Basic Foodstuffs Research Articles

Politique Alimentaire en Algérie : Entre priorités économiques et contraintes sociales

Introduction. From its independence, the Algerian State has opted for a food policy, healthy, balanced, and accessible to all citizens, a policy carried out thanks to a very expensive food subsidy, and massive recourse to imports of basic foodstuffs. These measures have encouraged the increase in the country food dependency to the detriment of the harmonious development of the local agricultural sector, a strategic sector which should produce and guarantee the supply of the population, and meet their basic food needs. Objective. The objective of this study was to provide some objective answers on relevance and limits of food policy in Algeria, a policy that the state monopolizes and orchestrates in a difficult socioeconomic context, and which has proved to be inconsistent, and incapable of achieving the objective of food security targeted by the public authorities. Material and methods. This study was based exclusively on updated statistical, and theoretical data covering the post-independence period of the country (1962-2020). Data were collected from periodic reports and socioeconomic studies carried out by competent and credible bodies in the field. These sources concerned, in particular, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the World Bank (WB), the National Statistics Office (ONS), the National Council for Social Studies (CNES) , the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MADR), and others. These results were obtained through an operation of sampling, collecting and processing quantitative and qualitative information used in the field of quantitative and descriptive statistics. Results. The modest performances achieved in food policy in Algeria were the fruit of a policy of generalized subsidies and massive imports of basic foodstuffs (bread, milk, sugar, and vegetable oils). This ineffective policy did not achieve the objective of food self-sufficiency targeted by the public authorities; costed too dear to the public treasury and survived thanks to the oil rent; promoted the disengagement of the agricultural sector from its food mission and it failed to permanently eradicate the scourge of hunger and undernourishment. Conclusion. Food policy shows itself to be deficient in its actions and objectives. It survives on massive imports of basic foodstuffs in the absence of an effective contribution from the local agricultural sector. It remains very expensive due to the generalization of the subsidy policy. It remains fragile in the face of fluctuations in world oil prices, the main source of its financing.

Výživa obyvateľstva Slovenska v období budovania socializmu

The study aims to describe the most important changes in public nutrition during socialism in Slovakia. It explains the essence of the state Communist ideology’s involvement in people’s eating habits and the reality of socialist food production and distribution in the 1950s, when the acquirement of even basic foodstuffs was often accompanied by food shortage, bad quality, time losses related to food acquirement and high prices in some cases.

CURRENT STATE AND FEATURES OF FORMATION OF SOCIAL STANDARDS IN UKRAINE

The article considers the essence of economic category «food safety», identifies and characterizes its components, assesses the state of food safety in Ukraine and identifies the main factors influencing its state. The norms of Ukrainian consumer basket in the food part and the actual consumption of food products are considered and it is established that they do not correspond to the scientifically substantiated recommendations of complete nutrition of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine. The analysis of the average annual consumption of basic foodstuffs shows that during 2000-2020 Ukrainians began to consume more food products, so in general they began to eat better, but their diet is suboptimal. It was found that when determining the product part of the domestic consumer basket, a method used was the one that was developed more than 30 years ago and does not take into account existing new and modern product groups, and, accordingly, needs to be improved taking into account world best practices. It is established that the cost of the consumer basket is determined by the subsistence level, it is also the basis for determining the amount of pensions and the minimum wage. The level of poverty in Ukraine has been studied and it has been determined that low incomes of citizens do not allow them to eat properly, which has a corresponding effect on the, structure of food consumed. As a consequence, the share of food expenditures in the total expenditures of Ukrainian households is quite significant, which confirms Engel’s law, according to which, with increasing income, the share of expenditures on basic necessities decreases and vice versa. It is proved that the main reason for the irrational structure of consumer spending is the high level of poverty among the citizens of Ukraine. Doing the research, the conclusion was made, that it is necessary to put funds for utilities, rehabilitation etc. in the domestic consumer basket. In this case, it will be able to provide not only the minimum needs of the citizens of Ukraine, but also contribute to dignified level of life.

ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЦИЯ ПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ ОСНОВНЫХ ПРОДУКТОВ ПИТАНИЯ В ГОРОДСКИХ И СЕЛЬСКИХ ДОМОХОЗЯЙСТВАХ

The key task of the Food Safety Doctrine of the Russian Federation is to ensure that the population of the country consumes food products that meet modern requirements of healthy nutrition at the level of rational norms. The article presents a comparative analysis of the level of consumption of basic foodstuffs in urban and rural households for the period from 2010 to 2019. The imbalance in the volume of actual consumption of basic foodstuffs in comparison with rational norms in all households was revealed. At the same time, a significant differentiation in the volume and energy content of the diet was found between urban and rural households. The underlying reasons for the current differentiation in the consumption of basic foodstuffs by urban rural households lie in the income inequality of the urban and rural population and the level of development of the commodity infrastructure in the city and in the countryside. The implementation of the Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation is impossible without solving the issues related to increase of the economic and physical accessibility of food products for every citizen of the country, especially rural citizens.

State Response, Community Development, and Covid-19

Almost all countries in the world are being hit by the Covid-19 pandemic, including Indonesia. The Indonesian government is trying to take steps to improve the welfare of its people in the midst of this pandemic situation. This paper aims to analyze how the state responds to the impact of Covid-19 and how community development is being carried out in the face of Covid-19. This paper uses descriptive qualitative research with literature study methods related to government policies for the welfare of the community in the Covid-19 pandemic which is associated with the state response and the community development process in Indonesia. The results of this study show that the state's response is through issuing health protocol regulations, providing assistance to reduce electricity rates, distributing basic foodstuffs, and cash. The state also improves emergency response mechanisms, conducts outreach, involves the community, conducts tracing intensively. The state also faces obstacles, however input from the public and global organizations is used as evaluation material which makes further response increases. Meanwhile, community development in dealing with Covid-19 is carried out through active and sustainable community strengthening based on the principles of social justice, cooperation and participation from the community in making it happen. Keywords: State Response; Community Development; Covid-19

Strategi Bumdes dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Sidokepung, Sidoarjo

BUMDes is a social entity that pays attention to the interests of community welfare by providing social services from the BUMDes institution itself. This research will discuss the strategy of BUMDes in improving the welfare of the people of Sidokepung Village. The purpose of this research is to see how the BUMDes strategy of Sidokepung Village is in carrying out their activities to launch their vision and mission for the welfare of the village community and improve the village economy with a business run by BUMDes. This study uses a qualitative descriptive approach. This research uses W.W. Rostow as a theory of development. These study results are BUMDes, namely savings and loans and selling basic foodstuffs at low prices. It is a strategy for BUMDes to increase the independent entrepreneurship of the Sidokepung Village community with this assistance. However, those who know are the lack village resource potential and community awareness. Therefore, another strategy is needed: socialization with the community to create quality human resources to innovate with minimal village resources and facts on technology to provide extensive information about the BUMDes.

Зарубежный опыт совершенствования обеспечения продовольственной безопасности, как одной из важнейших основ обеспечения национальной безопасности государства (на примере Японии)

The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the problem of chronic hunger, which has worsened over the past decades in the world, clearly indicates that there is not enough food in the world to feed people. The problem under consideration continues to worsen due to such factors as: the effects of climate change, the unstable world economy, low agricultural production, growing poverty and unstable food prices. Thus, these factors have set new challenges for the world to produce and continuously supply the population with basic foodstuffs. In modern Japan, the problems related to ensuring food security on the basis of a strong interaction between the agro-industrial complex and the state are very active. At the same time, the problem of food security in the land of the rising sun differs from the world one. Since Japanese food security consists in increasing the self-sufficiency coefficient by increasing domestic production in order to meet the demand for both types of food related to traditional Japanese food and imported from abroad. Thus, in addition to understanding the problem of food security in Japan, this paper also focuses on the need to increase self-sufficiency in food.

Food Security in Terms of Economic Affordability of Food: Analysis, Opportunities and Prospects

This article analyzes the access of population of Ukraine to food and the real financial opportunities of its citizens. Empirical coefficients of elastic demand for basic foodstuffs according to the average income of the population per household were determined. The average annual indicators of change in total income and food expenditure per household were calculated. These calculations showed that the indicator “Economic affordability of food” almost a third does not ensure food security of the population of Ukraine. Based on the methodology presented in this research, the necessary total income of the population to ensure food security by the indicator “Economic affordability of food” and scenarios for its provision by changing the structure of food costs, coefficients of elasticity of demand for household income and resources and other variables were determined.

Трансформационные процессы и фактор питания в системе жизнестойкости жителей Крайнего Севера

One of the global challenges of our time is the conflict of man and human communities with the rapidly changing world order, which has an aspect lying at the intersection of culture and human physiology — the conformity of food behavior to lifestyle and the environment. The vitality and resilience of modern humans is subjected to special challenges. Comfortable conditions of existence in the modern world have a reverse side, expressed in diseases associated with sedentary lifestyle, psychotraumatization, violation of the usual nutrition pattern. These changes are especially noticeable on the example of indigenous peoples of the North, who have lived in relative isolation for a long time, as well as on the example of migrants forced to work in unusual natural and climatic conditions and, in general, abruptly and for a relatively short period of time (which does not allow "launching" the adaptation mechanisms) to change the whole habitual way of life. These categories of population are of special interest for researchers, including in connection with the reactions of body to changes in the food model. The idea of optimal food for the human body, formed in the course of nutriological studies, often contradicts the food traditions of peoples living in conditions far from being favourable. Since the end of the 19th century, balanced consumption of fats, proteins and carbohydrates was perceived as a civilization sign of mature modern society, and any deviations were treated as primitive practices. Over time, the approach to studying the lifestyle of traditional societies evolved from the perspective of the mechanism of human adaptation to different habitats. Traditions, including eating habits, are regarded as an optimum point of survival with the highest level of food, fuel and other material resources available in a given habitat. In addition to the problems of traditional and modernized food supply, the article focuses on the painful conditions associated with the disruption of the habitual way of life, work and nutrition of various groups of northern residents — in historical retrospect and at the present stage. Archive and literary sources, results of modern medical and social research and own field material (ethnosociological and biomedical) were used for the analysis. As a result of the generalization of the data set, which includes the authors' own research, it has been concluded that, in addition to ensuring the supply of basic foodstuffs, preventive medicines and high-quality preventive medicine for permanent residents and temporary workers in the Arctic, it is advisable to take into account the survival practices of indigenous peoples that have been developed over the centuries, creating the conditions for new settlers for assimilation. The credibility of these traditions is given by their high viability and their focus on the ethnic survival of indigenous people in the North.

Designing Accounting Information Systems for Primary Cash Receipts and Expenditures in Open ERP-based Retail Units (ODOO)

Over time, this type of cooperative business slowly begins to lose its existencedue to increasingly fierce business competition. This is because the role ofcooperatives, which is identical to the provision of basic foodstuffs for theneeds of the community, has now been taken over by the existence ofsupermarkets both in cities and in the regions. This is due to the influence ofthe industrial technology revolution 4.0 which requires business people tocontinue to be able to improve services and offer technology-basedconvenience so that it has an impact on customer satisfaction. This literaturereview aims to describe the role of the use of information technology systemsfor accounting for primary cash receipts and disbursements in cooperatives.

The Regulation of Farmer\u2019s Privilege Under Vietnamese IP Law and the Law of the European Union

The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants Convention 1991 (UPOV Convention) recognizes the need to protect plant breeders’ legitimate interests. Without breeders’ innovations, new high-productivity plant varieties can neither be created nor contribute to society as a whole. Without these new varieties, it is impossible to create new high-yield generations of plants for the benefit of society. The absolute protection of breeders’ rights, however, would create many negative impacts for society. In particular, farmers would have to pay higher prices for seeds if breeders’ exclusive rights were to be overprotected, which would also mean consumers having to pay more for basic foodstuffs. This would lead to food insecurity nationally or even globally, in contravention of the right to food as recognized by Art. 25 of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948. These situations represent the dilemmas that governments have to cope with in developing national economies. The concept of farmer’s privilege is an exemption that the UPOV Convention recognizes in order to balance benefits between breeders and farmers. Under the optional exception set out in Art. 15(2) of the UPOV Convention, Contracting Parties may adopt the farmer’s privilege exemption in national law. Vietnam’s Law on Intellectual Property contains the farmer’s privilege exemption, yet there are many loopholes regarding this provision, and in reality, its application is limited. This article analyzes European Union regulation on farmer’s privilege and the way in which this exception has been interpreted, and compares and applies it to the Vietnamese law.

Will agriculture beat the odds against Covid-19? The Covid-19 outbreak and its effect on agricultural supply in Turkey.

"The new coronavirus (Covid-19), which spread almost the entire world, adversely affected many sectors, both internationally and 30 locally. Households’ panic purchase have rocketed the demand for some food items in the early days. Besides, food safety 31 concerns have increased. This research aimed to uncover how the public perceived the impact of Covid-19 on the agriculture and 32 food sector. The online survey was conducted, and the data from 428 participants were analysed using the SPSS (v.23) program. 33 The third of respondents (30.8%) believed the outbreak would last between six months to one year, during which time food 34 shortages will occur (32.5%). While 27.4% of the respondents reported that they stockpiled food, 44.8% reported that if the 35 outbreak continued, they would stock up on food. Participants were concerned that if planting cannot be done, food shortages will 36 occur (74.6%), basic foodstuffs cannot be produced (67.8%), food imports (69.4%) and exports (74.6%) will be adversely 37 affected by the outbreak. The research found that if farming disturbed, food prices would increase (82.3%) and the government 38 should include agriculture-supporting measures (85%) in its economic measures."

NATIONAL FOOD SECURITY: STATUS, PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES

The production of food products in agriculture and the food industry in Bulgaria is important for the formation of the country's food resources, on which the national food security largely depends. The situation and challenges in providing the population with food are related to the stability of national sources for the availability of basic food products. In this regard, the report uses approaches to assess the situation, identifies problems and provides guidelines for the development of food production in the context of Bulgaria's membership in the European Union. Critical moments have been outlined and problems have been identified in providing the population with basic foodstuffs, where the reliability of domestic sources has a pronounced negative effect on the degree of food independence of the country, which as part of food security is part of national security.

Black Cookstove: Meditations on Literature, Culture and Cuisine in Colombia by Germán Patiño Ossa

Reviewed by: Black Cookstove: Meditations on Literature, Culture and Cuisine in Colombia by Germán Patiño Ossa Sandra Aguilar Rodríguez Germán Patiño Ossa. Black Cookstove: Meditations on Literature, Culture and Cuisine in Colombia. trans. Jonathan Tittler. University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State UP, 2020. 82 pp. ISBN 9780271086989. Black Cookstove, first published in 2007, and recently translated into English, provides readers a window into the culinary landscape and history of the Cauca River Valley, on the Pacific coast of Colombia. Patiño’s main argument is that the Cauca region is heavily influenced by African culture, which is evident in its cooking tradition. He explores cooking practices departing from the novel María, written by Jorge Isaacs and published in 1867. Patiño also incorporates references from travelers’ chronicles and commentaries written in the colonial period and early nineteenth century. Cooking, according to Patiño, is an essential element of culture, and it is cooking through which he demonstrates the process of transculturation in a Colombian region. Transculturation implies the mixing of different cultures to produce a new one. In this region, as in many other parts of Latin America, Spaniards, Africans, and Native Americans mixed and created a culture that is shared by all according to the author. The process of transculturation was not a peaceful one, as it was the outcome of wars, slavery, and violence. However, each group tried to survive and adapt to the region and in that way contributed to the formation of a unique culture. Enslaved Africans and Afro-descendants had a major impact in culinary practices since they were in charge of growing crops, fishing, butchering, gathering fruits and wild plants, and provisioning. Among Afro-descendants it was women who played a central role as they were in charge of cooking as well as raising children, both white and black, and preserving their music, dance, and culture. As Patiño notes, Afro-descendants represented the majority of the population by 1789, when a census of the Popayan regions revealed that of the 64,463 inhabitants, 41,484 were black and of those 12,241 were enslaved. Slaves represented the main workforce in María, as this institution pervaded in the Cauca Valley until 1852. Patiño highlights that although María portrays an idyllic world in which [End Page 164] slaves and masters coexisted in relative harmony, Isaacs was aware of, and denounced the iniquities of slavery. So even if female slaves are portrayed merrily preparing a traditional dessert called dulce de leche, which implied constantly stirring the thick mixture, they knew that any mistake could result in physical punishment. Patiño highlights the abundance and availability of food in the Cauca region. Food was always plentiful so even the poor did not experience hunger. Corn, yucca, and fish were the main ingredients of this cuisine. The Spaniards brought beef, sheep, goats, and swine. Cows were particularly valued. Cows produced milk used to prepare a wide variety of foodstuffs, such as cheese, butter, and dulce de leche. Sugarcane encountered an ideal environment to thrive in this region, and of course slavery resulted in great profits for masters. Spaniards also brought fruits, especially citrus, along with vineyards, olive groves, and other vegetables like onion and garlic. Plantains and coconut, basic foodstuffs in African cuisine, played a central role in the food of the Cauca River Valley too. Catching fish, as well as hunting wild animals and butchering them, were tasks in which only men participated. Men were in charge of cooking outside after fishing or hunting. If the master was leading the hunt his male slaves butchered and roasted the meat. Slaves also had to hunt bears and jaguars if they were eating the master’s cattle. For slaves, hunting was indispensable and dangerous, whereas for masters and landowners it was almost like a sport. Fish was an everyday staple due to the challenges of raising cattle in this climate. Beef was scarce and consumed jerked in most cases. Salted beef was a common ingredient of Chocó, a stew that included plantains and yucca. This stew, also called sancocho or ajiaco was prepared with other vegetables like winter squash and also...

УПРАВЛІННЯ СПОЖИВАННЯМ ОСНОВНИХ ПРОДУКТІВ ХАРЧУВАННЯ НАСЕЛЕННЯМ ЛЬВІВЩИНИ

Consumption of basic foodstuffs of the population is the important basis for ensuring human existence and vital activity. It is because of these circumstances that the implementation of management processes in this area is one of the important areas of human society. These are general areas of research on this topic. When choosing the topic of this publication, we limited ourselves to some components of this important problem, namely: annual consumption of food per capita, consumer prices for the main ones and their number, which could be purchased for an average monthly salary. employees in December of each selected year for the study. In processing the collected information, various research methods were used, among which special attention was paid to the dialogue method (its essence is that we form questions and answers are found in selected literature sources. As a result of such approaches in the research process As a result of these studies, it was found that consumer prices for food increased in the selected years much more intensively than the possibility of purchasing them for the average monthly salary of regular workers. As for the consumption of food per capita per year. Since 1990 and ending in 2019, is characterized by different levels of consumption of basic foodstuffs. These indicators usually depend on two factors: gross agricultural production, on the one hand, and the population, on the other, which is significantly decreased (starting from 19 90) as a result of migration of our citizens to the developed countries of the world in search of higher-paying work. Note that the most skilled and able-bodied workers migrate. To solve migration problems, it is proposed to develop a State Migration Program. With regard to increasing the number of purchases of food for the average monthly salary of full-time employees, priority should be given to raising wages and bring it in the near future to the level of the European Union, where Ukraine is heading. At the same time, it is necessary to gradually increase the salaries of employees, taking into account factors of both internal and external environment. First of all, it is necessary to take into account the ability of economic entities to increase wages, both in modern conditions and in the future. As for environmental factors, it is necessary to study and use the experience of developed countries. These problems should be solved gradually, systematically and comprehensively, taking into account the specific features of the domestic economy.

Nutritional and biological value of Hermetia illucens larvae biomass

Recent years a worldwide interest in the use of alternative sources of protein, in particular, protein from insects, has increased. Edible insects for thousands of years have been a part of the human diet in Asian-Pacific region and South America, while in the European Union, the USA and Canada the use of insects for food purposes is a modern trend that is determined by the care of the environment, global warming combating, etc. Thus, the legal rules governing the food use of insects have significant differences among countries. In the Eurasian Economic Union requirements to food are regulated by the Customs Union Technical Regulations. Since none of the Technical Regulations contains the name of such food as "products obtained with the use of insects", these products may be classified as "food products of novel type" which are subjected to state registration. Fundamental and applied research should be conducted as a part of this novel food safety assessment system, that include the determination of nutritional and biological value of food raw materials derived from insects, and toxicological, reprotoxicological, allergological experiments in vivo on several generations of laboratory animals. The aim of the research was studying and comparing the nutritional and biological values of Hermetia illucens larvae dry biomass and basic foodstuffs of animal and plant origin. Material and methods. Nutritional and biological value analysis of H. illucens minced dry larvae biomass, dried at 110-120 °C, was carried out on 83 indicators, which included determination of protein content and amino acid composition, determination of fat level and fatty acid composition, determination of the content of carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and trace elements, ash and moisture. Results. A study of the nutritional value of dry larvae biomass showed high levels of protein and fat (39 and 38%, respectively), while ash, dietary fiber and carbohydrate accounted for less than 20%. The amino acid profile had a balanced content of essential amino acids and was comparable to the protein of a hen's egg, as well as other animal products. The fatty acid composition of the biomass was characterized by a relatively high content of lauric acid (39.9% of the total fatty acid content), also found in some fruits and seeds of tropical plants; the ratio of other acids was more consistent with the fatty acid profile of fish oil. The dry larvae biomass contained carotenoids (0.23 mg/100 g), tocopherol (3.1 mg/100 g) and thiamine (53 μg/100 g) in amounts significantly lower to those of foods, which traditionally are sources of these vitamins. Based on the analysis of the mineral composition, the H. illucens biomass can be attributed to the sources of calcium, iron, copper and chromium. In terms of the content of the above elements, as well as magnesium and zinc, dry biomass significantly exceed the main food products of animal origin (beef, eggs, fish and seafood), and in terms of the content of potassium and phosphorus, it was comparable to them. Conclusion. The results of dry larvae biomass comparative evaluation with the basic foodstuffs of animal and plant origin evidence to its high nutritional and biological value, allowing to consider H. illucens as a promising source of complete protein, lauric acid, minerals and trace elements.

On Nutrition, Supply, Harvest and Purchase of Food in the Second World War

Due to the production of food and cattle fattening, the Slavonian and Srijem peasants were in the centre of interest of both the state authorities and the partisan movement during the Second World War. Both sides were very preoccupied with finding a way to win them over or force them to give the surplus to one or the other. Unwillingness to cooperate with the state authorities and partisans put the peasant’s both life and property in danger. Sowing, harvesting and other agricultural work were often only possible with an armed escort. The wheat harvests in the Slavonian and Srijem fields in 1942, 1943 and 1944 was followed by the destruction of crops, i.e. burning of wheat and the destruction of threshers. Despite such conditions, the local population managed to meet their needs, and therefore there was no famine. Due to the destruction of transport infrastructure and means of transport, in attacks by partisans and later by the Western Allies’ air force, it was difficult to transport the collected food. The population of Slavonian cities, especially workers and low-income civil servants, were in a difficult position due to irregular and scarce supplies in approvisations; and therefore, they were forced to purchase the basic foodstuffs on the “black market” at extremely high prices. The daily life became even more difficult in 1944 due to air strikes by the Western Allies and the Red Army air force. The paper gives a brief overview of these issue in the cities, mostly with examples from Brod na Savi / Slavonski Brod, and as for rural areas, mostly with examples from the mountain areas and to a lesser ex-tent from the plains, eastern Slavonia and Srijem.

How Quarantine Attempts to Universalize the Black Condition

Abstract This essay establishes similarities between control over Black bodies’ movement under chattel slavery and social distancing measures employed during the COVID-19 pandemic. Its primary concern is how protecting public health necessitates undesired movement on the part of marginalized, historically disenfranchised populations to secure supply chains and ensure access to basic goods, foodstuffs, and medicines for those sheltering at home. Structuring its claims within the critical race theories of Saidiya V. Hartman, Achille Mbembe, and Elizabeth Maddock Dillon, it draws attention to how an enslaved condition in which one lacked the right to choose to move or hold still is now being extended to a class of workers deemed essential.

Integration of Economic Aspects in the Research of the Agricultural Market of Ukraine

The necessity and importance of conducting agricultural market research was substantiated. Features of the process of marketing research were identified, taking into account the specifics of agricultural production and sales according to time requirements. The basic principles on the basis of which the algorithms for conducting market research are developed and directly carried out were determined. The main requirements for conducting research on the state of the agricultural market were outlined, the most important being objectivity, impartiality and independence from personal or political interests. The factors that should be taken into account when conducting marketing research on the state of the agricultural market were determined, taking into account both controllable and uncontrollable factors of the marketing environment. The stages of marketing research that meet the requirements of the agricultural market were offered. Gross production volume of agricultural products was predicted and trends in the whole branch were discovered, a polynomial trend line was chosen because the equation of this model has the highest coefficients of correlation and determination, and so it describes the dynamics most reliably. The agricultural market was studied in terms of marketing, i.e. from the perspective of two subsystems, the first of which is represented by the supply, and the second by the demand. It was established that the supply of basic foodstuffs is realised by means of domestic production, and the demand is realised by means of internal and external buyers.
 The overall price situation on the agricultural market in Ukraine was analysed and predicted. The contemporary features and problems of formation of prices for agricultural products are outlined. The research on the modern state of agricultural market gave a reason to claim about its development being rather steady, reaffirmed by the positive dynamics of gross agricultural production volume.
 Key Words: agricultural marketing, marketing research, economy, development trend, agricultural market, agricultural produce.

Analysis of behaviors and attitudes of bread consumption in Turkey: Case of the province of Adana

The objective of this study was to analyze the behavior and attitudes of bread consumers in Turkey in the province of Adana. The surveys were carried out in a simple random fashion among 100 households in the city center of Adana province according to social class. Analysis of the data collected shows that the behavior and attitudes of bread consumers in the province of Adana have changed over time not only in terms of quantity, types of bread and places of purchase. This change in behavior and attitudes is influenced by socio-economic and demographic characteristics such as education, occupation, household size, social class and monthly income of consumers. The increase in the unit selling price of bread significantly influences consumer behavior and attitudes. In a context where bread represents a basic foodstuff for a large part of the population, it is therefore important to develop policies so that bread is accessible to all.