Basic Lead Acetate Research Articles

The complex nature of castor sensitivity

AbstractThe castor seed antigen CB‐1A, prepared by the basic lead acetate method of Spieset al., has been subjected to column chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose. Antigenic differences between fractions were found by the, Schultz‐Dale technique, which indicated the possible existence of six antigenic or allergenic components.Cross‐reactions between castor pollen, castor blossoms, and castor seed meal were indicated by the Schultz‐Dale method.It would appear that allergy to castor pomace may actually be sensitivity to any one or more of the antigenic components of the pomace, including both pollen and female blossoms.

Paper ionophoresis of carbohydrates. I. Procedures and results for four electrolytes

Details are given of procedures for effecting paper ionophoresis of polyhydroxy compounds in the electrolytes borax, sodium arsenite, basic lead acetate, and sodium hydroxide. and for detecting the compounds after ionophoresis. Rates of migration are reported for 96 compounds, including all pentose and hexose sugars, the common disaccharides, all sugar alcohols up to the heptitols, the cyclitols, a number of glycols, and several glycosides and other derivatives of carbohydrates. Some new or improved reagents have been developed for locating carbohydrates on paper strips under various conditions. Sodium arsenite and basic lead acetate are the most effective electrolytes for separating reducing sugars, basic lead acetate is the best for separating sugar alcohols, and borax is the best for simple glycols. Some success has been achieved in correlating the configurations of stereoisomers with their mobilities in paper ionophoresis.

血合筋肉の化学的研究-X

A new method for the determination of fish myoglobin (Mb) was offered, which is based on a difference in heat coagulability between Mb and hemoglobin (Hb)15) (see Table 3). The procedure is as follows: Muscle is ground with dry-ice, extracted with distilled water, and both pigments are converted to cyanmet form with a trace of ferricyanide and KCN. The solution is then mixed with 1/3 volume of 10% basic lead acetate solution and precipitates are centrifuged off. To the supernatant a phosphate buffer (pH 6.7) is added to obtain a final concentration of 0.2M and precipitates are centrifuged off. After an addition of 3mg. KCN per 5ml. of the solution, the solution is heated for 5min. at a given temperature (see Table 3) under the condition described previously15). Coagulated Hb is centrifuged off, and Mb in the supernatant is measured spectrophotometrically (Method 2•2). Met form was found not to be suitable because of a partial denaturation caused by basic lead acetate, especially in the presence of excess ferricyanide (cf. Figs. 2 and 3). Total amount of the two pigments in muscle was estimated as cyanmet derivatives, using small portion of the extract. Results obtained on some kinds of fish are shown in Table 2, together with recovery of pure preparations added. As seen in Tables 1 and 2, most of the water-soluble pigments are Mb both in red muscle and in ordinary muscle, contrary to the previous quantitative results1) on Mb obtained by DRABKIN's method3), which was found to give lower values in the case of fish Mb owing to its characteristic properties such as solubility and behavior to basic lead acetate. In the cases of Mb-rich muscles (e. g., red muscle of tuna), extracts can be diluted to a farther extent and so the deproteinization process can be omitted (Method 2•1). Results obtained by this convenient method are shown in Table 1. A spectrophotometric method for simultaneous determination of Mb and Hb (Methods 1•1 and 1•2, refer to Fig. 1) was found not to be usable in the case of fish extract, because of the too slight spectral differences between these pigments.

和漢薬成分の研究 (第1報)

Methanolic extract of the root of Pueraria Thunbergiana BENTH. (Japanese origin), and of P. pseudo-hirsuta TANG et WANG, and P. Thomsonii BENTH. (Chinese origin) was treated by the lead salt method and the portion precipitating with basic lead acetate afforded daidzein, m. p. 320° (decomp.), daidzin, m. p. 215-217° (decomp.), substance-e as needles, m. p. 187° (decomp.), C21H20O9, and substance-f as hygroscopic prisms. Substances e and f were assumed to be hitherto unknown isoflavone derivatives from their coloration characteristics and ultraviolet spectral examinations.

The fixation of mast cells

After revision of the literature, the authors present a study about mast cell fixation in several times of domestics and laboratories animals. It was experimented several fixatives habitually used and some mixture with lead subacetate in alcoholic solution. The authors obtained good results in freezer sections with the following mixture: Alcohol 50 100,0 ml Lead subacetate 1,0 g Acetic acid 1,0 ml

Mast cells in the epithelium of the oesophagus.

MAST cells in epithelium are considered to be extremely rare, and those who have noted them in this site consider that they have migrated from other tissues1. During a study of the structure of the mucous membrane of the œsophagus in the adult cat, we have been impressed by the constant finding of large numbers of mast cells in the epithelium. Basic lead acetate was used as a tissue fixative and meta-chromasia was demonstrated by staining with azure A or with toluidine blue. The mast cells are situated in the basal layers of the epithelium (Fig. 1), and were never observed in the more superficial regions. Although comparative counts have not yet been carried out, it appeared that the epithelium of the cranial two-thirds of the œsophagus contained fewer mast cells than the caudal third where, in any high-power field, as many as seven cells might be found. From the present work, in which the œsophagi of thirty animals have been examined, no evidence can be put forward to suggest that these mast cells appear in the epithelium as the result of migration from the subepithelial tissues, or that they migrate within the epithelium itself.

Properties of substances in gelatin which stimulate the growth of chicks fed amino acid diets

Fractionations of an acid hydrolyzate of gelatin were carried out and the fractions assayed for growth-stimulating activity with chicks fed amino acid diets. The growth-stimulating activity was not extracted with n-butanol; was partly extracted with phenol; was not precipitated by basic lead acetate or phosphotungstic acid; was not taken up by Amberlite IR4B; but was taken up by Dowex 50 and eluted with acid. The properties of the active materials are discussed.

On histochemical methods of determining acid mucopolysaccharides

For a most complete histochemical detection of acid mucopolysaccharides a following modification of Hell's method is recommended: 1. In order to obtain a colloidal ferric hydroxide, 8–12 mg of 10% solution of ferric chloride should be added in drops to 100 mg of boiling distilled water. 2. Dialyzed colloidal ferric hydroxide is mixed with 2 M acetic acid in proportion 3∶1 or 2∶1. 3. The period of action of ferric acetate and solution of ferricyanide upon the preparation is increased to 20–25 minutes. 4. Material in 1–4% solution of basic lead acetate (or in 0.5% solution of acetic acid) is fixed over 8% formalin.

Two organic fixatives for acid mucopolysaccharides.

Cetyl pyridinium chloride, 0.5% in 4% aqueous formaldehyde and 5-aminoacridine hydrochloride, 0.4% in 50% aqueous ethanol, have been tested as fixatives for acid mucopolysaccharides in a variety of tissues. These solutions are superior to 4% aqueous formaldehyde, Carnoy's fluid and basic lead acetate for this purpose and also give good nuclear fixation. Tissues containing these mucopolysaccharides are particularly well defined with the acridine-ethanol fixative.

桑葉中の微量成分に関する研究

The authors found a new substance, argine-glucoside, in mulberry leaves. It was isolated from the fraction of an alcoholic basic lead acetate precipitation by the following treatment. Dried mulberry leaves (1.45kg)extract with 20l waterResidue Filtrateadd lead acetateFiltrate ppt.pH=8.0, NH4OH1treat with basic lead acetateFiltrate ppt.condense in vaccuo.treat with alcoholic basic lead acetateppt. FiltrateH2SPbs Filtratecondense in vaccuo.add alcoholppt. (1.8g)developed by chromatopilefraction: RF 0.171_??_0.297elute with (water)White-powder (0.3g) This substance is a white, hydroscopic powder giving a spot, its RF value is 0.29 before hydrolysis, in paper-chromatography (developer; butanol: glacial acetic acid: water=4:1:2, the coloring agent is ninhydrin buthanol solution), and it gives spots pf glucose and arginine after hydrolysis. The authors supposed it to be arginine-glucoside, but it was very difficult to obtain a pure substance to analysis, so the authors tried to prove it by synthesis with glucose and arginine. This synthesized substance gives the same RF value in paper-chromato-graphy as a natural substance before and after hydrolysis. And also, the percentage of nitrogen was in accordance with the theoretical percentage.(N%: calcd. 16.7, found 16.85)[α]30.6D=-0.4035°×100/0.5×10.793=-7.48 (water) Then authors believe that the substance extracted from mulberry leaves is arginine-glucoside. The authors tried to obtain a crystalline acetylated substance, but could only get some unknown nitrogen-free substance. Perhaps, it might be decomposed by acetylation. The authors will report on this substance in latter papers.

The Isolation of Three Inositols from Vernonia Altissima

The isolation of levo‐inositol, meso‐inositol, and scyllitol from an aqueous extract of the air‐dried leaves of Vernonia altissima is reported. Meso‐inositol was isolated from a basic lead acetate precipitate, and levo‐inositol and scyllitol from the deionized filtrate by fractional crystallization.

各種糸状菌のアミラーゼに関する研究

1. Partially purified preparation [F] of the saccharogenic amylase of Asp. oryzae, previously report(1, 2), was further purified by means of Na2CO3-Rivanol method. The method resulted the elimination of polysaccharide and some other impurities from the previous prepartion and the enrichment of ca 13-folds in its unit activity. 2. Some properties of the present preparation [G] were compared with those of the previous preparation [F]. The most significant differences between the two were (1) the precipitability by trichloroacetic acid, basic lead acetate and that of ammonium sulphate saturation, (2) the adsorption by active carbon, and (3) the decrease of stabilities against pH, temperature and HgCl2. Perhaps, some structural change in the enzyme molecule or the elimination of some effects of the impurities upon the enzyme molecule might be caused by Na2CO3-rivanol method.

キンモクセイ花の成分研究 (第1報)

The flowers of Osmanthus fragrans Lour. var. aurantiacus Makino were soaked in petroleum ether immediately after collection, digested for one week, and filtered with pressing. The aqueous layer of the filtrate was extracted with ether. The residual flowers were then digested with warm dehydrated ethanol for 16 hours.1) The portion soluble in petroleum ether is composed of concretes amounting to 0.214% of the original flowers and its treatment with cold dehydrated ethanol separates it into 0.163% of absolutes and 0.043% of flower wax, which is chiefly composed of triacontane, C30H62.2) The ether solution was chromatographically purified and p-hydroxyphenethyl alcohol C8H10O2, was isolated.3) The ethanol-soluble portion yielded D-mannitol.4) The water-soluble portion was fractionated with lead acetate and basic lead acetate. D-Mannitol was isolated from the filtrate and the presence of D-glucose and D-fructose was detected by paper chromatography. The precipitate obtained by lead acetate and the portion soluble in ethanol, yielded succinic acid.

On Fixation of Phosphate

Phosphate containing P32 was mixed with albumin and spread on an object glass. Then, before and after the action of histological fixatives the proportion of PO4 in the spread was determined with a GEIGER-MULLER's counter. It was found that alcohol and acetone can prevent P32 from going out, however after washing a large amount of P32 was removed. Lead salts made insoluble precipitation with PO4 and fixed P32 was not dissolved even by washing.Under several fixatives which were made of formalin and metal salts one with lead salts, especially with 1% basic lead acetate had the best fixative effect in fixing PO4.The precipitation made of phosphate and lead acetate in a test tube was found to be very fine. The reason why a very concentrated solution of basic lead acetate had less fixative effect may possibly due to the fact that it made a finer precipitation.

米糠配糖體のペーパークロマトグラフィ

A new glucoside, Nukain, was isolated from the water extract of rice bran as previously reported in this Journal 19, 577 (1943). The properties of Nukain and Nukagenin were investigated by the paper chromatography. The fluorescent spots on paper were observed under ultra-violet ray lamp. Though Nukain showed a tailing figure, Nukagenin gave a single spot. An yellow coloring matter isolated from the fraction precipitated with basic lead acetate showed 3 spots. The paper chromatography of the sugar fraction of Nukain by anilinehydro-genphthalate gave the figure of glucose. The selective adsorption of Nukain by ion exchange resin could not be remarkedly observed. An yellow coloring matter could not be adsorbed by both anion-or cation-exchange resin. Nukain and Nukagenin gave the characteristic spots by paper electrophoresis as snown in Table 5 and 6. When Nukain was treated with Takadiasta. se and emulsin two spots were observed as shown in Table 7 but the spot of Nukagenin could not be found. The zinc dust distillation product of Nukagenin showed a spot on paper chro-matogram by Dragendorf's reagent, which was identical with that of quinolin. Nukagenin may have a quinolin nucleus.

Studies on the Formation and Function of Mucoid Glands in Cercariae: Opisthorchoid Cercariae

In the present study four species of opisthorchoid cercariae are included: the cercariae of Euryhelmis monorchis Ameel, 1938 (Heterophyinae), Caecincola parvulus Marshall and Gilbert, 1905 (Cryptogoniminae), and two as yet undescribed species. Euryhelmis monorchis was obtained from Pomatiopsis lapidaria: Caecincola parvulus from Amnicola (Marstonia) lustrica: and the two undescribed species from Amnicola (Amnicola) limosa and Goniobasis livescens, respectively. All were collected near Ann Arbor, Michigan. Whole mounts of normally emerged and of developing carcariae, fixed in basic lead acetate, and serial sections of infected snails, fixed in Bouin's solution were employed in the studies of Euryhelmis monorchis and of the undetermined species of cercaria from Amnicola limosa. Caecincola parvulus was studied from preparations of normally emerged cercariae and from Bouin's fixed, serially sectioned Amnicola lustrica. The cercariae from Goniobasis livescens were studied from serially sectioned, Bouin's fixed snails. Dilute, aqueous toluidine blue and thionin solutions were used exclusively. Basic lead acetate is a poor fixative and killing agent. However, usable preparations were obtained with hot, saturated solutions of this reagent, followed shortly with 70% alcohol. Metachromatic differentiation following Bouin's solution was excellent. The concurrent decalcification of the shells when snails were fixed in Bouin's made dissection unnecessary.

Studies on an unidentified growth factor for chicks and hyperthyroid rats fed purified rations

Evidence has been presented showing that the chick and the hyperthyroid rat require at least one additional factor for optimum growth when fed a purified ration containing sucrose as the carbohydrate. This growth-promoting substance was found to be soluble in 70% and 95% ethanol, and stable to heat and alkali. It was not absorbed on Norit. It was furthermore found to be nondialyzable and was not precipitated by basic lead acetate. Treatment with phosphotungstic acid resulted in loss of considerable activity. It was found to be present in a wide range of natural products.

Sporulation by Hansenula mrakii on vegetable media.

A determination of the ascospore producing potential forHansenula mrakii of several vegetable media, showed celery and tomato media to be much superior to all others tested, and with celery slightly better than tomato medium. The stimulatory effect on ascospore production, at least in the instance of tomato, appears to be due to a neutral substance which is not extractable with ether, is destroyed by heating under pressure in the presence of acid, and which can be removed by norite adsorption at pH 6.8 and by precipitation with silver nitrate or basic lead acetate.

分配クロマトグラフ法によるタンニン及び色素の研究

The principle of this method is based on the fact that when rutin is developed on the filter paper by n-butanol, its Rf value is smaller than that of other quercetin-3-glycoside pigments. One drop of rutin solution is spotted at the centre of round filter paper and it is developed circularly outwards by n-butanol saturated with water in the desiccator as shown in Fig. 1. After developing, the paper is dried and a yellow-coloured ring is obtained by spraying a basic lead acetate solution. From the width, i.e. the difference r1-r2, of this ring, its area is calculated as shown in Fig. 2. In the concentration range between 5 and 25mg of rutin in 10cc, there is a linear relation between the area of the ring and the logarithm of rutin content as shown in Fig. 3 and Table 2.

燐脂體に關する研究

The existing method for the isolation of cephalin from the animal material is not readily applicable to the isolation of the same substance from the plant material. For the isolation of cephalin from the plant material, we have divised a new method involves the precipitation of cephaline by basic lead acetate. The new method is free from such an undesirable result as we had in the existing method. Experimeut I. Egg-yolk cephalin was isolated from egg-yolk oil by precipitating it with CdCl2. Experiment II. Soybean cephalin was isolated from the “Soybean lecithin” (obtained by extraction with benzine) by precipitating it with CdCl2 with basic lead acetate. Experiment III. Soybean cephaline was isolated from the “Soybean lecithin” (obtained by extraction with the mixture of benzine and alcohol) by precipitating it with CdCl2 and with basic lead acetate. Experiment IV. Soybean lecithin and, cephalin were isolated from the “Soybean lecithin” (obtained by extraction with benzine) by precipitating it with basic lead acetate. From these results we can conclude that the precipitation method by means of basic lead acetate is applicable for the separation of cephalin and lecithin and for the isolation of cephalin from the plant material.