Basic Farmland Research Articles

High Standard Farmland Construction and Soil Conservation Evaluation

In China, the quality of cultivated land is reduced, and the available cultivated land area is reduced. In order to ensure food security, the country has orderly promoted the construction of high standard basic farmland. However, there is a lack of reasonable evaluation on the high standard farmland. The evaluation of high standard farmland mainly focuses on the natural conditions of farmland and the suitability of farmland to social and economic conditions. A large number of recent studies have found that soil microorganisms have a significant impact on the quality of cultivated land. In order to evaluate the high standard farmland more reasonably, this paper attempts to add microbial factors to the high standard farmland construction evaluation, and build a more reasonable high standard farmland evaluation system.

The incremental construction land differentiated management framework: the perspective of land quota trading in China

Construction land plays a vanguard role in China’s rapid urbanization process. However, confront with massive loss of farmland resources, the highly centralized land-use planning and management system established by the central government in 1998 stipulates that the red line of 1.8 billion mu of farmland should be guarantee to ensure food security. A series of land management system innovations such as “the replacement of basic farmland in different places”, “the compensated supplement of farmland in different places”, and “the land conversion quotas transregional transaction” in Zhejiang province have received increasing attention, under the premise that neither dissipating the economic development efficiency nor breaking the constraints of various planning quotas. Inspired by the “three-phase” efficiency improvement based on the concept known as the “adaptive efficiency”, this article first proposes the inherent policy shortcomings as incalculability, inseparability, and uncontrollability. Then, adopting the mathematical model derivation and economic analysis tool, we demonstrate that the “general allocation + competition allocation + rewarded allocation” of new construction land quota allocation scheme has improved the three-stage Pareto efficiency. Relying on the network analysis of the cross-regional trading in Zhejiang province, the “time hotspot”, “regional hotspot”, Siphon effect, price fluctuation and inequality of opportunity are also observed in the process of trading. The authorities should play a quasi “wedge-like” blocking role in due course. It is therefore suggested that a differentiated management scheme should be adopted considering the variance in regional resource endowments and social ecosystem. This paper expected to shed light on improving construction land-use efficiency for China and other similarly placed developing countries.

A Multi-Objective Permanent Basic Farmland Delineation Model Based on Hybrid Particle Swarm Optimization

The delimitation of permanent basic farmland is essentially a multi-objective optimization problem. The traditional demarcation methods cannot simultaneously take into account the requirements of cultivated land quality and the spatial layout of permanent basic farmland, and it cannot balance the relationship between agriculture and urban development. This paper proposed a multi-objective permanent basic farmland delimitation model based on an immune particle swarm optimization algorithm. The general rules for delineating the permanent basic farmland were defined in the model, and the delineation goals and constraints have been formally expressed. The model introduced the immune system concepts to complement the existing theory. This paper describes the coding and initialization methods for the algorithm, particle position and speed update mechanism, and fitness function design. We selected Xun County, Henan Province, as the research area and set up control experiments that aligned with the different targets and compared the performance of the three models of particle swarm optimization (PSO), artificial immune algorithm (AIA), and the improved AIA-PSO in solving multi-objective problems. The experiments proved the feasibility of the model. It avoided the adverse effects of subjective factors and promoted the scientific rationality of the results of permanent basic farmland delineation.

Identifying the driving forces of non-grain production expansion in rural China and its implications for policies on cultivated land protection

The rapid expansion of non-grain production (NGP) on cultivated land is of increasing concern regarding grain security in China. Characterizing the developmental mechanism of different NGP types and their responses to current policies is essential for providing critical references for the improvement of cultivated land protection policy. This study was conducted to explore the driving forces of NGP expansion in Tongxiang during three periods (2000–2008, 2008–2012, and 2012–2015). We first mapped the distributions of four types of NGP using multi-temporal high-resolution aerial photos. Then, we identified the driving forces of different NGP types at the parcel level using multinomial logistic regression modelling with geophysical, proximate, neighbourhood and policy variables. Our results showed that the total NGP area in Tongxiang increased from 31.16 ha to 2491.84 ha from 2000 to 2015. Farming conditions, such as soil type and distance to rivers, contributed more than settlements networks to the expansion of NGP in the Tongxiang region. A continuous and significant neighbourhood effect was found among pond fish farming, nursery plantations and duck rearing, demonstrating the strong stimulation of converted NGP parcels to surrounding farmers. Surprisingly, the implementation of policies such as basic farmland and standardized farmland failed to inhibit and actually encouraged NGP expansion. The planning of the main-functional region of grain production had a positive effect on inhibiting the expansion of some NGP types at certain stages. Our study provides valuable insights into the driving forces of NGP expansion at the parcel level and its response to current policies. This study supplements existing research to fully understand the phenomenon of NGP from the perspective of land use decision-making.

Does the basic farmland preservation hinder land transfers in rural China?

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess the links between basic farmland preservation and land transfers in rural China.Design/methodology/approachThe Chinese provincial panel data from 2006 to 2016 were analyzed with the use of Arellano–Bond linear dynamic panel data estimations.FindingsThe basic farmland preservation policy negatively affects the land transfer rate. In addition, this policy is most likely to limit land transfers between local acquaintances in the major grain-producing areas. Further evidence indicates that the basic farmland preservation policy has a negative impact on land rentals in general. Considering that land transfers such as exchanges and take-overs are excluded from rental transactions between acquaintances, the policy’s constraints on land use are likely to hinder land rentals between acquaintances, which are market-oriented.Practical implicationsOverall, this study’s analysis suggests that the farmland preservation policy’s constraints on land use rights are likely to result in a major diminishment of the rural rental markets. Under this policy, land that is designated as basic farmland cannot be converted to another use. However, it remains possible to improve the productivity of agriculture through other means. These possible avenues for improvement include enhancing the efficiency of production through expanding the scale of farming operations and developing the social services aspect of agriculture (i.e. the basic farmland preservation policy is likely to realize more social revenue than can be gained from land transfers). Thus, the arrangement of the basic farmland preservation policy in China can be managed in a way that is both economical and reasonable.Originality/valueTo ensure food security, China has enacted several laws and regulations to preserve basic farmland, and it has promoted land transfers to improve farm productivity. Therefore, it is important to understand whether the basic farmland preservation policy restricts land use rights and hinders land transfers that could improve productivity. This study provides empirical evidence showing that the basic farmland preservation policy is actually not conducive to promoting land transfers and that it even discourages the market orientation of land rentals between acquaintances. In dealing with this issue, the Chinese Government should seek to balance the relationship between preserving basic farmland and promoting land transfers.

The Features and Causes of Spatial Planning Conflicts in China: Taking Urban Planning and Land-Use Planning as Examples

The conflicts in spatial planning are the main reason that restricts the sustainable development of land use in China, and it is also the main barrier to the building of “Territorial Spatial Planning System”. This study analyzes the conflicts between urban planning and land-use planning from the three dimensions of construction land, basic farmland and ecological land based on a land-use transition matrix with the central urban area of Liupanshui City, Guizhou Province as a case region, and analyzes the causes of spatial planning conflicts from the perspectives of the central and local governments in terms of their preferences and interactive relationships. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows. (1) Urban planning and land-use planning have comprehensive conflicts with each other in terms of the construction land, basic farmland and ecological land, i.e. the scale of construction land in urban planning is 154% of that in land-use planning, and the scale of basic farmland in urban planning is 88.56% of that in land-use planning. (2) Central and local governments are the two main stakeholders of spatial planning, and they have different preferences for the utilization of spatial resources at prefecture-level cities. The central government is concerned about food security, and therefore, pays more attention to the protection of cultivated land, while the local governments focus on economic benefits and the ecological environment, and therefore, pay more attention to construction and ecological lands. (3) The urban planning system is a bottom-up design system, which determines that urban planning mainly reflects the preferences of local governments, while the land-use planning system is a top-down design system, which determines that land-use planning mainly reflects the central government’s preferences. The policy implication of this study is that in order to manage spatial planning conflicts, it is necessary to manage the conflicts of interest among stakeholders.

Urban growth boundaries delineation coupling ecological constraints with a growth-driven model for the main urban area of Chongqing, China

As an effective tool for achieving urban “smart growth”, urban growth boundaries (UGBs) have received broad attention and application worldwide. In this study, the main urban area of Chongqing is used as a study area to explore the methods of UGBs delineation in mountainous cities. First, starting from the perspectives of basic farmland protection, ecological security, disaster prevention and safety, and topographic limitation, nine constraint factors were selected to comprehensively delineate a rigid, inviolable UGB. Second, in the context of urban growth demand and construction suitability, 22 human activity and natural condition factors that affect changes in urban land use were selected to construct a Markov-future land use simulation (FLUS) model for predicting land use changes occurring by 2020, thereby delineating an elastic UGB in 2020. The following results were obtained. The future land use simulation results based on the Markov-FLUS model were comparatively favorable, with the mean kappa coefficient reaching 0.8455. To ensure the sustainable development of the main urban area of Chongqing Municipality, the area protected by the rigid UGB should be mainly distributed in the “four mountains and two rivers” conservation area for a longer time, with an area of up to 3654.97 km2, accounting for 66.86% of the total main urban area. In 2020, the area of the elastic UGB for the main urban area of Chongqing is recommended to be 971.44 km2, accounting for 17.78% of the total main urban area. In this way, urban growth management strategies that are mainly based on a rigid UGB and complemented by an elastic UGB can be promoted in the planning and management of mountainous cities.

Spatial Patterns and Driving Forces of Conflicts among the Three Land Management Red Lines in China: A Case Study of the Wuhan Urban Development Area

The delimitation of three land management red lines (LMRLs), which refers to urban growth boundaries (UGBs), ecological protection redlines (EPRs), and basic farmland protection zones (BFPZs), has been regarded as a control method for promoting sustainable urban development in China. However, in many Chinese cities, conflicts extensively exist among the three LMRLs in terms of spatial partitioning. This study clarifies the connotation of conflicts among the three LMRLs. Moreover, a red line conflict index (RLCI) is established to characterize the intensity of conflicts among the three LMRLs. The Wuhan Urban Development Area (WUDA) is used for a case study, in which the spatial patterns of the three types of conflicts among the three LMRLs (i.e., conflicts between EPRs and BFPZs, EPRs and UGBs, and UGBs and BFPZs) are analyzed through numerous spatial statistical analysis methods (including spatial autocorrelation, urban-rural gradient, and landscape pattern analyses). In addition, the driving forces of these conflicts are identified from the perspectives of natural physics, socioeconomic development, neighborhood, policy and planning using three binary logistic regression models. Results show that the conflicts between EPRs and BFPZs, EPRs and UGBs, and UGBs and BFPZs are mainly distributed on the edge of the WUDA, inside Wuhan’s third circulation line, and at the urban–rural transition zone, respectively. The patch of conflict between BFPZs and UGBs has the lowest aggregation degree, the highest fragmentation degree, and the most complex shape. Logistic regression results show that the combination and relative importance of driving factors vary in the three types of conflicts among the three LMRLs. In the conflict between EPRs and BFPZs, the distance to city centers is the most important influencing factor, followed by the proportion of ecological land and elevation. In the conflict between UGBs and EPRs, the proportion of construction land, the distance to city centers, and whether the land unit is within the scope of a restricted development zone are the three most important factors. The proportion of construction land, the distances to the Yangtze and Han Rivers, and the proportion of cultivated land significantly influence the conflict between UGBs and BFPZs. This study aids in our understanding of the causes and mechanisms of conflicts among the three LMRLs, and provides important information for the “integration of multi-planning” and land management in Wuhan and similar cities.

广州市高标准基本农田建设现状、问题与对策

广州市高标准基本农田建设现状、问题与对策

Institutional transition and implementation path for cultivated land protection in highly urbanized regions: A case study of Shenzhen, China

Cultivated land is a key resource and environmental factor for human survival and development, and internationally, special protection is generally imposed on cultivated land. China conducts the most stringent cultivated land protection system worldwide, but the restraint mechanism of rigid control with pure administration cannot change the continuous decreasing trend in the acreage and quality of cultivated land. Shenzhen, which is the city with the fastest economic growth in China and a highly urbanized area with a non-agricultural population, has very serious issues regarding cultivated land encroachment, spatially fragmented distribution, and land abandonment, which has rendered cultivated land protection extremely difficult. In this article, the present cultivated land protection situation in China and other countries is summarized, and the acreage change, spatial distribution, and land abandonment of cultivated land in Shenzhen are summarized and analyzed. Then, we propose an institutional framework for the transition of cultivated land protection in Shenzhen, which includes spatial optimization, management innovation, and safeguard systems. The implementation path to the transition of cultivated land protection includes a basic farmland reformation project, spatial usage control and zoning of cultivated land, tender and bid management for cultivated land leasing, and management innovation for facility agricultural land. The pros and cons of how non-agricultural populations impact cultivated land protection and the compound benefits, including the political, ecological, cultural, and technical aspects, of cultivated land protection in highly urbanized areas are discussed. This article notes the potential risks in management innovation in facility agricultural land. The proposed institutional framework for the transition of cultivated land protection and its implementation paths provide a reference for cultivated land protection and utilization in highly urbanized areas and suburbs with a heavy contradiction between economic growth and cultivated land protection in developing countries.

Arrangement of High-standard Basic Farmland Construction Based on Village-region Cultivated Land Quality Uniformity

As an important constitute of land consolidation, high-standard basic farmland construction is an important means to protect the quantity, quality and ecological environment of cultivated land. Its target not only lies in the increase of cultivated land quantity, but also the improvement of cultivated land quality, agricultural production conditions and ecosystem environments. In the present study, the quality evaluation method and construction arrangement of cultivated land were explored to facilitate the process of decision-making and implementation for high-standard basic farmland construction (HSBFC) with administrative village as the unit. Taking the land comprehensive improvement project area in Quzhou County, Handan City, Hebei Province as a case study, the whole process of the study comprised of three steps: 1) establishment of the evaluation model of cultivated land quality uniformity based on regional optimum cultivated land quality, and construction of the uniformity evaluation index system from the aspects of soil fertility quality, engineering quality, spatial quality and eco-environment quality, according to the new concept of cultivated land quality; 2) calculation of cultivated land quality uniformity by grading indicators, assigning scores and weighting sums, exploring the local homogenization characteristics of regional cultivated land quality through spatial autocorrelation analysis, and analyzing the constraints and transformative potential of barrier factors; 3) arrangement of HSBFC according to the principle of concentration, continuity and priority to the easy operation. The results revealed that the value of farmland quality uniformity for the administrative villages in the study area was between 7.76 and 21.96, and there was a difference between various administrative villages. The regional spatial autocorrelation patterns included High-High (HH), Low-Low (LL), High-Low (HL) and Low-High (LH). These indicate that regional cultivated land quality has local homogenization characteristics. The most restrictive factors in the study area were the medium and low transformation difficulty indexes, including soil organic matter content, farmland shelterbelt network density, field regularity and scale of the field. In addition, there were also high transformation difficulty indicators in some areas, such as sectional configuration. The project area was divided into four partitions: major construction area, secondary construction area, general construction area, and conditional construction area. The cultivated land area of each subarea was 1538.85 ha, 1224.27 ha, 555.93 ha, and 1666.63 ha, respectively. This comprised of 30.87%, 24.56%, 11.15% and 33.42% of the total project area, respectively. The evaluation model and index system could satisfy the evaluation of farmland quality and diagnosis of obstacle factors to facilitate the subsequent construction decision. The present study provides reference for the practice of regional HSBFC, and a new feasible idea and method for related studies.

THE REAL-TIME MONITORING SERVICE PLATFORM FOR LAND SUPERVISION BASED ON CLOUD INTEGRATION

Abstract. Remote sensing monitoring has become the important means for land and resources departments to strengthen supervision. Aiming at the problems of low monitoring frequency and poor data currency in current remote sensing monitoring, this paper researched and developed the cloud-integrated real-time monitoring service platform for land supervision which enhanced the monitoring frequency by acquiring the domestic satellite image data overall and accelerated the remote sensing image data processing efficiency by exploiting the intelligent dynamic processing technology of multi-source images. Through the pilot application in Jinan Bureau of State Land Supervision, it has been proved that the real-time monitoring technical method for land supervision is feasible. In addition, the functions of real-time monitoring and early warning are carried out on illegal land use, permanent basic farmland protection and boundary breakthrough in urban development. The application has achieved remarkable results.

汶川地震重灾区恢复期生态系统健康评价

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 汶川地震重灾区恢复期生态系统健康评价 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201808081684 作者: 作者单位: 中国科学院城市环境研究所,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,中国科学院生态环境研究中心,中国科学院城市环境研究所 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFC0502102） Ecosystem health assessment of the Wenchuan earthquake hard-hit disaster areas during the recovery period Author: Affiliation: Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:2008年的汶川地震对区域生态系统造成了显著破坏。为了解震后区域生态系统恢复情况，从而为震区生态恢复策略提供科学依据，利用遥感数据研究了四川省汶川地震重灾区39区县2010-2015年的生态系统类型及活力变化，并运用InVEST模型评估了震区土壤保持、水源涵养、生境质量等生态系统服务能力，最后基于VOR模型并耦合关键生态系统服务定量评估了震区生态系统健康状况。结果表明：2010-2015年间震区湿地和城镇面积有所增加，植被和农田有不同程度的减少，但是Ⅹ-Ⅺ地震烈度等级区域内森林面积增加1309.77 hm2；震区生态系统活力均值明显上升，Ⅹ-Ⅺ地震烈度级别区生态系统活力增幅最明显，分别为14.84%、12.47%；水源涵养能力稍有降低，减幅0.46%，土壤保持服务增幅1.26%，生境质量指数无明显变化；生态系统健康指数（EHI）均值有小幅度提升，从0.6761上升到0.6853，增幅1.36%，Ⅹ-Ⅺ地震烈度级别区EHI增幅比其他地区明显，增幅分别为4.01%、3.48%，表明受灾最严重的地区生态恢复比较显著。但是，由于震区重建开发导致局部区域如宝兴、汉源、石棉、涪城、广汉、汶川西北部和震区北部部分区域EHI下降。未来应继续保持Ⅹ-Ⅺ地震烈度级别区良好的生态恢复趋势，同时也要重视震区中部平原地区的基本农田保护和南部、北部地区的自然生态空间保护工作，维持震区生态系统健康和区域可持续发展。 Abstract:The Wenchuan earthquake in 2008 caused considerable damage to ecosystems in China. The objective of this study was to better understand the ecological recovery of the Wenchuan earthquake hard-hit disaster areas and provide a scientific basis for the development of an ecological recovery strategy. In this study, remote sensing data were used to analyze the changes in ecosystems in in the Wenchuan earthquake hard-hit areas from 2010 to 2015, including 39 districts and counties in Sichuan Province, China; furthermore, concurrent changes in water conservation, soil retention, and habitat quality were also assessed using the InVEST model. The spatial patterns and changes in ecosystem health in the Wenchuan earthquake hard-hit areas were then evaluated quantitatively using the VOR model coupled with key ecosystem services. The main conclusions were as follows:(1) the area covered by wetlands and urban lands in the Wenchuan earthquake hard-hit areas increased from 2010 to 2015, whereas that covered by vegetations and cultivated lands decreased, except for the forested environments, in areas hit by the magnitude Ⅹ-Ⅺ earthquake, which instead increased by 1309.77 hectares; (2) the mean vigor of ecosystems in the Wenchuan earthquake hard-hit areas increased obviously, and the most significant increases in mean vigor occurred in areas hit by magnitude Ⅹ and Ⅺ earthquakes, where vigor increased by 14.84% and 12.47%, respectively; (3) overall, the water conservation capacity in the Wenchuan earthquake hard-hit areas decreased slightly by 0.46%, whereas soil retention increased by 1.26%, and the change in habitat quality was relatively small; (4) the mean ecosystem health index (EHI) of Wenchuan earthquake hard-hit areas increased modestly (by 1.36%) from 0.6761 to 0.6853. Notably, the increase in EHI in the areas hit by magnitude Ⅹ and Ⅺ earthquakes were more significant than those in other areas, with increases of 4.01% and 3.48%, respectively, which indicated that the ecological recovery was most remarkable in the most severely damaged areas. It is worth noting that in some regions, including Baoxing, Hanyuan, Shimian, Fucheng, Guanghan, northwestern Wenchuan, and the northern parts of the study area, the EHI instead showed a downward trend owing to the reconstruction and development of the Wenchuan earthquake hard-hit areas. Thus, to improve the ecosystem health and sustainable regional development of the Wenchuan earthquake hard-hit areas, the good ecological recovery trend observed in the areas hit by magnitude Ⅹ and Ⅺ earthquakes should be maintained. Simultaneously, more focus should be on the protection of basic farmland in the central plain area and natural ecological protection work in the southern and northern regions. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Cultivated land protection policies in China facing 2030: Dynamic balance system versus basic farmland zoning

The Chinese central government launched two principal campaigns to maintain the quantity and quality of cultivated land across the country and to continuously sustain a growing population. Dynamic balance system and basic farmland zoning focus on protecting the quantity and quality of cultivated lands, respectively. Theoretically, two complementary campaigns can effectively protect the quantity and quality of cultivated land. However, these policies protect the quality of cultivated land minimally. Dynamic balance system replaces basic farmland protection system during implementation by transforming from control planning to development planning. The process increases the conversion of high quality cultivated land into industrial and residential uses, with the supplementary of cultivated land with low quality, thereby reducing the protection on the quality of this land. This study adopts Yiwu City as the study case and analyzes the administration efficiency of dynamic balance system and basic farmland zoning. Evidence suggests that the delimitation of permanent basic farmland is a feasible system arrangement. The central government should deal with the relationships among policies to protect the quantity, quality, and ecosystem of the cultivated land. The government can arrange permanent basic farmland zoning as the core system for cultivated land protection and practice grade protection system on basic farmlands to strictly limit their conversion into construction land, which inevitably weakens the dynamic balance system.

Study on Illegal Governance of Facility Agricultural Land in China

This paper comes from the research project of the illegal governance of facility agricultural land in Yunnan province which be finished by the author independently in 2016. The main objective of this paper is to look for the ways and means of solve the problem on facility agricultural land illegality. Practice research method is adopted mainly, and literature research method is also be used at some time. With the development of China’s agricultural modernization, facility agriculture is developing vigorously, at the same time, facility agricultural land illegality is becoming a serious type of land illegality, so illegal governance of facility agricultural land is very important for china at present. Facility agricultural land illegality in China includes unique features, such as geographical distribution widely, hidden illegal way, changing land uses without authorization, occupation basic farmland illegally, etc. Which lead to facility agricultural land illegality is made up of parts: scarce land resource, lagged law, inadequate supervision, low illegal cost, weak law enforcement forces. Illegal governance of facility agricultural land in China need take measures from above aspects. The innovation of this paper lies in research the illegal governance of facility agricultural land in China systematically.

Delineation of a permanent basic farmland protection area around a city centre: Case study of Changzhou City, China

The delineation of permanent basic farmland will safeguard the production baseline of China’s agricultural development by securing easily appropriated, high-quality farmland surrounding urban areas, thereby strictly controlling the use of farmland (especially high-quality farmland surrounding urban areas) facing accelerated urban expansion. This study researched the delineation of permanent basic farmland in a typical region undergoing rapid urbanization. By constructing a systematic classification model, farmland was classified into matrix, edge, and island farmlands in order to analyze farmland contiguity and fragmentation. Based on the indicator requirements of various plans related to farmland, an evaluation indicator system was constructed in order to develop an evaluation model for comprehensive farmland productivity. From the perspective of farmland spatial contiguity and highly efficient productivity, a delineation model for permanent basic farmland was proposed to delimit the permanent protection and utilization boundaries for high-quality farmland around urban areas. The results show the following: (1) matrix and edge farmlands can intuitively display farmland contiguity characteristics; (2) comprehensive farmland productivity was closely related to farmland spatial patterns, supporting infrastructure, and policy management and protection; and (3) there was a high degree of spatial overlap between contiguous and highly productive farmland. The model took both comprehensive farmland productivity and spatial clustering into consideration in order to delineate permanent basic farmland, which is a beneficial factor in protecting farmland quality and safeguarding sustainable farmland utilization. It can also be used as a control line to limit urban sprawl, guide urban cluster development, and improve economical and intensive urban land use.

Sustainability of Land Use Promoted by Construction-to-Ecological Land Conversion: A Case Study of Shenzhen City, China

Rapid urbanization and rapid urban growth present great challenges to the sustainable utilization of land resources. This paper discusses the on-going process of construction-to-ecological land conversion (CELC) in terms of three aspects: land use, environmental effects, and system responses. CELC is compared to other current land conversion strategies in China. Taking Shenzhen City as an example, this paper introduces five areas in which CELC has been implemented since 2009, including basic farmland protection zones, mining areas, ecological corridors, inefficient industrial zones, and urban villages. This paper argues that Shenzhen’s CELC model can improve the ecological environment, control urban sprawl, and promote sustainable land use and, thus, serve as an example for other cities in China.

Spatio-temporal variation of agricultural land consolidation in China: case study of Huangshi, Hubei Province

ABSTRACTLand fragmentation and soil degradation are major barriers to agricultural production. Agricultural land consolidation (ALC) can effectively address these problems. A regional case study in Central China was used to analyze the spatial characteristics of the implemented ALC projects (ALCPs) from 2003 to 2010, and the planned ALCPs from 2011 to 2020. ALCPs were classified into basic farmland construction projects (BFCPs) and low-hilly land consolidation projects (LHLCPs). The spatial distribution of BFCPs and LHLCPs was presented on maps with a 1:10,000 scale. A comparative analysis showed that the landscape indices of the project areas varied significantly in different phases. The implemented BFCPs are more centralized in space than the implemented LHLCPs. The proportionality (p) was proposed to evaluate the rationality of ALC planning at the town level. Results showed an apparent imbalance of p values among different towns. Shape regularity and centrality are important criteria for selecting ALCPs at spatio-temporal level. The maps provide a patch-based overview of the distribution and aggregation of ALCPs from 2003 to 2020. The findings have implications on assessing rationality and time scheduling of ALCPs.

Housing Policies in Hong Kong, China and the People's Republic of China

This paper analyzes the housing markets and housing policies in Hong Kong, China and the People’s Republic of China (PRC). Both markets face housing affordability problems due to limited land supply, for which the solutions vary considerably. Hong Kong, China has adopted a railway and property development model, which involves close collaboration between the government and property developers in compact urban areas, while leaving most greenbelts and surrounding islands underdeveloped. Although the PRC has pledged to maintain a minimum level of basic farmland to feed its large population, this target has often been compromised due to local governments’ fiscal constraints and growth concerns.

乳山市土地整治规划环境影响评价

近年来，农用地整理及宜农未利用地开发、工矿废弃地复垦、高标准基本农田建设和城乡建设用地增减挂钩等各类土地整治项目取得了显著成效，但土地整治规划对环境影响评价的研究尚处于探索阶段，从评价理论到评价方法等整个过程还不成熟。因此，本文以乳山市为例，在全面分析经济环境、社会环境和生态环境影响的基础上，建立了评价指标体系——指标权重法，综合评价了土地整治规划对环境的影响。研究表明，编制乳山市土地整治规划对整个环境影响是有利的。研究中对部分指标采用专家赋分法具有一定的主观性，需进一步研究。 In recent years, various land remediation projects, such as agricultural land consolidation, unused agricultural land development, industrial wasteland reclamation, high standard basic farmland construction being linked with the increase and decrease of construction land in urban and rural areas, have achieved remarkable achievements. However, analysis of the impact assessment that these projects have posed on the environment is still in the exploration stage, which means the whole process from the evaluation theories to the methods is still young. Hence, this paper takes Rushan city as the study area, based on a comprehensive analysis of the influence in economic, so-cial and ecological environment, successfully builds the assessment index system-index weight and comprehensively evaluates the effects of land remediation on environment. The result shows that Rushan land remediation project is beneficial to the environment. Yet, the expert assignment method used for the study of some index is somewhat subjective, and needs further study.