Basic Difficulties Research Articles

Development of phonetic skills of students in teaching English in a non-linguistic university

Importance. The topicality of teaching students the right pronunciation is explained by the fact that phonetic aspect is one of the components of the language competence. The problem of necessity of forming a phonetic competence of students studying a foreign language at a non-linguistic institution is considered. The aim of the study is to consider the difficulties of developing students’ phonetic skills when teaching English in a non-linguistic university, as well as the suggestion of measures to eliminate these difficulties.Materials and Methods. Within the framework of the research, referring to modern scientific sources on the problem posed, the basic difficulties have been revealed, the material related to measures on solving the difficulties of students in the development of pronunciation skills has been systematized and generalized, various measures to eliminate errors and improve pronunciation skills have been proposed.Results and Discussion. The examples of traditional phonetic exercises of varying complexity, as well as innovative ones, the use of which is supposed to improve the pronunciation skills of students, are considered; methods for assessing phonetic skills have been defined.Conclusion. Forming of phonetic competence is an important component of the general language competence of students. By means of a variety of teaching materials, active practice and creating a suitable environment, students can improve their phonetic skills and achieve a higher level of English proficiency. The practical application of the results of the research can be used in teaching English at a non-linguistic university.

A Study on Resolving Dynamic analysis using deep learning Framework Logical Methods

Deep learning technologies have gained a great deal of interest in recent months for demonstrating material removal capabilities in a variety of separation, categorization, as well as other machine vision activities. The majority of these deep networks are built employing convolution or completely convolution structures. Our suggested Dynamic and Static gestures System guided by a hand gesture high dimensional data methodology We use a snapshot of a human's thoracic spine to determine the person's depth and the size of the space around his or her hands. In this research, we provide a novel object-based deep-learning framework for semantic segmentation of extremely high-resolution satellite data. In specifically, we leverage object-based prior record by augmenting a fully convolutional neural network's training strategy with an anisotropic diffusion data pre-processing phase and an additional loss term. The goal of this restricted framework is to ensure that similar visual data is assigned to the same semantic class. Here, we employ intermediate steps based on traditional image processing techniques to aid in the resolution of the subsequent problem of classification, detection, or segmentation. Research shows that adding pre- and post-processing steps to a deep learning pipeline can boost model performance over using only the network. Recent advances in UQ algorithms used for deep learning are analysed, and their potential for use in relevance feedback is addressed. It also emphasizes basic research difficulties and directions linked with UQ. Quantifiably, man-made classes with more precise geometry, such as buildings, benefited the most from our strategy, particularly along object borders, indicating the developed approach's enormous potential. The purpose of this paper is to offer an overview of the approaches used inside deep learning frameworks to either appropriately prepare the input (pre-processing) or enhance the outcomes of the network output (post-processing), with an emphasis on digital pathology image analysis.

Childhood trauma and differential response to long-term psychoanalytic versus cognitive-behavioural therapy for chronic depression in adults.

Childhood trauma is a major risk factor for chronic depression. It has been suggested that adults with chronic depression who have experienced childhood trauma may require long-term treatment owing to a breakdown of basic trust and related difficulties in developing a productive therapeutic relationship. As empirical studies have been preliminary and scarce, we studied the effects of psychoanalytic therapy (PAT) versus cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT) for chronic depression in adults with a history of childhood trauma. In this subgroup, we expected a greater symptom reduction in PAT compared with CBT. In a large trial of long-term psychotherapies for chronic depression (LAC-Study; Clinical Trial Register ISRCTN91956346), 210 adults received open-ended CBT or PAT in an out-patient setting and were examined yearly over 5 years on the Beck Depression Inventory - II (BDI-II). Based on a linear mixed model approach, we tested participant-reported childhood trauma based on the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) as a predictor and moderator of treatment outcome. CTQ subscales were examined exploratively. Depressive symptoms decreased over time (b = -4.55, s.e. = 0.90, 95% CI -6.32 to -2.81, T = -5.08; P < 0.001). A significant three-way interaction between childhood trauma, time and therapy group (b = -0.05, s.e. = 0.02, 95% CI -0.09 to -0.01, T = -2.42; P = 0.016) indicated that participants with childhood trauma profited especially well from PATs. Our results indicate differential benefits from PAT compared with CBT among adults with chronic depression and a history of childhood trauma. The results have important implications for differential indication and policy.

Calcium Orthophosphate (CaPO4) Containing Composites for Biomedical Applications: Formulations, Properties, and Applications

The goal of this review is to present a wide range of hybrid formulations and composites containing calcium orthophosphates (abbreviated as CaPO4) that are suitable for use in biomedical applications and currently on the market. The bioactive, biocompatible, and osteoconductive properties of various CaPO4-based formulations make them valuable in the rapidly developing field of biomedical research, both in vitro and in vivo. Due to the brittleness of CaPO4, it is essential to combine the desired osteologic properties of ceramic CaPO4 with those of other compounds to create novel, multifunctional bone graft biomaterials. Consequently, this analysis offers a thorough overview of the hybrid formulations and CaPO4-based composites that are currently known. To do this, a comprehensive search of the literature on the subject was carried out in all significant databases to extract pertinent papers. There have been many formulations found with different material compositions, production methods, structural and bioactive features, and in vitro and in vivo properties. When these formulations contain additional biofunctional ingredients, such as drugs, proteins, enzymes, or antibacterial agents, they offer improved biomedical applications. Moreover, a lot of these formulations allow cell loading and promote the development of smart formulations based on CaPO4. This evaluation also discusses basic problems and scientific difficulties that call for more investigation and advancements. It also indicates perspectives for the future.

Health needs in a quilombo remnant community: access to medical care, exams and medicines

The aim is to understand the health needs of a quilombola community in the interior of Bahia. This is research, of an exploratory and cross-sectional nature, with a qualitative and analytical-descriptive approach, based on the Theories of Social Representations and Collective Memory. Carried out with 24 elderly people who lived in a Quilombo Remnant Community in the interior of Bahia. A questionnaire was applied with Sociodemographic and Health data, and other with Semi-structured Interview. The Bardin Content Analysis technique and the IRAMUTEQ computational tool were used. It was learned that the perception of the people interviewed regarding health needs in the community and with regard to access to medical assistance, exams and medicines, permeates a weakened understanding regarding the structuring guidelines of the Unified Health System, since the reality of these communities goes through basic difficulties in access to primary health care.

Research on the Development Status and Strategies of Carbon Emission Trading in China

Carbon emission trading has become an important tool for countries around the world to reduce and control carbon emissions. To reduce carbon emissions and promote sustainable development, “peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality” has become a national development strategy in China, and the carbon trading market is gradually improving. The paper first analyzes the main policies of carbon emissions trading in China, and then summarizes the basic process and difficulties of carbon emissions trading. Finally, the main suggestions for promoting carbon emissions trading are proposed, including: firstly, improving the carbon emissions trading system. The second is to reasonably and accurately calculate the total carbon emissions, as well as the actual emissions of various regions, industries, and enterprises. Thirdly, establish a sound legal and regulatory system. The fourth is to learn from foreign experiences and develop flexible and dynamic trading mechanisms.

Contamination Level Prediction: Progress in Species Separation by TGA/MS

Molecular contamination can be detrimental to spacecraft life expectancy as it may induce changes to the properties of the surfaces on which it deposits. In order to control these potential issues, manufacturers need to assess in-flight contamination levels in the quite early design phases, possibly leading to design changes or extra material bake-out to fulfil requirements. The accuracy of model assessments may thus have direct impacts on missions and costs. Prediction of outgassing and deposition at mission timescale is done by extrapolating short-term on-ground experimental results, by fitting the latter with some empirical or physical laws. Common methods are the power law interpolation (in isothermal conditions) or the residence time approach (with thermally activated time constants), which leads to exponential decays in isothermal conditions. Although they allow fitting the measured outgassed flux over few-day-long experiments, their extrapolation to ten or fifteen-year-long missions is more challenging. Validating empirical laws might involve long-term empirical comparisons, while obviously the validation of physical models should start with checking their physics. In spite of many years trying, a basic difficulty was yet found to block significant progress on physical validation. As long as measurements are limited to the total mass on QCMs it looks possible to fit data as a sum of almost any law, such as residence time or diffusion models e.g. for outgassing. Following this observation, a conclusion was drawn that the only way to discriminate between two different physics was to characterize contamination at chemical species level. Such characterizations are a prerequisite to unravel the physics at play during several phenomena: outgassing, deposit films dynamics, photochemistry, environment/ATOX interactions, etc. This innovative approach, presented herein, aims at identifying outgassed contaminants by means of coupled thermogravimetric analysis and mass spectrometry. For this purpose, this paper reports the successful species separation and identification of contaminants outgassed from a material used in space applications: the epoxy adhesive Scotchweld EC-9323-2.

Influence of financing water protection measures in the field of transport on water quality of water bodies

Transport is a major water consumer and source of environmental pollution, including water resources. In order to preserve and improve water quality in water bodies at industrial and transport enterprises, including railway enterprises, water protection measures entailing permanent signifi cant funding are required. The study is aimed to develop a methodology for determining dependence of water quality of the water body on the real financing of water protection measures; theoretical justifi cation of the choice of water quality of the water body from the quality of wastewater (WW) of water users, discharging them into the water body and amount of financing of water protection measures. The solution of the task of determining the best water quality in a water body under limited fi nancing of water protection measures and rational distribution of fi nancial resources between water users, including transport infrastructure objects, is proposed. Financing of water protection measures in Russia is less than abroad and has been decreasing over the last three decades. The limits for pollutant concentrations in pollutant discharges into water bodies and water disposal systems in Russia are often set very strict, sometimes more stringent than those for drinking water, which leads to unjustifi ed spending of investment costs. It is pointed out that at present in Russia market relations in the field of nature and, in particular, water use have not been formed. The basic diffi culties at realization of these relations in our country are designated. When using the proposed methodology, the rational quality of water resources of water users by limiting pollutants and the rational distribution of funds for water protection measures among water users within the limited amount of financing are determined. The extent to which water quality in a water body changes is also determined. The possibility of practical application of the proposed methodology is considered.

CDIO стандарт, арга зүйг гадаад хэл судлалын мэргэжлийн хөтөлбөрт нэвтрүүлэх асуудалд

In the modern era, people are considering that whether the curriculum of universities are focused on the necessary skills for real life or not. Thus, some traditional methods and curriculum contents in the curriculum of universities should be changed and developed permanently. Because of this, educators are beginning to implement outcome-based education after analyzing its basic principles, implementation opportunities and difficulties. Recently, the experience and experimentation of the outcome-based education and its standard and methodologies have been introduced into the curriculum for undergraduate engineering and technology programs. The insufficient number of research conducted on how the standard and methods have been correlating to the curriculum of humanities has been taken into consideration. In the present article some concepts of the Common European Framework and the CDIO standard and methodologies have been compared as well as the analysis on the relevant curriculum has been made.

Economic Growth Models with Heterogeneous Discounting

A survey of theoretical economic growth models with agents having different subjective discount factors is proposed. The structure of equilibrium paths in such models, their dynamics and convergence to stationary equilibria, and the relationship with Pareto optimal paths are described. Models with socially determined discount factors in which time preferences are formed endogenously are discussed, and the basic difficulties associated with social choice in the case of heterogeneous discount factors are examined. The models presented in the paper shed light on internal mechanisms of a market economy that lead to the division of society into the rich and the poor.

Introduction of digital technologies in education - Concepts and experiences

During the last decades technologies of information and communication technologies made a lot of progress, which increased the quantity and quality of distance education programs and the upcoming blended learning models. However, some basic difficulties in defining meaningful terms instead of buzzwords, often used in the present debate, will be discussed to raise consciousness of the rather vague terminology. The progress of digital technologies offered also a chance for better inclusion of disadvantaged parts of the population. The focus lies on the young generation of school attendants and how technology-oriented programs can provide better inclusion. We put a regional focus on development in Latin America. To highlight some of the issues discussed before, we will present a detailed case study about the Argentinean project “ConectarIgualdad”. We have also added a brief comparison with some other Latin American Initiatives. Summarizing we list considerations for a successful inclusive application of digital technologies in education.

Perception of First Year Medical Students towards a New Histology Module in a Medical College in Eastern India: A Quasi-Experimental Study

Introduction: The post-COVID (Coronavirus) era, the transition of our country towards a competency-based curriculum, and our fundamental goal to improve students’ learning experience and academic performance expedite the need to introduce new strategies to the existing teaching-learning method based on principles of medical education in the form of a structured module. Among all subdivisions of anatomy, this is especially relevant for histology because microscopic anatomy poses a basic difficulty associated with the comprehension of microscopic details of human tissues through the novice, untrained eyes of the freshly-admitted first-year medical students. Aim: To study the perception of first year medical students towards the new histology teaching module. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted among 85 first year medical students of Medical College, Kolkata, from May 2022 to October 2022, on histology teaching methods, comparing new histology modules versus traditional histology methods. A student survey was conducted to study their perception regarding the difficulties faced by them during their first-semester histology practical examination. After conducting a literature search, a new learner-centered histology module was designed and implemented among students to address these difficulties. Forty-eight histology sessions were conducted using the new module over a total duration of six months. Students’ feedback regarding the new module was recorded at the end of the sixth month. The collected data was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) software version 22.0 (trial version). Results: A total of 84 (98.8%) of students strongly agreed that because of the preliminary self-study time followed by discussions, quizzes, and brainstorming during the histology sessions, they had an improved understanding of the assigned learning areas. Additionally, 81 (95.3%) of students strongly agreed that their drawing skills of histology diagrams had improved due to drawing practice during the sessions. Furthermore, 83 (97.6%) of students reported an improvement in focusing and correctly identifying slides. Moreover, 82 (96.4%) of students felt that the regular formative assessments and immediate feedback improved their readiness for histology examinations. All of them agreed to the continued practice of the new module in future histology sessions. Conclusion: The students’ response towards the module was found to be positive. Addressing the students’ recommendations in the future would increase the chances of generating more support for it and enhancing their motivation towards improved academic performance in histology examinations.

Technological, legal, and sociological summary of biometric technology usage

The article presents biometric systems from three different standpoints. Technological standpoint, where the focus is laid on biometric system usage by the general public. Explaining basic terms and difficulties using various biometric characteristics. It also shortly describes how recognition works in several biometric characteristics (fingerprint, face, iris, and signature). After that is the legal standpoint, which is focused mainly on European Union law, where the often-mentioned GDPR is discussed, this basic legal regulation places a significantly higher standard than the previous legislation on the processing of biometric data as a particular category of personal data. Lastly, the article shows a sociological standpoint. In that part, different attitudes towards biometric technologies are discussed within the world population and different groups of the Czech Republic population. In the latest survey done by the authors in 2020 was found that age, and education play a vital role in the knowledge about biometric systems.

HGKM: An Efficient Hybrid Group Key Management for Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles MBN in Wireless Network Environment

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) have been seen as a related advancement to Group Key Management (GKM) applications. Remembering the true objective to guarantee amass applications and disallow uncertified clients from getting to the correspondence data that cannot be anchored by a remote MANET, including IP multicast, the singular gathered data content must remain encoded by a typical shared gathering key. Key administration is required to anchor the assurance of gathering the key and to safeguard those gathering data. GKM framework is associated with the remote system condition partners with three issues: execution, security, and system versatility. This article focuses on the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)-mobile backbone node (MBN) remote system performance. The UAV-MBN Network condition is a military system that includes a proposal to group an important administrative structure. A half-and-half gathering key administration technique, which works on each target of UAV-MBN, is included in an arrangement to start two basic remote gathering key administration difficulties: (1) operational performance and (2) multiple-enrollment development. By working with minimal small-scale key administration, this strategy can diminish the execution cost associated with the key administration along with the increment operational execution of remote GKM. Scaled-down key organization is carried out in the context of these movement units. The key administration approach also restricted the operational procedure and decreased the operation’s cost in terms of key generation, figuring, and associated correspondence. Overall, the HGKM strategy that has been introduced enhances the operational process and functions effectively in reasonable remote areas.

Application of bioradiophotonics methods for the processing of bioelectric signals

The application of modern and perspective bioradiophotonics methods on the basis of optical and acousto-optic devices for the processing of bioelectric signals (BES) have been considered. The basic application difficulties of these methods are connected with the fact that the studied signals are of low frequencies, and development of special actions are required for the processing devices adapting. It has been proposed to introduce into acousto-optic processing system with time integration the bioelectric signals using method of high frequency carrier with linear frequency modulation which is modulated by low frequency signal. The system configuration has to provide the realization of convolution procedure; hence, the used Bragg cells must be oriented oppositely to each other. The performed analysis has shown that it is possible to realize both signal power spectrum calculation and its wavelet transform; the presence of carrier is obligatory for both kinds of processing. Also, the method of the preliminary BES compression has been proposed for its transmission into the high frequency area. In this case, the possibility occurs to introduce the signal into the acousto-optic processing system with spatial integration. In the simple acousto-optic correlator with the reference transparency the envelope of the correlation function is formed depending on time. Using the set of the reference transparencies in the multichannel correlator, it is possible to realize the prolonged BES wavelet analysis using the mother wavelet. The optical preliminary BES processing can be also performed using liquid crystal arrays. The analysis of the processing of electrocardiac signals obtained from the experimental animals (rats) has been listed using the liquid crystal array for the signal introduction into optical processing system. It has been shown that both spectral and wavelet processing can be realized in this case without using of the high frequency carrier by the low frequency signal. The use of the obtained results will make it possible to create a new family of devices for wavelet processing of bioelectrical signals implemented in real time which will make an important contribution to improving the diagnosis of diseases of the cardiovascular system, the cortex, and the central nervous system.

Optimal Design of Language Teaching Strategy System Based on Smart Video Mode.

The accuracy of video and goal enables students to learn and strengthen their ability constantly. Strengthening our country's study initiative degree can promote student study more effectively. As a new teaching method, students can not only obtain the basic knowledge, learning priorities, and difficulties needed for learning through video, but also understand the content of the text, the content of the article, and even cultivate students' interest in many related languages, such as writing, text, sound, image, color, and video, which can be displayed, clarified, and displayed intuitively, creating a free and relaxed learning environment, an interesting background teaching process, encouraging students to experience emotion, including physical experience, and being open and open. Establishing a complete and comprehensive ideological channel to further improve students' acceptance of information is helpful for students' analysis and training, understanding, and evaluation. Therefore, this paper first identifies video and excavates the intrinsic value of video application. This can provide technical and methodological support for the design of video teaching system.

University Instructors’ Views on Courses Delivered Online

The health emergency is compelling us to adopt new habits, including education-related practices. Therefore, it may be worth considering targeted teaching strategies and their future development. Current research in e-learning and technology-supported teaching has recently developed in an attempt to identify possible future transformations at all levels of education.This paper focuses on tertiary-level education and describes a study on educators’ views on courses delivered via Moodle during the pandemic and on the most commonly used pedagogical models.Using a case study on methodology, the author analyses some possible forms of online education, from the most basic, to those implemented through a combination of digital activities and resources, and their application at the University of Urbino (Italy). Data were collected by means of a questionnaire administered to 231 university teachers during the first year of the pandemic.The findings suggest that there is a good basic tendency to use technology but also inevitable stress that is however combined with an underlying sense of satisfaction. The educators’ technological skills, their tools, and the advice offered by the institution appear satisfactory, while students seem to have found some basic difficulties in accessing online lessons. The most commonly used didactic practices are sharing files via Moodle, using web conferencing software and text chats during lessons. Finally, future developments are to be expected as lecturers express their willingness to continue using the same technological resources that they have found most effective during the COVID-19 emergency.

Application of cloud computing key technology in aerospace TT&amp;C

Abstract The basic concepts, technical implementation, and application scenarios of computer simulation, virtualization, and cloud computing are intertwined and each has its characteristics. In this article, the basic concepts, necessity, feasibility, and core difficulties of computer simulation, virtualization, and cloud computing are analyzed. Also, the application prospects of the three technologies are expounded, the technical differences are analyzed, and the application of some key technologies in the data center is introduced. The generalization of computer simulation technology, the specialization of virtualization technology, and the systematization of cloud computing technology are expounded, which represent the mainstream direction of technology development in the field of information and communication at this stage. The application examples of the three in the aerospace telemetry, tracking, and command field are taken to illustrate that information technology essentially serves the business logic of their respective fields, which also well reflects the basic characteristics of demand-oriented, safety-oriented, innovation, and long-term development. It has guiding significance for the technical orientation, technical selection, and engineering implementation of information system architecture design.

ENHANCING THE SECURITY AND INTEGRITY OF MEDICAL INFORMATION THROUGH WATER MARKING

Ongoing headways in another period of e- wellbeing and telemedicine advancements present more current open doors for sharing clinical information when an open correspondence station is utilized. Notwithstanding, this trade is confronting basic difficulties of copyright insurance, content validation, and respectability check. Hence, because of the popularity for safe control of patient's clinical data, computerized watermarking is expected, as a worth added instrument, for secure clinical information the executives. In this review, another reversible watermarking method for the security of clinical recordings is proposed. The patient personality is inserted, as a watermark, into the host clinical recordings. A calculation is embraced for choosing the ideal casings in every video shot. This approach incorporates the utilization of polynomial change strategies, to recognize the best watermark implanting regions in the ideal casings. Exploratory outcomes exhibit high subtlety of the watermark and solid vigor against various assaults. Thus, our calculation approves the safety efforts that guarantee a successful control of clinical recordings. Software Tools: Image processing Toolbox of MATLAB version 2016a Key Words: Watermarking, Biomedical imaging, Discrete wavelet transform,,PSNR

Ensemble wind speed prediction system based on envelope decomposition method and fuzzy inference evaluation of predictability

As an indispensable part of the current global power system, wind energy has always been the focus of research over the world. In the production process of wind power, wind speed is a crucial factor and the requirements for wind speed prediction accuracy are increasing in practical applications. Therefore, as the main contribution of this paper, a novel decomposition-recognition-integration-prediction system (DRIPS) is proposed based on a newly developed predictive difficulty index (PDI) that synthesizes complexity, chaos, and long-term dependence of time series data. PDI comprehensively quantifies the basic characteristics and prediction difficulty of the series, filling the gap in the existing intuitionistic evaluation method. To verify the predictive ability and effectiveness of DRIPS, we select two American on-shore wind sites (Nolan and Kern) as the site of the experiments. At each site, the 10-minute-interval wind speed for three months in 2018 is collected as experimental samples. The simulation results show that DRIPS can provide excellent performance in the accuracy of wind speed prediction. In terms of deterministic prediction and uncertainty prediction, DRIPS performs less than 2% on the mean absolute percentage error for point prediction and less than 0.5 on the predictive interval score for interval prediction. Such performance is significantly better than that of the common prediction models such as BP, SVM, etc. Moreover, By comparing the experimental results of different integration strategies, the integration strategy based on PDI can improve the prediction accuracy significantly.