Basic Concepts Research Articles

Development of The Vistori Book on Basic Concepts of Division for Grade II Elementary School Students

The use of textual learning media in elementary school that can help to improve literacy and students' ability to understand stories is still limited, especially when it is integrated with mathematics. The goal of this study is to produce a vistori book on the topic of the basic concept of division for second grade elementary school that is assessed for validity. The ADDIE model, which consists of five phases such as analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation, was used in this study. In this research, data collection involved the utilization of interviews, questionnare, and documentation. The score obtained from expert validation and student responses were calculated using a quantitative descriptive methodology. The findings showed that vistori books get excellent qualifications for both validity and attractiveness. Based on analysis, vistori book media on the basic concept of division for second grade elementary school is qualified for use in learning.

The uncertainty of quantum states with respect to the projective measurement

The uncertainty relation is a distinctive characteristic of quantum theory. The uncertainty is essentially rooted in quantum states. In this work we regard the uncertainty as an intrinsic property of quantum state and characterize it systematically with respect to given projective measurement. Some basic concepts about uncertainty are reformulated in this context. We prove and get the form of the uncertainty preserving operations. The quantum states with maximal uncertainty are characterized. A universal decomposition of uncertainty into classical uncertainty and quantum uncertainty is provided. Furthermore, a unified and general relation among uncertainty, coherence and coherence of assistance is established. These results are independent of any explicit uncertainty measure. At last, we propose a new uncertainty measure called the geometric uncertainty based on the fidelity and link it with the geometric coherence.

The Journey from Basic to Clinical Pharmacology

Background The subjects of basic pharmacology and clinical pharmacology originate from same concepts but have a clear demarcation yet are so inter-linked and netted together that it is very critical and technical to identify and differentiate one from the other. This write-up is basically aimed to discuss and analyze the demarcations and similarities between basic and clinical pharmacology. Methodology Total 10 pharmacologists, pharmacists and medical specialists were recruited to conduct the survey from 1st December 2022 to 15th April 2023 in Northwest School of Medicine. Information was collected via literature search online, consulting Pharmacology books, libraries and discussions with subject experts. Results The basic pharmacology focuses on the study of the effects of substances on the body following experimental data that is collected via animal studies which defines the basic parameters and helps in derivation of the main foundational principles of the subject. Clinical pharmacology although follows the same basic principles and concepts but is the study of these principles in the human subjects rather than the animal studies. These studies are subjects however the two are inter-connected in many ways and the concepts go to and fro from one t the other. Conclusion The basic pharmacology is limited to the animal studies while the clinical pharmacology shelters human clinical trials and the policies, which come with the human studies and therapeutics.

Existence and uniqueness of well-posed fractional boundary value problem.

In this paper, the existence and uniqueness of solution for a fractional differential model involving well-posed boundary conditions and implicit fractional differential equation is considered. The desired goals are achieved by using Banach contraction principle and Scheafer's fixed point theorem. To show the results applicability some examples are presented. The basic mathematical concept of well-posed fractional boundary value issues is investigated in this study. It dives into the existence and uniqueness of these difficulties, offering light on the conditions that allow for both practical and singular solutions. This study contributes to a better knowledge of fractional calculus and its applications in a variety of scientific and technical areas, giving significant insights for both scholars and practitioners.

THE ROLE OF STARTUPS IN PROMOTING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SMART CITIES – DUBAI AS A MODEL

Objective: The objective of this study is to learn about the role of start-ups in promoting the development of the smart city of Dubai, since these companies are always seeking innovative solutions to the challenges facing cities and rely on the latest methods and software used, thus helping cities to achieve the indicators that guarantee them important rank among other smart cities. Theoretical Framework: In this study, the basic concepts of the variables of the study were addressed by identifying the concept of start-ups, their characteristics and their importance in general, as well as by highlighting the subject of smart cities by listing some definitions and mentioning their advantages and dimensions. To then link the two variables by clarifying the relationship between startups and smart cities. Method: The methodology adopted for this research includes a sample of the most important start-up companies in Dubai selected from STARTUPRANKING, and the services provided by each company and its area of operation have been identified. To then determine the impact of the services provided on any indicators on which cities rely to become smarter (smart governance, smart transport, smart energy, smart technology, smart infrastructure, smart health, smart buildings and intelligent populations). Through which the role of these companies in the development of smart cities is determined. Results and Discussion: The results obtained revealed that Start-ups promote the development of cities by contributing to the challenges facing cities, communities and individuals by: - Ensuring a clean environment and smart transport systems that help to facilitate the movement of citizens and tourists through the use of telephones and at the lowest cost; - Strengthening cyber security to protect digital systems from threats; - Developing programs and techniques used in the educational sector, and focusing on developing the capabilities of individuals to ensure optimal use of technology; - Finding energy and environmental solutions to ensure optimum use of available resources. Originality/Value: This study sheds light on the importance of modern technology-based start-ups in promoting the development of smart cities. Dubai has been chosen as a model for a leading and developing Arab city that ranks first globally compared to other smart cities, and can be used as a successful experiment. In addition, the importance of both start-ups and smart cities, which are the pillars for the economic development of countries, they rely on advanced technology and the swift provision of services, ultimately facilitating life and enhancing the standard of living for their citizens.

A Survey on Network Security Traffic Analysis and Anomaly Detection Techniques

With the increasingly severe network security situation, advanced network traffic anomaly detection techniques are urgently needed. This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the research status and latest progress in the field of network anomaly detection. Firstly, we introduce the basic concepts, common methods, and challenges of network traffic analysis, which lays the foundation for anomaly detection. Then, we systematically summarize the mainstream techniques in the anomaly detection field, including statistical methods, machine learning methods, deep learning methods, and behavior analysis methods, analyzing their basic principles, representative works, advantages and disadvantages, and applicable scenarios. Next, we focus on discussing the hybrid methods in the anomaly detection field, elaborating on the motivations, common strategies, and representative works of hybrid methods, and pointing out that hybrid methods are an important development direction for anomaly detection. In addition, the paper also summarizes the application effects of several types of methods in practical network security tasks and makes a quantitative comparison in tabular form. Finally, we prospect the future development trends of network anomaly detection techniques, proposing goals such as intelligentization, automation, federalization, and interpretability, while analyzing the challenges faced by anomaly detection, including data heterogeneity, complexity of security threats, model robustness, privacy protection, and interpretability. We argue that network anomaly detection requires interdisciplinary integration, strengthening of security big data governance, and a shift from passive defense to active immunity. As the strategic position of cyberspace security becomes increasingly prominent, driven by disruptive technologies such as big data, artificial intelligence, and blockchain, network anomaly detection will surely usher in new development opportunities and challenges.

Separation Of Inheritance Assets And Its Implications In Indonesian Civil Law

This research employs qualitative methods with a literature study approach to explore the legal phenomenon of inheritance separation in Indonesian civil law. This approach facilitates the collection, review, and analysis of relevant literary sources, including books, journal articles, regulations, and court decisions. The initial step involves identifying and collecting relevant literature, followed by an analysis to comprehend basic concepts, legal principles, and procedures. Researchers critically analyze the collected literature, identifying key issues, challenges, debates, and evaluating each source's relevance and validity. The research findings indicate that inherited assets are a significant part of Indonesian civil law, comprehensively regulated by the Civil Code. Articles in the Civil Code address the rights and obligations of heirs, inheritance separation procedures, and special conditions that must be met. The process aims to end joint ownership and distribute assets to each heir according to their rights. This must be done with all heirs' agreement or through a court decision in case of disputes. Article 1075 regulates dispute resolution, allowing courts to intervene and make final decisions. Provisions for the cancellation of inheritance separation protect heirs' rights, with Articles 1112 and 1116 providing a basis for cancellation if there is coercion, fraud, or actions harming more than a quarter of the inheritance value. Overall, Indonesian law offers comprehensive protection for all heirs, ensuring the inheritance process aligns with justice and applicable legal principles.

Research on the Application and Optimization Strategies of Deep Learning in Large Language Models

The development of deep learning technology provides new opportunities for the construction and application of large language models. This paper systematically explores the current application status and optimization strategies of deep learning in large language models. The paper introduces the basic concepts and principles of deep learning and large language models, focusing on language representation methods, model architectures, and application cases. Addressing the challenges faced by large language models, the paper analyzes in detail optimization strategies such as model compression and acceleration, transfer learning and domain adaptation, data augmentation, and unsupervised learning. Through experiments on multiple benchmark datasets, the superior performance of deep learning models in tasks such as language understanding, text classification, named entity recognition, and question answering is confirmed, demonstrating their enormous potential in large language models. At the same time, the paper discusses the limitations of existing methods and proposes future research directions. This paper provides a comprehensive overview and insights into the application of deep learning in large language models, which is of great significance for advancing natural language processing technology.

Modern methods of distance learning in the educational process of a higher education institution

Relevance. Due to the spread of COVID-19, the study and practical application of effective distance learning methods have become the most relevant subjects in teaching. Purpose. The purpose of this study is to analyse modern methods and tools for the implementation of distance learning in universities, which can form the basis of teachers' professional readiness for the online learning process. Methodology. Since this subject is broad in content, the study consisted of two parts: theoretical and practical, where functional and dialectical approaches and general methods of research are used: analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalisation, and analysis of scientific literature. Results. The theoretical part analysed the online organisation of the educational process at the I. Zhansugurov Zhetysu University (Republic of Kazakhstan) and the Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis (Russian Federation), which allowed defining the basic concepts of distance learning. In practice, the criteria of teachers' readiness and modern methods of distance learning are proposed. Conclusions. In conclusion, the study highlights the critical role of modern distance learning methods in higher education, particularly in response to the challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. By analyzing the implementation of these methods at I. Zhansugurov Zhetysu University and the Moscow Institute of Psychoanalysis, the research identifies essential concepts and practical strategies for effective online education. The proposed criteria for teachers' readiness emphasize the importance of equipping educators with the necessary skills and tools for distance learning. These findings can inform the development of comprehensive training programs to enhance the quality of online education in universities. Keywords: distance learning; education; teacher; student; advanced training; retraining; readiness

Artificial Intelligence Background Corporate Financial Management Transformation Study

This paper aims to explore the trends of corporate financial management transformation under the backdrop of Artificial Intelligence (AI). With the rapid development of AI technology, corporate financial management is facing unprecedented opportunities and challenges. Through an in-depth analysis of the basic concepts, key technologies, and application cases of AI technology in financial management, this paper reveals the revolutionary impact of AI technology on financial management. Combined with practical cases, this paper discusses the success factors and challenges faced in the AI-driven financial management transformation process, including issues such as data privacy protection and human resources training. Finally, this paper outlines the future development trends of AI in financial management, including more intelligent decision support systems, and the widespread application of blockchain technology in the financial sector. Through this research, it is hoped to provide practical guidance and decision support for enterprise leaders and decision-makers on how to effectively utilize AI technology to optimize financial management.

Research on Copyright Recognition of Content Generated by Artificial Intelligence

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, artificial intelligence has developed into "expressive artificial intelligence", artificial intelligence-generated content (AIGC) is more and more widely used in various fields. However, there are still some disputes and confusion about the copyright ownership of these machine-generated content. This paper first introduces the basic concepts and characteristics of artificial intelligence-generated content under the current background. Secondly, this paper discusses the positioning of AIGC in the copyright law and the difficulties in protecting the rights and interests through the different views and legislative practices on the copyright recognition of artificial intelligent-generated content in the world. Finally, in view of the current disputes, such as "creative requirements" and "human participation", this paper puts forward the possible ways to solve this problem in the future, including improving the copyright law to clarify the right ownership and responsibility of AIGC, learning from foreign experience, and establishing the copyright ownership system of AIGC, etc., which provides a useful reference for the formulation and practice of relevant laws and regulations.

Analisis Kesulitan Siswa Dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Materi Trigonometri Ditinjau Dari Gaya Belajar

According to the OECD, the 2018 PISA results state that 71% of Indonesian students experience difficulties when faced with conditions that require them to solve problems by applying mathematical concepts, so they fail to achieve minimum competitive ability in mathematics. Based on the observations of researchers, there are MAN 1 Gresik students who have difficulty in solving trigonometric problems because they think that this material is too much memorizing formulas. This study used learning style questionnaires, test questions, and interviews to collect data in order to find out students' difficulties in solving trigonometry problems in terms of students' learning styles. The results obtained from this study include: 1) The difficulties of auditorial subjects are the inability to remember the steps of proving trigonometric identities; the basic concepts of trigonometric comparisons and the Pythagorean Theorem, unable to recognize mathematical angle symbols, less careful in calculating powers and calculating fractions, and the inability to draw conclusions. 2) The difficulties of kinesthetic subjects are the inability to remember the steps of proving trigonometric identities and the Pythagorean Theorem, the inability to recognize mathematical angle symbols, and less careful in calculating powers and calculating fractions; 3) The difficulties of visual subjects are the inability to remember the steps of proving trigonometric identities, the inability to recognize mathematical angle symbols, and the inability to draw conclusions.

Analysis of Students Chemistry Laboratory Literacy in High School

This research aims to identify the laboratory literacy level of SMA/MA students in Mataram City and describe laboratory literacy in 4 aspects: context, content, competence, and attitude, in carrying out practicums in the laboratory. Laboratory literacy measurement techniques through stages pre-lab to measure the ability of the content aspect, namely identifying knowledge initial or basic concepts that support practicum, subsequent stage lab work to measure context aspects, namely problem identification, analysis objectives, and principles of analytical methods for testing scientific ideas, and attitude aspects during practicum. Stagepost lab measuring competency aspects related to data analysis from practicum results as a basis for decision making. The research data was analyzed descriptively. Research results show that value. The average student laboratory literacy in the context and attitude aspects is high, namely 78.22 and 86.8, but for the content and competency aspects, it is still low, namely 54.26 and 54.15. The conclusions of this research are as follows: (1)Ability The average laboratory literacy of SMA/MA students in the city of Mataram is a category enough, namely 67.71. (2) The ability to apply chemistry to real-life problems (Chemical Literacy) can be improved by optimizing the use of laboratories as chemistry learning centers

Studi Literatur: Pentingnya Pembelajaran Berpendekatan Etnomatematika pada Materi Geometri

Numeracy problems at SD Negeri 4 Penarukan, Buleleng have decreased in geometry material. The results of ANBK that have been carried out show that numeracy literacy in several indicators such as basic concepts related to geometry and statistics, and solving simple routine math problems has decreased. This study aims to describe the results of a study of learning strategies with an Ethnomathematics approach to improve numeracy literacy in geometry material. The method used in this research is qualitative library research and field study by collecting several relevant articles that discuss the use of the Ethnomathematics approach in the learning process and adjusted to the results of literacy and numeracy of teachers in the field. The results of this study are in the form of a review of five relevant studies related to the ethnomathematics approach to improve numeracy literacy in geometry material and student numeracy literacy. The use of this Ethnomathematics approach should be a solution for schools to improve student learning outcomes and numeracy literacy skills.

Analisis Sumber dan Jenis Pembiayaan Pendidikan di Indonesia

This research uses a systematic literature review method with the PRISMA model to examine the sources and types of education financing in Indonesia. Data was obtained through a literature study, by analysing 25 journal articles from 2013-2023 that were relevant to the subject matter. Of the 25 articles, 12 were identified as relevant, which were then re-analysed. The results of the analysis showed that there were 10 articles that discussed the sources and types of education financing in Indonesia with a focus on the efficiency of education fund management, while 2 articles were considered less relevant because they talked about the basic concepts of financing and financing planning. The discussion in this study is about the definition and concept of education financing, legal basis, types of financing, and sources of financing such as government funds, community donations, and parental contributions. The education financing cycle includes planning, accounting and evaluation to ensure the effective and efficient use of financial resources. This research provides an in-depth understanding of education financing in Indonesia, highlighting the important roles of government, communities and educational institutions in providing funds to support the sustainability and quality of education

Foucault's Study of Power Theory -- A Textual Study Based on Discipline and Punishment

As the basic concept of political philosophy, power has the nature of absolutely dominating social operation. For a long time, political science and sociology have examined how it operates from a top-down perspective. With the development of grand narrative and the rise of structuralism, the theory of power also needs to be further updated to conform to the trend of postmodernism. Through his research on the development of prisons and other institutions, Foucault realized that the operation law of power was not inseparable from political governance as explained by traditional philosophy, but integrated into the lives of all people in an atomic way. In the modern era, the art of domination incorporates this microphysics and develops it into a technology that, unlike the oppressive domination of antiquity, interferes with People's Daily lives in a way that is controlled by the body. The key to this technology is discipline, which operates in institutions that alienate time and space, and also separate man's utility from his capacity to develop, making him part of the social machine. Foucault's micro-power theory may seem very different from the theory of right and Marxism, but it is used in the context of a contractual society, and its purpose is economic, without disconnection. Through micro-power, we can have a clearer understanding of modern state governance under capitalism.

Synaptic device-based neuromorphic computing in artificial intelligence

The application of synaptic device-based neuromorphic computing in artificial intelligence is an emerging research field aimed at simulating the structure and function of the human brain and realizing high-efficiency, low-power, and adaptive intelligent computing. This paper reviews the principles, growth and challenges of neuromorphic devices based on synapses computing and its applications and perspectives in artificial intelligence fields like an image processing as well as natural language processing. The paper first introduces the basic concepts, properties and classification of synaptic devices, as well as the basic framework and algorithms of neuromorphic computing. Then, the paper analyzes the advantages and difficulties of neuromorphic computing based on synaptic devices, including the preparation, testing, modelling and integration of the devices, as well as the systems architecture, programming and optimization. Then, this paper gives examples of the applications and effects of synaptic device-based neuromorphic computing in artificial intelligence fields such as image processing and natural language processing, including image denoising, image segmentation, image recognition, text classification, text summarization, and text generation. Finally, this paper summarizes the current research status and future synaptic device-based neuromorphic computing trends. It puts forward some research directions and suggestions to promote the development and innovation in this field.

«Безопасность» или «охрана» труда как основа построения законодательства о защите жизни и здоровья работников

A comparative analysis of the categories “labor safety” and “labor protection” as a fundamental basis for the formation of labor law norms is carried out. The International Labor Organization considers the concept of “safety and health at work” a priority. In Russia, labor law was formed using the basic concept of “labor protection”. The Labor Code of the Russian Federation understands labor safety too narrowly — only as the protection of persons working in special conditions. The proposals of scientists to replace the concept of “labor protection” with “labor safety” in the norms of the Labor Code of the Russian Federation are recognized as erroneous. In the interests of expanding the boundaries of protecting the rights of workers, it is proposed to legally recognize safety and labor protection as coinciding concepts and build the regulation of labor relations on this basis.

Уголовно-правовое значение экономической деятельности при теоретическом моделировании уголовного закона

The article conducts a comprehensive theoretical and applied study of the universal criminal law category “object of criminal law protection” as a basic concept for the formation of a theoretical model of criminal law protection. The author determines what should be understood by the object of criminal legal protection in the process of theoretical modeling of the criminal law, distinguishes the definition in question from related concepts, and identifies two functional meanings of the object of criminal legal protection - actual and normative. The identification of a general category - an object of criminal legal protection allows us to formulate proposals on the concept and classification of the specific object of crimes in the field of economic activity, which can be used as the basis for the structure and content of the criminal law on liability for economic crimes.

Extension of Synthetic Division and Its Applications

This study focused on \enquote{Extension of synthetic division and its applications}. The study was designed to show synthetic division and its extension and to point out the applications of synthetic division and its extension. The study found out that the concepts of polynomial and rational expressions in single variables are basic concepts to deal extension of synthetic division and its applications. Using the preliminary concepts, the concept of synthetic division is extended in this study. Also, the study found out that an extension of synthetic division is used for finding the oblique asymptote of the graph of a rational function, evaluating the integration of some rational functions, representing polynomial expression by factorial function in numerical analysis, and so on.