Abstract
Owing to its exciting physicochemical properties and doping–dedoping chemistry, polyaniline (PANI) has emerged as a potential adsorbent for removal of dyes and heavy metals from aqueous solution. Herein, we report on the synthesis of PANI composites with magnetic oxide (Fe3O4) for efficient removal of Basic Blue 3 (BB3) dye from aqueous solution. PANI, Fe3O4, and their composites were characterized with several techniques and subsequently applied for adsorption of BB3. Effect of contact time, initial concentration of dye, pH, and ionic strength on adsorption behavior were systematically investigated. The data obtained were fitted into Langmuir, Frundlich, Dubbanin-Rudiskavich (D-R), and Tempkin adsorption isotherm models for evaluation of adsorption parameters. Langmuir isotherm fits closely to the adsorption data with R2 values of 0.9788, 0.9849, and 0.9985 for Fe3O4, PANI, and PANI/Fe3O4 composites, respectively. The maximum amount of dye adsorbed was 7.474, 47.977, and 78.13 mg/g for Fe3O4, PANI, and PANI/Fe3O4 composites, respectively. The enhanced adsorption capability of the composites is attributed to increase in surface area and pore volume of the hybrid materials. The adsorption followed pseudo second order kinetics with R2 values of 0.873, 0.979, and 0.999 for Fe3O4, PANI, and PANI/Fe3O4 composites, respectively. The activation energy, enthalpy, Gibbs free energy changes, and entropy changes were found to be 11.14, −32.84, −04.05, and −0.095 kJ/mol for Fe3O4, 11.97, −62.93, −07.78, and −0.18 kJ/mol for PANI and 09.94, −74.26, −10.63, and −0.210 kJ/mol for PANI/Fe3O4 respectively, which indicate the spontaneous and exothermic nature of the adsorption process.
Highlights
The use of organic synthetic dyes has increased dramatically and uncontrollably in last few decades.Different types of dyes are frequently employed in plastics, paper, cosmetics, leather, and textile industries for coloring purposes [1,2,3]
These dyes are released in water as effluents, which are of low biological oxygen demand (BOD) and high chemical oxygen demand (COD) [4]
The surface morphologies of Fe3 O4, PANI, and PANI/Fe3 O4 composites were studied with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a JSM-6490 (JEOL, Tokyo, Japan) electron microscope
Summary
The use of organic synthetic dyes has increased dramatically and uncontrollably in last few decades. Polyaniline/magnetite(Fe3 O4 ) composites have the advantage of being stable at high temperatures and can be synthesized from low cost materials, which make them superior over the other existing natural/synthetic and biodegradable polymers for the adsorption of dyes. They can be regenerated after adsorption and due to their conductive nature, electrochemical study of these materials after adsorption can be carried out. A comparison of adsorption properties of these materials with the present work is made in Table S1 of
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