drawn) were purposively selected and observed for their adherence to care and maintenance practices with regarding the use of diagnostic agents in a blinded fashion (the practitioners did not know they were they were being observed).Results: It was realised that most of the practitioners did not adhere strictly to basic care and maintenance (as indicated in the drug insert and the British Pharmaceutical Codex) practices necessary to ensure optimal safety of patients.Conclusion: Care and maintenance practices were not always adhered to by most of the eye care practitioners despite its implication for patients' safety.

The influence of material inventory and preventive machine maintenance on the efficiency of production: The case of the emerging economy

Nowadays, development in the industrial sector is increasing and directed to become the driving force of efficient, competitive, and strong economy with advanced production patterns. Production is expected to develop from goods relying on productive labors with abundant natural resources into high-quality products having a competitive price. Further, it applies appropriate techniques in implementing the working plan in order to achieve the goals set by the organization or company. All enterprises, large, medium, or small, have one main goal that is continuity. Therefore, they expect their goods and services to be received by the consumers. One of the activities in production management is the production process. It needs to consider basic materials supplies and preventive maintenance of the machines used in the process. It is expected to result in the efficiency in the production to ensure continuity. The research applies descriptive and verification analysis methods. Descriptive analysis is used to describe and explain the data, while verification to see the correlation among the variables using the census sampling technique.

Evaluasi Kebijakan Standar Pelayanan Minimal Pelayanan Dasar Pemeliharaan Ketertiban Umum, Ketentraman Masyarakat dan Perlindungan Masyarakat di Provinsi DKI Jakarta

This study aims to obtain an explanation of policy implementation and attainment minimum standards service in the field of domestic governance types of basic services maintenance of public order, public tranquility and the protection of society in DKI Jakarta Province by taking the respondents implementing the policy in the civil service police force of Jakarta and society. Problem faced by Jakarta Provincial Government in this case the police force agencies civil service especially on the two indicators that do not reach the target: a). Complaint can be made online via the website or send an email, causing an increasing number of reports on complaints regarding violations of local laws that do not followed, b). Theres no an optimalitation for the offenders of local regulations and a misdemeanor, due to the lack of municipal police investigators in the neighborhood of Jakarta that is not a deterrent effect for offenders, c). The existence of a residential area that use the services of private security, so that when the inventory of community protection officers, Civil Service Police Unit of Jakarta does not include the private security officer to the criteria of public protection officer.

Income from nutrition and oral health management among long-term care insurance facilities in Niigata Prefecture, Japan.

To determine recent insurance claim rates for, facility income from, and the roles of professionals associated with management of nutrition, oral ingestion and oral health maintenance in long-term care insurance facilities (LTCIFs) in Niigata Prefecture. A questionnaire on current staffing, oral health professional (OHP) utilisation, and claims for insured benefits for the investigated services was mailed to all LTCIFs in Niigata Prefecture, Japan (n=304). Claim rates for and average facility income from these benefits were calculated. Facility income was compared between facilities with and without employed OHPs. Statistically significant factors associated with claims for investigated benefits were identified by logistic regression. Responses from 111 facilities indicated that they made insurance claims for nutrition management (95%), transition from tube feeding to oral ingestion (9%), basic maintenance of oral ingestion (39%), additional services for maintenance of oral ingestion (23%), oral health management system (68%), and oral health management (17%). Most facilities established collaborations with private dental clinics, but only 16% of facilities employed OHPs. Facility income was significantly higher (P=0.005) for facilities that employed OHPs. OHP employment by facilities was associated with claims for four of the six benefits (P<0.05). Most facilities consulted with private dental clinics, and 16% of the facilities employed dentists or dental hygienists to help residents manage oral ingestion problems and oral health maintenance. The facility income associated with management of these problems was significantly higher in facilities employing dental professionals.

Spatio-temporal evolution data mining between urban population and urban land in China

The purpose of this study is to data mining for urbanization, evaluate the matching of urban population - land in China from the perspective of temporal sequence and spatial pattern, and put forward some suggestions on optimization of population and land area. By constructing the regional spatial matching evaluation model and regional comprehensive mismatch degree evaluation model, use the 2005-2014 China provincial urban population - land panel data, and evaluate the matching types and grades of urban population - land in China from the provincial scales, then using GIS technology to analysis the provincial urban population - land spatial characteristics. Results show that urban population - land comprehensive in Eastern China shows a fluctuating state, and central and western China are relatively stable since 2005; urban population - land comprehensive spatial matching degree of eastern China is the highest, central China follows, western China is the lowest, according to matching level spatial distribution characteristics, relative matching type of provincial accounted for a relatively small proportion, generally concentrated in eastern and central China, proportion of low mismatch type provincial is the largest, and basic maintenance is around 17 provinces, high mismatch type provincial proportion is the smallest, usually no more than two and located in the western region. Therefore, facing spatial matching problem of urban population - land in China, we should gradually build urban population - land spatial matching evaluation mechanism, reasonably evaluate types and grades of regional urban population - land spatial matching, formulate differentiated policy for population - land management, optimize spatial allocation of urban population - land, and focus on connotation of urban population - land spatial equilibrium, to build a harmonious relationship between people and land.

When individual life history matters: conditions for juvenile-adult stage structure effects on population dynamics

Ecological theory about the dynamics of interacting populations is mainly based on unstructured models that account for species abundances only. In turn, these models constitute the basis for our understanding of the functioning of ecological communities and ecosystems and their responses to environmental change, natural disturbances and human impacts. Structured models that take into account differences between individuals in age, stage or size have been shown to sometimes make predictions that run counter to the predictions of unstructured analogues. It is however unclear which biological mechanisms that are accounted for in the structured models give rise to these contrasting predictions. Focusing on two particular rules-of-thumb that generally hold in unstructured consumer-resource models, one relating to the relationship between mortality and equilibrium density of the consumer and the other relating to the stability of the equilibrium, I investigate the necessary conditions under which accounting for juvenile-adult stage structure can lead to qualitatively different model predictions. In particular, juvenile-adult stage structure is shown to overturn the two rules-of-thumb in case the model also accounts for the energetic requirements for basic metabolic maintenance. Given the fundamental nature of both juvenile-adult stage structure as well as metabolic maintenance requirements, these results call into question the generality of the predictions derived from unstructured models.

Sewage Treatment by Waste Stabilization Pond Systems

Sewage generated in Ghana is commonly discharged into the environment without any form of treatment to reduce the degree ofcontamination and mitigate potential public health and environmental issues. Although some attempts have been made in someparts of Ghana to utilize the waste stabilization pond (WSP) system to treat domestic sewage, the ponds often fail to achievetheir purpose due to lack of basic maintenance and supervision. To assess the utility of the WSP system for treating sewage,wastewater samples were collected from the raw sewage, anaerobic, facultative and maturation ponds of WSPs at Obuasi inGhana, and analyzed for physicochemical and microbiological contaminants. The results show that the final pond effluent meetsrecommended microbiological and chemical quality guidelines. The waste stabilization pond system demonstrates high removalefficiencies of wastewater contaminants. The biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, nitrate and faecal coliformsreduction efficiencies of 97.3%, 97.6%, 83.3% and 99.94% respectively are highly significant, and compare well with reportedremoval efficiencies in the literature. Additionally, the ponds have high reduction efficiencies for heavy metals and pathogenicmicroorganisms. The wastewater treatment system complies with standard wastewater management practices, and provides auseful method for treating and disposing wastewater in Ghana.

Life cycle operating energy saving from windows retrofitting in heritage buildings accounting for technical performance decay

Given the high energy saving potential obtainable from windows retrofitting, such measures are frequently implemented in the case of historic and heritage buildings. However, often, fenestration retrofitting is interpreted as windows replacement. Rarely is the energy saving potential allowed by windows maintenance or non-destructive measures investigated. Even more rarely, the validity of retrofitting measures is assessed in the long term considering their performance obsolescence.In this study, the Life Cycle (LC) operating energy saving potential allowed by different retrofitting options -from windows maintenance to total replacement- is discussed with regard to a heritage building in Antwerp. The study evidences that if taking into account the retrofitting interventions technical obsolescence, instead of assuming constant the technical performance throughout the retrofitting Service Life (SL), the results significantly vary. This adds a methodological concern to be considered during retrofitting design and evaluation.The results pointed out that performing basic fenestration maintenance enables in itself Life Cycle (LC) operating energy savings. Moreover, it was evidenced that, destructive retrofitting techniques, such as windows replacement, not necessarily allow for the largest energy savings. Indeed the installation of single or double glazed internal windows may allow for similar or even more significant savings.

Efficacy of a national hydrological risk communication strategy: Domestic wastewater treatment systems in the Republic of Ireland

A significant body of research has focused on the role of domestic wastewater treatment systems (DWWTSs) as sources of human-specific aquatic contaminants in both developed and developing regions. However, to date few studies have sought to investigate the awareness, attitudes and behaviours of DWWTS owners and the efficacy of associated communication initiatives. The current study provides an examination of a public national engagement campaign undertaken in the Republic of Ireland which seeks to minimise the impact of DWWTSs on human and ecological health via concurrent inspection and information dissemination. Overall, 1634 respondents were surveyed using a “before and after” study design to capture if and how awareness, attitudes and behaviours evolved over time. Findings suggest that whilst the campaign provided a modest baseline to raise general awareness associated with the basic operational and maintenance requirements of DWWTS, there has been little or no behavioural engagement as a result, suggesting a significant awareness-behaviour gap. Accordingly, efforts to minimise potential human and ecological impacts have been unsuccessful. Moreover, results suggest that public attitudes towards water-related regulation and policy became increasingly negative over the study period due to parallel political and economic issues, further complicating future engagement. Future strategies, both in Ireland and further afield, should focus on health-based demographically-focused message framing to achieve significant knowledge and attitudinal shifts amongst specific population cohorts, and thus bring about significant behavioural change. Study findings and recommendations may be used by myriad stakeholders including local, provincial and national authorities to effectively engage with individuals and communities prior to and during implementation of legislative and policy-based instruments within numerous spheres including climate change adaptation, environmental quality, hydrological risk, and hydro-ecology.

Development and Validation of Learning Modules in TLE Dressmaking

Teaching effectiveness is a major concern in the educational system. This study was conducted to develop and validate learning modules in TLE Dressmaking for Grade 7 utilizing the descriptive-evaluative method of research. The construction of the modules involved the planning stage which examined the learning competencies, and the identification and selection of reference materials to be included in the modules; the development stage included the writing of objectives, concepts, skills, learning activities, and pretest and posttest of each of the learning modules. The validation stage involved the evaluation made by eight experts on the content and instructional characteristics of the modules. The use of sewing tools, carry out measurements and calculations, perform basic operations and maintenance, create design for a simple project, and practice occupational safety and health were learning competencies considered in the development of the learning modules. The content or quality of the topics, the kind of learning tasks given to the students, and the quality of strategies and techniques used in the learning modules were all rated excellent by the experts. It is highly recommended that the newly developed instructional materials be used in teaching TLE Dressmaking for Grade 7. School administrators should take steps in the academe for the construction and validation of learning modules in the system of education at all levels particularly in the different areas of TLE. More trainings and seminar-workshops should be given to teachers in the construction and validation of learning materials like modules.