Basic Blue Dye Research Articles

Valorization of agricultural by-product Moringa stenopetala seed husks into activated carbon for Reactive Black and Basic Blue dye removal from textile wastewater

Valorization of agricultural by-product Moringa stenopetala seed husks into activated carbon for Reactive Black and Basic Blue dye removal from textile wastewater

Removal effeciency of blue basic dye41 by using Fe3O4 magnetic nanomaterial.

The study was conducted in January 2023. The study used nano-iron oxide treatment, iron oxide coated with citric acid, and nano-iron oxide grafted with wheat hulls, in the adsorption of basic blue dye 41 from the medium. Three criteria are used: knowing the best time to remove the dye, the best medium that helps in the adsorption method, and the best concentration of the dye that can be removed the fastest. The results were as follows: The best time: Fe3O4 was (10.50) minutes with a 97% removal rate, NM-AC was 10 minutes with a 94% removal rate, NM-BO was 10 minutes with a 98% removal rate. The best pH for Fe3O4 was at pH 6 with a removal rate of 97%. NM-AC was at pH 6 with a removal rate of 92%. NM-BO was at pH 6 with a removal rate of 97%. The best concentration of Fe3O4 is 10 ppm with a 98% removal rate, NM-AC is 10 ppm with a 98% removal rate, n NM-BO is 30 ppm with a 98% removal rate. A spectrophotometer device was used. We conclude. From the study, the chemical precipitation method was used to produce nanosized iron oxide, nanosized iron oxide coated with citric acid, and nanosized iron oxide grafted with wheat hulls, and the surfaces prepared in this study were used as adsorbent surfaces. Research recommendations: Synthesis of nanoparticles in a green chemical method based on cheap and locally available materials.

Dyeable Hydrophilic Surface Modification for PTFE Substrates by Surface Fluorination.

Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) is the most widely used fluoropolymer that has various functionalities such as heat resistance, chemical resistance, abrasion resistance, and non-adhesiveness. However, PTFE is difficult to dye because of its high water repellency. In this study, the PTFE surface was modified by a combination of gold sputtering and surface fluorination to improve dyeability. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy indicated that, compared with the untreated sample, the gold-sputtered and acid-washed surface of PTFE had a negligible number of C-F terminals. Furthermore, the intensity of the C-C peak increased drastically. The polar groups (C=O and C-Fx) increased after surface fluorination, which enhanced the electronegativity of the surface according to the zeta potential results. Dyeing tests with methylene blue basic dye showed that the dye staining intensity on the surface of fluorinated PTFE samples was superior to other samples. It is due to the increased surface roughness and the negatively charged surface of fluorinated PTFE samples. The modified PTFE substrates may find broad applicability for dyeing, hydrophilic membrane filters, and other adsorption needs.

Cereal based traditional beverage of tella residue (attela) as a green organic pollutant sorbent for methylene blue dye removal: Equilibrium, kinetics and thermodynamic studies

Dyes are one the foremost hazardous pollutants that affects bio life including the flora and fauna and removing of those pollutants from contaminated environment are remarkable activities within the scientific community. In this respect, the current study is focused on preparation of physiochemical activated cereals based tella residue bio adsorbent for basic blue dye (MB) removal from aqueous environment. Different analytical methods have been utilized to assess the thermal stability, surface area, surface morphology, pore size, pore volume, surface functional group, and a few proximate analyses of the prepared bio adsorbents. The SEM and BET results of the adsorbents reveals physiochemical activation process assists for the formation of visible pores, cracks, irregular shape, and better surface area (51.32 m2/g for RTR and 565m2/g for ATR) respectively. The removal efficiencies of MB by RTR and ATR in an exceedingly batch experiment were 88.4s and 97.2 % at situation of pH (8); adsorbent dosage (0.8 for RTR and 0.6 for ATR), agitation speed (300 rpm), dye concentration (10 mg/L), temperature (298oK) and contact time (100 minute) respectively. The kinetics and equilibrium result of dye adsorption process well described by Pseudo 2nd order kinetic and Langmuir isotherm model respectively. The thermodynamic finding result shows the spontaneous and endothermic nature of the sorption process. The probable adsorption mechanism of MB dye on the prepared bio adsorbents surface may be assigned mainly through chemisorption. The results of this study show, the current adsorbents promise an alternate green rout for treatment dye contaminated wastewaters.

Mathematical Modelling of the Removal of Basic Blue Dye from Effluent by a Mineral Membrane

Water contamination is a major challenge due to the discharging of wastes into the natural resources. In this study, a novel branched pore adsorption model was developed by utilizing external mass transfer coefficients, Kf , effective diffusivity, and lumped microspore diffusion rate parameters. This describes sorption kinetics from long-term adsorption that occurs between an adsorbent and an adsorbate. An investigation of the effects of dye concentration on Basic Blue 9 removal was conducted. Then by considering of initial and boundary conditions the government equations were solved. Using this model, the Basic Blue 9 (or methylene blue is an industrial inhibitor) was removed from a bentonite sample polluted by Basic Blue 9. The maximum adsorption capacity was achieved by using of Freundlich analysis. Based on the experimental data, theoretical concentration - time adjusted models were developed using a FORTRAN computer program to fit the experimental data more precisely and confirm the precision and accuracy of this research.

Preparation, characterization and application of gamma irradiated some water soluble polymers/natural rubber latex blends

AbstractThis work mainly depends on the assumption or hypothesis which exploits the tendency of natural rubber latex (NRL) to cross‐link under irradiation in the presence of Alginate and CMC biopolymer and form (ALG/NRL and CMC/NRL) films containing polar/charged functional groups which offer them hydrophilicity, and consequently water absorption capacity. CMC/NRL and ALG/NRL (v/v) blend films prepared first by latex compounding followed by casting technique. The prepared ALG/NRL and CMC/NRL blend films characterized then, by various techniques such as IR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Equilibrium swelling properties and gel percent GF% of prepared films also studied in details. GF% studies revealed that the GF% increased with increasing both NRL content and irradiation dose for both ALG/NRL and CMC/NRL. Thermal analysis shows the increased thermal stability of the irradiated samples due cross‐linking effect of NRL. The improved gel content percentage obtained paved the way for the application of various films in the removal of toxic dyes such as acidic, direct, and basic dyes from waste water where in this study, the films exhibited high affinity toward basic blue dye.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Textile Dye Using Green Synthesized Nanoparticles

In recent years, plants have been used as reducing agents for the synthesis of nanoparticles in a short time, and it consists of low cost, and there is no harmful effect on the environment; In this study, silver nanoparticles are synthesized from AgNO3 using leaf extract of Solena amplexicaulis (Lam.) Gandhi. The leaf extract is mixed with AgNO3 solution, and color change occurs from whitish-yellow to dark brown at room temperature within a few minutes. After incubation, the suspension was centrifuged, and particles were separated and dried. The green synthesized AgNPs were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy in a maximum wavelength of 393 nm, FTIR, SEM, EDAX, DLS, XRD, and ZETA POTENTIAL; Photocatalytic degradation of Victoria blue or basic blue dye was investigated by green synthesized Ag nanoparticles with solar irradiation technique by biometrically at different time intervals. The UV-visible characteristic peak absorption of Victoria blue solution was 250 nm. The photocatalytic activity at different time intervals [control, treated controls, 30 min, (1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 12, 24, 48, 60, 72) hrs] was collected and decreased the peak intensity and was measured using UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. Green synthesized Ag nanoparticles effectively degraded the Victoria blue dye solution in total exposure time.

Improving the Dyeing of Polypropylene by Surface Fluorination

The surface of polypropylene (PP) was modified with fluorine gas at 25 °C and 10–380 Torr for 1 h. The surface roughness of the fluorinated PP samples was approximately two times larger than that (5 nm) of the untreated sample. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy showed that the bonds (e.g., -C-C- and -CHx) derived from raw PP decreased and were converted into fluorinated bonds (e.g., -CFx) after surface fluorination. These fluorinated bonds showed higher electronegativity according to the zeta potential results. Fluorinated PP could be stained with the methylene blue basic dye because of the increased surface roughness and the negatively charged surface.

Chemical analysis of low carbon content coals and their applications as dye adsorbent

Coal is primarily a fuel material but lately it has been utilized as an adsorbent for removing toxic metal ions. However, its usage for removing organic pollutants is not well studied. We report here a systematic study on the use of coal samples of varying carbon contents as adsorbents for removing Basic Blue 41 as a model cationic dye. The coal samples were collected from coal mines and were thoroughly characterized. The concentrations of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulphur contents were measured by CHNS analyzer. The concentrations of aluminum, silicon, sulphur, titanium and iron were determined by EDXRF, which corresponded to silicon dioxide (quartz) and aluminium silicate (kaolinite) as the major mineral inclusions, corroborated by XRD results and micrographs showing elemental maps determined from SEM-EDAX. The coal samples with low carbon content revealed higher adsorption capacity (qe ∼ 8.0–9.3 mg/g) of Basic Blue dye at optimized adsorbent dose (2 mg/mL), pH 9 and contact time (120 min). The adsorption kinetic studies satisfied pseudo second order model and the intra-particle diffusion of the dye was evident. The dye adsorption followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm, and the qmax values ranged between 17 and 30 mg/g for low carbon content coal. The FT-IR, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area and zeta potential results of the coal samples could explain the adsorption phenomenon of cationic dye. The kinetic and thermodynamic studies revealed that the adsorption of Basic Blue 41 dye was based on chemisorptions mechanism.

Photocatalytic degradation of basic blue dye using zinc nanoparticles decorated graphene oxide nanosheet

AbstractReduced graphene oxide nanosheets were prepared by a modified hummer method and decorated with zinc nanoparticles to form nanocomposite (ZnO/RGO). The nanostructure surface materials of RGO with ZnO consist of different functional groups such as carboxyl, carbonyl, and hydroxyl groups, which facilitate the oxidation process of dye. Various techniques characterized the synthesized nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed good surface morphology of ZnO/RGO, and X‐ray diffraction illustrated a high crystal structure of the surface. Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) shows the functional groups of nanocomposites ZnO/RGO. The Raman and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectroscopies illustrate the surface and functional properties of ZnO/RGO catalyst. Moreover, the optical characterization achieved good value around 3.29 eV because of the decoration of ZnO on the surface of graphene oxide. Optimized conditions show up to 98% photocatalytic degradation of basic blue dye. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of degradation and intermediate identification. The proposed degradation mechanism of basic blue by the following steps, cleavage of C–C bonds in the benzene ring, and N‐N bond during the attack of OH• radicals, (iii) cleavage of aniline and C–C bonds of the benzene group.

Bioadsorption of Basic Blue Dye from Aqueous Solution onto Raw and Modified Waste Ash as Economical Alternative Bioadsorbent

Background. Dyes are one of the most hazardous materials in industrial effluents which can cause several health problems in living organisms. The removal of dye from colored effluents has attracted increasing attention in the last decade. In this study, raw, beneficiated, and activated waste ash were evaluated as adsorbents for removal of methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution by the batch adsorption method. Comprehensive characterization studies were carried out on each bioadsorbent, such as proximate analyses, bulk density, specific surface area, point of zero charge, pH, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (which shows functional groups on adsorbents surface). The effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, and contact time were determined in order to know the optimum condition and adsorption potential of the adsorbents. The methylene blue (MB) removal efficiency of raw, beneficiated, and activated bioadsorbents from aqueous solutions was found to be 95.212%, 89.172%, and 84.504%, respectively. It is reported that adsorption efficiency of MB on each adsorbent was quite different due to electrostatic and dispersion interaction between the dye molecules and the surface property of the adsorbents. The obtained results were well fitted with the Freundlich isotherm model, and the adsorption process follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics model for all adsorbents. In fact, the results showed that raw, beneficiated, and activated waste ash bioadsorbents could be employed as effective and economical alternative material in the near future.

Biosorptive Decolorization of Basic Blue Using the Waste Biomass

The study addresses the bio sorption of Basic blue from aqueous solution using red seaweed Gracilaria corticata as adsorbent for equilibrium isotherm analysis in batch mode of operation. Many species of seaweed have been identified in the past as potent bio sorbents for waste-water treatment processes. For the first time Gracilaria corticata, a natural dead algal biomass served as a sorbent material potentially suitable for removal of Basic blue from aqueous solution. The effect of experimental parameters namely pH, initial dye concentrations and bio sorbent dosage in the percentage of decolourization of synthetic Basic blue dye solution were investigated and were found to be at the optimum. Both the initial sorbate solution and sorbent dose were found to favourably catalyse the sorption process. Langmuir, Freundlich, Redlich-Peterson and Toth model were investigated to monitor the adsorption behaviour of Gracilaria corticata. According to the Langmuir and Toth model, the Maximum Basic blue uptake of 95.41 mg/g and 90.99 mg/g was observed at pH 8 and at a temperature of 30?C.

Basic Blue Dye Adsorption from Water using Polyaniline/Magnetite(Fe3O4) Composites: Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspects.

Owing to its exciting physicochemical properties and doping–dedoping chemistry, polyaniline (PANI) has emerged as a potential adsorbent for removal of dyes and heavy metals from aqueous solution. Herein, we report on the synthesis of PANI composites with magnetic oxide (Fe3O4) for efficient removal of Basic Blue 3 (BB3) dye from aqueous solution. PANI, Fe3O4, and their composites were characterized with several techniques and subsequently applied for adsorption of BB3. Effect of contact time, initial concentration of dye, pH, and ionic strength on adsorption behavior were systematically investigated. The data obtained were fitted into Langmuir, Frundlich, Dubbanin-Rudiskavich (D-R), and Tempkin adsorption isotherm models for evaluation of adsorption parameters. Langmuir isotherm fits closely to the adsorption data with R2 values of 0.9788, 0.9849, and 0.9985 for Fe3O4, PANI, and PANI/Fe3O4 composites, respectively. The maximum amount of dye adsorbed was 7.474, 47.977, and 78.13 mg/g for Fe3O4, PANI, and PANI/Fe3O4 composites, respectively. The enhanced adsorption capability of the composites is attributed to increase in surface area and pore volume of the hybrid materials. The adsorption followed pseudo second order kinetics with R2 values of 0.873, 0.979, and 0.999 for Fe3O4, PANI, and PANI/Fe3O4 composites, respectively. The activation energy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy changes, and entropy changes were found to be 11.14, −32.84, −04.05, and −0.095 kJ/mol for Fe3O4, 11.97, −62.93, −07.78, and −0.18 kJ/mol for PANI and 09.94, −74.26, −10.63, and −0.210 kJ/mol for PANI/Fe3O4 respectively, which indicate the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process.

Decolourization of Azo (Acid Red) and Anthraquinonic (Basic Blue) Dyes by the Fungus <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>

Present investigation was carried out to study the fungal decolourization of azo (Acid red) and anthraquinonic (Basic blue) dyes by the fungus Aspergillus flavus. Decolourization of tested dyes was observed visually and studied through spectrophotometric analyses. Growing fungal cultures were filtered through Whatman filter paper No. 1 and filtrates were centrifuged at 6000 rpm for 5 minutes and supernatant was used for spectrophotometric observations, at absorbance 494 nm and 630 nm, for Acid red and Basic blue dyes, respectively. Decolourization/degradation was recorded by calculating the degradation percentage, using initial and final absorbance of the respective dye. The applied fungal species was found to be able to decolourize the mentioned dyes, as revealed by spectrophotometric analyses which showed a gradual decrease in the initial absorbance and increase in the mycelial yield of the used fungus. Decolourization/ degradation of dye were recorded to be 62%, for Basic blue and 77% for Acid red.

Textile Effluent Treatment by Agricultural Solid Waste

Adsorption of dye is an alternative technology to remove color from wastewater. An abundantly available agricultural waste which finds little utility has a potential as a cheap adsorbent for dye removal from textile effluents and can be utilized for wastes management. In the present work, adsorption studies were made in treating the dye solutions of Basic blue (BB69) textile dyes by using okra waste. Effects of particle size, initial effluent concentration and temperature have been investigated experimentally and the suitable conditions were selected. A brief economic comparison between activated carbon and okra waste is also reported. The results were compared with that in the literature by using activated carbon. Adsorption parameters were determined using both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The isothermal data followed the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The results obtained were fitted by Langmuir model since monolayer formation observed and the parameters were estimated. It is concluded that okra solid waste could be employed as low– cost and effective sorbent for removal of Basic blue dye from aqueous solution of textile industries.

Batch and Fixed-Bed Study for Basic Blue 9 Separations using Synthetic Activated Carbon

A local olive stone is a low cost and promising industrial waste with cellulose-lignin polymeric structure. The stones were dried, crushed, impregnated with phosphoric acid, and carbonized at 673 K for 3 h and used for the removal of basic blue dye (BB9) under different conditions. Equilibrium isotherms and different adsorption models, Langmuir and Freundlich, have been investigated. Different kinetic models have been studied in terms of pseudo first order and pseudo second order rate constants. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters have been calculated. The obtained results showed that the activated carbon has high adsorption capacity of BB9 and the adsorption process was found to increase on increasing temperature and pH. The Langmuir isotherm was better fitted for the experimental data. Moreover, the process involves pseudo second order kinetics and values of the change in entropy and heat of adsorption for BB9 adsorption on activated carbon were positive suggesting the adsorption process to be endothermic. The high negative value of change in Gibbs free energy indicates the feasible and spontaneous adsorption of BB9 dyes. The highest uptake capacity was obtained when a 4 cm bed depth was used at an inlet concentration of 80 mg L −1 and a flow rate of 4 cm 3 min −1 .

Exploring chip-capillary electrophoresis-laser-induced fluorescence field-deployable platform flexibility: Separations of fluorescent dyes by chip-based non-aqueous capillary electrophoresis

Microfluidic chip electrophoresis (chip-CE) is a separation method that is compatible with portable and on-site analysis, however, only few commercial chip-CE systems with laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) and light emitting diode (LED) fluorescence detection are available. They are established for several application tailored methods limited to specific biopolymers (DNA, RNA and proteins), and correspondingly the range of their applications has been limited. In this work we address the lack of commercially available research-type flexible chip-CE platforms by exploring the limits of using an application-tailored system equipped with chips and methods designed for DNA separations as a generic chip-CE platform – this is a very significant issue that has not been widely studied. In the investigated Agilent Bioanalyzer chip-CE system, the fixed components are the Agilent chips and the detection (LIF at 635nm and LEDIF at 470nm), while the chemistry (electrolyte) and the programming of all the high voltages are flexible. Using standard DNA chips, we show that a generic CE function of the system is easily possible and we demonstrate an extension of the applicability to non-aqueous CE (NACE). We studied the chip compatibility with organic solvents (i.e. MeOH, ACN, DMF and DMSO) and demonstrated the chip compatibility with DMSO as a non-volatile and non-hazardous solvent with satisfactory stability of migration times over 50h. The generic CE capability is illustrated with separations of fluorescent basic blue dyes methylene blue (MB), toluidine blue (TB), nile blue (NB) and brilliant cresyl blue (BC). Further, the effects of the composition of the background electrolyte (BGE) on the separation were studied, including the contents of water (0–30%) and buffer composition. In background electrolytes containing typically 80mmol/L ammonium acetate and 870mmol/L acetic acid in 100% DMSO baseline separation of the dyes were achieved in 40s. Linearity was documented in the range of 5–28μmol/L, 10–100μmol/L, 1.56–50nmol/L and 5–75nmol/L (r2 values in the range 0.974–0.999), and limit of detection (LOD) values were 90nmol/L, 1μmol/L 1.4nmol/L, and 2nmol/L for MB, TB, NB and BC, respectively.

The Possibilities of Determination of the Relative Age of Ballpoint Pen Ink Entries by High Performance Liquid Chromatography / Lodīšu Pildspalvas Tintes Ierakstu Relatīvā Vecuma Noteikšanas Iespējas Ar Augstefektīvās Šķidrumu Hromatogrāfijas Metodi

Investigation of three colour inks was performed using the HPLC method. The research is based on the theory of reducing of solvent in ink and on the change of ratio between dyes due to the degradation of the dye or changes of its extraction properties. Old samples, aged from 1 to 7 months were selected for research. Samples were made using blue, violet and black ballpoint ink. Record samples are kept in the dark, in climatic conditions of a usual office. During the identification of ink compound, by using LC/MS, a statement was made that each ink sample contains 2-phenoxyethanol as a solvent, Methyl Violet and Basic Blue dyes and their degradation products. The areas of peaks gained at characteristic wavelengths are used for the analysis of the aging process.

Interaction between poly(4-vinylpyridine-graft-bromodecane) and textile blue basic dye by spectrophotometric study

The interactions between poly(4-vinylpyridine-graft-bromodecane) (P4VPBrD) and textile blue basic (TBB) dye in aqueous solution were investigated by a spectrophotometric method at room temperature, considering that the electrostatic force is the main binding force and that the color change during the combination is due to the transformation of dye species of acidic form into bound basic form as well as the bathochromic and hypsochromic effects of conjugation. The formation of an isosbestic point in the absorption spectra of textile blue basic dye species of acidic form was explained based on a new consideration about the solution equilibrium. An application based on the interaction of P4VPBrD with the basic coloring agent is presented. Tests were carried out to estimate the retention rate of the dye by P4VPBrD.

Implementation of chitosan inductively modified by γ-rays copolymerization with acrylamide in the decontamination of aqueous basic dye solution

The modification induced by gamma rays for the natural polymer, chitosan, was established using the monomer acrylamide. The hydrogel obtained was characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the thermal properties were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of absorbed dose (kGy) and chitosan:acrylamide ratio on the gel % was studied. The impact of the polymerization variables was observed on the swelling % of the prepared hydrogel with water. The highest equilibrium degree of swelling of the prepared chitosan–AAm hydrogel, 380g/g was predicted at 75% AAm and absorbed dose of 10kGy for 97.7% gel. The removal of the basic blue dye (Astrazone Blue BG-200%) from aqueous solutions was discussed. The adsorption capacity of basic dye on chitosan–AAm increased from 24.5 to 47.2mg/g by increasing pH from 4.0 to 9.0. The effect of pH, absorbed dose, chitosan:AAm ratio and the concentration of the dye on the effectiveness of the adsorption process was studied.