Basic Factor Research Articles

Higher Educational Financing – A Utilitarian Approach

As a gate pass to a successful career, the educational loan, ideally, should bring utility to economically weaker students. The present study attempts to develop a Structural Equation Model (SEM) for educational loan utility, which springs out of job prospects from the basic factors, namely awareness, adequacy, utilization, effectiveness, and perception of loan financing on the one hand, and defaults in repayments, on the other. The study is posted to an uneven premise of a popular assumption among loanees that education loan is more of an aid and less of a retail product. The proposed model can decipher the research paradigm by delineating how different factors contribute to derive the utility of educational loans. The model articulates a strong tenet that job prospects (precisely with skills gained) and repayment (financial behavior) are the two core elements for the sustainability of the education loan scheme. The present study signifies the need to develop a standardised tool for the selection of potential candidates to assess their employability quotient to improve the quality of financing and is placed in the range of demand-side perspectives of educational loan financing.

The Human Rights of the Under Trial Prisoners in India

Abstract: The main important purpose of Criminal Justice is that victims, prisoners and also those prisoners who are Under Trial, they can not deny their Human Rights. Those days has gone where prisoners do any offence then they were lodged to pass their days in dark cells. Now a day’s prisons just like a reformative centre where they live, earn and changing their behavior and after come out prison they can collaborate with society. Here prison knows that it is a rehabilitation centre, it is a punishment not that place where there human right are violated and where extra punishment will be held. The open prison has come as a modern and effective system of closed imprisonment. This is helping in changing the traditional outlook of the Indian prison system and helps the prison to become more responsible, creative citizen. A basic and main factor that is necessary to understand high imprisonment rates is the way in which the system is liable to breaches of order like parole, probation or other sentences. In many countries parole is the contribution to overcrowding in prison

The transcription factor HBF1 directly activates expression of multiple flowering time repressors to delay rice flowering.

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s42994-023-00107-7.

Роль эндотелиальной дисфункции и воспаления при хроническом заболевании вен нижних конечностей (обзор литературы)

INTRODUCTION: An analysis of publications of domestic and foreign literature was carried out and a review on endothelial dysfunction in patients with varicose saphenous veins of the lower extremities was presented. We searched Elibrary and PubMed biomedical publication databases for the required information for the last 5 to7 years using keywords: varicose saphenous veins of lower extremities, endothelial dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction markers. Today, diseases of the cardiovascular system occupy a leading position with the most common of them being chronic venous disease that affects 10% to 30% of the adult working-age population of the Russian Federation. Varicose veins cover a wide range of conditions from minor telangiectasia to pronounced varix dilatation of veins and severe venous insufficiency with venous ulcers. The endothelium is not only a barrier between blood and tissues, but also a kind of endocrine organ that produces a number of vasoactive substances that maintain homeostasis and perform, depending on environmental conditions, both an antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory, vasodilating effects, and a procoagulant, inflammatory and vasoconstrictive effects. Endothelial dysfunction is considered by many domestic and foreign authors as the main link in the development and progression of many diseases, including varicose veins. CONCLUSION: Determination of the dynamics of some markers of endothelial dysfunction and connective tissue dysplasia in patients with varicose saphenous veins of the lower extremities is a priority direction in prevention of disease progression. Despite ongoing research, many aspects of the pathogenesis of varicose veins of the lower extremities are still unclear. Further study of the basic factors of the development and progression of the pathology of the venous system is important for elaboration of algorithms for effective pathogenetic correction and improving the quality of life in patients with varicose veins of the lower extremities.

BTF3 promotes proliferation and glycolysis in hepatocellular carcinoma by regulating GLUT1

ABSTRACT Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a grievous tumor with an increasing incidence worldwide. Basic transcription factor 3 (BTF3) is discovered to regulate the expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), which benefits glycolysis, a momentous signature of tumors, through transactivation of the forkhead box M1 (FOXM1) expression. BTF3 is highly expressed in HCC. However, whether BTF3 promotes GLUT1 expression through FOXM1 to modulate glycolysis in HCC remains unclear. The expression profile of BTF3 were determined by online database, reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. The role and mechanism of BTF3 in the proliferation and glycolysis of HCC cells were examined by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation, XF96 Extracellular Flux analyzer, spectrophotometry and western blot analysis. In addition, the direct interaction between BTF3 and FOXM1 was verified by dual-luciferase reporter and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Moreover, the role of BTF3 was also explored in a xenografted mice model. The expression of BTF3 was increased in HCC cells and tumor tissues. Knockdown of BTF3 reduced the cell viability, Edu positive cells, extracellular acidification rate (ECAR), glucose consumption and lactate production in both Huh7 and HCCLM3 cells. The expressions of FOXM1 and GLUT1 were increased in HCC tissues, which were positively correlated with the BTF3 expression. Moreover, a direct interaction existed between BTF3 and FOXM1 in HCC cells. Downregulation of BTF3 decreased the relative protein levels of FOXM1 and GLUT1, which were rescued with overexpression of FOXM1 in both cells. More importantly, overexpression of FOXM1 restored the cell viability, ECAR, glucose consumption and lactate production in both Huh7 and HCCLM3 cells transfected with siBTF3#1. Furthermore, inhibition of BTF3 decreased tumor weight and volume, and the relative level of BTF3, FOXM1, GLUT1 and Ki-67 in tumor tissues from mice xenografted with Huh7 cells. BTF3 enhanced the cell proliferation and glycolysis through FOXM1/GLUT1 axis in HCC.

CHARACTERISTICS OF CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE YEARS 1850-2100

This article analyzes the basic factors influencing climate warming, as well as features characterizing the current picture of this phenomenon and presents possible directions of its development in the years 2022-2100. At the same time, it indicates that there is a possibility to stop the current trend of unfavorable changes and transform the climate into a more friendly phenomenon for people and their planet. First of all, anthropogenic CO2 emissions should be brought below net zero, and emissions of other greenhouse gases should be reduced as much as possible. This requires focusing on the development of a low-emission economy as well as circular economy and RES, as well as continuous improvement of the natural environment and a rational end to the war between Russia and Ukraine and the creation of sensible conditions for common security in the "global village".

A decision support system for selection and risk management of sustainability governance approaches in multi-tier supply chain

Lower-tier suppliers' sustainability noncompliance and focal company's failure at meeting the expectations of the stakeholders to extend sustainability towards lower-tier suppliers carry multiple risks, tangible and intangible, to the focal company. It is expected that extending sustainability to suppliers at lower tiers through effective sustainability governance approaches (SGAs) can reduce these risks for focal companies. The existing literature lacks research on decision support tools using management science techniques to help decision makers choose the most suitable SGA/SGAs in a given situation and the risk management of SGAs in multi-tier supply chain. The present study develops a model-driven decision support system (DSS) using Bayesian network (BN) that can assist operations managers in selecting the most effective SGA/SGAs in multi-tier supply chain considering each situation. The developed DSS includes contingency factors and risk variables and their relationships which are identified through a systematic literature review and is applied to the multi-tier, sustainable supply chain of a multinational company operating in China to demonstrate its practical applicability. The DSS is then used in the risk management of the SGAs in multi-tier supply chain, which includes core steps such as identification of the contingency factors and risk variables, the prioritisation of the contingency factors and risk treatment. By Prioritising the basic contingency factors, ‘‘Focal company's sustainability knowledge’’ and ‘‘The specific nature of the materials sourced from lower-tier supplier’’, and ‘‘First-tier supplier's possession of internal resources'’ and ‘‘First-tier supplier's sustainability training’’ were identified as the two most important factors regarding their impact on the effectiveness of the direct and indirect approaches respectively. Detailed managerial implications related to the development and implementation of the DSS and the risk management process are also provided.

Eğitim Kurumlarında Görevli Öğretmenlerin Stres Yaşamalarına Neden Olan Faktörlerin Veri Analizinin İncelenmesi

The aim of this research is to investigate the data analysis of the factors that cause teachers working in educational institutions to experience stress. Teachers may experience professional burnout due to their educational and educational understandings, which may change in parallel with various social, economic and technological developments. When the literature is examined, it seems that the most important basic factors affecting teacher stress are personal, environmental and professional. Teachers, student-teacher and school-family conflicts in educational and training services, negativity in their relationships with colleagues, disciplinary problems, inadequacy in physical conditions, a lot of bureaucratic work, criticism of society, crowded classrooms, developmental delays in students, social and political pressures on educational institutions, rapid changes in the curriculum, workload overload, insufficient salary, lack of administrative support, whether they receive appreciation from administrators and inspectors, the belief that the teacher has lost control in the classroom and the inability to participate in management-related decisions, the teacher's lack of perceptions about their professional competence, the inability to perceive success, low levels of colleague and management support, role conflict and role uncertainty, the student's insensitivity, apathy, behavior that distorts and damages the environment may experience occupational stresses due to intense problems such as. Within this framework, it is aimed to identify the sources of institutional stress of a total of 54 teachers working in educational institutions affiliated to the Ministry of National Education located in Istanbul and to determine whether this situation differs according to various variables. The universe of the research consists of teachers working in educational institutions affiliated to the Ministry of National Education located in Istanbul. In the research, the data obtained were collected by means of scale forms. In the first part of the scale table, there is individual information, and in the second part, there is a rubric about the stress coping scale. In the evaluation of data, descriptive statistical methods, as well as SPSS for statistical analysis of scaling data.22.0 examination program, frequency, percentage (%), t test and one-sided ANOVA were used. As a result of the analysis, it was determined that the institutional stress levels of the participating teachers were slightly higher than the general average, unlike the results obtained from the studies conducted in the literature. Key Words: Educational Institutions, Teachers, Stress, Data Analysis

Collective Domain Motion Facilitates Water Transport in SGLT1.

The human sodium-glucose cotransporter protein (SGLT1) is an important representative of the sodium solute symporters belonging to the secondary active transporters that are critical to the homeostasis of sugar, sodium, and water in the cell. The underlying transport mechanism of SGLT1 is based on switching between inward- and outward-facing conformations, known as the alternating access model, which is crucial for substrate transport, and has also been postulated for water permeation. However, the nature of water transport remains unclear and is disputed along the passive and active transport, with the latter postulating the presence of the pumping effect. To better examine the water transport in SGLT1, we performed a series of equilibrium all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, totaling over 6 μs of sample representative conformational states of SGLT1 and its complexes, with the natural substrates, ions, and inhibitors. In addition to elucidating the basic physical factors influencing water permeation, such as channel openings and energetics, we focus on dynamic flexibility and its relationship with domain motion. Our results clearly demonstrate a dependence of instantaneous water flux on the channel opening and local water diffusion in the channel, strongly supporting the existence of a passive water transport in SGLT1. In addition, a strong correlation found between the local water diffusion and protein domain motion, resembling the "rocking-bundle" motion, reveals its facilitating role in the water transport.

Hypoxia induced responses are reflected in the stromal proteome of breast cancer

Cancers are often associated with hypoxia and metabolic reprogramming, resulting in enhanced tumor progression. Here, we aim to study breast cancer hypoxia responses, focusing on secreted proteins from low-grade (luminal-like) and high-grade (basal-like) cell lines before and after hypoxia. We examine the overlap between proteomics data from secretome analysis and laser microdissected human breast cancer stroma, and we identify a 33-protein stromal-based hypoxia profile (33P) capturing differences between luminal-like and basal-like tumors. The 33P signature is associated with metabolic differences and other adaptations following hypoxia. We observe that mRNA values for 33P predict patient survival independently of molecular subtypes and basic prognostic factors, also among low-grade luminal-like tumors. We find a significant prognostic interaction between 33P and radiation therapy.

РИТОРИКА ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ПРЕЗИДЕНТА НІМЕЧЧИНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ: СТИЛІСТИЧНИЙ ТА ПЕРЕКЛАДАЦЬКИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article describes extralingual factors, functionally-communicative features, stylistic means and ways of their translation in the historic keynote speech of the Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier “Strengthening everything that connects us”, delivered by him on October 28, 2022. Information policy concerns all public spheres. It preconditions functioning of the social system. Change of ideas makes provision for a change in political public rhetorics as culturally accepted logic of progression of events. Rhetorics unite people emotionally, creating their identity. Texts carrying the main rhetorics in the course of the war can be called ones of the main constituents of the process of strategic communications. Texts of political speeches of the politicians during the Russian-Ukrainian war are basic factors of creation of rhetorics of this war within the societies addressed by them. The basis of their impact on the audience is the complex of stylistic tonality creation. Stylistic tonality is the text category which embodies the concentration of expressive means used by the author in their speech activity with the purpose of representation of the essence of the subject matter and their personal attitude to it. The stylistic tonality of a text is created based on the functionally-communicative features – invariant features of the texts which are based on its extralingual constituents and are called for simplification of their reveal in the text, which is the task of the addresser. They serve as mediators between the extralinguistics of the text and its linguistic implementation. The main functionally-communicative features of the speech by the Federal President are “evaluativity” and “inventivity”. Stylistic tonality of the text is characterized by the usage of metaphors, epithets, antitheses and an anaphor, as a kind of distant repetition. The most effective translation transformations of Ukrainian translation of the analysed political speech are in-context substitution, word-for-word translation, selection of variant equivalent, substantiation, omission, substitution of one part of speech with a word of another part of speech.

Consequences modeling and determining of safe distance in the natural gas pressure reduction station using PHAST software (Case study: Borumi station in Ahvaz)

Introduction: Gas pressure reduction stations are one of the most important parts of natural gas distribution networks. Risk assessment in operational units is a suitable method to assess risks, and their results can be used for management and decision-making regarding control and reduction of its consequences without critical concern. In other words, risk assessment is a process that identifies risks, assesses losses and determines risk characteristics. The present study aimed to model possible accidents, the subsequent evaluation of the consequences, and determination of safe boundaries in the suburban natural gas pressure reduction station located in the Bromi area of Ahvaz city using PHAST software.
 Materials and Methods: In this study, possible scenarios based on the investigated background and utilizing the process data of the studied gas pressure reduction station, such as temperature, gas pressure, gas analysis, and meteorological data, and also using Pasquil's classification of atmospheric conditions the safe boundaries in the suburban natural gas pressure reduction station was investigated using PHAST software version 22.8 and. For this purpose, 6 possible scenarios were investigated in the selected atmospheric classes as well as the worst possible conditions. The consequences were evaluated based on different states of gas discharge, gas release, flash fire, sudden fire, and explosion.
 Results: Based on the obtained results, the areas with high-risk potential were related to gas release and explosion, respectively. Also, the highest risk range belonging to scenario number five was reported for a gas explosion with atmospheric class F and wave intensity of 0.02068 bars and equivalent to 358.5 meters. In this range, according to the damage caused by the explosion, with a probability of 95%, without serious damage, 50% of the windows will be broken, and therefore it can cause human injuries. Based on this, the safe distance in this station was determined to be 358.5 meters.
 Conclusion: Based on concerns about the lack of risk assessment studies over the initial phases and during the operation of the station, the study shows that determining the safe boundaries and high-risk areas along with the priority of risk reduction is very necessary. It can be concluded that the modeling of accidents and the evaluation of the resulting consequences along with the determination of safe boundaries is one of the basic factors in the health of the working environment of personnel and the general public.

The Incidence of Cholelithiasis After Bariatric Surgery in Saudi Arabia and Its Associated Risk Factors.

Saudi Arabia has one of the highest obesity rates (35.4%) in the world, and bariatric surgery (BS) has emerged as the most effective treatment for obesity and its comorbidities. Despite its effectiveness, it is a known risk factor for cholelithiasis. The aim of this study is to identify the incidence and risk factors that contribute to the development of symptomatic cholelithiasis after different types of bariatric surgery in Saudi Arabia. This is a cross-sectional study conducted among the Saudi adult population. The sample size was 706 participants who underwent bariatric surgery from all over Saudi Arabia. Data collection was done through a validated online self-reported survey. Out of 706 participants who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, it was found that the incidence of gallstones (GS) after bariatric surgery was 18.8%. The most incidence was during the first year of surgery, where the number of individuals reached 80.4%. The majority were in females (22.9%) and those who underwent Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery (51.2%). Patients who had a body mass index (BMI) of >25kg/m² significantly had a higher incidence ofgallstones (23.1%) compared to those who had a lesser BMI (15.8%). As the analysis showed, the medicationused to prevent the occurrence of gallstones can be considered one of the protective factors, where 85.4% of individuals who used these medications did not develop cholelithiasis. The incidence of gallstones after bariatric surgery was high, particularly within the first year of surgery. The increase in postoperative gallstone formation is correlated with hyperlipidemia and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass as basic predictive factors. On the contrary, the medication used to prevent the occurrence of gallstones is considered a protective factor.

Basic factors affecting the construction of a complete system of alternative methods of resolving disputes and conflicts in the field of public-legal relations

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to study the basic factors affecting the system of alternative ways of resolving disputes and conflicts in the field of public-legal relations. It is especially noted that the need to form an effective mechanism for resolving disputes and conflicts, including in the field of public-legal relations, is conditioned by the need to ensure the stability of the domestic legal system. At the same time, if we talk about the need to form such a mechanism that will not only work quickly, but also really relieve the official judicial system, then it should not be represented by some separate segment, even if it is quite widespread and effective, but by an integral system of components and a set of subjects properly prepared for such activity. The methodology includes a comprehensive analysis and generalization of scientific and theoretical material, as well as the formulation of conclusions. In the course of the research, such methods are used as: logical, terminological, systemic, etc. Results. It is recognized that the possibility of using alternative methods of resolving disputes and conflicts, including in the field of public-legal relations, among other things, is determined by the right of a person to choose various means of protection of his violated, unrecognized or disputed rights and freedoms. It is precisely in connection with such a conceptual construction, which is based on the possibility of choosing alternative methods and mechanisms, and not using those formed within the monopoly power of the state, that the question arises not just about choice, but about the choice of a wide range of alternative possibilities that are not can be achieved without the involvement of various entities in such intermediary activities, which by the specifics of their activities are tangential to various spheres of realization of public and private interests and have their own special professional and competence capabilities. Originality. It has been established that in the formation of such a holistic and maximally branched system in specific objective realities, the following is necessary. 1. To take into account the entire complex of spheres within which public legal disputes and conflicts arise and which can potentially and actually be resolved using alternative methods, methods and procedures. 2. To take into account the essence and subject of the conflicts and public-law disputes themselves in order to develop the most optimal methods adapted to the specifics of such disputes and conflicts and taking into account all their diversity. 3. Pay attention to special variable models of the use of methods and techniques approved by social practice (including on the territory of other states), which can be aimed at and entail the prevention, minimization and resolution of disputes and conflicts. 4. Take into account the provisions of "soft law" when building a wide range of components of a single system of alternative resolution of disputes and conflicts in the field of public-legal relations. Practical significance. The results of the research can be used in law-making and law-enforcement activities during the resolution of disputes and conflicts in the public-law sphere by alternative methods

Estimation of Forest Fire Burned Area by Distinguishing Non-Photosynthetic and Photosynthetic Vegetation Using Triangular Space Method

The forest fire burned area is one of the most basic factors used to describe forest fires and plays a vital role in damage assessment. The development of the NSSI-NDVI vegetation index triangular space method enables simultaneous calculation of the flammable non-photosynthetic vegetation (NPV), combustible photosynthetic vegetation (PV), and incombustible bare soil (BS) fractional cover in forest areas. This can be used to compensate for the calculation method that was based on NDVI vegetation index only by comparing vegetation cover before and after forest fires, with the omission of the NPV burned area. To this end, the NSSI-NDVI triangular space shape consistency before and after forest fires was elucidated through combustion and ash wetting experiments. In addition, the feasibility of the NSSI-NDVI triangular space method for the accurate calculation of the post-fire vegetation damage area was verified. Finally, the applicability and accuracy of this research method were verified based on 10 m spatial resolution satellite hyperspectral images from before and after the forest fire in Lushan, Sichuan Province, China. The NSSI-NDVI triangular space method was used to calculate the PV, NPV, and BS coverage simultaneously, and component transformation was used to calculate the burned area and burned site separately.

Importance of "meal first" strategy and effective situations of supplement use in elite athletes: Japan high performance sport center position stand.

The "meal first" strategy is traditionally recommended for athletes' conditioning. However, the importance of the "meal first" principle has not been detailly well documented in athletes' lives. Supplement use has recently become a common part of athletes' diets, but unmonitored supplement use can cause negative consequences, such as anti-doping violations and health issues. Therefore, this review summarizes how the "meal first" strategy and planned supplement use are important for enhancing athletes' health and performance. We believe that the "meal first" strategy is beneficial in terms of the following aspects: (1) consumption of multi-nutrients and other functional components simultaneously; (2) positive effects on psychological well-being; (3) contribution to athletes' health by way of mastication; and (4) less risk for anti-doping violations. Before supplement use, we recommend that athletes first verify their basic factors (e.g., diet, training, and sleep), given that the benefits of supplements are examined and demonstrated with the control of those factors. Otherwise, athletes cannot obtain maximal benefits from the supplements. In contrast, there are situations in which supplements in athletes' lives can be advantageous, such as (1) nutrient deficiency due to ongoing dietary characteristics; (2) interruption of meals due to disease; (3) inaccessibility of quality food during athletic travel; (4) difficulty preparing food due to societal restrictions associated with disasters or infection outbreaks; (5) having a meal before, during, or after exercise is difficult; and (6) achieving targeted intake of performance-enhancing ingredients is not practical. In summary, we emphasize that the "meal first" strategy is recommended for athletes' conditioning, but there are several contexts when supplement use can be more useful in athletes' lives.

Situation-Specific Theory for Health Management in Heart Failure.

This situation-specific theory was developed by linking concepts from Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory and standardized nursing languages with the purpose of explaining and describing the health management of outpatients with heart failure. This theory suggests that the health management of these patients is influenced by basic conditioning factors, which may affect individuals' health management capability and may interfere with the ability to present health management behaviors. Knowing the ability of these patients to manage their health will allow nurses to plan their interventions, which will reflect directly on a patient's quality of life, and reduce the chances of hospitalization and health costs.

Percepción de la calidad de vida de los médicos residentes de neurología y neuropediatría en Colombia

Tanto las entidades públicas en salud como las asociaciones médicas se preocupan por mejorar la calidad de prestación de sus servicios olvidando que uno de los factores condicionantes básicos de la productividad es el grado de complacencia que los profesionales tienen con su trabajo.
 Fue un estudio observacional descriptivo, de corte transversal, realizado a través del Cuestionario de calidad de vida profesional (CVP-35), validado en español, que consta de treinta y cinco ítems.
 Se llevó a cabo un total de veinticinco encuestas, edad media: 29 años. Los resultados en la encuesta de calidad de vida revelan en el ítem "Trabajo que tengo" que el 100% está en valores > 5 (Bastante a Mucho); en "Satisfacción con el tipo de trabajo" el 72% está distribuido en valores > 5 (Bastante a Mucho); en "Satisfacción con el sueño", 72% fueron calificados con valores < 5 (Algo o Nada); en "Calidad de vida percibida" 4% la calificó como "Nada", 40% "Algo", 44% "Bastante" y 12% "Mucho"; y en la variable "Estrés emocional", 76% puntuó valores > 5 (Bastante a Mucho).
 El estudio de calidad de vida profesional medida por el cuestionario CVP-35 mostró que la mayoría de residentes viven en estrato socioeconómico 3 y 68% no tienen vivienda propia. Una gran cantidad de residentes trabajan más de cuarenta y ocho horas semanales. Llama la atención que el 40% reportó sufrir de alguna patología. Las horas de sueño diarias son siete en promedio, lo cual es aceptable, sin embargo 72% no están satisfechos con las horas de sueño; pese a que 76% refieren tener una gran cantidad de trabajo y presentar estrés emocional, 72% están satisfechos con el tipo de trabajo y más de la mitad de los residentes consideran tener una buena calidad de vida.

The Establishment of the Legal System of Data Outbound Transfer from the Perspective of Comparative Law

Data are considered as one of the basic production factors, the cross-border flow of which has brought new development opportunities for the digital economy, but the unordered data outbound transfer has brought new challenges to national, public and enterprise interests, and the rights and interests of data subject. The legislation of different countries and regions has basically formed three paradigms: absolute prohibition, complete openness and conditional cross-border transmission. China should draw on the mature international mechanisms for the control of cross-border data flows, and combine its national interests and data protection realities to establish a legal supervision mechanism with hierarchical and categorical data management and control as the core, so as to realize the secure and free cross-border flow of data.

Adhesion of structural steel to concrete with recycled crushed sanitary ceramics aggregate

Today, the use of recyclable materials has been the focus of researchers around the world. The use of re-cycled concrete aggregates, although beneficial for environmental reasons, brings many problems. One of the basic factors is the presence of old mortar and impurities in these aggregates. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct comprehensive studies in this field. Hence, the paper presents the results of testing the adhesion of B500SP structural steel to concrete subjected to thermal loads in the range of 300–700°C. The concretes were designed exclusively based on waste aggregate made of precious waste ceramics and two types of cement: CEM I 42.5 R portland cement and Górkal 70 alumina cement. The method of direct pulling of a steel rod from the concrete cover (pull-out test) was used in the tests. The test results confirmed that the adhesion of the selected steel grade to concrete based on recycled aggregate does not differ from the results obtained for concrete with natural aggregate.