Basic Engineering Research Articles

The Application of Artificial Intelligence Planning and Scheduling in Photovoltaic Plant Construction Projects

ABSTRACTPlanning is one of the most critical areas within Project Management, with adequate task scheduling and resource management being of vital importance, especially at the project's outset. This paper introduces an Artificial Intelligence designed for the automatic planning of photovoltaic plant (PV) construction projects, encompassing various tasks such as engineering, procurement, logistics, construction and commissioning, and including the substation and transmission line, scheduling a total of 100 tasks, which constitute a basic Engineering, Procurement and Construction project planning. The model is trained using a total of 50 real‐case project plans for PVs. The results demonstrate that the model successfully and effectively carries out photovoltaic project planning, marking a significant step towards digital transformation.

Review on the development of the organoids

Abstract. Organoids, a novel field, were first experimentally supported in 2007 and began to be engineered around 2020. Organoids can be developed from stem cells or organ progenitor cells through the process of differentiation, or they can be created by changing the alignment of pluripotent stem cells throughout the process of cell differentiation. Organoids are exploited for the purpose of scientific research in the areas of human development, illness, screening of medications, and gene therapy. The study utilized a literature review method to examine the evolution of organoid production, new application, and technological advancements. Organoids have advanced from basic tissue engineering organs to being used for modeling diseases and providing more therapeutic options. Their progress is noteworthy and has the potential to be a significant approach in biological medicine research in the future.

Effect of Project-Based Learning Model on Creativity and Learning Outcomes of Basic Electrical Engineering

This study aims to determine the effect of project-based learning models on creativity and learning outcomes of Electrical Installation and Power Engineering students in the Basic Electrical Engineering subject in class XI of SMKN 1 Airmadidi. This study used an experimental method with a post-test-only control group design. The instruments used included learning outcome tests and creativity questionnaires. The results showed a significant difference in the learning outcomes of Basic Electrical Engineering between students who were involved in learning using project-based models and those who followed conventional methods. This indicates that applying project-based learning models substantially affects the learning outcomes of Basic Electrical Engineering in Class XI of SMKN 1 Airmadidi with a ttable value < tcount or 4.10 < 6.773. The project-based model also shows the level of creativity between students who undergo learning with a project-based approach and those who use conventional methods. These findings indicate a significant effect of the project-based learning model on student learning creativity in Class XI of SMKN 1 Airmadidi with a ttable value < tcount or 4.10 < 6.418.

Studying the storage index systems and geological storage conditions of CO2 in typical coal basins

Abstract In China, the geological storage of CO2 in coal reservoirs started relatively late. There are still issues with the index mechanism for choosing storage sites. This study has identified eight types of basic engineering geologic indexes, ten types of basic storage potential indexes, and three types of basic socio-economic indexes at the regional scale for the type of coal reservoir in order to grasp the areas favorable for geological storage of carbon dioxide and the potential for storage in China. These categories are based on the results of current research and engineering practice both domestically and internationally.

Developing Videos Through Project-Based Learning: Improving Aviation Cadets’ Basic Airport Civil Engineering

This study aimed to explain project-based learning (PjBL) in the context of making airside and landside learning videos for aviation cadets and measure the effectiveness of the learning videos in improving their understanding of basic airport civil engineering material. This study used ADDIE development method to develop learning videos integrated in a project-based learning process with a quantitative approach. There were 48 cadets included in this study selected using a purposive sampling technique. A total of 24 cadets joined the control class taught using conventional learning method and a total of 24 cadets participated in the experimental class taught using PjBL by developing learning videos. Data were collected using needs analysis questionnaire, rating scale for understanding basic airport civil engineering material, and validation sheet. The obtained data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and t-test to address the research questions. Results showed that the cadets were able to develop valid learning videos through ADDIE procedure and they could increase their understanding on basic airport civil engineering significantly (F = 3.533; t = .969; p = .000).

Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Interaktif Berbasis Video (Powtoon) pada Pelajaran Teknik Dasar Administrasi Perkantoran Kelas X OTKP di Smk Tunas Pembangunan

This research aims to develop video-based interactive learning media (Powtoon) for the subject of Basic Engineering of Office Administration in class X OTKP SMK Tunas Pempembangunan and evaluate its feasibility. This research uses the type of R&D (Research and Development) research. The Research and Development method is useful in producing a video-based interactive learning media product and the use of R&D research will test the feasibility of the product made. Results: Developing Powtoon's interactive video-based learning media using research and development (R&D) methods, also known as Research and Development. ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model. This research only came to development because of a very limited time. The results of the eligibility of media experts were 73% with the category of "Feasible", while the results of the feasibility of material experts were 96% with the category of "Very Feasible" which was carried out at SMK Tunas Pempembangunan .

Use of Information and Communication Technology in Virtual Laboratory Use Instructions

This project aims to enhance the Basic Telecommunications Engineering practicum by leveraging advancements in information and communication technology through digital transformation. The virtual lab addresses challenges such as limited equipment availability and obstacles preventing physical attendance, allowing practicums to be conducted remotely and on schedule. The virtual lab not only supports students in completing their practicum regardless of location and time constraints but also aims to improve the quality of education. Students must register with a username and password to access the Digital Transformation Practicum. Future developments include web-based practicum opportunities, further expanding online education for the course. Research indicates that, with a stable internet connection, virtual laboratory technology can be sustainably utilized to benefit students' learning experience.

Analysis of Misconceptions and Errors Regarding Exponential and Radical Expressions Through the Theory of Reducing Abstraction

Investigating the reasons for misconceptions and errors is essential and important for making improvements in mathematics teaching. The idea of reducing abstraction, utilized as the framework for this research, can essentially be based on students' tendency to work with a lower abstraction level than the concepts they encounter in the course or what experts (mathematicians, teachers, etc.) expect from them. Since the process of reducing abstraction often occurs unconsciously, it can lead to misconceptions and errors. Exponential and radical expressions, which students first encounter in secondary school, are significant topics in mathematics, offering ease of representation and various calculations in many fields of basic sciences and engineering. Research on exponential and radical expressions, perceived by secondary and high school students as a collection of unnecessary formulas unrelated to daily life and difficult to understand, has revealed various misconceptions and errors. In this study, through the theory of reducing abstraction, the possible reasons for the misconceptions and errors revealed by research will be interpreted from an alternative viewpoint. Thus, a new perspective on student approaches regarding these subjects will be provided to teachers and mathematics educators.

Implementation and Preliminary Evaluation of an Entrepreneurship, Biomedical Innovation, and Design Pathway in a School of Medicine Curriculum.

New educational curricula are emerging to train physicians to practice healthcare in the 21st century. The University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School T.H. Chan School of Medicine (UMass Chan) implemented an MD curriculum redesign in the fall of 2022 that included seven educational pathways, including Entrepreneurship, Biomedical Innovation and Design. This pathway is modeled after the I-Corps curriculum with added material regarding engineering design. This manuscript describes this pathway curriculum and provides preliminary evaluation data and learning outcomes. First-year (Class of 2027) and second-year (Class of 2026) pathway students were invited to participate in online surveys evaluating course material and their knowledge of course content. Course evaluations and self-assessments were performed on a 4 or 5 point Likert scale. The material assessment comprised of multiple-choice questions; some had four options while others had five. Simple means were calculated for each question of the self-assessment, and as an aggregate. A two-sample t-test was performed using those means to assess statistical significance. A distribution of correct and incorrect answers was generated between the pre and post survey results, and a chi-squared analysis was used to determine whether the two correct/incorrect distributions were significantly different. Initial results show that the program was well received, with 15/20 (75%) of first year students rating the experience as good or excellent and 8/10 (80%) of second year students rating the experience as good or excellent. Three lectures were provided during the Fall 2023 semester to 11 second-year students. Results of self-assessment of student comfort and understanding of engineering content significantly improved after delivery of these lectures. Objective student knowledge also significantly improved. This new pathway curriculum at UMass Chan is designed to introduce students to the principles of innovation, entrepreneurship, and technology commercialization. An element of this pathway focused on basic engineering principles provided students with baseline understandings of biomedical design, human factors, and risk/hazard analysis. Despite small sample sizes, the results show improvements in student comfort with the material and knowledge. Novel curricula have the potential to transform medical education and prepare future physicians to practice healthcare in the 21st Century.

Analysis of Public Health Care Safeguard Measures in India

Public health is a branch of science that focuses on preventing disease and injuries in large populations by doing research, educating the public, and creating policies that promote health in all communities. Each person may define public health in a different way. In order to address global health issues, address community-wide health issues, and influence global health policies at both local and global levels, public health is a field of study that encompasses a variety of academic fields, including basic science, commerce, the arts, education, technology, engineering, computer science, pharmacy, and bioscience. Excluding the effects of non-intellectual property barriers like distribution, infrastructure, quality, and medical facilities, the goal of this study is to examine the public health barriers to intellectual property that affect medical access. This study aims to investigate how patent law protects drug accessibility while taking drug prices into consideration.

Exploring teachers’ epistemological framing through classroom discourse in 6E-STEM classes: From perception to practice

This study investigated teachers’ enactments in 6E-STEM implementation with technology integration. Teachers’ professional development utilized coaching and examining teaching and learning as strategies. Coaches trained three Vietnamese teachers for content, pedagogical content, and technological pedagogical knowledge through intensive STEM curriculum examples. Basic electrical engineering and application of technology for science learning curriculum was designed in 6E instructional model. In addition, CloudClassRoom was integrated with the curriculum to record students’ performance. After coaching, three teachers had practical teaching with 107 students in junior high schools. Each class was implemented in three classes. Examining teaching and learning was conducted to investigate teachers’ epistemological framing in teaching 6E-STEM. Classroom videotapes, and teachers’ responses to interviews were analyzed by NVivo. The key results show that <i>delivering an artifact </i>was a function of teachers’ framings in STEM teaching. However, teachers desired students to provide engineering knowledge, socialize scientific explanations, or develop students’ creativities depending on the individual.

Profiling of collagen and extracellular matrix deposition from cell culture using in vitro ExtraCellular matrix mass spectrometry imaging (ivECM-MSI)

While numerous approaches have been reported towards understanding single cell regulation, there is limited understanding of single cell production of extracellular matrix phenotypes. Collagens are major proteins of the extracellular microenvironment extensively used in basic cell culture, tissue engineering, and biomedical applications. However, identifying compositional regulation of collagen remains challenging. Here, we report the development of In vitro ExtraCellular Matrix Mass Spectrometry Imaging (ivECM-MSI) as a tool to rapidly and simultaneously define collagen subtypes from coatings and basic cell culture applications. The tool uses the mass spectrometry imaging platform with reference libraries to produce visual and numerical data types. The method is highly integrated with basic in vitro strategies as it may be used with conventional cell chambers on minimal numbers of cells and with minimal changes to biological experiments. Applications tested include semi-quantitation of collagen composition in culture coatings, time course collagen deposition, deposition altered by gene knockout, and changes induced by drug treatment. This approach provides new access to proteomic information on how cell types respond to and change the extracellular microenvironment and provides a holistic understanding of both the cell and extracellular response.

A novel luciferase-based reporter tool to monitor the dynamics of carbon catabolite repression in filamentous fungi.

Filamentous fungi with their diverse inventory of carbohydrate-active enzymes promise a holistic usage of lignocellulosic residues. A major challenge for application is the inherent repression of enzyme production by carbon catabolite repression (CCR). In the presence of preferred carbon sources, the transcription factor CreA/CRE-1 binds to specific but conserved motifs in promoters of genes involved in sugar metabolism, but the status of CCR is notoriously difficult to quantify. To allow for a real-time evaluation of CreA/CRE-1-mediated CCR at the transcriptional level, we developed a luciferase-based construct, representing a dynamic, highly responsive reporter system that is inhibited by monosaccharides in a quantitative fashion. Using this tool, CreA/CRE-1-dependent CCR triggered by several monosaccharides could be measured in Neurospora crassa, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus nidulans over the course of hours, demonstrating distinct and dynamic regulatory processes. Furthermore, we used the reporter to visualize the direct impacts of multiple CreA truncations on CCR induction. Our reporter thus offers a widely applicable quantitative approach to evaluate CreA/CRE-1-mediated CCR across diverse fungal species and will help to elucidate the multifaceted effects of CCR on fungal physiology for both basic research and industrial strain engineering endeavours.

Development of Multimedia Learning Android on Basic Network Engineering Orientation Material Computer and Telecommunication Vocational Schools

Development of Multimedia Learning Android on Basic Network Engineering Orientation Material Computer and Telecommunication Vocational Schools

Development of novel osteochondral scaffolds and related in vitro environment with the aid of chemical engineering principles

In tissue engineering, collaboration among experts from different fields is needed to design appropriate cell scaffolds and the required three-dimensional environment. Osteochondral tissue engineering is particularly challenging due to the need to provide scaffolds that imitate structural and compositional differences between two neighboring tissues, articular cartilage and bone, and the required complex biophysical environments for cultivating such scaffolds. This work focuses on two key objectives: first, to develop bilayered osteochondral scaffolds based on gellan gum and bioactive glass and, second, to create a biomimetic environment for scaffold characterization by designing and utilizing novel dual-medium cultivation bioreactor chambers. Basic chemical engineering principles were utilized to help achieve both aims. First, a simple heat transport model based on one-dimensional conduction was applied as a guideline for bilayer scaffold preparation, leading to the formation of a gelatinous upper part and a macroporous lower part with a thin, well-integrated interfacial zone. Second, a novel cultivation chamber was developed to be used in a dynamic compression bioreactor to provide possibilities for flow of two different media, such as chondrogenic and osteogenic. These chambers were utilized for characterization of the novel scaffolds with regard to bioactivity and stability under dynamic compression and fluid perfusion over 14 d, while flow distribution under different conditions was analyzed by a tracer method and residence time distribution analysis.

Short‐term load interval prediction with unilateral adaptive update strategy and simplified biased convex cost function

AbstractThis article proposes a unilateral Adaptive update strategy based Interval Prediction (AIP) model for short‐term load prediction, which is developed based on lower and upper bound estimation (LUBE) architecture. In traditional LUBE interval prediction model, the model training is usually trained by heuristic algorithms. In this article, the model training is formulated as a bi‐level optimization problem with the help of proposed unilateral adaptive update strategy and cost function. In lower‐level problem, a simplified biased convex cost function is developed to supervise the learning direction of basic prediction engines. The basic prediction engine utilizes Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) to extract features and Full connected Neural Network (FNN) to generate interval boundary. In upper‐level problem, a unilateral adaptive update strategy with unilateral coverage rate is put forward. It iteratively tunes hyper‐parameters of cost function during training process. Comprehensive experiments based on residential load data are implemented and the proposed interval prediction model outperforms the tested state‐of‐the‐art algorithms, achieving a 15% reduction in prediction error and a 20% decrease in computational time.

(Invited) Novel Q Carbon Anodes for Sodium-Ion Batteries

The main goal of this research is to develop low-cost anodes for sodium-ion batteries. Lack of standard carbon intercalation/insertion anode for sodium-ion batteries has greatly hindered its application. Two types of Q carbons have been studied as a potential anode material for sodium-ion batteries. Q1 carbon exhibits a high initial columbic efficiency of 81% but has a low-capacity retention of less than 60%. Whereas Q2 carbon has a low initial columbic efficiency of 58% but has a high-capacity retention of 81%. Q2 exhibited a stable capacity of 168 mAh/g at a cycling rate of C/3 which is comparable to other high performing hard carbon anodes. This work will discuss in detail about the synthesis procedure, microstructural and electrochemical performance of the Q carbons. This study reports the successful pathway of using Q carbon as a promising anode for sodium ion batteries.ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThis research was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division.

Efficient conversion process and mechanism of bromine in bromine-rich saline wastewater

Bromine resources, widely utilized in basic chemical engineering, are considered non-renewable. A substantial amount of Bromine-Rich Saline Wastewater (BRSW), a hazardous waste, is generated during the smelting process of waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). The efficient conversion of bromine resources is important in BRSW, which contain high concentrations of bromide ions. This study developed a synergistic treatment method utilizing electrolytic manganese anode sludge (EMAS) achieved efficient conversion of Br− to Br2 in BRSW. Optimal technical parameters are determined through single-factor experiments, and the oxidative acid leaching process was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). The significant influencing factors for Br− conversion were ranked as acidity > anode mud addition amount > temperature > time, resulting in a bromine conversion efficiency of 96.55%. Kinetic studies of bromine conversion in BRSW during the oxidation-acid leaching process indicated a two-stage process: Stage I being a chemical reaction control model and Stage II being a diffusion control model. The reaction mechanism was elucidated, where H+ initially breaks the Mn-O bond in MnO2, exposing O vacancies and forming Mn4+, leading to a redox reaction between free Br− and Mn4+. This research embodies the concept of synergistic solid waste disposal, achieving cost-effectiveness and streamlined preparation of bromine, and providing technical and theoretical support for bromine resource recovery in BRSW.

Environmental sustainability under production competition with costly adjustments: An appraisal of firms’ behavior with regard to pollution dynamics

The waning efficiency of natural pollution sinks and the predicted consequence of their irreversible transformation into pollution sources within the current century call into question the environmental sustainability of economic activity and, more specifically, its basic engine: horizontal competition. Among factors likely to cast doubt on the environmental sustainability of competition, competing firms’ approaches to pollution control deserve particular attention because myopic approaches that ignore pollution dynamics accelerate such transformations. Another potentially harmful factor is the cost of adjusting production, which can hinder firms’ ability to reduce their polluting emissions in a timely way. In the context of a Cournot market structure, we consider competing firms that incur a cost when adjusting production and are subject to pollution emission taxes. We analyze how production adjustment costs and firms’ choice of myopic or farsighted pollution control policies affect their competitiveness and the long-run sustainability of the environmental system. We show that competition is not compatible with environmental sustainability under a myopic pollution control policy when the maximum threshold of pollution absorption has already been exceeded. Myopic policies cannot neutralize history dependency, and extremely large production adjustment costs exacerbate the problem. In contrast, farsighted pollution control policies can eliminate history-dependency as long as the tax policy is not too restrictive, though they lead to a more polluted environment than myopic policies operating below the maximum absorption efficiency threshold.

Clinical, Safety, and Engineering Perspectives on Wearable Ultrasound Technology: A Review.

Wearable ultrasound has the potential to become a disruptive technology enabling new applications not only in traditional clinical settings, but also in settings where ultrasound is not currently used. Understanding the basic engineering principles and limitations of wearable ultrasound is critical for clinicians, scientists, and engineers to advance potential applications and translate the technology from bench to bedside. Wearable ultrasound devices, especially monitoring devices, have the potential to apply acoustic energy to the body for far longer durations than conventional diagnostic ultrasound systems. Thus, bioeffects associated with prolonged acoustic exposure as well as skin health need to be carefully considered for wearable ultrasound devices. This article reviews emerging clinical applications, safety considerations, and future engineering and clinical research directions for wearable ultrasound technology.