Basic Dimensions Research Articles

Графические способы реализации одинакового хода поршней V- и W-образных двигателей с прицепными шатунами

This article presents empirical methods of graphical research on the implementation of the same stroke of pistons of V-shaped engines with trailed connecting rods. According to the authors, at a certain stage of research, it is advisable to perform a graphical construction, which could to be more reliable and less costly to use any programs related to determining valid technical and design parameters. Obviously, it is advisable to use two- or three-dimensional modeling based on automatic design systems “Kompas” as a technical tool for achieving the goal. At the first stage, it is enough to design using a two-dimensional modeling system, which allows to asses the ratio of the basic geometric dimensions and possibility of further design. The three-dimensional modeling system allows you to into account the ratio of the parts given their geometric shape and changes in position within the permissible limits of the internal space of CCM and CPG of engine. The peculiarity of graphical research methods involves analysis of the geometric dimensions of the parts and their relative position in a particular engine. In this case, it is advisable to consider the design of CCM of V-shape engines, for example of type V-2, whose peculiarity is to the design of CCM with a trailed connecting rod and to get different stroke of pistons in the main and side cylinders of the engine. In this case, the problem of organizing the identical running of the engine work is connected with the problem of obtaining the same coefficient of excess air, but then the fuel supply to the engine cylinders will be different. The method of shifting the intersection point of the cylinder axes, analyzed in the work, allows the method to be used not only to obtain sufficient space for the pistons at bottom dead center, but also to ensure conditions for the same stroke of the pistons of V- and W-shaped engines.

STUDY ON QUANTIFICATION OF ROCK FRACTURE NETWORK TO PROMOTE SHALE GAS DEVELOPMENT

Shale gas is produced by fracturing the reservoir to increase production. Quantifying the complex structure of the rock fracture network has a very important role in shale gas development. In order to quantify the complex structure of rock fracture network, in this paper, combined with the hierarchical structure of fractal figure, long tail distribution and fractal self-similarity, the current calculation method of fractal dimension is improved, and the basic fractal dimension calculation method is proposed based on the principle. By removing the limit calculation method which causes the deviation of numerical results, a reasonable and convenient calculation model for engineering application is proposed. A set of two-dimensional fracture pictures are used to test the model. In the 10 pictures, the more complex the figure is, the larger the new fractal dimension value is, which is in line with the characteristics of fractal dimension describing the complexity of graphics. Furthermore, lattice Boltzmann method (LBM) is used to simulate the velocity field, and the permeability of the fracture network is calculated according to Darcy’s law. The permeability and fractal dimension of the fracture network are compared and analyzed. The conclusion that the permeability is positively related to the fractal dimension of the fracture network is obtained, which provides theoretical support for the further study of shale mining problems such as hydraulic fracturing.

Innovation of Core Literacy Evaluation Model for Physical Education and Health Courses in Colleges and Universities under the Guidance of OBE Theory

Abstract Several scholars have taken an interest in core literacy in physical education since the idea was first put forth, making it a contemporary hotspot in the field of school physical education study and development. The innovative design of the evaluation model of the core literacy of physical education and health courses in colleges and universities, which focuses on building the evaluation index system of the core literacy of physical education and health courses, was realized in this study by using the hierarchical analysis method, guided by the OBE theory. Evaluation indexes were chosen and corrected using the Delphi technique and available research. Hierarchical analysis is used to determine the weight coefficients of the indicators, and a consistency test is carried out. The reliability test is then carried out, and the core literacy self-assessment scale is developed. Ultimately, the scale is put to use in real-world situations and its impact is examined. All of the expert research’s index scores are higher than 4.3, their coefficients of variance are less than 0.2, and their indexes are kept. The index weights are doable, and all of the CR values are less than 0.1. The reliability and validity met the required level, as evidenced by the overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, KMO value, and Bartlett’s sphere test significance of 0.953, 0.962, and 0.000, respectively. The comprehensive core literacy scores of the survey respondents had a mean of 83.635 and a standard deviation of 9.842, indicating a high overall core literacy level. There are notable differences in the overall score of the basic literacy dimensions assignment depending on gender, grade level, and specialty. This study aims to assess the OBE theory’s applicability to real-world instruction.

Thinking Medium: A Design-based Critique of Nudge Theory

Mainstream economic thought rests on a picture of human actors as rational, calculating, and selfish. Since the 1980’s, the sub-discipline of behavioral economics has challenged mainstream economic thought by revealing limitations in the ordinary person’s ability to reason as orthodox theory predicts. People’s choices are influenced by the manner in which options are presented. And since many of the choices people make involve basic dimensions of moral life, including the chooser’s autonomy and general welfare, the structuring of choice situations is an irreducibly ethical enterprise. These topics are explored in “nudge theory,” which represents an attempt to understand the implications of behavioral economics for people involved in the shaping of others’ decisions. Nudge theory proposes that professional designers should structure choice situations on behalf of others in a paternalistic way: leveraging the designers’ expertise and superior knowledge to promote outcomes that serve choosers’ long-term interests. In this paper, the co-authors agree that paternalism can be a valid approach to ethical design practice in a limited range of cases. But in general, the program of “libertarian paternalism” advocated by nudge theorists represents a failure of imagination that arbitrarily forecloses opportunities for collective decision-making and reinforces unhealthy social divisions. Instead, a greater sensitivity to the potential of design thinking, specifically its capacity to incorporate a wide range of heterogeneous factors and perspectives, is a key to the ethical deployment of nudges. Design itself is the best answer to the question: how can economic thought register the results of the behavioral sciences in a thoughtful, creative, and defensible way? Through a series of examples drawn from the literature, the co-authors present a design-based critique of nudge theory, illustrating the interdisciplinary potential of design and aspects of the role design thinking may play in creating more harmonious and unified societies.

MACHINE LEARNING AND AI BASED HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT IN KGI: AN ALGORITHM BASED CROSSOVER

Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine learning techniques forms the building blocks of a strong organizational growth in recent years. Starting from startups to the game changers in the field is implementing the core of these two technologies in their growth model. This study proposes a detail framework of artificial intelligence (AI) technology application for human resource management (HRM). Having rooted on the theory of the six basic dimensions of human resource management, which includes human resource strategy and planning, recruitment, training and development process, performance management, salary evaluation, and the employee relationship management, that consequently combines with its potential corresponding AI technology application. This proposed AI-HRM conceptual model provides suggestions and directions for the development of AI in enterprise human resource management. Lastly it is added and implemented to the practical organization KGI.

Promoting coping competence for psychological stressors in nursing training: a controlled pedagogical intervention.

Multiple stressors as well as health-and quality-impairing effects of strain in the nursing profession require the systematic acquisition of competence in dealing with these demands, starting at the stage of initial vocational training. This study investigates whether an instructional design, which merges didactic principles of nursing education with concepts and training measures from stress psychology, promotes the acquisition of stress coping competence more effectively than regular teaching on the relevant curricular field at nursing schools. The quasi-experimental study design, based on the Solomon four-group plan, included 332 trainees in Germany. The assessment of stress coping competence at the beginning and at the end of the intervention provided a video-stimulated situational judgment test covering nursing-specific stressful situations. All were validated by field experts. Complementing group comparisons, regression analyses examined intervention effects at the individual level while controlling for other predictors of learning success. The highest solution rates for the two basic dimensions of stress coping competence, i.e., (1) situation assessment and (2) strategy selection and justification, occurred in the treatment classes without a pretest. At the individual level, treatment effects were confirmed for the first dimension. Students with a migration background showed lower competence gains than other students. The instructional design and the competence test provide valuable foundations for promoting and for diagnosing coping skills. Nevertheless, subsequent studies should examine adaptive support for different learner groups. Furthermore, additional observational phases should focus on the deliberate practice of acquired coping strategies in the practical training settings of nursing education.

Conceituando e medindo a transformação digital: proposta de um modelo de mensuração

Abstract Our world today is undeniably digital and understanding and implementing a digital transformation process have become key factors for most organizations. Due to its relevance and contemporaneity, digital transformation emerges as a topic of great interest, where the academy indicates a lack of comprehensive portrait regarding its requirements and strategic guidelines. In this context, researchers have alerted about the need of building an approach on how to digitally transform business models, and define which facilitators, phases, and instruments can be considered. Based on this, the study aims to elucidate basic dimensions for the application of digital transformation considering a set of technologies adhering to the concept of the Industry 4.0. The methodological approach chosen for undertaking the study was procedural research, subject to its progress method as descriptive and impact research. In addition, the study was elaborated from an exploratory and descriptive research, bibliographical and documental in nature, achieved through literature review. Throughout the research, three drivers and nine dimensions were identified that can serve as the basis for the digital transformation process in an organization. With this framework, it was possible to build a preliminary model that serves as a groundwork for mapping the digital transformation implementation process in future studies and may support organizations to improve their processes and actions towards this innovation era.

Barriers to reporting medical errors from the perspective of obstetric residents: A qualitative study.

Patient safety is one of the basic dimensions of quality of care. Medical errors are one of the most important and influential factors in the quality of care and clinical outcomes, which can have a significant economic effect. The aim of this study was to explore barriers to reporting medical errors from the perspective of obstetric residents. This was a qualitative study using a conventional content analysis approach. Data collection was performed through 18 semi-structured and in-depth individual interviews and a group discussion session with 13 obstetricians in Tabriz, Iran. Purposeful sampling started in December 2021 and continued until data saturation in October 2022. Findings were analyzed concurrently with data collection using MAXQDA 10 software. Four categories were obtained after analysis of the data: individual and organizational factors, the nature of the error, the educational hierarchy, and the fear of reactions and consequences of error reporting. Considering the importance of patient safety, it is necessary to improve the quality of education and awareness of residents and direct supervision of attending, emphasize promoting professional communication and changing educational policies and strategies to reduce errors, and remove barriers to error reporting. Instead of blaming those in error, the organizational culture should support error reporting and reform the error-prone system, through which positive results will be achieved for both patients and healthcare providers.

Unutargrupna pristranost / In-Group Bias

Religion represents a system of beliefs, understandings, and actions from which religious individuals draw an array of values for their judgments of the world. Religiousness is a multidimensional construct comprising a multitude of religious orientations of which extrinsic and intrinsic religiousness are the most prominent in scientific literature. Also, in the social psychological domain, religion represents a social group whose members show a tendency toward in-group bias, a phenomenon basically immanent in every social group. The construct of in-group favoritism refers to a tendency of favoring one’s in-group members over out-group members. The focus of this paper is oriented on the basic dimensions of religiousness and their behavioral manifestations such as in-group favoritism, prejudice, biases in prosocial behavior, etc. Based on scientific literature, the aim of this paper is to determine the relations between religiousness and in-group bias, i.e., favoring the in-group and derogation of the out-group. An additional aim is to demonstrate the importance of the influence of religious priming on the social behavior of an individual in terms of making or breaking in-group biases and out-group prejudices.

A three-dimensional model of neural activity and phenomenal-behavioral patterns.

How phenomenal experience and behavior are related to neural activity in physiology and psychopathology represents a fundamental question in neuroscience and psychiatry. The phenomenal-behavior patterns may be deconstructed into basic dimensions, i.e., psychomotricity, affectivity, and thought, which might have distinct neural correlates. This work provides a data overview on the relationship of these phenomenal-behavioral dimensions with brain activity across physiological and pathological conditions (including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, addictive disorders, Parkinson's disease, Tourette syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, and frontotemporal dementia). Accordingly, we propose a three-dimensional model of neural activity and phenomenal-behavioral patterns. In this model, neural activity is organized into distinct units in accordance with connectivity patterns and related input/output processing, manifesting in the different phenomenal-behavioral dimensions. (1) An external neuralunit, which involves the sensorimotor circuit/brain's sensorimotor network and is connected with the external environment, processes external inputs/outputs, manifesting in the psychomotor dimension (processing of exteroception/somatomotor activity). External unit hyperactivity manifests in psychomotor excitation (hyperactivity/hyperkinesia/catatonia), while external unit hypoactivity manifests in psychomotor inhibition (retardation/hypokinesia/catatonia). (2) An internal neuralunit, which involves the interoceptive-autonomic circuit/brain's salience network and is connected with the internal/body environment, processes internal inputs/outputs, manifesting in the affective dimension (processing of interoception/autonomic activity). Internal unit hyperactivity manifests in affective excitation (anxiety/dysphoria-euphoria/panic), while internal unit hypoactivity manifests in affective inhibition (anhedonia/apathy/depersonalization). (3) An associative neuralunit, which involves the brain's associative areas/default-mode network and is connected with the external/internal units (but not with the environment), processes associative inputs/outputs, manifesting in the thought dimension (processing of ideas). Associative unit hyperactivity manifests in thought excitation (mind-wandering/repetitive thinking/psychosis), while associative unit hypoactivity manifests in thought inhibition (inattention/cognitive deficit/consciousness loss). Finally, these neural units interplay and dynamically combine into various neural states, resulting in the complex phenomenal experience and behavior across physiology and neuropsychiatric disorders.

Implementation of Digital Campaign in Ranca Upas for Sustainable Tourism

The concept of a sustainable tourism campaign has the content of environmental awareness activities that are made in such a way as to attract tourists as well as content to promote the sustainability of a tourist destination. With today's lifestyle that cannot be separated from technology, the campaign concept involves a lot of digital media to contribute to the wider community. One of the tourism sites that has the potential to develop sustainable tourism is Ranca Upas. The purpose of this study is to find out the application of digital campaigns and their benefits for sustainable tourism in Ranca Upas. This study utilizes qualitative analysis by using the construction of basic dimensions from previous researchers regarding digital campaigns and sustainable tourism. The results of the study show that the implementation of digital campaigns in Ranca Upas has not been maximized, but tourists' awareness of the benefits and existence of digital campaigns in Ranca Upas and its sustainable tourism program has a very good view. The implication of the research is expected to increase the effectiveness of the digital campaign structure in Ranca Upas which is expected to have an impact on tourists' awareness of the organized digital campaign and the importance of sustainable tourism.

Entrants heterogeneity, pre-entry knowledge, and the target industry context: a taxonomy and a framework

Abstract This paper advances a general and unified framework to explain the patterns of entry in an industry. The specificity of a type of entrant is examined based on the match between the entrant’s prior experience, in terms of knowledge endowment, and the target industry context. The knowledge endowment is analyzed by focusing on its content—market, technological, organizational, and scientific—and its generic and specific nature. The target industry context is examined by looking at four basic dimensions: the stage of development of the target industry (the time dimension); the specific technological regime and related innovation patterns (the technological dimension); the demand regime (the demand dimension); and the institutional regime (the institutional dimension). These dimensions moderate the matching between the knowledge endowment of the type of entrants and the features of the industrial contexts. Our newly proposed taxonomy offers a more systematic and nuanced explanation of how the complex relationship between pre-entry experience and knowledge, entrants and the chosen target industry evolves over time.

Synthesis of the contour and dimensions of the guiding channel of an elliptical drum according to the operation conditions and kinematic regimes

The article is devoted to the synthesis of the mechanism of an elliptical drum of a vertically spindle drum, which increases the completeness of the collection and the quality of the harvested raw cotton. In particular, it developed a methodology for substantiating the profile and dimensions of the guide track, which ensures the movement of the spindles along an elliptical trajectory. At the same time, the profile and dimensions of the guide track are considered as a function of the trajectory and kinematic modes of the spindle. It is shown that the trajectory of movement and kinematic modes of the center of the guide roller can be the basis for choosing the profile and basic geometric dimensions of the guide track. The trajectory of the center of the guide roller at its different positions relative to the center of the spindle, moving along an elliptical trajectory, is determined using the GeoGebra program, which is popular in the mathematical modeling environment, and its kinematic parameters are determined by constructing hodographs of the speed of the center of the guide roller.

ANALISIS VARIABEL INDEKS PEMBANGUNAN MANUSIA MENGGUNAKAN ANALISIS REGRESI LINIER BERGANDA DI PROVINSI JAWA TIMUR

According to the Central Statistics Agency, HDI is formed by three basic dimensions, namely life expectancy, knowledge, decent living standards. So researchers are interested in analyzing the influence of these 3 basic dimensions on HDI using multiple linear regression analysis. By determining the independent variables and dependent variables, human development index data in East Java in 2021. Then determining the estimated value of the multiple regression model. Next, carry out testing, starting with a simultaneous test. After that, a partial test (t test) was carried out. Then the classical assumption test is carried out, which is a statistical requirement that must be met in multiple linear regression analysis. In multiple regression analysis, classic assumption tests are carried out, including the normality test, multicollinearity test and heteroscedasticity test. Then look at the coefficient of determination value to find out how far the model is able to explain variations in the dependent variable. The final step in this research is to interpret the model with multiple linear regression, namely to see and explain the results of the best model analysis and find out the independent variable that has the most significant influence on the dependent variable. Research data analysis was carried out using SPSS software. The multiple linear regression model formed in the analysis of the human development index in East Java obtained a contribution value from the independent variable and the dependent variable of 99.7%.

Featural Representation and Internal Noise Underlie the Eccentricity Effect in Contrast Sensitivity.

Human visual performance for basic visual dimensions (e.g., contrast sensitivity and acuity) peaks at the fovea and decreases with eccentricity. The eccentricity effect is related to the larger visual cortical surface area corresponding to the fovea, but it is unknown if differential feature tuning contributes to this eccentricity effect. Here, we investigated two system-level computations underlying the eccentricity effect: featural representation (tuning) and internal noise. Observers (both sexes) detected a Gabor embedded in filtered white noise which appeared at the fovea or one of four perifoveal locations. We used psychophysical reverse correlation to estimate the weights assigned by the visual system to a range of orientations and spatial frequencies (SFs) in noisy stimuli, which are conventionally interpreted as perceptual sensitivity to the corresponding features. We found higher sensitivity to task-relevant orientations and SFs at the fovea than that at the perifovea, and no difference in selectivity for either orientation or SF. Concurrently, we measured response consistency using a double-pass method, which allowed us to infer the level of internal noise by implementing a noisy observer model. We found lower internal noise at the fovea than that at the perifovea. Finally, individual variability in contrast sensitivity correlated with sensitivity to and selectivity for task-relevant features as well as with internal noise. Moreover, the behavioral eccentricity effect mainly reflects the foveal advantage in orientation sensitivity compared with other computations. These findings suggest that the eccentricity effect stems from a better representation of task-relevant features and lower internal noise at the fovea than that at the perifovea.

Fast Optimization Method of Flexible Support Structure Based on Mathematical Model

In order to realize the rapid analysis and optimization of the flexible support structure, the parametric design method is used to establish the three-dimensional model. Basic dimension parameters of the flexible support structure are linked with external data sources, and the functional relationship between dimensions is established to ensure the rationality of the model. It only needs to change the data in the data source to realize the automatic update of the 3D model when the model needs to be reconstructed. Compared with the finite element method, the optimization model improves the efficiency of simulation analysis and optimization design. The model proposed in this paper can obtain the optimal solution by weighing the mass and deformation displacement of the structure.

Purpose in life: A resolution on the definition, conceptual model, and optimal measurement.

Theoretically, purpose serves as a basic dimension of healthy psychological functioning and an important protective factor from psychopathology. Theory alone, however, is insufficient to answer critical questions about human behavior and functioning; we require empirical evidence that explores the parameters of purpose with respect to measurement, prediction, and modification. Here, we provide empirically supported insights about how purpose can operate as a beneficial outcome (e.g., marker of well-being), a predictor or mechanism that accounts for benefits that a person derives (such as from an intervention), or a moderator that offers insight into when benefits arise. Advancing the study of purpose requires careful consideration of how purpose is conceptualized, manipulated, and measured across the lifespan. Our aim is to help scientists understand, specify, and conduct high-quality studies of purpose in life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Experimental research of stress state and residual stresses of the hydropower pipeline branch model

The paper presents experimental research of branch model in laboratory conditions. The branch model is, in fact, a reduced real branch whose basic dimensions are interrelated on the basis of similarity theory which arise from the conditions of stress equality on the branch model and the real branch. Using numerical methods - finite element methods, measuring points on the branch model, were determined. At the defined measuring points, experimental measurements of stress were performed, namely using: strain gauges and recording with 3D cameras. The branch model was quasi-statically loaded with different values of internal pressure during the experiment. The values of the internal pressure reached such a level that the maximum stress at the measuring point with the highest measured stress reached values far above the yield strength of the branch model material. The most important results of experimental research on the branch model can be expressed through the following items:- Verification of the fact that in the field of elasticity, there is a linear relationship between stress and internal pressure.- Disclosing what happens when the stresses exceed the value of the yield strength of the branch material, whether there are plastic deformations of the branch model.- Defining the dependence of stress on internal pressure in the field of elasticity and the zone of residual stresses.- Coming to conclusions regarding the distribution of stresses and residual stresses on the branch model.

The Creation of an Average 3D Model of the Human Cartilaginous Nasal Septum and Its Biomimetic Applications.

The cartilaginous nasal septum is integral to the overall structure of the nose. Developing our an-atomic understanding of the septum will improve the planning and techniques of septal surgeries. While the basic dimensions of the septum have previously been described, the average shape in the sagittal plane has yet to be established. Furthermore, determining the average shape allows for the creation of a mean three-dimensional (3D) septum model. To better understand the average septal shape, we dissected septums from 40 fresh human cadavers. Thickness was measured across pre-defined points on each specimen. Image processing in Photoshop was used to superimpose lateral photographs of the septums to determine the average shape. The average shape was then combined with thickness data to develop a 3D model. This model may be utilized in finite elemental analyses, creating theoretical results about septal properties that are more translatable to real-world clinical practice. Our 3D septum also has numerous applications for 3D printing. Realistic models can be created for educational or surgical planning purposes. In the future, our model could also serve as the basis for 3D-printed scaffolds to aid in tissue regeneration to reconstruct septal defects. The model can be viewed at the NIH 3D model repository (3DPX ID: 020598, Title: 3D Nasal Septum).

Influence of depressive disorders, stress, and personality traits on quality of life after cochlear implantation

PurposeThis study aimed to determine whether preoperative depressiveness, stress, and personality influence quality of life (QOL) after cochlear implant (CI) surgery.MethodsIn this prospective study, 79 patients undergoing CI surgery were evaluated preoperatively and 12 months postoperatively. Disease-specific QOL was assessed with the Nijmegen Cochlear Implant Questionnaire (NCIQ) and general QOL with the WHOQOL-BREF. Depressiveness and stress were assessed with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-D). The Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to classify comorbidities. The Big Five Personality Test (B5T) was used to assess the basic personality dimensions. Speech comprehension was evaluated in quiet with the Freiburg monosyllable test and in noise with the Oldenburg sentence test.ResultsAfter CI surgery, the total NCIQ score improved significantly (Δ 17.1 ± 14.7, p < 0.001). General QOL (WHOQOL-BREF, Δ 0.4 ± 9.9, p = 0.357), stress (Δ 0.25 ± 3.21, p = 0.486), and depressiveness (Δ 0.52 ± 3.21, p = 0.121) were unaffected by CI surgery. Patients without elevated depressiveness (p < 0.01) or stress (p < 0.001) had significantly better total NCIQ scores. The results of the multiple regression analyses show that, after adjusting for the CCI, personality, age, and mental health stress (ß = − 0.495, p < 0.001) was significantly associated with postoperative NCIQ outcome scores. Depressiveness and neuroticism had the strongest influence on the generic QOL (ß = − 0.286 and ß = − 0.277, p < 0.05).ConclusionStress symptoms and personality traits are significant predictive factors for disease-specific QOL, as well as hearing status. This should be considered in the preoperative consultation and in optimizing the rehabilitation process.