Basic Game Research Articles

Analysis of factors predicting who obtains a ball in basketball rebounding situations

ABSTRACTPrediction of play outcomes is fundamental for sports science, engineering and practice in ballgames. Predicting who obtains a ball after a shot failure called rebound in basketball, is one of the important research subjects. To obtain the rebound, players often compete and move towards the ball drop position. Researchers have analysed important factors of a rebound using basic game statistics and video analysis. However, the most critical factors in the players’ movement to obtain a rebound are unknown. The purpose of this study is to determine the important factors to obtain a rebound and to develop a method to predict who obtains it with player’s positional data. The factors were quantified and divided into three categories; individual position, individual movement and interpersonal relationship, and at least one factor from each category was significantly related with obtaining rebounds by logistic regression. Furthermore, our method predicted who obtained rebounds using logistic regression (70.3%) and support vector machine (71.1%). We also spatially visualised the value of factors related to the shooter’s position through heat maps. Our method has a potential to provide a ground for the evaluation of the effectiveness of practical techniques (e.g. box out) in rebound practice and game execution.

Effects of Pre-school Play on Motor Development in Children

Motor skills are considered important for children's physical, social, and psychological development. Pre-school age seems to be decisive for the development of motor skills. Our study's aim was to investigate the effect of 12 weeks game education on the motor development of pre-school children aged 4 to 6 years. In the research, experimental method pre-test / post-test and control group design was used. In this study, a total of 30 boys and 30 girls were enrolled. The research consisted of a total of 60 children who were studying in pre-school and were selected via random sampling model. In order to collect data, 12 weeks game education was conducted on participants. Motor Performance test protocol, developed by Morris, Atwater Williams and Willmore in 1980, was used on both experiment and control group children, in order to measure their motor performance before and after 12-weeks game education. Average and standard deviation values were calculated for the data collected. Children's throwing, catching, long jump, vertical jump, running, and stopping skills were measured. Mean and standard deviations of the data obtained in the study were taken. A statistically significant difference was found between the experimental and control groups in terms of post-test. A statistically significant difference was found in the experimental group pre-test and post-test comparisons. In these comparisons, the post-test values were found to be higher than the pre-test values. According to the results of the research, it is necessary to apply more long-term applications to increase the positive effect of 12-Weeks basic game education at the levels of motor development in children aged 4 to 6 years old.

Game Theory Analysis of Marine Rights Protection

This study discusses marine rights protection from the perspective of game theory. It introduces the role of marine rights protection in handling marine disputes, as well as the nature, direction, and elements of the game in China’s marine rights protection. Currently, to minimize marine disputes through the game theory and pursue joint governance accord with China’s national interest. To this end, this study categorizes marine rights protection into three basic game processes, i.e., entry to disputed sea areas, cross-border operation by fishing boats, and non-cooperative fishing, and then conducts corresponding game analysis to determine the key directions for building the marine right protection force of China. It is concluded that improving technological means for marine rights protection can effectively change the game revenue and achieve a beneficial game equilibrium. In particular, the development of technologies for high-tech interference, underwater protection, marine wide-area surveillance, and remote sea fishery development can assist China to gain an advantageous position in repeated game processes.

A Survey of Game Theory in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles Communications

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can be deployed as wireless relays or aerial base stations to improve network connectivity and coverage in cellular networks. UAVs can also be used to significantly enhance the performance of mobile ad-hoc networks and wireless sensor networks. In the future, UAVs are expected to become an integral part of the fifth generation wireless networks as well as key enablers of the coming massive Internet of Things. However, there are still many challenging issues in designing architectures and deployment of UAV-based networks. To address the issues, game theory has recently been adopted as an effective tool for modeling and analyzing problems in UAV-aided networks. In this paper, we survey the applications of game theory in solving various UAV-assisted networks challenges. We first provide a brief introduction to wireless communications with UAVs and then introduce basic game theory concepts and their relation to wireless networks. We further present the classification and brief introduction to the games applied to solve problems in UAV-aided networks. We then provide a comprehensive literature review on game-theoretic techniques utilized in dealing with challenges in the UAV-based wireless networks. Finally, we introduce advanced distributed schemes for interference management in large UAV-assisted communication networks. This paper aims to provide readers with an understanding of UAV-aided networks in terms of their architecture, benefits, challenges, and various game theoretical solutions applied to these communications networks.

Ex Post Nash Equilibrium in Linear Bayesian Games for Decision Making in Multi-Environments

We show that a Bayesian game where the type space of each agent is a bounded set of m-dimensional vectors with non-negative components and the utility of each agent depends linearly on its own type only is equivalent to a simultaneous competition in m basic games which is called a uniform multigame. The type space of each agent can be normalised to be given by the ( m − 1 ) -dimensional simplex. This class of m-dimensional Bayesian games, via their equivalence with uniform multigames, can model decision making in multi-environments in a variety of circumstances, including decision making in multi-markets and decision making when there are both material and social utilities for agents as in the Prisoner’s Dilemma and the Trust Game. We show that, if a uniform multigame in which the action set of each agent consists of one Nash equilibrium inducing action per basic game has a pure ex post Nash equilibrium on the boundary of its type profile space, then it has a pure ex post Nash equilibrium on the whole type profile space. We then develop an algorithm, linear in the number of types of the agents in such a multigame, which tests if a pure ex post Nash equilibrium on the vertices of the type profile space can be extended to a pure ex post Nash equilibrium on the boundary of its type profile space in which case we obtain a pure ex post Nash equilibrium for the multigame.

Entrepreneurship Courses on Gamification Strategies

In the learning process, the gamification strategy plays an important role in determining the achievement of learning objectives. Learning objectives will be achieved if students are able to engage in active communication both with their peers, facilitators, and with other learning resources. Characteristics of entrepreneurship courses include understanding and appreciation of entrepreneurship, the role of entrepreneurial mental attitude for self-improvement and institutions with core entrepreneurial spirit and entrepreneurial mental attitude through the introduction of entrepreneurial characteristics, growing business interest and tips on successful entrepreneurs, making business plans and making business plans. The aim of entrepreneurship courses is to provide students with an understanding and appreciation of entrepreneurship that is increasingly felt important in the face of globalization. Gamification and entrepreneurship Having several links (1) gamification strategies can provide choices and control to students when making a plant business project, (2) gamification strategies can foster confidence in their ability to face and solve challenges, (3) gamification strategies provide material and key answers to entrepreneurship courses, (4) give appreciation for the additional learning taken, and (5) help students establish social interaction through leadership activities or other social interactions. This development research seeks to design a gamification strategy in entrepreneurship courses in the Indonesian Language and Literature Study Program, FKIP UNISDA Lamongan. The Gamification Strategy developed has four basic game components, namely the rules of gamification, feedback (leaderboards, prizes, and medals), goals, and challenges. This research includes the type of development research that uses the Lee and Owl model with the following stages, (1) analyzing needs, (2) pre-test and post-test analysis, (3) design, (4) development, (5) implementation, (6) evaluation. Results of developing a gamification strategy package (1) gamification strategy (2) Lecturer guidance (3) student guide (4) Entrepreneurship book.

Comparison of GTK+ and Qt libraries in game development

Game development consists of many elements. Implementation of basic features such as rendering and sound handling requires usage of low level libraries and deep knowledge. Libraries that help to create user interfaces (UI), because of their functionality, may be an attractive platform for creating basic games. This paper presents the results of comparison of the two popular libraries: GTK+ and Qt.

ДО ПИТАННЯ МОК’ЮМЕНТАРІ, ЯК ЖАНРУ КІНЕМАТОГРАФУ

The article is devoted to one of the most relevant cinema and television genre – mockumentary, directly to its development and to samples in the cinema and on television.Mockumentary (from English “to mock” and “documentary”) – a genre that has an imitation of documentary, falsification and mystification. The development of the genre from the first finished samples (mid-twentieth century). And it continues to follow the main tendencies of modern art, in which, thanks to the latest technologies, a virtual reality is created that replaces reality as such. Accordingly, the line between the actual fact and artistic fiction is completely leveled.The emotionality and intellectuality of cinematography have been studied using the example of the cinematographic and television mockumentary genre (pseudo documentary films).The game postulates and proves the game nature of mockumentary and the presence in it of basic game principles inherent in both art in general and cinematography in particular, the causes of the origin of the psychology of deception and the properties of the game in art are analyzed.The main idea of the genre of mockumentary is to create a “different” life, based on the principles of delusion and play. The twentieth century taught people to be deceived and feel comfortable at the same time. Investigating the genre of mockumentary from the point of view of the game, it can be argued that this is a kind of “re-shaping” of reality (that is, the transformation of reality into images through which another reality opens up to us).Directors understood this natural process, understood the psychology of deception, the properties of the game and invented a new technology with their methods, techniques, successful tricks. They have learned to create their own “almost real world” for the audience.The game nature of art and the genre of mockumentary have a common property – the transformation of the external world. New views of the genre of mockumentary open up opportunities to find the emotionality and intellectuality of the cinema.

An inspection game of internal audit and the influence of whistle-blowing

In this paper we analyse how whistle-blowing affects fraudulent behaviour of managers while the company instigates imperfect internal audit to detect the fraud. To do so, we employ in a first step a non-cooperative inspection game to analyse fraudulent behaviour of a manager controlled by an internal auditor. In a second step we introduce exogenous whistle-blowing of a manager’s employee to aid the auditor to reveal the fraud. In a third step, the two-person inspection game is extended to a three-person approach with endogenous whistle-blowing. Our novel results are that the intensity of internal audit is always lower with whistle-blowing than without and that whistle-blowing renders the manager to act less fraudulently than compared to the basic inspection game if and only if she is unaware of the whistle-blower’s expected pay-off and the efficacy of internal audit is sufficiently low.

Design and Fabrication of Spring Rolling Machine

This paper is to examine to outline and manufacture of a manual spring moving machine by a basic system game plan for the creation of shut and open loop helical springs. This machine is worked by manual technique. This machine produces shut curl helical spring of various width and distinctive length. Rolling is the way toward bowing metal wire to a bended shape. The article in the state of round is made by spring roller shaft. Moving operation should be possible close by or control worked moving machine. It can make a spring from a pole. A pole is a pivoting machine component which is utilized to transmit control starting with one place then onto the next. A course is machine component which underpins another moving machine component. Guider is utilized to manage the crude material (spring wire). This guider precedes onward the pole consequently. This self-development is accomplished by the lead of spring. Handle is utilized to work the moving machine physically, without electric power outline is conveys an all parts of the machine, it is comprised of mellow steel. A work holding system is utilized to hold the mandrel; it is connected to the principle shaft of machine. Mandrel is fitting in the work holding instrument, the mandrel's external distance across is known as inward breadth of the spring

Negotiating land for flood risk management : upstream‐downstream in the light of economic game theory

This paper discusses the use of game theory as a method to achieve land and water governance for flood retention and resilience on a catchment scale. Therefore, it addresses flood retention in river catchments by using pay‐off matrices of game theory. How do pay‐off matrices between upstream and downstream change when certain property rights are adjusted or institutional conditions are changed? What if liability issues, responsibilities, and externalities of flood protection measures are reframed? Who should pay and who profit from retention measures? Individual scenarios correspond to some basic games from the game theory. The aim of these thought experiments is to develop rules for upstream‐downstream agreements on retention and resilience within a river basin area.

Game—A Carbon Emissions Game

This paper describes a carbon trading game to be played in a classroom setting. The game is modeled on real-world electric power markets with a carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions cap, often referred to as a “cap-and-trade” system. Players assume the roles of competing utilities, each with a fossil fuel plant and a renewable energy plant. Any electricity generated by fossil fuel requires offsetting carbon credits, which are available via auction. Depending on the auction price, it can be cheaper or more expensive to generate electricity with fossil fuel versus renewables. The goals of the game are: for students to become acquainted with cap-and-trade markets; to understand how regulatory policy applied to a market can induce environmental benefits; to discover how to mathematically derive strategies; to get a taste of basic game theory, auctions, and the newsvendor problem; and to meet these objectives in a fun setting. While fairly straightforward and simplified to provide symmetry among student competitors, the game can lead to surprisingly interesting results. This paper describes the game and how to facilitate it, presents strategies, analyzes games that were played, introduces novel quantitative measures to evaluate the quality of game play, and offers a number of suggestions for extending the game. The online appendices are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/ited.2017.0171 . The teaching note is available at https://www.informs.org/Publications/Subscribe/Access-Restricted-Materials .

Teaching Game Theory to Improve Adversarial Thinking in Cybersecurity Students

The ability to anticipate the strategic actions of hackers, including where, when, and how they might attack, and their tactics for evading detection, is a valuable skill for cybersecurity. Therefore, developing the strategic reasoning abilities of cybersecurity students is an important cybersecurity education learning objective. This paper proposes that basic game theory concepts should be taught to cybersecurity students in order to improve their strategic reasoning abilities. It details a pretest–posttest educational experiment that demonstrates that 2 h of basic game theory instruction results in a statistically significant improvement in students’ abilities to anticipate the strategic actions of others. It also provides details of the game theory curriculum to help other cybersecurity educators replicate these results. Additionally, this paper suggests that another benefit of teaching game theory in a cybersecurity course is that it may fundamentally alter the way students view the practice of cybersecurity, helping to sensitize them to the human adversary element inherent in cybersecurity in addition to technology-focused best practices. This could result in a more naturally strategic-minded, and therefore better equipped, cybersecurity workforce.

Soundball: Teaching Tennis to Students with Visual Impairments

The purpose of this article is to provide appropriate teaching strategies, equipment needs, modifications and adaptations that assist physical educators in teaching tennis (soundball) to students who are blind or visually impaired. Soundball is an easy addition to any physical education curriculum and allows students who are blind or visually impaired to socialize with peers while practicing basic skills, movement and game play in the least restrictive environment. Students who are blind or visually impaired can also participate in the lifetime activity of soundball outside of physical education through organized groups such as the United States Tennis Association or with family and friends.

Hockey India league: remnants of India’s long lost glory

Subject area Marketing management, Sports marketing. Study level/applicability The case is targeted at students of postgraduate and undergraduate programmes in business administration, specialising in marketing management/sports marketing. Case overview The Hockey India League (HIL) failed to make its mark. After the grand success of the Indian Premier League in India, there were hopes afloat for the HIL to follow suit. However, while the Pro Kabaddi League and the Premier Badminton League received much appreciation from a devout audience, the HIL did not quite live up to its expectations. With its evident failure for two consecutive seasons, investor sentiments were at an all-time low and most stakeholders wanted to back out. The future of the HIL now hangs in the balance, with the uncertainty of whether it should be shut down or given one more chance. Expected learning outcomes The participants are required to understand the Indian sports environment and the factors that play a major role in making a sport not only popular but also lucrative from the point of view of the investors. They will be called upon to improvise on the existing format of a sport, making it more attractive to the audience. Through such an exercise, they will understand how strategic changes to basic game formats can impact its success or failure. The case will encourage participants to think about viable business models for the revival of different types of sport. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 8: Marketing.

To Three or not to Three: Improving Human Computation Game Onboarding with a Three-Star System.

While many popular casual games use three-star systems, which give players up to three stars based on their performance in a level, this technique has seen limited application in human computation games (HCGs). This gives rise to the question of what impact, if any, a three-star system will have on the behavior of players in HCGs. In this work, we examined the impact of a three-star system implemented in the protein folding HCG Foldit. We compared the basic game's introductory levels with two versions using a three-star system, where players were rewarded with more stars for completing levels in fewer moves. In one version, players could continue playing levels for as many moves as they liked, and in the other, players were forced to reset the level if they used more moves than required to achieve at least one star on the level. We observed that the three-star system encouraged players to use fewer moves, take more time per move, and replay completed levels more often. We did not observe an impact on retention. This indicates that three-star systems may be useful for re-enforcing concepts introduced by HCG levels, or as a flexible means to encourage desired behaviors.

Contest theory

Exploring the basic game theory models of contests found in online services.

A game theoretical approach for distributed resource allocation with uncertainty

PurposeThe paper aims to build the connections between game theory and the resource allocation problem with general uncertainty. It proposes modeling the distributed resource allocation problem by Bayesian game. During this paper, three basic kinds of uncertainties are discussed. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to build the connections between game theory and the resource allocation problem with general uncertainty.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper, the Bayesian game is proposed for modeling the resource allocation problem with uncertainty. The basic game theoretical model contains three parts: agents, utility function, and decision-making process. Therefore, the probabilistic weighted Shapley value (WSV) is applied to design the utility function of the agents. For achieving the Bayesian Nash equilibrium point, the rational learning method is introduced for optimizing the decision-making process of the agents.FindingsThe paper provides empirical insights about how the game theoretical model deals with the resource allocation problem uncertainty. A probabilistic WSV function was proposed to design the utility function of agents. Moreover, the rational learning was used to optimize the decision-making process of agents for achieving Bayesian Nash equilibrium point. By comparing with the models with full information, the simulation results illustrated the effectiveness of the Bayesian game theoretical methods for the resource allocation problem under uncertainty.Originality/valueThis paper designs a Bayesian theoretical model for the resource allocation problem under uncertainty. The relationships between the Bayesian game and the resource allocation problem are discussed.

NexerciseVR: A VR-based Exergame for Neck Exercise

Neck pain is a common problem that can result in bad consequences of human suffering and productivity loss. Neck exercise is one of simple solutions to relieve the neck pain, but regular exercise routine usually faces motivational challenges. In order to deal with this problem, this study aimed to develop a novel VR-based exergame for neck exercise. The system is based on three reference exercise motions; cervical flexion, side-flexion and rotation. It uses basic game mechanics of rhythm game and includes fundamental gamification elements. The generated signal moves based on the rhythm of background music and the user should trace the viewpoint inside moving signal by correctly per-forming neck exercise motions inside VR environment. Evaluation of the prototype showed participants felt positively about NexerciseVR in terms of usability and user experience. Solutions generated with feedback from participants would be considered for the further improvement of the system. The proposed system may help people who are suffering or at risk of neck pain for providing more enjoyable and engaging neck exercise experience with better exercise effect.

Penilaian Atribut Usabilitas oleh Gamer First Person Shooter (FPS) Indonesia

<p>Computer games, especially First Person Shooter (FPS) have become one of the fastest growing and most economically sucessful software in Indonesia. Given the potential economic benefits of the FPS games, it is important to design its user interface as usable as possible to win the market. In accordance, it is crucial to find out what user interface factors should be considered in designing an FPS game. These factors can be used as a designing guide for game developers in Indonesia. The purpose of this paper is to discover the main user interface factors that should be considered in designing an FPS game especially from usability point of view and to suggest improvement of the user interface in current FPS game.</p><span>Fourty (40) usabilty attributes from literature review are qualitatively grouped into 5 factors. Those factors are: Basic FPS Feature (BFF), Basic Game Feature (BGF), Display & Sounds (D&S), Help & Hints (H&H), and Enjoyment (E). Usability testing on the factors is conducted in three different groups of players: Novice, Experienced, and Expert. Mann-Withney Test are conducted to understand performance difference for each group. The result shows that BGF and H&H are not significantly difference for all groups. While for BFF, the novice group tend to have different preference rather than other groups since there is not enough time duration given on novice users accessing the FPS feature. For D&S, expert tend to have different preference rather than other groups. Some future research potentials are also proposed in this paper.</span>