Basic Foodstuffs Research Articles

Analysis of behaviors and attitudes of bread consumption in Turkey: Case of the province of Adana

The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior and attitudes of bread consumers in Turkey in the province of Adana. The surveys were carried out in a simple random fashion among 100 households in the city center of Adana province according to social class. Analysis of the data collected shows that the behavior and attitudes of bread consumers in the province of Adana have changed over time not only in terms of quantity, types of bread and places of purchase. This change in behavior and attitudes is influenced by socio-economic and demographic characteristics such as education, occupation, household size, social class and monthly income of consumers. The increase in the unit selling price of bread significantly influences consumer behavior and attitudes. In a context where bread represents a basic foodstuff for a large part of the population, it is therefore important to develop policies so that bread is accessible to all.

Impact of Covid-19 on Interest Rates

The global economy is experiencing a crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the stock market index has collapsed. The rupiah exchange rate against the USA dollar weakened this was due to the large number of foreign investors leaving the Indonesian financial market, the stock market plummeted. The banking sector can carry out an economic stimulus given restructuring authority for all credit or financing without requiring restrictions on the credit ceiling or type of debtor, especially debtors for MSMEs and informal workers. The economic stimulus that needs to be maximized is prundential monetary and macro policies through lowering interest rates and maintaining stability in the rupiah exchange rate. Budget relocation is also enforced to maintain the availability of basic foodstuffs for the community, which has increased due to panic buying or market panic. Also providing assistance to increase people's purchasing power.

Észak-Afrika és a Földközi-tenger térségének geopolitikai kihívásai, különös tekintettel a mezőgazdaságra és az élelmezés-biztonságra

Most climate change models clearly indicate that the process will have more serious effects than average in North Africa, particularly on agricultural production. In parallel, current demographic trends show that population growth in Africa, including the Northern African region is continuous and dynamic, which requires more food, especially basic foodstuff, however, despite the fact that the continent has significant agricultural potential, it is not self-sufficient in food. The stake is high, as dependence on foodimport has to be at least stabilised or reduced if it is possible, in this region where the population is rapidly growing and climate change has several negative impacts. However, geopolitical stability of the region is essential not only for Mediterranean, but also for the whole European continent.Due to the effects of complex crises (such as economic, environmental and ecological), the development of proper international development policy strategies is ever more prevalent, in order to recover the economy of countries mostly affected by the migration threat, to create jobs and to reduce young people’s willingness to migrate. As agriculture has a vital role in this field, focusing on agricultural development programs is essential. Evidently, application of environmental friendly agriculture which can provide the protection and sustainable use of soils and water on growing areas is a key factor in this situation from an agronomic point of view. In socio-economic aspects the most important issues are eliminating conflicts which hamper sustainable soil management and ensuring generation change within farmer society. Development of infrastructure and trade routes is also necessary, furthermore, questions of water and water use, investments are important to underline. Investing in agricultural projects is initially an expensive, but recoverable solution anyway, and it is clear that development of agriculture research in these countries also serves long-term social objectives.

Who pays taxes on basic foodstuffs? Evidence from broadening the VAT base

We exploit the introduction of a 5% VAT on very essential food products (like fresh milk, coffee, yogurt, cheese) that occurred when an EU member state had to harmonize its VAT legislation with the EU VAT legislation. Preceding this reform, there was a removal of the zero VAT rate and imposition of 5% VAT rate on other food items that were considered less essential (juices, bottled water). We adopt a difference-in-difference approach as the price data support the common trends identifying assumption. On average, the tax was shifted fully to the consumer within the first month after the reform. However, there are differences even across seemingly related goods as some of them experienced overshifting of the pass through effect. The prices of goods in the control group did not change. These estimates are robust to alternative specifications and can be useful to other countries considering to broaden their VAT base by taxing basic groceries.

Intermittent Breaks of Public Order in the Moroccan Political Context

For more than twenty years, politics in Morocco has been witnessing a change in the cycles of protests under the influence of the parameters linked to the economic liberalization and evolution of the processes of disenchantment with a conventional political culture. The frequent use of repertories of collective action has not failed to shake the political and social landscape to the point that the demobilization of an area is followed by uprisings in neighboring sites. The response of public authorities varies according to the intensity and objectives of the social uprisings. This research is to study the evolution, over time, of the links between repression, the index of consumer prices of basic foodstuffs, and social uprisings. It covers about twenty years from January 1997 to November 2018. In addition to the descriptive temporal evolution, the work applies autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) modeling to examine whether there are short- and long-term associations between the variables mentioned above.

Disease Diagnosis Expert System At Chili Plants Using Bayes Method

The state of Indonesian is a country with a large part of the population earning a leaving in the agricultural sector, the agricultural sector in Indonesian contributis quite a lot in the development of long-term economic development. The role of the agricultural sector is as a source of producing ba sic foodstuffs, clothing and shalter, providing employment, and contributing to high national income. Chile is one of the agricultural commodities that are needed in daily life, Because this commodity has many benefits. Often Farmers detect disease that is wrong. To detect disease in precisely requires expert or expert in agriculture. The number of expert agricultural expert can not Overcome the problem of chili farmers, so it is needed a system where the system can help the work of an expert. In the expert system Dease In These chili diagnosing plant identifications using Bayes method in process. This expert system is implemented a in the form of a website the which aims to Facilitate access and use.

Household demand for basic foodstuffs in a recessed economy: a case study of Southwest Nigeria

PurposeThe economic recession that Nigeria recently passed through caused distortions in economic and well-being of Nigerians. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of the economic recession on households’ demand for basic foodstuffs in Southwest Nigeria.Design/methodology/approachData were collected from 380 respondents drawn from urban areas of Lagos, Osun and Oyo states using multistage sampling technique. Descriptive statistics and Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System were employed to analyze data collected.FindingsThe study showed sharp increase in the prices of basic foodstuffs during recession. Households were compelled to spend higher percentage of their monthly income on basic foodstuffs. Also, 51.1 percent of the respondents were government workers who experienced inconsistent or modulated monthly salary during the period. The percentage of households that were food insecure was 36.4 percent. Osun State had the highest monthly per capita expenditure (₦5,147.13) on foodstuffs, followed by Lagos and Oyo states while rice had the highest expenditure share (0.26), followed by yam (0.18), beans (0.106), vegetable oil (0.104) and garri (0.101). The breakdown also showed that 11.7, 18.1 and 17.7 percent of the total household monthly expenditures in Lagos, Osun and Oyo states, respectively, were spent on basic foodstuffs.Research limitations/implicationsThere purchasing power of naira reduced significantly during recession, thus compelled households to spend more on basic foodstuffs compared to similar purchases before economic recession.Practical implicationsThe reduction in purchasing power of naira affected the formal and informal sector. Irregular salary for civil servants reduced their expenditure on goods and services.Originality/valueThe study is original and topical, serving as literature of accounts that transpired among the households as far as demand for basic foodstuffs is concerned during the economic recession.

Integrisani sistem menadžmenta u pekarskoj industriji Leskovac

Of all the factors influencing people's health, nutrition takes the most important place. The normal growth and development, the resilience towards infections and diseases, aging before time and development of common activities are just some of the aspects of the influence of regular and safe nutrition on a man. A large number of disesases appearing with people is conditioned exactly by the nutrition with foodstuffs not safe nor regular. Cereal products, even bread as the basic life foodstuff, belong to the gifts nature offers to a man with the application of technology and certain engagement. In order to get high quality and safe, short-lived and semi-permanent products, apart from the use of regulated and standardized equipment, that is, the procedures of quality systems ISO 9001:2015, it is necessary to provide the food safety system (HACCP), which determines, evaluates and controls risks important for the safety of made products. The field of bread and pastry production is very sensitive from the aspect of quality analysis and the application of the newest standards, which requires taking of a number of measures - from providing and receiving raw material to the distribution of finished products. The aim of the paper is the review of the integrated management system in the bakery industry, with the emphasis on the quality of products.

Political Mobilization and Social Unrest in Rural Portugal in the Early Twentieth Century: The Example of Montemor-o-Novo between 1908 and 1918

This article studies the different expressions of political mobilization and social unrest that occurred in rural Portugal during the early twentieth century. To do so, it offers an investigation at local level, using as an example the municipality of Montemor-o-Novo, part of the Alentejo region, in the southern half of the country, and covers the years of unrest marked by the fall of the monarchy and the early years of the Republic (1908–1918). This research focuses on the analysis of three aspects: the acts of political mobilization associated with the republican movement; the expansion of associations and conflict associated with the workers’ movement; and the protests associated with the absence of basic foodstuffs resulting from the Great War. In doing so, the article aims to show how the rural Portuguese population in the early twentieth century played an active and dynamic role in the political and social life of the country by means of very different forms of collective mobilization (such as meetings, demonstrations, strikes and riots), resulting from a wide variety of political, economic, or labour-related circumstances.

COMPREHENSIVE RADIOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC MONITORING OF PARTICULAR SETTLEMENTS OF KYIV REGION IN 2019.

to identificate the main factors and assess their impact on the formation of radiation doses to the population of radioactively contaminated areas of Kyiv region at the current stage of the accident based on complexradiation and hygienic monitoring in the reference settlements in 2019. Comprehensive radiological and hygienic monitoring was carried out in eight settlementsof Kyiv region - villages of Ragivka, Lygovyky, Mar'yanivka, Zelena Poliana of Polis'kyi district and villages ofHornostaipil, Dytiatky , Pisky, Karpylivka of Ivankiv district. The content of incorporated 137Cs was determined withdirect measurement on whole body counters (WBC) samples of basic foodstuffs were collected to determine the content of radionuclides 90Sr and 137Cs, residents were interviewed about the levels of consumption of these products,and work was performed to estimate external radiation doses. Mathematical, dosimetric, radiochemical methods areused in the work. There was a further decrease in annual doses of internal radiation in the surveyed settlements in 1.3 times, bothin Polis'kyi district (0.041 mSv · year-1 in 2016, 0.030 mSv · year-1 in 2019) and in Ivankiv district (0.023 mSv · year-1in 2016, 0.018 mSv · year-1 in 2019). It is possible to state a slowdown in the reduction of radiation doses comparedto previous years: from 2010 to 2013, the annual doses of internal radiation in the surveyed settlements decreasedby 1.8-2.4 times, from 2013 to 2016 - by 2.3-3.6 times. The content of 137Cs and 90Sr in milk and potatoes in theinspected settlements is lower than the permissible level of the Hygienic Standard HS 6.6.1.1-130-2006 and the useof these foods can not significantly affect the formation of the internal radiation dose. The content of 90Sr in milksamples in the settlements of Ivankiv district is in the range of 2.1-9.9 Bq · kg-1 (in 2016: 1.3-7.4 Bq · kg-1), whichdoes not exceed the permissible level of 20 Bq · kg-1, but due to the dynamics needs further monitoring. The content of 137Cs in samples of dried mushrooms collected from residents of Kyiv region in 2019, as in previous years, issignificantly (up to 100 times) higher than permissible level, and has a high uncertainty - from 1.4 kBq · kg-1 to223.7 kBq · kg-1. It is established that the annual effective radiation doses of the population in the surveyed settlements in the current year are formed due to internal radiation doses that do not exceed 0.46 mSv · year-1 in Ivankivdistrict and 0.51 mSv · year-1 in Polis'kyi district, which below the RCT criterion 1 mSv · year-1. The main factor that forms the dose of internal radiation of the residents of the surveyed state of emergency of Kyiv region is the intake of 137Cs in the body with forest products, primarily mushrooms.

Effects of Four Different Food Additives on the Oxidative Stress Markers of Wistar Albino Rats

This work investigated the effects of food additives on the oxidative stress markers and liver marker enzymes. Food additives are products added to the basic food stuff with an aim of improving its flavor, aspect, texture, color, taste, and value. Thirty (30) Wistar rats were divided into five groups of six rats each. Group A received a daily dose of distillated water and normal rat pellet, Group B, C, D and E received 20 mg/kg body of Aspartame, Sodium Benzoate, Sodium nitrite and sodium sulfite respectively. The duration for exposure of these animals to food additives was 30 days and the groups were observed daily for general conditions. At the end of feeding the animals, blood samples were collected and analyzed. The result of the analysis showed that ALT significantly (p<0.05) increased with sodium nitrite and sodium sulfite while ALP increased significantly (p<0.05) with sodium sulphite. The oxidative stress biomarker, catalase showed a significant increase with sodium benzoate and sodium sulphite. The results revealed that the food additives are injurious to the animals. The toxicity of the food additives studied at 20 mg/kg are in the order of Sodium nitrite > Sodium benzoate > Sodium sulphite > Aspartame.

AN ECONOMIC STUDY FOR THE IMPORTANT FACTOR ON THE GAP OF FABA BEANS IN EGYPT

This research is aimed at investigating the evolution of the food gap of faba beans and its underpinning factors. Faba beans constitute the most basic foodstuff Egyptian diet. Among all legumes the beans crop occupies the largest acreage and provides the beans crop occupies the largest acreage and provides the largest volume of production. However, domestic production of faba beans is increasing falling short of its ability to meet the domestic consumption requirements. That is the food gap of faba beans is widening year after year. In fact the gap increased substantially from 73 thousand tons in year 2000 to about 650 thousand tons in 2016. By an increase of about 891%, this research is intended to study the evolution of the food gap of faba bean in Egypt During the period (2000-2016).

Impact of the demographic and socio-economic factors on the population health

Public health depends on many factors: genetic, climatic, environmental, behavioral, socio-economic, institutional. The article presents the results of a study of the influence of demographic and socio-economic factors on the characteristics of population health — population health index (PНI) and primary disease incidence by main classes of diseases. The study was conducted using the methods of correlation analysis with the account of differences between the RF subjects. The information base was provided by Rosstat data on the subjects of the Russian Federation for 2014–2016. The results of the study showed that the population health index had stable, significant positive relations only with the share of working-age people (%) in the total population, and negative ones with the ratio of women and men in the total population. Only urban population (as % of total) is significantly related to most of the main diseases. Urban population is less prone to circulatory system diseases, but more susceptible to infectious and parasitic diseases, cancers, respiratory diseases, injuries, poisoning and other external causes, that may be due to both the negative impact of the urban environment on public health and the higher detection rate of diseases due to the greater accessibility of health services for urban population. Among the socio-economic factors having significant correlations with health indicators were per capita GRP and population per doctor. In the economically more successful regions (as a rule, with developed industrial production) the incidence of circulatory diseases is lower, but the incidence of cancers, respiratory diseases, injuries, poisoning, and other consequences of external causes is higher. Quality of life index is significantly related to diseases of the respiratory and digestive organs. Characteristics of population health had no significant stable relation to consumption of basic foodstuffs.

Changes in plasma concentration of flavonoids after ingestion of a flavonoid-rich meal prepared with basic foodstuffs

Background: As flavonoids have a variety of functions, such as antioxidant activity, there is growing interest in the development of flavonoid supplements. However, there have been reports of DNA damage due to exposure to flavonoids at high concentrations in rats, which could suggest that a habitual intake of flavonoid supplements may cause toxicity. Therefore, we considered that ingesting flavonoids from a typical meal combined basic foodstuffs are safe because of unlikely to result high concentrations like supplements, and focused on the intake of flavonoids from a typical meal. Thus, this study investigated the absorption of flavonoids in humans after the consumption of a typical meal. Methods: On the first 2 days of the study, seven healthy volunteers were provided with low-flavonoid meals (flavonoid content below the detection limit by HPLC: less than 0.24 mg/meal) three times a day as a washout. A flavonoid-rich meal (40.44 ± 1.49 mg/meal) was then provided for breakfast on the third day. Blood was collected from all volunteers 0, 2, 3, 7, 8, and 9 h after the flavonoid-rich meal was consumed. After enzyme hydrolysis of the plasma, the plasma concentrations of flavonoids aglycone of quercetin, daidzein and genistein were measured using LC-MS. Urine was also collected and pooled 24 h after the flavonoid-rich meal was consumed. Thereafter, the urine was treated with enzyme hydrolysis, and the measurement of urinary flavonoids was performed. Results: Plasma flavonoid peaks were observed 8 h after consumption of the flavonoid-rich meal (quercetin: 4.29 ± 1.46 μM, daidzein: 0.51 ± 0.41 μM, genistein: 0.91 ± 0.73 μM). Furthermore, flavonoids were confirmed to be present in plasma even at 9 h after the intake meal. The urinary recovery of flavonoids was 3.43 ± 1.50% for quercetin, 13.87 ± 6.68% for daidzein, and 16.89 ± 11.40% for genistein. Conclusion: These results suggest that consuming a typical meal that combines a variety of basic foodstuffs delays attainment of the plasma flavonoid peak compared with consuming a single type of food or supplements as previously reported. In addition, the flavonoid urinary recovery were also reduced compared with those previously reported.

Determination of plantain crops associated with coffee environmental impacts on agroecosystems by means of Life Cycle Assessment: case study in the Southwest of Antioquia (Colombia)

Plantain and coffee are basic foodstuff of Colombian family standard basket, constituting important sources in the dynamism of the economy of the country. Given the importance of these products, five environmental impacts: global warming, aquatic eutrophication, terrestrial acidification, aquatic ecotoxicity and use of soil were evaluated in three plantain crops associated with coffee in Antioquia Southwest (Colombia), for this purpose RECIPE 2008 method with a cradle to gate approach was used. Surveys and interviews applied to owners and employees of the farms, and to agents related to the production chains were carried out to obtain primary data, secondary data were taken from Ecoinvent 3.1 database. Consumption of resources and emissions were assigned to a functional unit of 1 kg of plantain and 1 kg of dry parchment coffee. Production systems consisted of four stages: establishment/propagation, production, postharvest and distribution. Plantain system generated less impact than coffee, and the stages that contributed the most to the environmental burden on impact categories in both crops were establishment/propagation and production. This is mainly due to the manufacture and the use of fertilizers.

Does biasedness have women’s face in rural Indian Dairy Sector? : A review

Agriculture is regarded as one of the major pillars providing support to the rural population in their daily bread and butter. Due to growing rural to urban migration by men, there is ‘feminization’ of the agriculture sector (The Economic Survey of India, 2017-18). But this scenario changes to a different zone when we take into account the rural livestock sector in India. It paints a different picture all over. In India, the feminization of livestock production and animal husbandry had started long back even before the advent of Operation Flood in the 1970s. As of recent times, about 70% of the workers, 80% of food producers, and 10% of basic food stuff processors pertaining to the livestock sector are women. Instead of their considerable involvement and participation, significant gender disparities exist in access to technologies, credit, information, inputs and services owing to inequities in ownership of productive assets including land and livestock. There is an urgent need to correct gender biasedness. Recognition and support of women’s roles as livestock owners, processors etc.; needs to be strengthened along with their decision-making capabilities, which would promote the women’s economic and social empowerment providing a way to break the cycle of poverty.

Study of structural shifts in food consumption in the Russian Federation for the period 2013-2017

The paper presents the results of the study of the structural dynamics of food consumption by the population of Russia for the period from 2013 to 2017 per capita. The study is important to identify current trends in consumer behaviour in the context of food embargo and economic recession. The research methodology is presented by statistical analysis of coefficients and indexes of structural changes with a constant and variable base of comparison. The authors determined that starting in 2014, there are significant changes in the structure of consumed food products, which affect the structure of the retail turnover of food products with a time lag of two years. It has also been established that a 20% difference in the level of real disposable income creates a structural shift in the consumption of basic foodstuffs by the population in the range of 3-5%.

Characterizing the Drivers of Global Food Trade Growth in 21th Century

21st century is characterised by a steady growth in the global demand for basic foodstuffs. This paper reviews the drivers of this growth, through a descriptive analysis of the main literature on the subject, in order to synthesize the most relevant information generated by researchers and position the current state of the issue. The results of the analysis suggest that emerging economies have taken over in the increase of food imports; this is due to the potential of countries such as China, India, Brazil and Russia, which have become propellers of the global economy. From the developing countries, the increase in population and income are the driving forces behind the dynamism of world food demand, whose direct consequences are the increase in per capita consumption, the acceleration of the urbanization process in these regions and the increase in the consumption of products with greater added value. In developed economies, increases in per capita income do not translate into increases in the demand for food; rather, its role with respect to global demand is to promote it as they deepen the production of biofuels, the liberalization of the agricultural sector and the signing of trade agreements. Finally, the work concludes by warning about the uncertainties that surround the demand for food imports, including the crucial role played by climate change.

Amelioration Effects of Aphanizomenon Flos-aqua (AFA) on Hazardous Effects of Mixture (Sodium Benzoate, Mono Sodium glutamate and Chlorophyllin) Intake in Male Albino Rats

Background: Food additives are products added to the basic foodstuffs with an aim of improving its aspect, flavor, taste, color, texture, food value and conservation. Aim of the work: This study aimed to determine the effects of AFA against the hazardous effects of sodium benzoate, chlorophyllin and monosodium glutamate. Materials and methods: This study was done on thirty male albino rats with an average body weight 120-140 g. The animals were divided into three groups (10 rats/each) as follows: Group 1: control, Group 2: rats treated with food additives mixture (sodium benzoate, chlorophyllin, and monosodium glutamate) and Group 3: rats treated with mixture, in addition to AFA (blue green algae). Blood samples were collected, and the separated sera were used for estimation of some biochemical parameters (liver enzymes, kidney function tests, glucose, HOMA-IR, protein profile and lipid profile) and hormonal levels [testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)]. Results: The study showed an increase in levels of fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, activities of AST and ALT, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-C, VLDL, ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDLC (risk factors) in mixture group. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in protein profile (total protein, albumin and globulin), HDL-and testosterone hormone levels as compared to the control rats. On the other hand, these results turned back nearly to the normal values after receiving the AFA (blue green algae). Conclusion: the present study clearly revealed the therapeutic capability of AFA to fight the grievous effects of food additives mixture on major physiological parameters.

Amelioration Effects of Aphanizomenon Flos-aqua (AFA) on Hazardous Effects of Mixture (Sodium Benzoate, Mono Sodium glutamate and Chlorophyllin) Intake in Male Albino Rats

Background: Food additives are products added to the basic foodstuffs with an aim of improving its aspect, flavor, taste, color, texture, food value and conservation. Aim of the work: This study aimed to determine the effects of AFA against the hazardous effects of sodium benzoate, chlorophyllin and monosodium glutamate. Materials and methods: This study was done on thirty male albino rats with an average body weight 120-140 g. The animals were divided into three groups (10 rats/each) as follows: Group 1: control, Group 2: rats treated with food additives mixture (sodium benzoate, chlorophyllin, and monosodium glutamate) and Group 3: rats treated with mixture, in addition to AFA (blue green algae). Blood samples were collected, and the separated sera were used for estimation of some biochemical parameters (liver enzymes, kidney function tests, glucose, HOMA-IR, protein profile and lipid profile) and hormonal levels [testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)]. Results: The study showed an increase in levels of fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, activities of AST and ALT, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-C, VLDL, ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDLC (risk factors) in mixture group. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in protein profile (total protein, albumin and globulin), HDL-and testosterone hormone levels as compared to the control rats. On the other hand, these results turned back nearly to the normal values after receiving the AFA (blue green algae). Conclusion: the present study clearly revealed the therapeutic capability of AFA to fight the grievous effects of food additives mixture on major physiological parameters.