Basic Frequency Research Articles

TESL In-Service Teachers' Experiences When Evaluating an Oral History Workbook

The implementation of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) in English curriculum has led to the use of CEFR aligned foreign textbooks in Malaysian schools. However, the application of CEFR English textbooks from the United Kingdom has encountered a few oppositions as the advocates of Malaysian based textbooks believe that English should be written contextually by emphasizing the local cultures and histories. In lieu of this, a group of in service teachers in a Masters course had developed and evaluated each others Oral History materials. The research objectives are to find out what are the material evaluation criteria frequently attended to by in service TESL teachers when evaluating an oral history workbook and to what extent the in-service teachers have gained from evaluating oral history workbook developed by their peers. A mixed methodology research approach using basic frequency count, percentages and qualitative data was employed in this study. Data was gathered from 109 in service TESL teachers via their Personal Reflective Journal (PRJ), which they had written after evaluating an oral history workbook based on Tomlinsons and Mukundans evaluation checklists. The findings showed the frequently attended criteria by the in service teachers and that there are new criteria that can be added to the evaluation checklists. It is anticipated that this study could encourage educators to develop their own classroom materials, for material evaluators to consider the English textbook contextually and for a revision to the material evaluation checklists to reflect current 21st century pedagogy.

Methods of Hidden Periodicity Discovering for Gearbox Fault Detection.

It is shown that the models of gear pair vibration, proposed in literature, are particular cases of the bi-periodically correlated random processes (BPCRPs), which describe its stochastic recurrence with two periods. The possibility of vibration and analysis within the framework of BPCRP approximation, in the form of periodically correlated random processes (PCRPs), is grounded and the implementation of vibration processing procedures using PCRP techniques, which are worked out by the authors, is given. Searching for hidden periodicities of the first and the second orders was considered as the main issue of this approach. The estimation of the non-stationary period (basic frequency) allowed us to carry out a detailed analysis of the deterministic part, the covariance structure of the stochastic part, and to form, using their parameters, the sensitive indicators for fault detection. The results of the processing of the wind turbine gearbox vibration signals are presented. The amplitude spectra of the deterministic oscillations and the time changes of the stochastic part power for different fault stages are analyzed. The most efficient indicators, which are formed using the amplitude spectra for practical applications, are proposed. The presented approach was compared with known in literature cyclostationary analysis and envelope techniques, and its advantages are shown.

An Improved Speech Base Frequency Extraction Algorithm

Traditional fundamental frequency extraction algorithms mainly include cepstrum method, short-time autocorrelation method. Some end-point extraction methods can’t correctly select the part of effective value due to the particularity of dialect audio and the noise influence. And, some fundamental frequency extraction methods cannot get the data consistent with the trend of tuning values. Against the above, this paper proposes an improved double threshold method for the extraction of the basic frequency according to the characteristics of the vowels of the initials of the one-word tone, which extracts the continuous vowels of the one-word tone, and looks for the basic frequency extraction algorithm that meets the classification of the tones of one-word. Finally, the effective basic frequency data is obtained. This method is more effective than other methods in speech tone recognition. It is of great significance to the study of speech tone, especially the study of dialect tone.

Aharonov-Bohm effect in three-dimensional higher-order topological insulators

Hinge states are the hallmark of the 3D higher-order topological insulator(HOTI). Here, we show that chiral hinge states can be identified by the magnetic field induced Aharonov-Bohm(AB) oscillation of the electron conductance in the interferometer constructed by HOTI and normal metal. Unlike AB interferometer of 3D topological insulator(TI), we find that there are different AB oscillation frequencies for a given direction of magnetic field in 3D HOTI. And the oscillation frequencies are also strongly depending on the direction of magnetic field. The main conclusion in our work is that there exists a universal linear relation between different oscillation frequencies. Here, by constructing an interference model of hinge states loops, we show both analytically and numerically that the linear relation is fulfilled in the HOTI effective model. The four basic frequencies in the work are labeled as $\omega_x$, $\omega_y$, $\omega_{x+y}$, $\omega_{x-y}$ and the main linear relations we demonstrate here are $\omega_{x\pm y}=\omega_x \pm \omega_y$. These results provide an effective way for the identification of the chiral hinge states, and the oscillation signatures are stable with different sample size and bias.

Analysis of initiation of instability zones of drilling string and intensification of drilling process at well boring by rotating an d rotating-bit methods

Instable operation of a drilling string can be caused by design flaws, unreasonably selected drilling modes, as well as specific features of the drilling by bit, fixed on a long flexible rod with initial irregularities. It was established that a drilling string under the influence of constant torque and longitudinal feed load is deformed along a screw line. It was shown that the source of the dynamic state initiation of a rotating drilling string is an alternative friction between rock and the instrument, as well as variation of potential energy of the drilling string at its twisting and untwisting. At the string twisting the potential anergy is accumulating, at the untwisting it is released. In this case the drilling sting length begins to increase and the work of feed force is imposed to this shifting resulting in the instrument beat over the rock. The torsion oscillating process causes longitudinal periodic shifting of the string end, which lead to joint longitudinal and bending oscillations of the whole drilling column. Systems of differential equations obtained describing the joint bending-longitudinal oscillations of a drilling string, caused by torsion vibrations, initiating at the contact of a drilling instrument with rock. Approximate solutions of the systems presented, which take place with the basic natural frequency of the torsion oscillations of a two-mass system instrument - string - rotator drive. In this case the amplitudes of the drilling string bending oscillations are associated with characteristics variation of the friction between the instrument and the rock as well as with the angular frequency of the drilling string rotation. Zones of dynamic instability at rotation of the deformed drilling string due to acting force factors, as well as initial irregularities and centrifugal forces revealed. It was shown that they are initiated at critical speeds of the drilling string rotation, which coincides with any natural frequency of the bending oscillations of the stave. To intensify the drilling process, recommendation elaborated for equipping the rotary drilling rig with an additional pneumatic hammer. A calculated diagram of a drilling string, equipped by an additional pneumatic hammer considered. Parameters of the hammer in terms of frequency and amplitude are matched with the translational speed of well drilling. The total longitudinal and transverse shifts can be obtained by superposition of self-exciting and induces shifts.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Powerful basic frequency extraction from monophonic signs utilizing versatile sub-band separating

Basic frequency (f0) extraction assumes a significant function in the handling of monophonic signals, for example, discourse and tune. It is fundamental in different ongoing applications like feeling acknowledgment, discourse/performing voice segregation, etc. A few f0 extraction techniques have been proposed throughout the long term, yet nobody calculation functions admirably for both discourse and tune. Previously an efficient method for extracting pitch from speech signals for HMM-based speech synthesis system, voicing detection and pitch estimation is performed using the mean signal obtained from Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) coefficients. Both objective and subjective evaluation results show that the quality of speech synthesized with the proposed pitch estimation method is much better compared with HMM-based speech synthesis systems developed using the state-of-the-art pitch extraction methods, namely, Robust Algorithm for Pitch Tracking (RAPT) and Speech Transformation and Representation using Adaptive Interpolation of weighted spectrum (STRAIGHT) employed in HTS. Zero-frequency filter (ZFF) is used to derive the locations of impulse excitation. An algorithm is presented for the estimation of the fundamental frequency (F0) of speech or musical sounds, the well-known autocorrelation method with a number of modifications that combine to prevent errors. The algorithm has several desirable features. Error rates are about three times lower than the best competing methods, as evaluated over a database of speech recorded together with a laryngograph signal. In this paper, we propose a novel methodology that can precisely appraise f0 from discourse just as tunes. To begin with, voiced/unvoiced recognition is performed utilizing a novel RNN-LSTM based methodology. At that point, each voiced edge is disintegrated into a few sub-groups. From each sub-band of a voiced casing, the applicant pitch periods are distinguished utilizing autocorrelation and non-straight activities. At last, Viterbi interpreting is utilized to shape the last pitch forms. The presentation of the proposed technique is assessed utilizing mainstream discourse (Keele, CMU-Cold), and melody (MIR-1K, Verses) information bases. The assessment results show that the proposed strategy performs similarly well for discourse and monophonic melodies and is superior to the best in class techniques. Further, the viability of proposed f0 extraction strategy is exhibited by building up an intelligent SARGAM learning apparatus. The most generally utilized f0 extraction strategies are Praat and Riveted. The proposed method increases the performance nearly 81.8% and 35.2% compared to existing methods.

SAVMD: An adaptive signal processing method for identifying protein coding regions

The identification of protein coding regions is a major topic of research in the field of gene prediction. A number of digital signal processing (DSP) based approaches, which exploit 3-base periodicity to detect coding regions, have been proposed. According to these previously published approaches, we summarize that an effective method or filter for identifying protein coding regions should fulfill three important properties, including the independence of the window length, an effective and adaptive frequency response, a fixed basic frequency of 1∕3f. However, most of published approaches cannot simultaneously satisfy these three points, which causes that their identification accuracy is still limited. In this paper, we propose an adaptive signal processing method, called sinusoidal-assisted variational mode decomposition (SAVMD) for identifying coding regions. The adaptability of SAVMD reflects in two aspects including: (i) The proposed method analyzes numerical sequences without needing any window information; (ii) The spectrum of period-3 component can be automatically fitted by SAVMD in Fourier domain. From this, our proposed method outperforms other DSP-based methods in terms of identification accuracy, which is verified by the experimental results on five benchmark datasets. When processing the dataset where most sequences contain undetermined nucleotides (UDT), SAVMD shows more superior performance than the model-dependent method AUGUSTUS as well as other model-independent methods. In addition, we conduct a comparative analysis on different numerical conversions of DNA sequences using SAVMD. Several applicable methods for SAVMD, which are selected from this experimentation, can provide a reference to the applications of other time–frequency decomposition methods in the field of gene prediction.

Comparison of Control Techniques for Series Resonant Converter

There are many different derivatives of the variable and fixed frequency switching control techniques used in the control of load resonant converters. In this study; among these techniques frequency modulation (FM), phase shift modulation (PSM) and pulse density modulation (PDM) are applied separately to series resonant converter (SRC). The techniques are examined and compared in many respects. An experimental setup was built, which consists of a 400W converter (with the input voltage of 200 V and the output voltage of 36V), a control circuit and a resistive load to verify the theoretical studies. The converter is controlled by FM, PSM and PDM separately for 120 kHz basic operating frequency and different output currents. The experimental results are compared in terms of efficiency, output voltage ripple, soft switching, switch voltage and ease of application and hardware. The comparison results are presented. It is observed that FM has better performance than the other two techniques in many aspects.

An incremental harmonic balance method with two time-scales for quasi-periodic responses of a Van der Pol–Mathieu equation

An incremental harmonic balance (IHB) method with two time-scales is presented and used for calculating accurate quasi-periodic responses of a one-degree-of-freedom Van der Pol–Mathieu equation with coupled self-excited vibration and parametrically excited vibration with 1:2 resonance. For periodic responses of the Van der Pol–Mathieu equation with only one basic frequency, the traditional IHB method is used to automatically trace their nonlinear frequency response curves. Stability and bifurcations of the periodic responses for given parameters are then determined by the Floquet theory using the precise Hsu’s method. It is found that a jump from a periodic response to a quasi-periodic response at a critical point results from a saddle node bifurcation. For quasi-periodic responses of the Van der Pol–Mathieu equation, their spectra contain uniformly spaced sideband frequencies that have not been observed heretofore, which involve two incommensurate basic frequencies, i.e., the parametric excitation frequency and a priori unknown frequency related to uniformly spaced sideband frequencies. The IHB method with two time-scales is formulated to deal with cases where one basic frequency is unknown a priori, in order to automatically trace nonlinear frequency response curves of quasi-periodic responses of the Van der Pol–Mathieu equation with 1:2 resonance and accurately calculate all frequency components and their corresponding amplitudes even at critical points. Results of the Van der Pol–Mathieu equation obtained from the IHB method with two time-scales are in excellent agreement with those from numerical integration using the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. This investigation reveals rich dynamic characteristics of the Van der Pol–Mathieu equation in a wide range of parametric excitation frequencies.

Imiona chrześcijańskie w Synodyku nowogrodzkim z końca XIV–XV wieku

The article contains an analysis of Christian names selected from the oldest synodicon written in the Lisitsky monastery near Veliky Novgorod. The analysis comprises 3190 names of laypeople, amongst which are 208 male names and 58 female names. The author discusses the group of given names (basic forms, their phonetic, morphological variants and frequency, as well as rarely used names that occurred in the synodicon).

Clinical application of SVF-gel in unilateral vocal cord paralysis

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of SVF-gel in unilateral vocal cord paralysis. Methods:his investigation presented a retrospective study of SVF-gel auto-transplantation in 22 patients with unilateral vocal cord paralysis from June 2017 to December 2018 in otolaryngology head and neck surgery of Nanjing Tongren Hospital. Under the general anesthesia support laryngoscope, the medial thigh was selected as the fat supply area. SVF-gel was obtained by SVF-gel technology. The SVF-gel was transplanted into the vocal cord muscle and the paraglottic space. The laryngography was performed before and after the operation. The voice was analyzed and compared to evaluate the therapeutic effect. Results:SVF-gel was successfully transplanted in all 22 cases. The stroboscopic laryngoscopy showed that the vocal cords vibrated well and the glottis closed normally. The results of GRBAS showed that the voice quality of the patients at 12 and 18 months after the operation was significantly improved. The voice analysis showed that the maximum phonation time of the patients at 12 and 18 months after the operation increased. The basic frequency increased. The basic frequency perturbation, amplitude perturbation and standardized noise energy decreased significantly（P<0.05）. Conclusion:SVF-gel auto-transplantation can effectively improve the voice quality of unilateral vocal cord paralysis and the long-term effect is stable.

Study of health information needs among adolescents in Croatia shows distinct gender differences in information seeking behaviour.

Understanding the health information needs of adolescents is the first step towards providing them with relevant information to aid them in their decision making regarding health issues. The goal of this study is to assess adolescents' needs, perceptions and sources of health information. Four hundred sixty-nine high school students in Osijek, Croatia, participated in this study by answering a questionnaire. The collected data were analysed using basic frequency and non-parametric statistical methods. The most popular health topics identified by adolescents in our study were nutrition, diseases, depression, relationships, sexual intercourse and alcohol. Adolescents consider their parents the most reliable personal source of health information (72.0%), while they perceive the Internet as the main non-personal source of health information (29.8%). Adolescents wish to get more education about health issues at school (54.4%). Significant gender differences were found in adolescents' needs, perceptions and sources of health information. It is important to provide adolescents with systematic institutional health education and improve health advisory services and library/information services to assist adolescents in locating health information and resolving their health related questions.

Efficient sliding locomotion of three-link bodies.

We study the efficiency of sliding locomotion for three-link bodies with prescribed joint angle motions. The bodies move with no inertia, under dry (Coulomb) friction that is anisotropic (different in the directions normal and tangent to the links) and directional (different in the forward and backward tangent directions). Friction coefficient space can be partitioned into several regions, each with distinct types of efficient kinematics. These include kinematics resembling lateral undulation with very anisotropic friction, small-amplitude reciprocal kinematics, very large-amplitude kinematics near isotropic friction, and kinematics that are very asymmetric about the flat state. In the two-parameter shape space, zero net rotation for elliptical trajectories occurs mainly with bilateral or antipodal symmetry. These symmetric subspaces have about the same peak efficiency as the full space but with much smaller dimension. Adding the second or third harmonics greatly increases the numbers of local optimal for efficiency, but only modestly increases the peak efficiency. Random ensembles with higher harmonics have efficiency distributions that peak near a certain nonzero value and decay rapidly up to the maximum efficiency. A stochastic optimization algorithm is developed to compute optima with higher harmonics. These are simple closed curves, sharpened versions of the elliptical optima in most cases, and achieve much higher efficiencies mainly for small normal friction. With a linear (viscous) resistance law, the optimal trajectories are similar in much of the friction coefficient space, and relative efficiencies are much lower except with very large normal friction.

PENGARUH FILTER PASIF UNTUK MENEKAN HARMONISA (THD) TERHADAP UNJUK KERJA MOTOR INDUKSI 3 PHASE MENGGUNAKAN MATLAB

In every power plant there are several power quality problems that greatly affect apower system, one of which is harmonics. Harmonics are a multiple of the basic frequency ofthe system so that the waves in the resulting system are not pure sinusoidal and in the end cancause interference with equipment in the power system, one of which is an induction motor. tosuppress the harmonic content by adding a passive filter. Simulation using the simulink methodin Matlab aims to determine changes in the performance of the 3-phase induction motor atrotation and torque by adding a passive filter to suppress the harmonic content in the network.The simulation results obtained data and in the form of wave images analyzed for differences.On the motor, there is no change in rotation, namely 1498 Rpm and torque of 0.4682 Nm.In the network there is a decrease in THD when a passive filter is added to the currents in eachphase R, S, and T, which is 1.40% with a load of 3 motors.

Parametric Study of Impulse Semi-active Mass Damper with Developing Directional Active Joint

High-rise buildings can easily suffer structural damage from dynamic excitation, which can be reduced with a tuned mass damper (TMD). However, TMDs can experience detuning or large displacement of the mass block. To prevent detuning, a newly developed directional active joint (DAJ) installed for automatic decoupling between the control mass block and the structure is proposed. The switching timing of several weight ratios for this DAJ and the response weighted control law were investigated with the vector form instinct finite element method and the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method. A ten-story building under excitation of near fault and far-field seismic records as the original structure and under TMD and semi-active mass damper (SAMD) (VwnA1) control was investigated to compare the displacement reaction of the top floor, efficiency of shock absorption and change in the shock absorption effect when the basic vibration frequency of the structure was misestimated. With the SAMD, the structure’s maximum displacement reaction was reduced by 37–42%. Regardless of the structural frequency misestimation ratio, the maximum displacement and average root mean square absorption rate at the top floor was only 4%, and the detuning phenomenon had little effect on it. With the TMD, a higher or lower misestimation ratio of the structure frequency caused a worse shock absorption effect. The SAMD is less sensitive to the basic vibration frequency of the structure and can indeed prevent the detuning effect of the TMD.

In-Service Teachers' Experiences When Evaluating an Oral History Workbook

The implementation of the Common European Framework of Reference (CEFR) in English curriculum has led to the use of CEFR aligned foreign textbooks in Malaysian schools. However, the application of CEFR English textbooks from the United Kingdom has encountered a few oppositions as the advocates of Malaysian-based textbooks believe that English should be written contextually by emphasizing the local cultures and histories. In lieu of this, a group of in-service teachers in a Master's course had developed and evaluated each other's Oral History materials. The research objectives are to find out what are the material evaluation criteria frequently attended to by in-service TESL teachers when evaluating an oral history workbook and to what extent the in-service teachers have gained from evaluating oral history workbook developed by their peers. A mixed methodology research approach using basic frequency count, percentages and qualitative data was employed in this study. Data were gathered from 109 in-service TESL teachers via their Personal Reflective Journal (PRJ), which they had written after evaluating an oral history workbook based on Tomlinson's and Mukundan's evaluation checklists. The findings showed the frequently attended criteria by the in-service teachers and that there are new criteria that can be added to the evaluation checklists. It is anticipated that this study could encourage educators to develop their own classroom materials, for material evaluators to consider the English textbook contextually and for a revision to the material evaluation checklists to reflect current 21st century pedagogy.

Locally Differentially Private Heavy Hitter Identification

The notion of Local Differential Privacy (LDP) enables users to answer sensitive questions while preserving their privacy. The basic LDP frequency oracle protocol enables the aggregator to estimate the frequency of any value. But when the domain of input values is large, finding the most frequent values, also known as the heavy hitters, by estimating the frequencies of all possible values, is computationally infeasible. In this paper, we propose an LDP protocol for identifying heavy hitters. In our proposed protocol, which we call Prefix Extending Method (PEM), users are divided into groups, with each group reporting a prefix of her value. We analyze how to choose optimal parameters for the protocol and identify two design principles for designing LDP protocols with high utility. Experiments show that under the same privacy guarantee and computational cost, PEM has better utility on both synthetic and real-world datasets than existing solutions.

Oscillations of Slabs Supported on Point Supports

The urgent task which is addressed in this work is the development of methods for determining the frequencies and forms of vibrations, as well as dynamic reactions of thin slabs with various support systems, including those supported on point supports.The aim of the work is to develop experimental methods for determining the frequencies and forms of natural oscillations of slabs with holes and thin point-supported square solid ones.In this work, the frequencies of square slabs with free edges resting on point supports are determined; the dependences of the vibration frequencies of slabs from the coordinates of point supports and the dimensions of symmetrically placed holes; the arrangement of point supports, wherein the basic frequency of free vibrations of the slab is maximum; the frequencies, shapes, and decrements of vibrations of square slabs supported on four point supports were determined experimentally, as well as the influence of the presence of holes and the degree of pinching of the supports on the dynamic characteristics of these slabs.The article deals with the method and analysis of results of experimental investigations of dynamic characteristics of square solid slabs with holes.Comparison of experimental and theoretical values of frequencies of natural oscillations of slabs showed their good similarity.The results of this work can be applied to dynamic and seismic calculations of point-supported square slabs.

Interaction between planting spacing and wood properties of Eucalyptus clones grown in short rotation

Wood quality results from the interaction between the genotype of trees and the silvicultural conditions to which they were subjected. Based on this interaction, research on the factors that add value to the woody raw material has an impact on the production of various forest products. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of different planting spacings (3×1, 3×2, 3×3 and 3×4 m) on the wood properties of three 4-year-old Eucalyptus clones. The wood of each clone was evaluated based on basic density, dry mass, anatomy, structural chemical composition, ash content and higher heating value. For at least one of the three clones studied, the planting spacing explained the variations in the basic density, dry mass, diameter and frequency of vessels and wall thickness of the wood fibers. Regardless of the eucalyptus clone, the area of vessels, the length and fraction of the fiber wall, as well as the contents of extractives, lignin, ash and the higher heating value of the wood were not influenced by the planting spacing. In summary, the change in the useful area alters the properties of wood in eucalyptus genetic materials in different ways and intensities at 4 years old.

Structural and functional indicators of the heart of patients with ischemic heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Rhythmoinotropic response isolated myocardium at different levels of glycated hemoglobin

BACKGROUND: Adequate glycemic control can significantly reduce the risk of developing cardiovascular events. However, until now, glycaemic targets in aged patients remain a subject of discussion, especially in the conditions of the combined development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and ischemic heart disease (IHD).AIMS: To examine the structural and functional heart parameters in patients with IHD associated with T2DM and the rhythmoinotropic responses of their isolated myocardium depending on glycated hemoglobin level.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 44 patients with a diagnosis of "chronic IHD associated with T2DM", of which 2 groups were formed. Patients with glycated hemoglobin level (HbA1c) &lt;8% were included in the 1st group, and patients with HbA1c ≥8% were included in the 2nd group. The structural and functional heart parameters obtained with ultrasonography, and the rhythmoinotropic responses of myocardium in patients ex vivo were analyzed using the right atrial appendage fragments obtained during elective coronary artery bypass graft. The inotropic response of muscle strips at a basic stimulation frequency of 0,5 Hz to testing influences was assessed. An extrasystolic test and post-rest test were performed.RESULTS: It was found that extrasystolic contractions of isolated myocardial strips in patients of the 2nd group appeared at shorter extrasystolic intervals, which indicates a greater excitability of the myocardium in patients of this group. Postextrasystolic muscle contractions in patients of the 2nd group had significant potentiation. The amplitude of the muscle strips contractions in patients of both groups was potentiative after short rest periods. However, with an increase in the rest duration, potentiation of contractions was observed only in the group with a higher HbA1c level. According to the ultrasonography data, it was found that the values of the endsystolic and diastolic volumes, the interventricular septum thickness and the left ventricular (LV) myocardium mass were significantly lower in the patients of the 1st group compared with the corresponding indicators in the patients of the 2nd group. The early LV filling velocity (peak E) was significantly lower in the patients of the 1st group, which indicates a slower LV relaxation. At the same time, the rapid LV filling velocity did not have a significant intergroup difference, but this indicator exceeded the reference values in both groups.CONCLUSIONS: With a moderately increased glycemic level (9,2 [8,0; 10,3]%), the structural and functional heart parameters are preserved both at the level of the isolated myocardial tissue and at the level of the whole heart.