Basic Design Concepts Research Articles

DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF REPROMASTER DYEING MACHINE

Dyeing is a process of complete colouration of textiles, and this can be achieved by the type and the extent of pre-treatment imputed to produce an excellent absorbency and whiteness. Quality dyeing depends on factors such as pH, form of textile, type of fibre, formulation of dyeing recipe, initial preparation of dye solution, liquor mixture ratio, and selection of machinery mixing speed. This research work illustrates basic design and fabrication concepts of repromaster dyeing machine and also to achieve effective implementation of the ideal technology of dyeing. This machine was designed and fabricated to carry out textile dyeing for mass production. Although selection of machine depends on type of process to be carried out, which are batch, semi-continuous or continuous dyeing process. This repromaster dyeing is a continous process machine with an excellent dye output, it is faster, require less skill to operate and cost effective. This research work concept provides some firsthand information on some basic dyeing processes. KEYWORDS: Repromaster, machine, dyeing, working principle, continuous, fibre, colouration.

A brief review: basic coil designs for inductive power transfer

The inductive power transfer (IPT) has contributed to the fast growth of the electric vehicle (EV) market. The technology to recharge the EV battery has attracted the attention of many researchers and car manufacturers in developing green transportation. In IPT charging system, the coil design is indispensable in enhancing the EV battery charging process performance. This paper starts by describing the two charging techniques; static charging and dynamic charging before further presents the IPT system descriptions. Afterwards, this paper describes a brief review of coil designs which discusses the critical factors that affect the power transmission efficiency (PTE) including their basic designs, design concepts and features merits. The discussions on the basic coil designs for IPT are of the circular spiral coil (CSC), square coil (SC), rectangular coil (RC), and double-D coil (DDC). Furthermore, the significant advantages and limitations of each research on different geometries are analyzed and discussed in this paper. Finally, this paper evaluates some essential aspects that influence the coil geometry designs in practical.

Development of a novel boring tool with anisotropic dynamic stiffness to avoid chatter vibration in cutting: Part 1: Design of anisotropic structure to attain infinite dynamic stiffness

This paper presents a novel design method of the anisotropic structure to attain infinite dynamic stiffness to avoid chatter vibration in boring operations. Because a long and slender tool is used for boring operations, the stiffness of the tool holder is likely to decrease, resulting in low chatter stability. Although it is difficult to improve the stiffness of the boring holder itself, the nominal dynamic stiffness for the cutting process can be improved by designing an appropriate anisotropy in the dynamic stiffness of the boring tool. In this study, we formulate a theoretical relationship between the mechanical structural dynamics and chatter stability in boring operation and present the basic concept of tool design with anisotropic structure. In the actual tool design, ideal anisotropy may not be realized because of the influence of design error. Therefore, an analytical study was conducted to clarify the influence of the design error on the vibration suppression effect. Analytical investigations verified that the similarity of the frequency response functions in the modal coordinate system and the design of the compliance ratio according to the machining conditions are important. Furthermore, we designed a boring tool with an anisotropic structure which can achieve the proposed anisotropic dynamics. The frequency response function was evaluated utilizing FEM analysis. The estimated anisotropic dynamics of the proposed structure could significantly improve the nominal dynamics for boring operations.

Application Analysis of WF / HDPE Composite in Landscape Design

Based on the brief introduction of the basic concept of landscape design, the anti-aging properties of WF / HDPE composite with UV-326 absorbent and WF / HDPE composite with UV-P absorbent were compared, It is concluded that the UV-P modified WF / HDPE composite can replace the UV-326 modified WF / HDPE composite in landscape design, The effects of UV-P and UV-326 contents on the aging resistance of WF / HDPE composites were analyzed. The application of UV-P modified WF / HDPE composite in modern landscape design is presented, and the structure and application place of paving board are introduced.

Study on Urban Design of Coastal Tourism Areas

Liao, S.; Xie, Y., and Xiao, F., 2020. Study on urban design of a coastal tourism areas. In: Gong, D.; Zhang, M., and Liu, R. (eds.), Advances in Coastal Research: Engineering, Industry, Economy, and Sustainable Development. Journal of Coastal Research, Special Issue No. 106, pp. 372–376. Coconut Creek (Florida), ISSN 0749-0208.At present, coastal cities are changing toward information, intelligent, ecological, and other directions, which requires urban design with various complex factors. Through effective urban design, resources can be effectively allocated, balancing economic and environmental development, which is an important means of tourism development in coastal cities. The regional natural and cultural characteristics should be analyzed, because they are important factors in planning and design cases. At present, the functions of coastal cities will become more and more complex, requiring the construction of city characteristics, space humanization, and so on. Urban design is the overall design of the complex system of the city, which pays more attention to the framework creation and the guidance of urban development. Urban design is a multisolution process and a continuous basis system that will feed back dynamic urban governance, which is a professional category that comprehensively deals with system element relations, public value orientation, and high-quality urban environment concepts. The basic concept of urban design consists of mixed functions, land use, public transport, public vitality creation, and medium- and high-density urban texture, which has gradually become a consensus. This paper analyzes the key methods of urban design, which will be an important reference for the planning of coastal city tourist areas.

ПРОЕКТУВАННЯ МОДНОГО ОДЯГУ НА ОСНОВІ ПРИНЦИПІВ ПАРАМЕТРИЧНОГО ДИЗАЙНУ

The purpose of this article is to define and characterize design and composite solutions of objects of parametric design, their adaptation to the formation of tectonic structure of clothing models and the development of a fashionable costume collection.In the study of basic concepts of parametric design, a comparative analysis was conducted, visual-graphic means of artistic and stylistic generalization and interpretation in various fields ofdesign and architecture were applied.The analysis of collections of designer brands' clothing was carried out by using composite analysis and method of systems design. The system-structural approach and graphical modeling of the form were applied to determine the conceptual decisions, to form the project image of the costume collection and to develop clothing models. The principles and peculiarities of shaping in parametric design, as well as the means of their implementation in the objects of architecture, sculpture, in the design of costume and accessories, are investigated. The development of parametric design in the formation of actual models of clothing, taking into account world trends in the modern market is investigated in the paper. The design and compositional means and structural elements of the parametric design in the project image creating and the development of the clothing collection are characterized. Theoretical substantiation of artistic and stylistic modifications of the project image with the use of parametric elements of forms determined the ways of their transfer and transformation in the development of fashionable clothing of mass demand. Based on the analysis of the creativity of fashion designers in this area, the relevance of the costume design on the basis of parametric characteristics of architectural objects has been revealed. It describes 3D printing tools, sophisticated articulation and repetition of form elements as the guiding principles of parametric design embodied in clothing design. The study for the first time comprehensively considered the means of adapting the features of parametric design objects in the formation of tectonic structure of actual costume models.

Temporactive pavilion: second design-to-construction loop of an ultra-lightweight temporary architecture

ABSTRACT The paper presents the design to construction process of an ultra-lightweight hybrid temporary structure consisting of a combination of bending-active glass fiber-reinforced polymers arches, a restraining system made of stainless steel cables, and a translucent membrane envelope. After a brief introduction to the basic design concepts and versatility of the modular system to create different shapes, the paper focuses on the fast-track erection procedure that enables to build the pavilion in a very short time. A multi-disciplinary team had collaborated at the design development of the temporary pavilion, built with the aim of deepening a wide range of aspects that are peculiar to temporary architecture. The aim of the second design-to-construction loop, following the first loop which resulted in the construction of the first full-scale prototype, is two-fold: firstly to optimize the innovative mix of lightweight structural components with the aim of reducing the total weight of the building (and thus facilitate transport and installation), and secondly to test the technical details designed to favor reversibility and to ensure the re-usability of the structure for multiple cycles of use. The paper concludes by showing the results achieved and the lesson learned from the first construction of the temporary pavilion in occasion of a one-week event and anticipating the further studies regarding the interface between structure and membrane envelope, also in relation to the building expected life-span and requirements.

Accessibility and Connectivity Concept Between Motorcycles and Pedestrians at Education District

Land Transport Academy is one district of the education on Bekasi. Vehicle and pedestrian are the main traffic movement in the education district especially pedestrian and motorcycle. The condition of pedestrian facilities is not yet enough and not optimum, that be causing conflict between motorcycle and pedestrian. The conflict could to decrease level of road safety and to increase in road accident. Recently, the government has issued the Regulation of Safe and Safety Route for Schools (RASS) is focus for pedestrian safety at education district. This paper aims to propose the concept of accessibility and connectivity at education district, which could decrease road accident with develop safety routes for pedestrian. Basic concept of design was protected the pedestrian and decrease conflict between motorcycle and pedestrians. Research methodology includes observation of pedestrian and motorcycles movement, traffic counting, land use inventory of education district and pedestrian facilities. Data is analyzed by using qualitative description. The result is used to show separate pathway of pedestrians with traffic lane will be increasing of pedestrian safety. The separate pathway of pedestrians with traffic lane is to decrease conflict. The concepts of a school safety zone (Zoss) and pedestrian safety are very important for students in the education district.

An experimental study on eccentrically braced beam-through steel frames with replaceable shear links

Prefabricated tension-only concentrically braced beam-through frames (BTFs) have received popularity for low-rise steel buildings in low to moderate seismic regions. However, the deteriorating pinched hysteretic behaviour of the tension-only concentric braces limits the energy dissipation capability of such systems under earthquakes. This study presents a modified eccentrically braced lateral force-resisting system aiming to enhance the energy dissipation capability of the BTFs. Meanwhile, seismic resilience is promoted with the utilization of replaceable shear link beams acting as structural fuses. The structural configuration and the basic design concept of the proposed eccentrically braced BTFs is first introduced. The essential mechanical characteristics of this bracing system are subsequently described with a simplified theoretical model. Seven full-scale eccentrically braced BTF specimens are subsequently tested, where the effects of link length, bracing angle, and link section are examined. The test results show that short links tend to improve the stiffness, load resistance and ductility of the BTF due to the exhibited shear-dominant behaviour. An increase in bracing angle leads to increased lateral stiffness and load resistance but at the cost of reduced ductility. Reducing the link section helps delay the development of weld cracks and results in better ductility of the structural fuse. The test results also warn that weld defects and inappropriate design of the link beam would induce brittle weld fractures at the ends of the link and lead to unsatisfactory ductility.

Bearing mechanism and bearing capacity analysis of bidirectional crimping uplift pile

Through the analysis of the design, mechanism of action and mechanics principle of bidirectional crimping uplift pile, the scientificalness and feasibility of method are further expounded. The basic concept, basic principle and method of the secondary structure function design are given, Emphasis is placed on the research and application of structural functions in the later stages of deformation to optimize structural design and the potential for structural play. The research shows that the compressive and pull-up bearing capacity of the bidirectional crimping uplift pile is not lower than that of the muti-plate-pile. Compared with the same volume of concrete square pile, the uplift capacity is increased by 170%; the construction process is more reasonable and extensive. Applicability, in the context of industrial building products, has significant economic benefits.

Sustainable Settlement of Pojok Tengah Village on Cimahi City as The Center of Spicy Cassava Chips Industry

Settlement Pojok Tengah Village on Kademangan Road of the Cimahi City is a residential food industry of spicy cassava chips, which has the potential to be processed and organized into the center of cassava chips industry, as technology develops, these settlements have good potential for future prospects so that the Mayor of Cimahi establishes these settlements as the Center of Cassava Chips Industry. Currently, the development of industrial center is still irregular, so it needs a necessary planning and design for the arrangement of Pojok Tengah Village on Kademangan Road of the Cimahi City. The purpose of sustainable settlement is to maximizing social, economic and environmental on humanitarian settings in Pojok Tengah Village. To achieve the suitability of the area, the pattern of mass order and mass typology found in Pojok Tengah Village on Kademangan Road will be identified, so that the origin of the cassava chips food industry center will be known with all the manufacturing process activities and also the supporting shopping facilities needed by visitors for the future. The method used in this paper was qualitative method applying descriptive analysis. The data were taken from literature studies, relevant agencies, and community with local leaders in the settlement. The results of this analysis showed that an approach can be obtained and used in the preparation of programs and basic concepts of planning and design for the future. The arrangement of the area can be made dynamically and still maintain the elements of locality by adopting the formation of simple geometric buildings, on Kademangan Road of, Cimahi City and the locality of houses in the village area.

Design and validation of a fuel assembly simulator for PGSFR reactor flow distribution test facility

A test facility to investigate the flow characteristics inside reactor vessel for the Prototype Gen-IV Sodium-cooled Fast Reactor was constructed. In the test facility, reactor vessel and the main in-vessel components are linearly reduced at a scaling ratio of 1/5 and water is used as the working fluid. In the reactor vessel of the test facility, the main components such as core, UIS, PHTS pump and IHX are installed. The exteriors of the main components are conserved following the scaling ratio of 1/5, but the internal flow paths inside the fuel assemblies and IHXs are uniquely designed for precise measurement of flow rate and conserving the pressure drop characteristics. In order to determine the configuration and specific dimension of the internal flow path, separate analysis and experiment for validation are required. In the present paper, the basic design concept of internal flow path for fuel assembly simulator used for the reactor flow distribution test was established, and the detailed size of main design factors were estimated using commercial CFD code. The internal flow path of the simulator is composed of a receptacle, variable-resistance rotating orifice spool, venturi tube, and connection lines. The flow rate through the simulator could be estimated by measuring the differential pressure between inlet section and the throat of the venturi tube. The orifice spool is installed at the downstream of the receptacle, by which entire pressure drop through the simulator is controlled. A series of CFD analysis was conducted to estimate the throat diameter of the venturi tube and the size of the holes at the orifices. The geometry of the orifice is determined to obtain target pressure drop when the angle between two orifice plates is from 0° to 45°. The design specifications were applied to the fabrication of the fuel assembly simulators, and the performance of them was verified experimentally. The pressure drop of 112 fuel assembly simulators was successfully adjusted to be within ±1% of the target pressure drop. The relationship between the mass flow rate and differential pressure of the venturi tube was also obtained, and empirical correlation was suggested.

Functional Surface Reasoning Strategies in Product Growth Design

Based on the systematic analysis on the principles of conceptual design, the key technologies of functional surface reasoning in product growth design are discussed. Firstly, the basic concept of product growth design, functional surface as well as Generalized Positioning Principle (GPP) are given. Secondly, the functional design principles based on function surface reasoning are proposed, in which three reasoning rules on relationships among functional surfaces are developed. Thirdly, by transferring the product motion into its relative mechanical transmission, functional-surfaces relationship reasoning strategies are put forward based on kinematic joints. Those methods offer good analyses and descriptions of the orderly evolution process of the product function and structure, in a proper sequence from functional requirements to functional models, then to product motion transmission chain, finally to functional surface pairs constructing the product motion transmission chain. Finally, an example is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Searching for neutrinoless double-beta decay with GERDA

The GERDA experiment searches for the lepton number violating neutrinoless double-beta decay of 76Ge operating bare, enriched Ge diodes in liquid argon. The broad energy germanium (BEGe) detectors, feature an excellent background discrimination from the analysis of the time profile of the detector signals, while the instrumentation of the cryogenic liquid volume surrounding the germanium detectors acts as an active veto to further suppress the external background. With a total exposure of 82.4 kg yr , GERDA remains in the background-free regime and a median sensitivity on the half-life of T1∕20ν>1.1×1026 yr (90% C.L.) is achieved. We observed no signal and derive a lower limit of T1∕20ν>0.9×1026 yr (90% C.L.). In this paper the basic concept of the GERDA design is summarized, with a special focus on the characteristics and performance of germanium semiconductor detector employed. The data taking and the physics results obtained in Phase II are presented together with the last hardware upgrade performed and the expected performance for the full 100 kg yr exposure.

Inflation – Indexed Bonds and Derivatives

This chapter provides an introduction to index-linked securities, including inflation-indexed securities such as TIPS issued by the U.S. government and index-linked gilts issued by the UK government. Basic concepts of bond purpose and design are described in summary, followed by a detailed look at inflation-linked bond yield analysis. This then enables us to look at the concept of the inflation term structure. The second half of the chapter considers inflation-linked derivatives such as inflation-linked bond swaps, year-on-year inflation swaps, and real annuity swaps, together with a look at the use of inflation derivatives for hedging purposes. This includes hedging pension liabilities and restructuring bond portfolios. We then review constructing the inflation term structure and pricing inflation derivatives.

Recreation Concept of The Chocolate Farmer Education Complex in North Kalimantan

The chocolate farmers in North Kalimantan, many do not know how and good chocolate treatment techniques, in order to get quality cocoa with high selling value. So that the resolution of the problem is by increasing the interest of the community, especially cocoa farmers, by providing attractive and comfortable containers, so that cocoa farmers can maximize the natural resources found on Sebatik island, North Kalimantan. To achieve this, the method used is to provide educational buildings, cocoa gardens, and processing facilities in one area. The process of obtaining a recreation concept in the chocolate farmers education complex includes several stages, ranging from identification, case studies, design programs and the basic concept of design. After going through these stages, a recreation concept is obtained in the form of a linear and centralized pattern of land structuring, which is a guide for visitors to access various facilities in the educational complex. It is expected that with the concept of this chocolate farmers education concept, it becomes a place of education and tourism that provides visitors with new comfort and knowledge.

Basic concepts in research methodology and biostatistics for head and neck oncologists

Research is an integral part of head and oncology. Understanding the methodology of research, either clinical or basic science, is important for an oncologist involved in such projects. It is equally essential for a head and neck surgeon, radiation, or medical oncologist to have a working knowledge of the topic so that he/she could be familiar with the current research, articles and latest developments in the field. This article is a primer in Research methodology and Biostatistics, giving a summary of the basic concepts in the study design, measures of treatment effects, hypothesis testing, diagnostic tests, assessment of outcomes, and statistical tests.

Description of the universal model of design system

The article proposes one way to describe the design model. Definitions of the basic concepts of design are given. The design process is considered as a certain representation of the project for the construction of an object in all conditions. Design routes, design operations algorithms, including tools for evaluating user indicators, methods for determining design resources, describe it. The description forms are well known to everyone: maps, circuits, matrix, linear and network models, etc. A model of a design system is considered. The mathematical description of design procedures allows for a deeper analysis and generalization of design analysis data. In a production design system, which is a particular type of more general organizational system, each element has a specific production role associated with a particular person’s position in the production team. Thus, the elemental base of the design system is formed by subsystems, their elements, designers, and each designer carry out the conversion of resources. The model is illustrated by an example.The concepts introduced in the article and the proposed model make it possible to define organizational management as a process of redistributing the organizational system modules over technological and information modules.

Gyrotron multistage depressed collector based on E × B drift concept using azimuthal electric field. II: Upgraded designs

Multistage Depressed Collectors (MDCs) are nontrivial for high-frequency gyrotrons. A basic conceptual design of an E×B MDC using azimuthal electric fields was proposed in Part I of this series. In the present work, several upgraded design proposals based on the basic one will be elaborated. These proposals will significantly reduce the back-stream of electrons, which was the main drawback of the basic design proposal. Another upgraded design proposal will shrink the length and maximal radius of the MDC to be only a fraction of its full-length version. A conceptual design of the final MDC proposal will be given at the end.

The Human Factor in the Aircraft of the 6th Generation: Problems Technosymbiosis

The article is devoted to the problem of technosymbiosis in the aircraft of the 6th generation. We discussed the actual engineering and psychological problems arising in the process of thematic development of aviation equipment of high degree of automation. We explain and criticize the basic concepts of thematic and engineering-psychological design that implement the principle of human inclusion to artificial interfaces and environments. The concept of "multiplication of possibilities" and a symbiotic approach to the integration of the pilot and the aircraft, according to which the integration of the pilot (crew) with the aircraft is of a symbiotic nature, which results in a new techno-biotic self-organizing unity, behaving as a combat unit, focused on achieving decisive superiority over the enemy. We have shown that the problem of technosymbiosis closely connected with the solution of the problem of design of interfaces. Further increase in the degree of integration of the pilot with the interface environment involves going beyond the classical physical and physical-algorithmic interactions. We discuss the problems of trainings system used for pilots training and increasing integration with the control systems of the aircraft. The directions and technologies of technological integration associated with the possibility of implementing the methodology of "multiplication of opportunities" in the design of aviation systems of high degree of automation.