Fuchsin Research Articles

Effect of Prolonged Water Aging on the Bond Strength and Marginal Seal of Three Novel Restorative Materials.

To assess and contrast the shear bond strength (SBS) and microbial leakage of Cention-N, Fuji IX, and nanohybrid composite restorative materials after being exposed to prolonged water aging. A total of 30 self-curing acrylic blocks were prepared for SBS analysis. Extracted teeth were affixed on the acrylic resin to incorporate the root section. To expose the occlusal dentin, 3 mm of the midcoronal portion was sectioned. The sectioned samples were allocated into the following three groups: Group I: Fuji IX; group II: Filtek Z350; and group III: Cention-N. Cylindrical plastic tubing was used to place each material as directed by the manufacturer and water aging for 7, 14, and 28 days at 37°C. Also, a universal testing machine (UTM) was utilized for testing followed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). For microleakage analysis, a total of 30 class-V cavities were prepared. The prepared samples were allotted to respective groups; Later, 200 thermocycles at 5°C and 55°C were applied for 30 seconds to mimic the oral environment. The root apices sealed with sticky wax and the exception of a 1-mm around the edges of the restorations were then painted twice with clear nail varnish and submerged in 0.5% basic fuchsin dye at 37°C. Samples were washed, dried, and sectioned longitudinally followed by stereomicroscopic evaluation. Groups I (0.083), group II (0.083), and group III (0.102) did not show significant variation in the SBS after water degradation. At the end of 28 days of water aging, group III showed 33.3% adhesive failure and 66.7% mixed failure mode. For marginal leakage in group III, the mean and standard deviation (SD) were 334.90 ± 418.454 with the p = 0.001 showing a significant difference compared to groups I and II. Compared to nanohybrid composite and Fuji IX, Cention-N showed a superior SBS after being exposed to water aging and exhibited lesser marginal leakage. Cention-N outperformed in its marginal adaptation with superior shear resistance and can be considered as an alternative bulk filling material.

Cortical bone microdamage affects primary stability of orthodontic miniscrew.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of orthodontic miniscrew pitch and thread shape on microdamage in cortical bone. The relationship between the microdamage and primary stability was also examined. Ti6Al4V orthodontic miniscrews and 1.0-mm-thick cortical bone pieces from fresh porcine tibia were prepared. The orthodontic miniscrews had custom-made thread height (H) and pitch (P) size geometries, and were classified into three groups: control geometry; HCPC (HC; thread height=0.12 mm, PC; pitch size=0.60 mm), geometry with a narrower pitch; HCPN (HC; thread height=0.12 mm, PN; pitch size=0.30 mm), and geometry with a taller thread height; HTPC (HT; thread height=0.36 mm, PC; pitch size=0.60 mm). The orthodontic miniscrews were inserted into a pilot hole in the cortical bone, and maximum insertion torque and Periotest value were measured. After insertion, the samples were stained with basic fuchsin. Histological thin sections were obtained and the bone microdamage parameters, i.e., total crack length and total damage area, and insertion state parameters, i.e., orthodontic miniscrew surface length and bone compression area were calculated. The orthodontic miniscrews with the taller thread height resulted in lower primary stability with minimal bone compression and microdamage; however, the narrower thread pitch led to maximum bone compression and extensive bone microdamage. A wider thread pitch reduced microdamage, and decreased thread height resulted in increased bone compression, ultimately resulting in increased primary stability.

Optimising Wastewater Treatment: Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 as a potential multi-resistant bacterium for copper accumulation and dyes decolourisation.

Improper disposal of waste containing copper and dye is an environmental issue that must be resolved immediately due to its harmful, non-degradable and toxic properties. Bioremediation efficiency can improve by cultivating copper and dye multi-resistant bacteria to remove various pollutant types simultaneously. This study aims at establishing the multi-resistance of Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 to copper and dyes. The effects of copper concentration on growth were determined using a spectrophotometer, while accumulation was analysed using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Bacteria-mediated dye decolourisation dyes were observed based on clear zone formation around bacterial colonies, while decolourisation percentage was calculated using a spectrophotometer. Results demonstrate that Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 resisted up to 8 mM CuSO4 and accumulated up to 292.93 mg/g dry weight of copper cells. Acinetobacter sp. IrC1 isolates were also resistant to 500 ppm Methylene Blue, Malachite Green, Congo Red, Mordant Orange, Reactive Black, Direct Yellow, Reactive Orange, Remazol, Wantex Red and Wantex Yellow dye, successfully removing up to 68.35% and 79.50% Methylene Blue and Basic Fuchsine in a medium containing 3 mM CuSO4, respectively. Further investigations are required to analyse the genetic composition of multi-resistant bacteria to optimise the effectiveness of indigenous bacterial isolates as bioremediation agents.

Activation of persulfate ions by QDs-sized Z-scheme TiO2−x/Cu3Mo2O9 photocatalysts in visible-light detoxification of organic contaminants

As known, colored TiO2−x is a promising material in the photocatalytic detoxification of water pollutants. Herein, brown TiO2−x was combined with Cu3Mo2O9 nanoparticles to fabricate quantum dot-sized photocatalysts through hydrothermal method preceded calcination at 350 °C. The optical, electrochemical, textural, structural, and morphological features of the prepared photocatalysts were explored via various techniques. The photocatalytic ability of the materials was studied in the presence of persulfate ions (PS) upon visible light to remove different pollutants. After adding PS, the TiO2−x/Cu3Mo2O9 (1%)/PS system represented an efficient performance for the degradation of tetracycline (TC), cephalexin (CFX), fuchsine (FS), and methyl orange (MO). The rate constants of TC oxidation in the TiO2−x/Cu3Mo2O9 (1%)/PS system were respectively 333, 245, 198, 190, 95.2, 92.9, 77.9, and 2.03 times higher than the TiO2, PS, TiO2/PS, Cu3Mo2O9, Cu3Mo2O9/PS, TiO2−x, TiO2−x/PS, and TiO2−x/Cu3Mo2O9 (1%) systems. So, the synergistic effect of PS and heterogeneous photocatalysis was confirmed by the TiO2−x/Cu3Mo2O9 (1%) material in the removal reactions. The quenching tests demonstrated that the •O2−, h+, •OH, and •SO4− are key reactive species. Finally, a Z-scheme mechanism was suggested for the degradation reactions by TiO2−x/Cu3Mo2O9 /PS system.

Raw sawdust utilization for the removal of acid red57 and basic fuchsin dyes from aqueous solution: equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic investigation

The aim of work is the use of a cheap adsorbent; sawdust (SD), for the adsorption of anionic dye, acid red57 (AR57), and cationic dye, basic fuchsin (BF). The adsorption of AR57 and BF on SD increased by increasing contact time and adsorbent dosage, while decreased with the increase of temperature and initial dye concentration. The increase in pH decreased the adsorption of AR57 and increased the adsorption of BF. The effective pH, adsorbent dose, and contact time on the AR57 removal efficiency were found to be 3, 0.1 g and 50 min, respectively. While for BF it was found to be 6, 0.2 g and 50 min, respectively. Fitting equilibrium data to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherms showed that Freundlich model is the most suitable to describe the acid red57 and basic fuchsin. The kinetic studies indicate that the adsorption of AR57 and BF follows a pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption of both AR57 and BF is spontaneous (ΔG = −3.97, −3.27 kJ/mol) and exothermic (ΔH = −22.9, −8.3 kJ/mol) with negative values of ΔG and ΔH. The negative values of ΔS of both AR57 and BF (ΔS = −64.6, −16.7 J/mol. K) showed that the randomness decreases through the adsorption process.

Waste rice noodle-based CQDs/ZnO composite nanorod array on steel wire mesh: Preparation and photocatalytic capability

In order to develop cost-effective photocatalytic devices, a nanorod array-structured carbon quantum dot/zinc oxide (CQDs/ZnO) composite was synthesized on a steel wire mesh substrate using waste rice noodle (WRN) as the raw material. The incorporation of CQDs derived from WRN played a crucial role in controlling the morphology of the ZnO-based array. By optimizing the loading of CQDs, the CQDs/ZnO composite achieved a regular hexagonal prism nanorod array distribution and exhibited highly efficient photocatalytic degradation of various organic pollutants. For instance, in the case of methylene blue, the CQDs/ZnO composite demonstrated a remarkable degradation rate of 99.4% within 90 min, with a high degradation rate constant of 0.033 min−1. Moreover, the composite material could be recycled and reused for five photocatalytic cycles without a significant decrease in its degradation performance, surpassing the performance of the pure ZnO array. Furthermore, the resulting CQDs/ZnO composite array exhibited effective photocatalytic degradation for other organic dyes such as malachite green, methyl violet, basic fuchsin, and rhodamine B. Additionally, this composite material was successfully applied to real water purification, achieving a high mineralization efficiency of 48% and a low leaching rate of Zn of 1.2% in a river water sample after a 90-minute photocatalytic process. The introduction of CQDs derived from WRN into the ZnO array led to efficient electron-hole pair separation, enabling more photogenerated electrons to reduce O2 and more photogenerated holes to oxidize H2O. This resulted in enhanced radical generation and improved photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants, showcasing the superior performance of the CQDs/ZnO composite array.

Efficient Disposal of Basic Fuchsin Dye from Aqueous Media Using ZrO2/MgMn2O4/Mg(Mg0.333Mn1.333)O4 as a Novel and Facilely Synthesized Nanocomposite

In this work, amorphous and crystalline novel products based on Zr, Mg, and Mn were facilely fabricated through the Pechini sol–gel procedure using inexpensive chemicals and an uncomplicated apparatus. Also, these products showed high efficiency as novel adsorbents in getting rid of basic fuchsin dye from aqueous solutions. The adsorbent, which was fabricated before calcination, was abbreviated as KE. In addition, the adsorbents, which were created at 500 and 700 °C, were designated as KE500 and KE700, respectively. The created adsorbents were characterized using high-level transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), N2 adsorption/desorption analyzer, and field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). The XRD showed that the KE adsorbent is amorphous, whereas the KE500 and KE700 adsorbents are mixtures of ZrO2, MgMn2O4, and Mg(Mg0.333Mn1.333)O4 nanostructures. The HR-TEM exhibited that the KE adsorbent consists of very fine irregular shapes, whereas the KE500 adsorbent contains quasi-spherical particles with a mean diameter of 45.16 nm. Furthermore, the HR-TEM exhibited that the KE700 adsorbent consists of polyhedral shapes with a mean diameter of 76.28 nm. Furthermore, the BET surface area of the KE, KE500, and KE700 adsorbents is 67.85, 20.15, and 13.60 m2/g, respectively. Additionally, the elimination of basic fuchsin dye by the KE, KE500, and KE700 adsorbents is exothermic, physical in nature, and follows the pseudo-first-order as well as Langmuir equations. Further, the maximum uptake capabilities of the KE, KE500, and KE700 adsorbents toward basic fuchsin dye are 239.81, 174.83, and 93.19 mg/g, respectively.

Thermally activated persulfate oxidation of Basic Fuchsin dye: Effect of different operating parameters, kinetic, and thermodynamic study

AbstractThe present paper aims to investigate the efficiency of thermal activation persulfate in eliminating the organic dye “Basic Fuchsin” (BF). In addition, the study attempts to elucidate the effect of different operating parameters, such as persulfate dosage (0.44–4.4 mM), the initial solution pH of (3–10), and temperature (25–50°C), on the process. The effects of various anions and water matrices on BF discoloration were investigated. Thus, the findings revealed that 94.15% of BF can be eliminated using persulfate at a concentration of 4.4 mM and a temperature equal to 50°C. It occurs under the following operating conditions: oxidation time of 60 min, initial pH equal to 6, the pollutant concentration of 10 ppm, and stirring speed equal to 300 rpm. Furthermore, the kinetic study indicated that the degradation of the BF dye using PS followed a first‐order pattern with rate constants varying within a range of 15.3 × 10−3–43.2 × 10−3 min−1. Based on the Arrhenius equation, the activation energy of the studied process was determined to be 29 kJ mol−1, suggesting that a moderate activation energy is required for BF discoloration. The results of the thermodynamic study confirm that the oxidation process is non‐spontaneous and endothermic. Coexisting inorganic anions delayed BF discoloration to varying degrees, and the inhibitory action followed the following order: carbonate > chloride > sulfate > nitrate. Organic pollutants oxidation by the thermal activation of the persulfate is a simple and effective method for the depollution of waste textile water.

Adsorption of Fuchsine Dye on TiZnPbO Nanocomposites: Analytical Modeling and Interpretation

AbstractIn this study, the synthesis process of TiZnPbO nanocomposite and its use for the removal of Basic Fuchsin (BF) dye from wastewater was studied. The influence of contact duration (90 min), concentration (200 mg/L), solution pH (3.0), and adsorbent dosage (0.2 g) on adsorption studies were thoroughly examined. The kinetic models (pseudo‐first‐order and pseudo‐second‐order) and isotherm models (Langmuir and Freundlich) are used to understand the adsorption mechanism and behavior of BF over adsorbents. According to the kinetic data, the models fit a pseudo‐second‐order equation which is an indication of a heterogeneous chemisorption process. The Langmuir isotherm is best fitted with R2 of 0.999 and a maximum adsorption capacity of 208.33 mg/g. It was determined that the values of n for the adsorption of BF on TiZnPbO at 298 K were less than unity (n=0.516, 0.504, and 0.501). This finding showed that the BF dyes should be adsorbed on this adsorbent in a non‐parallel orientation. As for BF adsorption on TiZnPbO, the isotherm data indicated that it behaved more like a multilayer than a monolayer. The TiZnPbO adsorbent showed high recyclability at least 5 times.

Propensity of a low-cost adsorbent derived from agricultural wastes to interact with cationic dyes in aqueous solutions.

Ash collected from thrown-away by-products while preparing a popular traditional food additive, kolakhar of the Assamese community of North East, India, was used as an alternate cost-effective, porous bioadsorbent option from the conventional activated carbon for the purification of carcinogenic dyes laden water. The base material for kolakhar preparation was taken from the discarded banana stem waste to stimulate agricultural waste management. Methylene blue (MB) and basic fuchsin (BF) dyes were used as model cationic dyes. Characterization techniques like CHN, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis of the prepared banana stem ash (BSA) reveal the presence of high inorganic contents and functional groups in the irregular, porous bioadsorbent with surface area 55.534 m2g-1. Various regulating parameters studied to optimize the adsorption capacity of BSA were bioadsorbent dose (0.1-3g/L), temperature (298-318K), contact time (0-150min), pH (2-9), and initial dye concentrations (10-40mg/L). Non-linear kinetic models suggested Elovich for both MB and BF adsorption, while the non-linear isotherm model suggested Langmuir and Temkin for MB and BF adsorption, respectively, as best-fitted curves. The monolayer adsorption capacity (qm) for MB and BF was 15.22mg/g and 24.08mg/g at 318K, respectively, with more than 95% removal efficiency for both dyes. The thermodynamic parameters studied indicated that the adsorption is spontaneous. The ∆H0 values of MB and BF adsorptions were 2.303kJ/mol (endothermic) and - 29.238kJ/mol (exothermic), respectively.

Conversion of bare corn cobs waste into sustainable and ecofriendly nanobiosorbent for effective removal of cationic basic fuchsin and methylene blue dyes from water

Conversion of bare corn cobs waste into sustainable and ecofriendly nanobiosorbent for effective removal of cationic basic fuchsin and methylene blue dyes from water

Bismuth oxyiodide nanocomposites supported on strontium hydroxyapatite enhance UV-Vis light-driven photocatalytic activity

In this research, we discuss the removal of basic fusion (BF), and crystal violet (CV) dyes by strontium hydroxyapatite supported BiOI. In a modified hydrothermal model, one can synthesize BiOI/SrHA. BiOI/SrHA was characterized using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV-visible (UV-vis) analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy diffraction X-ray (EDX), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM outcome confirmed the dispersion of BiOI onto strontium hydroxyapatite. The shape of the BiOI catalytic samples overlapped with each other to form 3D hierarchical flower-like structures. The UV-visible was used as a radiation source during photocatalysis. BiOI/SrHA had an effect on malachite green dye degradation. The oxidative removal occurred through hydroxyl radical formation. UV-visible (UV-vis) BiOI/SrHA showed perfect photocatalytic property for the decay of Basic Fuchsin (BF) and Crystal Violet (CV) from an aqueous solution. According to kinetics analysis, the dye degradation rates could be in a pseudo-first-order model

Efficient persulfate activation by photo-excited organic dyes: Mechanism and application for actual dyeing wastewater self-purification

Sulfate Radical-Advanced Oxidation Processes are considered an efficient way for purifying dyeing wastewater, which commonly resists conventional treatment processes owing to the complex components, low biodegradability and high toxicity. However, this emerging technique is associated with issues of secondary pollution and great energy consumption during peroxymonosulfate (PMS) or persulfate (PS) activation processes. Herein, a dye pollutant/PS/visible light self-catalytic system was constructed, based on the photosensitive property of organic dyes for PS activation without catalyst and energy input. In this system, the degradation ratio of 100 mL 10 mg L−1 basic fuchsin, rhodamine B and eosin Y significantly increased by 60%, 76% and 50%, compared with the process without light irradiation. Such improvements were attributable to an efficient photo-induced electron transfer from photo-excited dyes to PS, which has the precondition that the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy level of the dye is higher than that of PS, thereby generating oxidizing species like ·SO4−, ·OH and 1O2 for pollutants degradation. Due to the high performance of pollutants simultaneous removal, wide pH adaptability and anti-interference, the complex self-catalytic system consisted of nine dyes and bis-phenol A exhibited the possibility for practical application. Expectedly, the actual dyeing wastewater self-purification system featured a decolorization efficiency of 54% accompanied by the removal of co-existing aromatic proteins and tryptophan-like substances; moreover, the acute bio-toxicity of the raw wastewater greatly decreased by 61.6%. Owing to its high efficiency, eco-friendliness and low consumption, the constructed “using waste to treat waste” system provides a promising way for wastewater treatment.

Kinetic study on the degradation of organic pollutants in UV/persulfate and in other advanced oxidation processes: Role of radicals and improvement of the degradation rates

Kinetic degradation of five typical pollutants including clothianidin (CLO), levofloxacin (LEV), p-nitrosodimethylaniline (RNO), paracetamol (PCM), and basic fuchsin (BF) by UV/persulfate (UV/PS) and other advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) (i.e., UV/H2O2, Fe2+/H2O2, electrochemical process, UV/PS/heat, UV/PS/Fe2+, UV/PS/Fe2O3, and UV/PS/rGO) were studied. The result showed that all pollutants were effectively degraded by UV/PS with different degradation rates. The oxidizing factors contributing to the pollutant degradation in UV/PS were studied, showing that UV is the predominant contributor to CLO degradation, while its contribution is negligible in the degradation of other compounds. •OH and SO4•- were the main radicals contributing to the degradation of all pollutants in UV/PS, except CLO. The second-order rate constant of •OH and SO4•- towards pollutants was determined according to the competition kinetic model, to be in the range of 109-1010 M−1 s−1. The degradation rate of pollutants in different AOPs were varied, because the oxidizing factors and their role in AOP systems directly affect the degradation efficiency of pollutants. In all AOPs, •OH radical played a major role in their degradation. The presence of water matrices has different influences on the degradation rates of pollutants. For example, 10 mM NO2- inhibited the degradation of pollutants to 99.1%, whereas Br-, SO42-, and F- had a lower inhibitory effect on their degradation. HPO42- can improve the degradation rate of BF, but it also significantly inhibited the degradation of PCM. The results also revealed that UV/PS/Fe2+ and UV/PS/rGO can remarkably increase the degradation efficiency of all pollutants, while using α-Fe2O3 and heat were less efficient. In addition, other parameters including COD removal, energy consumption, and toxicity assessment were also investigated to evaluate the potential application of UV/PS in practice.

Removal of dyes from water using Citrullus lanatus seed powder in continuous and discontinuous systems

The objective of this study is to develop a low-cost biosorbent using residual seeds of the Citrullus lanatus fruit for the removal of cationic dyes. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, adsorbent mass, contact time, and temperature were evaluated for their effects on dye removal. The biosorbent is composed of lignin and cellulose, exhibiting a highly heterogeneous surface with randomly distributed cavities and bulges. The adsorption of both dyes was most effective at natural pH with a dosage of 0.8 g L−1. Equilibrium was reached within 120 min, regardless of concentration, indicating rapid kinetics. The Elovich model and pseudo-second-order kinetics were observed for crystal violet and basic fuchsin dye, respectively. The Langmuir model fitted well with the equilibrium data of both dyes. However, the increased temperature had a negative impact on dye adsorption. The biosorbent also demonstrated satisfactory performance (R = 43%) against a synthetic mixture of dyes and inorganic salts, with a small mass transfer zone. The adsorption capacities for crystal violet and basic fuchsin dye were 48.13 mg g−1 and 44.26 mg g−1, respectively. Thermodynamic studies confirmed an exothermic nature of adsorption. Overall, this low-cost biosorbent showed potential for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions.

Coloration and branching of polypropylene by reactive processing

AbstractReactive melt processing is a known technique used to produce long‐chain branched polypropylene. It involves polyfunctional substances that act as chain‐linking agents (CA). In this work, polyfunctional amine dyes are used as CA in a novel method for simultaneously improving melt strength and fade resistance of polypropylene. Colored long‐chain branched polymer is synthesized by reactive processing of maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene (PPg) in the molten state using glycerol, basic fuchsin and disperse blue 1. Selected CA concentrations avoid gel‐like structures and impart good color intensity. FT‐IR spectroscopy confirms the reaction between PPg and the CAs while rheological characterization supports the synthesis of long‐chain branched structures. Covalent bonding of dye molecules to PPg is confirmed by both UV–visible spectroscopy and colorimetry. A maximum total color difference, ∆E*, of about 20 was measured after xylene purification. New materials show good color homogeneity and transparency with minimum bleeding after 48 hours exposure to water and ethanol.

Valorization of Lemon Peel as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Basic Fuchsine and Eosin dyes from aqueous solutions

Valorization of Lemon Peel as low-cost adsorbent for the removal of Basic Fuchsine and Eosin dyes from aqueous solutions

STUDY OF KINETIC, ISOTHERMAL, AND SORPTION CHARACTERISTICS OF SOME DYES USING NOVEL LUPINE PEEL POWDER

Synthetic dyes are considered harmful compounds to the environment even in slight quantities. Low-cost natural adsorbents have been proven helpful for water treatment. In the current research, Lupine peel was used in inactivated (IL) and activated (AL) forms to remove Basic Fuchsin (BF) and Eosin (E) dyes from aqueous media. Adsorbents have been evaluated by FTIR and SEM. The operational settings, including the solutions pH, adsorbent dosage & size, initial dye concentration, temperature & contact time were all controlled in a batch system. According to experimental outcomes, the adsorption procedure occurs quickly & naturally. A pseudo-2nd-order kinetic model gives the best fit to the experimental information of BF & E dyes adsorption onto IL and AL. Adsorption isotherm data of BF adsorption was fitted well to the Freundlich model, while E adsorption was well fitted to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Optimal adsorption capacities of 1.5344, 2.9913, 0.7983, and 1.0921 mg/g for BF and E adsorption onto IL and AL respectively. According to the (D-R) isotherm model, the values of E were 0.5, 2.357, 0.05, and 0.0707 KJ/mol for BF and E onto IL and AL respectively, indicating a physisorption process. The activation parameters (∆Go, ∆Ho, ∆So) were calculated. The adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous with a higher preference of BF than E onto AL and IL. The findings indicate that the lupine peel has the potential to function as a low-cost adsorbent for the elimination of BF & E dyes from aqueous solutions.

Micro Tensile bond strength and microleakage assessment of total-etch and self-etch adhesive bonded to carious affected dentin disinfected with Chlorhexidine, Curcumin, and Malachite green

Assessment of micro tensile bond strength (microTBS) and micro-leakage scores of total-etch adhesive (TAE) and self-etch adhesive (SAE) bonded to carious affected dentin (CAD) sterilized using different cavity disinfectant (curcumin photosensitizer (CP) and malachite green (MG) and Chlorhexidine (CHX) in comparison to no disinfection (ND) control group. One hundred and twenty human molars having International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores of 4 and 5 were included. Visual inspection, dental explorer hardness testing, and caries detector solution using 5% basic Fuchsin dye solution was applied to dentin to identify the CAD surface. All the specimens were divided into four groups (n = 30) according to the cavity disinfectants used. Group A: 2% CHX, Group B: CP, Group C: MG, and Group D: ND. Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 15) based on the adhesion protocol. Groups A1, B1, C1, and D1 were held using TEA, and groups A2, B2, C2, and D2 were adhered using SEA system. The composite material was then built in 2 mm increments and then cured with light. MicroTBS and failure mode assessment using a universal testing machine (UTM) and stereomicroscope at a 40X magnification was performed on 10 samples from each subgroup. The microleakage assessment was performed using a dye penetration test on five samples from each group. ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests were used to compare means and standard deviation (SD) of bond strength and microleakage (p < 0.05). RESULTS The maximum microTBS was displayed by A1= CHX and TEA (13.28± 1.01 MPa). The lowest bond scores were demonstrated by C2= MG and SEA (5.98±0.44 MPa). The highest micro-leakage was exhibited by C1= MG and TEA (58.32 ± 2.11 nm). Whereas, the lowest micro-leakage values were displayed by A2= CHX and SEA (24.34± 1.11 nm). Chlorohexidiene displayed better bond strength and the lowest microleakage scores with Total-etch adhesive and Self-etch adhesives when used as a cavity disinfectant. Total-etch adhesives performed better in terms of microTBS scores whereas self-etch adhesives displayed superior seal ability within the same disinfectant group.

Design of Co-MOF nanosheets for efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes

Herein, we report the synthesis, structure, adsorption and photocatalytic degradation properties of a novel metal-organic framework (MOF) [Co(ppda)(tib)(H2O)2]·3H2O (Co-MOF) by the selection of the flexible 1,4-phenylenediacetic acid (H2ppda) and the rigid 1,3,5-tris (1- imidazolyl) benzene (tib). In the Co-MOF, each tib coordinated with Co (II) ions to form a 2D layer structure with the benzene rings of ppda 2− exposed on the two sides the plane. The 2D layers are further arranged into a 3D porous network with the specific surface area of 46.248 m 2 g−1, providing more active reaction and adsorption sites accessible for efficient adsorption and photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. By comparing the photocatalytic degradation rate of four different dyes, the Co-MOF has the best catalytic effect on basic fuchsin (BF) after 50 min of light irradiation, with a catalytic efficiency of up to 96.3% and the highest reaction rate constant of 0.01880 min− 1. The main photocatalytic degradation mechanism is the separation of the photogenerated electron of the catalyst under the light excitation, and the redox reaction occurs to produce the active species to degrade the dye and eventually decompose into carbon dioxide and water. According to the Freundlich model and quasi-second order kinetic equation, the adsorption process can be judged as monolayer chemisorption. The zeta potential of Co-MOF suggests that there are electrostatic interactions in the adsorption process.