Basic Engineering Research Articles

Experimental Study on the Behavior of Glass Fiber Reinforced Rebars

Abstract: As we know Plain Concrete has limited ductility, strength in tension as well as low cracking resistance. Micro cracks are present in concrete and these propagates at a great extent and results in extensive brittle fracture. Experiments in past and numerous researches in the last decade were focused merely on developing novel techniques of improving tensile strength of concrete. Among these mostly used is GFRP (Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer) is easily available, which is low in cost than CFRP (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer), and that’s why various studies is done to strengthening of concrete by using GFRP particularly in countries like India. GF is latest introduction cum revolution in production FRC. It overpowers all the synthetic fibers, due to its excellent strength, extreme durability, supreme wear-tear resistance and exceptional tensile and impact strength. At this time GFRC (Glass Fiber Reinforced Concrete) excelled as a great remedy for civil engineers. Tensile strength of GFRC lies between 1024 and 4080 N/mm2 . It is the benefit of using glass fibers in reinforcement of concrete. Construction Industry is accelerating day-by-day. Today is the scenario of sky scrapping and complex infrastructures, which results in increasing demand of basic civil engineering material i.e. cement. Engineers are looking for alternative of expensive construction since long. Cement, binder in concrete, is an expensive and exorbitant civil engineering material and it increases the Constructional budget. Not only this, but also cement marks the highest consumption throughout the world after water. The carbon credits to the environment during cement production, is an alarming issue. If it keeps following the exact pace as today, it is probable to reach annual cement production up to about 600 metric tons by 2025 in India alone and the globe will change into hot air balloon. Cement industry alone contribute to 2.4% to the total carbon emissions round the globe. To eradicate this converse effect of cement industry on the environment, engineers are working hard to find efficient substitutes which are in-expensive, eco-friendly and can possess better cementing properties. Agricultural and commercial wastes are the best choice and have the characteristics favouring their utilization in concrete production. These by-products are complete waste and if re-used in any sort releases a huge burden from environment. Keywords: Glass Fiber, Workability, Compressive strength, Compaction factor, Slump test

The Impact On Mechanical Properties of Different Geometric Shapes On recycled HDPE (rHDPE) Reinforcement in Concrete Structures

This research was carried out to develop a reinforcing structure with different geometrical shapes and patterns from recycled HDPE motor oil containers to be embedded in concrete structures. The reinforcing structure was prepared by dimensioning, cutting and joining of waste HDPE. In this study, different basic engineering shapes of rHDPE were used to investigate the mechanical properties of produced concrete composites based on split tensile test. These reinforcement shapes consist of square tubing, round tubing, I beam, X-shaped beam, square perforated tubing, round perforated tubing, I-perforated beam, and X-shaped perforated beam were embedded parallel into the concrete structure. Based on the overall tensile strength, concrete with round tube (1.508 MPa), round perforated tube (1.323 MPa), X-beam (1.443 MPa), X-perforated beam (1.489 MPa) and square tube (1.641 MPa) had fulfilled the minimum required tensile strength of reinforced concrete. In comparison, the overall performance of the solid structure reinforced concrete increased 14.9% tensile strength when compared to the perforated structure reinforced concrete. It was seen that, concrete with square tubing (1.641 MPa) and round tubing (1.508 MPa) had the highest tensile strength among other reinforced concretes.

BLaDE: A Basic Lambda Dynamics Engine for GPU-Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Free Energy Calculations.

There is an accelerating interest in practical applications of alchemical free energy methods to problems in protein design, constant pH simulations, and especially computer-aided drug design. In the present paper, we describe a basic lambda dynamics engine (BLaDE) that enables alchemical free energy simulations, including multisite λ dynamics (MSλD) simulations, on graphical processor units (GPUs). We find that BLaDE is 5 to 8 times faster than the current GPU implementation of MSλD-based free energy calculations in CHARMM. We also demonstrate that BLaDE running standard molecular dynamics attains a performance competitive with and sometimes exceeding that of the highly optimized OpenMM GPU code. BLaDE is available as a standalone program and through an API in CHARMM.

Critical Thinking Based Interactive Learning Media for Basic Mechanical Engineering

Recent studies show limited research on the development of learning media that effectively addresses critical thinking, communication, collaboration, and creativity(4C) characteristics. However, there is an urge for nurturing the 4C characters of vocational high school graduates in the 21st Century, especially critical thinking. Hence, this study aims to develop and discover the feasibility, usability, and effectiveness of critical thinking-based interactive learning media for Basic Mechanical Engineering. This study used the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) development concept. The information design in developing the learning media was based on critical thinking aspects by Facione in ATC21S. The critical-thinking-based interactive learning media (CTBILM) were developed for mobile learning which can be used in IOS and Android. The alpha test showed promising results, especially from material experts. In addition to that, the User Acceptance Test (UAT) also shown a significant score making CTBILM quite feasible. We also argue that the significant change in student critical thinking from the statistical t-test on pretest and posttest are due to CTBILM.

Self- Regulated Learning (SRL) Strategies on Engineering Faculty Members, Executives, And Students

The Indian engineering faculty members need to be exposed to self-regulated learning strategies and adult learning methods to plan effective competency development programs for the engineering graduates. The engineering students need to be informed on the industry needs and the performance desired in the workplaces. Without a focus on improving skills analysis, planning, design concepts, and high-order cognitive skills, problemsolving abilities and critical thinking skills, many engineering students performed poorly in the basic and core engineering courses. Some of the students displayed a negative response for a few applied science courses. These are due to their self-regulated learning system. In this research, six batches of engineering faculties have been trained to focus on the students' self-regulated thinking, acting, behaving, and engaging in purposeful activities. The impact is that the engineering students actively manage their metacognition, motivation, and behavior after passing through the self-regulatory process. The trained faculties prepared their instructional design on the needs of the contextual knowledge and their utility onprofessional development. The increase in pass percentage after redesign improved to 16.17% in the basic courses, 17.37% in the core courses, and 5.99% in the advanced courses. When the faculty members are trained in the appropriate instructional design to meet the demands of the fast-growing and knowledgebased economy, this resulted in unprecedented students' success not only in their examinations but also in their performances in the workplace. Further, the executive and employee development programs are to be carefully planned and implemented to get maximum return on the investment (ROI) in the fastchanging manufacturing technology. Keywords: Self-Regulated Learners (SRL), Performance Management, Faculty Development Programs (FDP), Planning Executive Development Programs (EDP), Metacognition, & Intrinsic Motivation.

Durability of Biodegradable Polymer Nanocomposites.

Biodegradable polymers (BP) are often regarded as the materials of the future, which address the rising environmental concerns. The advancement of biorefineries and sustainable technologies has yielded various BP with excellent properties comparable to commodity plastics. Water resistance, high dimensional stability, processability and excellent physicochemical properties limit the reviewed materials to biodegradable polyesters and modified compositions of starch and cellulose, both known for their abundance and relatively low price. The addition of different nanofillers and preparation of polymer nanocomposites can effectively improve BP with controlled functional properties and change the rate of degradation. The lack of data on the durability of biodegradable polymer nanocomposites (BPN) has been the motivation for the current review that summarizes recent literature data on environmental ageing of BPN and the role of nanofillers, their basic engineering properties and potential applications. Various durability tests discussed thermal ageing, photo-oxidative ageing, water absorption, hygrothermal ageing and creep testing. It was discussed that incorporating nanofillers into BP could attenuate the loss of mechanical properties and improve durability. Although, in the case of poor dispersion, the addition of the nanofillers can lead to even faster degradation, depending on the structural integrity and the state of interfacial adhesion. Selected models that describe the durability performance of BPN were considered in the review. These can be applied as a practical tool to design BPN with tailored property degradationand durability.

Mitigation of landslides due to land use in population settlements

The implementation of housing development carried out by the developer is suspected of not meeting the administrative, technical and environmental requirements. By not carrying out the provisions to carry out efforts to stabilize slopes and apply appropriate drainage systems, to minimize loading on the slopes and allegedly not conducting geological studies of environmental planning or basic engineering geology as the basis for the implementation of development so that the impact on the environment in the form of the Cimanggung landslide occurs.Landslide is one of the natural disasters that often hit hilly areas in the wet tropics. Mass movement, generally caused by gravitational forces and sometimes vibrations or earthquakes also support the occurrence. Mass movement in the form of landslides occurs due to the shear debris along the landslide area which is the limit of the movement of the soil or rock mass. Soil motion is the process of moving a mass of rock/soil due to the force of gravity. Soil motion is often referred to as a landslide of the soil/rock mass and is generally defined as a movement of soil and/or rock from its place of origin due to the influence of gravity.

Analysis of Basic Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Manganese Slag before and after Solidification and Its Feasibility as Highway Slope.

Manganese slag is a kind of industrial waste produced by electrolytic production of manganese metal. The traditional method of stacking manganese slag not only causes waste of resources, but also produces environmental pollution. Finding harmless, effective, and economical disposal technology of manganese slag has gradually become a research hotspot and difficulty in the field of electrolytic manganese industry and environmental protection. To verify the feasibility of using manganese slag as roadbed material, the basic physical and chemical properties of manganese slag were analyzed based on X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrum, SEM scanning electron microscope, and particle analysis, the basic engineering characteristics of raw materials of manganese slag and solidified manganese slag mixed with quicklime were analyzed through a compaction test and a CBR test. Finally, based on the Monte Carlo method, the stability of a highway slope in the Guizhou Province of China is simulated by the finite element method, considering the spatial variability of manganese slag material strength parameters. The results show that the solidified manganese slag material can be used as highway subgrade material. This study has important reference significance for manganese slag highway construction projects.

Improving Students' Learning Outcomes in Public Vocational High School by Implementing Problem-Based Learning with Scientific Approach

This study explored the effect of combining a scientific approach with problem-based learning on enhancing students' critical thinking skills. The scientific approach sought to direct learners to understand various materials scientifically from multiple sources. The quantitative study in the experimental design used the nonrandomized control group treated with pre-test post-test design. This study had 48 students who separated into two groups. The experimental group used a problem-based learning and scientific approach (PBL-SA), whereas the control group used a traditional learning approach. According to the findings, the average post-test score for the traditional learning group was 33.33, whereas the average post-test score for the PBL-SA group was 65.42. The traditional learning group had low scores, whereas the average achievement of students in the PBL-SA group increased from 42.08 to 65.42, indicating an improvement. The PBL-SA group outperformed the traditional learning group on the Basic Mechanical Engineering Design with a statistically significant difference.

Nanotechnology Incorporation into Road Pavement Design Based on Scientific Principles of Materials Chemistry and Engineering Physics Using New-Age (Nano) Modified Emulsion (NME) Stabilisation/Enhancement of Granular Materials

The use of naturally available materials not conforming to traditional specifications or standards in the base and sub-base layers of road pavement structures and stabilised with New-age (Nano) Modified Emulsions (NME) have been tested, implemented and successfully verified through Accelerated Pavement Testing (APT) in South Africa. This was made possible through the development and use of a materials design procedure addressing fundamental principles and based on scientific concepts which are universally applicable. The understanding and incorporation of the chemical interactions between the mineralogy of the materials and an NME stabilising agent (compatibility between the chemistry of the reactive agents and material mineralogy) into the design approach is key to achieving the required engineering properties. The evaluation of the stabilised materials is performed using tests indicative of the basic engineering properties (physics) of compressive strengths, tensile strengths and durability. This article describes the basic materials design approach that was developed to ensure that organofunctional nano-silane modified emulsions can successfully be used for pavement layer construction utilising naturally available materials at a low risk. The enablement of the use of naturally available materials in all pavement layers can have a considerable impact on the unit cost and lifecycle costs of road transportation infrastructure.

Technology Focus: Offshore Facilities (September 2021)

For this feature, I have had the pleasure of reviewing 122 papers submitted to SPE in the field of offshore facilities over the past year. Brent crude oil price finally has reached $75/bbl at the time of writing. So far, this oil price is the highest since before the COVID-19 pandemic, which is a good sign that demand is picking up. Oil and gas offshore projects also seem to be picking up; most offshore greenfield projects are dictated by economics and the price of oil. As predicted by some analysts, global oil consumption will continue to increase as the world’s economy recovers from the pandemic. A new trend has arisen, however, where, in addition to traditional economic screening, oil and gas investors look to environment, social, and governance considerations to value the prospects of a project and minimize financial risk from environmental and social issues. The oil price being around $75/bbl has not necessarily led to more-attractive offshore exploration and production (E&P) projects, even though the typical offshore breakeven price is in the range of $40–55/bbl. We must acknowledge the energy transition, while also acknowledging that oil and natural gas will continue to be essential to meeting the world’s energy needs for many years. At least five European oil and gas E&P companies have announced net-zero 2050 ambitions so far. According to Rystad Energy, continuous major investments in E&P still are needed to meet growing global oil and gas demand. For the past 2 years, the global investment in E&P project spending is limited to $200 billion, including offshore, so a situation might arise with reserve replacement becoming challenging while demand accelerates rapidly. Because of well productivity, operability challenges, and uncertainty, however, opening the choke valve or pipeline tap is not as easy as the public thinks, especially on aging facilities. On another note, the technology landscape is moving to emerging areas such as net-zero; decarbonization; carbon capture, use, and storage; renewables; hydrogen; novel geothermal solutions; and a circular carbon economy. Historically, however, the Offshore Technology Conference began proactively discussing renewables technology—such as wave, tidal, ocean thermal, and solar—in 1980. The remaining question, then, is how to balance the lack of capital expenditure spending during the pandemic and, to some extent, what the role of offshore is in the energy transition. Maximizing offshore oil and gas recovery is not enough anymore. In the short term, engaging the low-carbon energy transition as early as possible and leading efforts in decarbonization will become a strategic move. Leveraging our expertise in offshore infrastructure, supply chains, sea transportation, storage, and oil and gas market development to support low-carbon energy deployment in the energy transition will become vital. We have plenty of technical knowledge and skill to offer for offshore wind projects, for instance. The Hywind wind farm offshore Scotland is one example of a project that is using the same spar technology as typical offshore oil and gas infrastructure. Innovation, optimization, effective use of capital and operational expenditures, more-affordable offshore technology, and excellent project management, no doubt, also will become a new normal offshore. Recommended additional reading at OnePetro: www.onepetro.org. SPE 202911 - Harnessing Benefits of Integrated Asset Modeling for Bottleneck Management of Large Offshore Facilities in the Matured Giant Oil Field by Yukito Nomura, ADNOC, et al. OTC 30970 - Optimizing Deepwater Rig Operations With Advanced Remotely Operated Vehicle Technology by Bernard McCoy Jr., TechnipFMC, et al. OTC 31089 - From Basic Engineering to Ramp-Up: The New Successful Execution Approach for Commissioning in Brazil by Paulino Bruno Santos, Petrobras, et al.

Evaluation of composition and carbon atoms distribution of the exhaust hydrocarbons by varying post-injection parameters in DI diesel engine

This study was aimed to explore the effects of different post-injection parameters on the cracking, formation mechanism, composition, and carbon atoms distribution of exhaust hydrocarbon (HC) compounds of the diesel engine. The influence of three post-injection fuel masses (PIM) and six dwell duration with different start of injection (SOI) timings were assessed with an operating speed of 1000 rpm and a basic engine load of 0.5 MPa. Post-injection strategy greatly influenced the composition and carbon atoms distribution of exhaust gases emissions. It was noted that the formation of light HC species was lowered during early post-injection at SOI 20-40° crank angle (CA) due to the high in-cylinder temperature and more oxidation but increased as the SOI delayed due to more cracking of diesel fuel. An increase in the PIM also increased the formation of HC species at all SOI. Peak values of C1 (one carbon), C2 (two carbon), and C3 (three-carbon) compounds were recorded at SOI 60°CA with 15 mg PIM respectively, and the maximum value of 2700 ppm was observed for non-methane hydrocarbon (NMHC) at SOI 80°CA. While higher HC (C8) compounds achieved a peak of 275 ppm at SOI 80°CA with 15 mg PIM. At early SOI 20-40°CA, lighter HCs compounds concentration fractions were accounted for about 50–80% of THC emissions with 5–15 mg PIM. While at later SOI 80-120°CA C8 concentration fractions were dominant over all other HC fractions occupying a concentration fraction of more than 50% with 5, 10, and 15 mg PIM.

Analysis of the Dynamic Stiffness, Hysteresis Resonances and Complex Responses for Nonlinear Spring Systems in Power-Form Order

Power-form nonlinear contact force models are widely adopted in relatively moving parts of macro (e.g., rolling bearings considering Hertzian contact restoring force between rolling elements and bearing raceways) or micro (e.g., the micro cantilever probe system of atomic force microscopy) scale mechanical systems, and contact resonance could cause serious problems of wear, contact fatigue, vibration, and noise, which has attracted widespread attention. In the present paper, the softening/hardening stiffness characteristics of continuous and one-sided contact power-form nonlinear spring models are addressed, respectively, by the analysis of the monotone features of resonant frequency-response skeleton lines. Herein, the period-n solution branch and its stability characteristics are obtained by the harmonic balance and alternating frequency/time domain (HB–AFT) method and Floquet theory. Compared with previous studies, this paper will furtherly clarify the influences of externally normal load, the power form exponent term, and excitation amplitude on the softening/hardening stiffness characteristics of general power-form spring systems. In addition, for a power-form system with a one-sided contact, the phenomena of primary and super/sub-harmonic hysteretic resonances inducing period-doubling, folding bifurcation, the coexistence of multiple solutions are demonstrated. Besides, it gives the evolution mechanism of two types of intermittency chaos in a one-sided contact system. The overall results may have certain basic theoretical significance and engineering values for the control of vibration and noise in contact mechanical systems.

Estimation of Optimum Moisture Content and Maximum Dry Unit Weight of Fine-Grained Soils using Numerical Methods

Soil compaction is one of the basic engineering techniques, which is carried out to guarantee the stability of soils dependent on specified strength. Nonetheless, in large-scale construction projects, the estimation of compaction features required tremendous effort and time that can be saved utilizing empirical relationships at the initial phases. It becomes critical to develop models to predict the compaction features, namely the maximum dry unit weight (γdmax) and optimum water content (WOP). This article attempts to develop models to predict the γdmax and WOP of fine-grained clay soils. Geotechnical tests such as grain size distribution, Atterberg limits, specific gravity, and proctor compaction tests are performed to assess soil samples' physical and hyro-mechanical characteristics. Multivariate analysis is conducted using MINITAB 18 software to develop the predictive models. The validation process of developed models includes the determination coefficient, probability value (p-value), comparison of the predicted values with experimental values, comparison of the models proposed in this study with other existing models found in the recent literature, and employing a different soil data set. The predicted values obtained from the models proposed in this research project are more accurate than other models developed recently. The proposed models estimate the compaction features of fine-grained clay soils with acceptable precision.
 HIGHLIGHTS
 
 Soil compaction is one of the basic engineering techniques perform to guarantee the stability of soils dependent on specified strength
 In large-scale construction projects, the estimation of compaction parameters required tremendous effort and time that can be saved utilizing empirical relationships at the initial phases
 This study has developed semi-empirical models to predict the compaction parameters (maximum dry unit weight and optimum water content) of fine-grained soils
 
 GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

Unification of the BN-1200 reactor core designs with MOX and MNUP fuel

Two types of mixed uranium-plutonium fuel are considered for BN-1200 reactor (Matveev and Khomyakov, 2012) within the framework of Proryv Project: conventional, well-mastered MOX fuel and advanced nitride fuel (MNUP fuel) having higher density. Decision about the expediency of use of this or that type of fuel in the first BN-1200 reactors at the initial stage of their operation will be made taking into account the results of MNUP fuel pins tests carried out in BOR-60 and BN-600 reactors. In this report the information on basic engineering decisions taken in the design of BN-1200 reactor core (Vasiliev et al., 2010; Shepelev et al., 2013; Vasiliev et al., 2017) is given, features of cores with MOX and MNUP fuels are analyzed, possible variants of cores with unified design of fuel pins and FSA are presented, estimates of core characteristic change with increased fuel burnup are given, problems of transition from MOX fuel to MNUP fuel are considered.

АВТОМАТИЗАЦИЯ ПРОЦЕССА УПРАВЛЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ НА ЭТАПЕ ОТДЕЛОЧНОЙ ОБРАБОТКИ ПЛАЗМОЙ ТЛЕЮЩЕГО РАЗРЯДА

Work purpose: the development of conditions for control automation ensuring tool essential qualities at the stage of finishing with glow discharge plasma. Investigation methods: based on the peculiarities of a human mental process the formation of an electronic model of a neural control system on the basis of engineering process monitoring in industry promoted cybernetic method carrying out for the increase of effectiveness and quality control during the management. The formation of an investigation process for computer technology use at the solution of the problem to ensure specified quality at the realization of engineering processes for metal working tool strengthening in the plasma generator of a glow discharge allowed creating an efficient system of control. The creation of conditions for the fulfillment of human cognitive potentialities with the high degree of similarity such as identification, accumulation and dissemination or transfer of information in the form of electromagnetic pulses similar to neural exchange allows optimizing a control system of quality of product strengthening in the plasma generator of a glow discharge. The formulation of a management solution in the form of the chain of commands in the neural network of the control system of the plasma generator of a glow discharge is formed in accordance with phenomena forming output responses and conditions ensuring their formation. Investigation results: for setting an optimum field of investigations and, accordingly, for increasing effectiveness of the automated control system of finishing quality under the glow discharge plasma impact during the whole engineering process the use of unique potentialities of continuous neural network monitoring is intended. The application of the neural network approach and its unique functions at the formation of the control system using the continuous monitoring of basic engineering process parameters of finishing ensuring specified quality of machining steps realized allows ensuring high repeatability at metal working tool strengthening. In the technological system developed all functions of control and management are based on the use of the neural network approach that allows visualizing its functioning on the monitor in the course of the whole engineering finishing process in the form of graphical dependence. Conclusions: 1. The use of unique potentialities of continuous neural network monitoring allows defining a optimum field of investigations at the lowest cost and accordingly increasing quality of the automated system of finishing quality control at the impact of glow discharge plasma. 2. Depending on material of a tool working part and conditions of tool operation in the surface layer there is formed an essential thermo-dynamic structure with the specified physical-mechanical properties that allows ensuring optimum repeatability. 3. The formation of conditions for the fulfillment with a high degree of similarity human cognitive potentialities such as identification, accumulation and dissemination or transfer of information in the form of electro-magnetic pulses similar to neural exchange allows optimizing a system of quality control of tools strengthened at the stage of glow discharge plasma finishing.

DEVELOPMENT OF AUDIO VISUAL LEARNING MEDIA ANDROID MECHANICAL MEASURING TOOLS FOR IMPROVING LEARNING OUTCOMES AT VOCATIONAL SECONDARY SCHOOL

The low value of Competency Unit Test (UUK) and Mid-Semester Exam (UTS) in Basic Work Automotive Engineering (PDTO) basic competency of mechanical measuring instruments, especially using and read the measurement results of the vernier caliper, micrometer and dial indicator at SMKN 8 Bandung. Users Android among students are very many and continue to develop, it is possible that Android technology is used as a learning medium for mechanical measuring instruments. The objectives of this research are (1) To create and develop learning media for basic competency of android-based mechanical measuring instruments, (2) to see the learning achievement of students with the basic competencies of mechanical measuring instruments, and (3) to see the responses of students using android-based applications in learning. This study uses thedevelopment model ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The research design used the Pre Experimental Design with the type of One Group Pre Test Post Test. The results of this study indicate an increase in understanding of using and reading the measurement results of mechanical measuring instruments after applying Android-based learning media in the moderate category.

Physical-stochastic continuous-time identification of a forced Duffing oscillator

Despite the simplicity of the Duffing oscillator, its dynamical behaviour is extremely rich. Hence, the Duffing equations are used to describe the dynamic behaviour of many real-world nonlinear systems for a wide range of frequency bands and amplitude of the excitation signal in basic sciences and engineering. For example, the Duffing oscillator has been successfully used to model a variety of physical processes such as stiffening springs, beam buckling, nonlinear electronic circuits, superconducting Josephson parametric amplifiers, and ionisation waves in plasmas etc. Therefore, the identification of the Duffing oscillator model/parameters directly from the measured input–output data is a topic of active research in many scientific fields In this paper, we use the concept of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) to identify a model of the Duffing oscillator. SDE-based grey-box models allow us to capture the underlying mathematical structure describing the physics of the system (e.g. the original Duffing equations) using the drift term and explicitly handling of model uncertainty (or the process noise) using the diffusion term whereas the measurement uncertainty is modelled using the measurement noise term respectively. In this paper, we propose a slight variation of the maximum likelihood estimation framework used for the identification of SDEs based grey-box models yielding improved performance for long-term predictions. The proposed framework is combined with an iterative residual analysis to develop a grey-box model of the forced Duffing oscillator. The benchmark data from the so-called Brussels “Silverbox system”, which is an electrical circuit mimicking the forced Duffing oscillator dynamics is used for the identification purpose. Finally, the identified model performance (the simulation errors) is compared with the existing results available in the literature.

Perspectives on advanced and basic engineering technologies

After presenting in the Introduction the goals of the paper, in its second section the paper is presenting and summarizing important features and details about the professional engineering software programs such as CAD, CAM, CIM, CFD, their advantages and downsides and how they have been used and have been helpful until now. In the second section of the paper, the computer games exhibiting the construction’s feature are presented and how they are impacting the today’s children’s lives. In the last section, the paper draws conclusions about the products of the game industry in general, its possible evolution and also about the engineering technologies in particular and brings the software programs in relationship with the nowadays’ advanced technologies: Artificial Intelligence (AI), big data, block chain technology, 3D printing, Virtual Reality (VR) and Internet of Things (IoT).

Techno-commercial Assessment of Concurrent Municipal Brown Field Reclamation Procedures: A Pivotal Case study of Jawahar Nagar Dump Site

Techno-commercial Assessment of Concurrent Municipal Brown Field Reclamation Procedures: A Pivotal Case study of Jawahar Nagar Dump Site