Basic Approach Research Articles

Microfinance practices versus sustainable welfare

This study primarily investigates microfinance practices for sustainable community welfare. Microcredit aims to provide credit to poor people to help empower communities and reduce poverty. Community empowerment strategies can be carried out by increasing the productivity of poor communities to increase their income. A basic approach that emphasizes that the poor move from their current situation to a better position by empowering MSMEs through the distribution of microcredit by micro-financial institutions. Changes that will result in sustainable prosperity, decreasing inequality between regions, and reducing community income gaps. This research will use a qualitative approach using the case study method, which does not use statistical generalizations but uses logical and replicative generalizations. This research uses multiple cases with varying characteristics as research informants. Two microfinance institutions and ten cases of MSMEs will be selected in this research. The study was conducted at Sharia Microfinance Institutions as providers of microcredit and MSMEs receiving microcredit in the Southern region of the Special Region of Yogyakarta, Bantul. This district was chosen because Bantul has the highest poverty rate. This condition is the focus of attention for maximum treatment. This research will use three data collection methods: interview, observation, and documentation, to maintain the data's validity and reliability. Data triangulation was used to test the validity of the data. The data analysis process in this research uses two stages: descriptive analysis and within-case analysis. The research results found that microfinance practices carried out through Sharia Microfinance Institutions (SMFI), apart from focusing on providing accessible financing facilities, have also provided direction in developing MSMEs and taking action towards community welfare. SMFI regularly provides business development training to MSMEs

Objections to Sam Harris’ Critic of Religion

Some thinkers of the modern period have reached the general opinion that the social appearance and social dynamics of religion have increased, and therefore, religion is on the rise. However, the historical and theological tensions between religions that sometimes lead to conflicts and the increase in disagreements between various sects of the same religion have led to an increase in criticism of religion as a whole in certain circles. Sam Harris is one of the important representatives of the new atheism, which is among the schools of thought that make these criticisms. In this study, I will discuss Harris’ criticism of religion in which he argues that religious belief has many harmful and negative aspects. Therefore, he defends the view that it is necessary to fight against religion and to completely remove the phenomenon of religion from people’s lives. This and other of Harris’ basic claims, grounds, evidence, and views on the subject will be discussed, the persuasiveness and philosophical value of his basic approach will be examined through comparisons with rational and philosophical evaluations, and prominent dilemmas, if any, will be identified. The consistency of Harris’ criticism of religious beliefs and the accuracy of these criticisms constitute the problematic of the study. The aim of this study is to examine the author’s views through criticism, consider comparisons of this subject, and create a synthesis based on different approaches to the subject. To present this synthesis, the basic framework of this study is an examination of his The End of Faith: The Separation of Religion and Reason, Morality without God: A Guide for Spirituality without Religion, and The Harms of Religion: Conflicting Truth Claims of Religions.

Methodical approaches to valuation of intangible assets

Intangible assets in the activities of business entities can constitute a significant part of assets. Their valuation can be done in several ways, which are fundamentally different. Literature offers several methods for valuing intangible assets, which are based on three basic approaches. Each of them captures the value of the property based on different specific characteristics. The issue of intangible assets is also addressed by international accounting standards, the task of which is to guide the accounting and reporting of this type of assets so that the financial statements provide correct and complete information that is comparable on a global basis.

Modeling of Rapidly Changing Macroeconomic Processes Based on the Analysis of Jump and Generalized Functions

In recent years, the economies of many countries around the world have been in a situation of intense, rapidly changing, abrupt processes. The current situation urgently requires a change in the economic paradigm in the near future, which leads to the need to develop new conceptual models. The purpose of the article is to develop basic theoretical principles and practical approaches to modeling macroeconomic processes based on the analysis of jump and generalized functions. The objectives of the study are the following: (1) describe the main types of impulse and jump functions using examples from economic theory and practice; (2) perform an analytical representation of impulse and jump functions; (3) select macroeconomic characteristics to analyze rapidly changing processes in the economy; and (4) create models and mechanisms for forecasting impulsive and abrupt changes in the macroeconomy. The approaches to the development of macroeconomic theory and its methods proposed in the article are not associated with the use of evolutionary continuous functions; for example, power functions, which is typical for many canonical macroeconomic models. These approaches do not include management decisions to achieve optimal values of given target functions, which is typical for recursive macroeconomic models of dynamic programming. This article is about formulating the main provisions of macroeconomic theory and its methods, which, with varying degrees of accuracy, could give a forecast about the upcoming possibility of sudden changes (impulse, shock, spasmodic, and others) in the macroeconomic situation. The research methodology is statistical analysis, special methods developed by the author for studying impulse, and jump processes. As a result of this study, the basic principles of modeling macroeconomic theory based on rapid impulse and abrupt changes were formulated, approaches to constructing the tools of this theory were outlined, and problems and tasks for further research were identified.

Modern Battlefield and Necessary Reflection in Military Leader’s Education and Training

The article describes attributes will influence character of modern warfighting and presents the basic approach to prepare commanders and leaders of “new generation”. The operational environment describes determinants and characteristic of today's and future warfighting. Technological development as booster, change the tools and the procedures but not the nature of war. Level of training and leadership quality multiplies combat power. The key findings and recommendations support fundamental idea of ability to lead and manage hybrid systems in volatile multi-dimensional environment, using various tools and sources, appropriate to specific environment and specific tactical level mission, stressed in last chapter as result of this study. The article´s aim is support discussion, which directions we will adapt currently ongoing or newly creating study programs, preparing new generation of warriors – leaders.

Live Musik, Syariat Islam dan Asas Freies Ermessen: Menyikapi Surat Edaran Bupati Bireuen

The prohibition order on live music in the the Regent of Bireuen's Letter of Interdiction No. 451/199/2023 was pro-contracted in the community; some people supported the Islamic Shariah, and some others rejected it on the grounds of the lack of consistency of the instructions in the edaran. The Edaraan has been identified as allowing live music to beined with conditions that are difficult to realize. This has caused confusion in the public's understanding of the Regent of Bireuen's orders. The objective of the research is to analyze the existence of the implementation of the Regent of Bireuen's Letter of Interdiction with the basic approach of Freies Ermessen and its implications for the observance of Bireuen society. This research uses a yuridis-empirical method; data is collected with interview, and analyzed with analytical-descriptive techniques. The results of the research show that the existence of Regent of Bireuen's Letter of Interdiction of Live Music undermines the discretion of the government and, as contextually indicated, violates the basic principles of Freies Ermessen, thus having no legality in the hierarchy of legislation. However, if the government considers that live music needs to be banned in order to support the enforcement of Shariah Law, then it is regulated by a law that includes the study of academic scripts. In this way, he gives birth to a good law according to the will of the people.

Роль лидерства в образовании для устойчивого развития

Education is the strongest instrument for any development or change in the world. It is the most durable, acceptable and popular method of creating a change necessary for future development by creating willingness and self-awareness amongst people. Education geared towards sustainable development enables the individuals to gain knowledge, focused attitude, necessary skills and particular values which are essential for the formation of sustainable future (UNESCO, 2014). The foremost focus of Education for Sustainable Development is to improve the quality of life without damaging environment. In this fast-changing world, leadership is the basic element for making sustainable development through education and other factors. This paper aims to study the significance of educational leadership in promoting sustainable development, its basic principles, core competencies and approaches required for effective leadership. The study also explores the challenges faced by sustainable leadership and ways to overcome these challenges. With the help of literature review, it can be pointed out that to implement educational policies effectively, a system needs competent leaders who have multifaceted qualities. Though there are many challenges for educational leaders, visionary leaders can create sustainable education system which will in turn help in making sustainable development in the arena of economy, society, environment (Ecosystem & Biosphere), enhancing social justice and fight poverty.

Elena Alexandrovna Bakhtina: an Attempt to Verify Biographical Information (On the Problem of Creating a Scientific Biography of M. M. Bakhtin)

Introduction. The creation of a scientific biography of M. M. Bakhtin (1895–1975) is an urgent task of the modern humanities. There are many “blank spots” and inaccuracies in the biographies of the thinker. One of the most noticeable gaps is the extremely scarce and contradictory biographical information about his wife, E. A. Bakhtina (nee Okolovich). The article sets the task of verifying the biographical information about her given by other researchers by comparing already known sources and introducing new ones into scientific circulation. Materials and Methods. The study is of a historical-biographical nature. Research material: unpublished documents from the personal archive of M. M. Bakhtin; printed historical sources of the XX century (“Commemorative books” and other reference publications of the Vitebsk province); oral memoirs of people who communicated with E. A. Bakhtina during the Saransk period of her life recorded by the author in the 1990s – 2000s; scientific and popular science publications of a biographical nature about M. M. Bakhtin and representatives of his Circle. Basic methods and approaches: historical-and-cultural approach, comparative historical method (including comparative and correlative analysis). Results. It was revealed that many of the widely disseminated data about E. A. Bakhtina are inaccurate or generally do not correspond to reality. The introduction of new sources into scientific circulation made it possible to correct the date (year, day, month) and place of her birth, to determine the places of her study and work in different periods, to clarify and expand information about her parents (full name, place of residence and work, position, rank, estate, property status). Discussion and Conclusion. The results obtained contribute to solving the complex problem of creating a scientific biography of M. M. Bakhtin, in particular, they make adjustments to the ideas that have developed in science about the Vitebsk, Leningrad and Kustanai periods of his life, about the sequence of some events which happened to him at that time and about cause-and-effect connections between them.

Engelli ve Sağlıklı Çocuğu Olan Ebeveynlerin Üçüncü El Sigara Kullanımına İlişkin Görüşlerinin Değerlendirilmesi

Objective: The objectives of this study were to assess the opinions of parents with disabled children (PDC) and parents with healthy children (PHC) about thirdhand smoke (THS). 
 Method: This study was designed as a cross-sectional study. Study data were collected from the province of Burdur between October and November 2022. Data collection form consists of sociodemographic form, Beliefs about Thirdhand Smoke Scale (BATHS) and Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND).
 Results: Totally 365 (100%) people participated in the study, 99 (27.1%) of which were PDC and 266 (72.9%) of which were PHC. A statistical difference was found between the BATHS health and BATHS persistence means of PDC and PHC. The existence of rules about not smoking in the environment they live in was in a way that there is a rule for 62 (63%) people, partially there is a rule for 10 (10%) people and no rule for 27 (27%) people for the PDC. For the PHC, it was 138 (51.9%), 43 (16.2%), and 85 (31.9%) (respectively). 
 Conclusion: The means of BATHS health and BATHS persistence in PDC were lower than the mean of PHC. In the whole population; BATHS (including its sub-dimensions) scores were associated with participants' economic and educational status. More than half of the population had rules prohibiting tobacco use in their residence. The existence of these rules was higher in PDC. In particular, the opinions of the PDC on THS should be intervened with basic public health approaches and they should be provided with sufficient information on the subject.

Identification of CNN hyper-parameters for tobacco leaf quality classification on Nvidia Jetson Nano

At the moment, there are some inaccuracies in manual classification for tobacco leaf quality selection, which are influenced by some factors, such as human fatigue or poor lighting. These cases lead to the need for another method that is more consistent, faster and reliable. This research is an implementation of CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) in the classification of fresh tobacco leaves in terms of maturity grades. The primary objective is to develop an efficient CNN model capable to automize the classification of tobacco leaves into three maturity criteria: immature, mature, and old. This methodology consists of some key factors, including color thresholding strategies to purge the noise from the background, Basic Image Manipulation approaches, the systemized screening of different input sizes, and CNN models to enhance the results. The result of this research proves that the developed CNN model has 97.9 % accuracy achieved following 200 training sessions. The model is trained on a dataset comprising 1,249 fresh leaf photos, with a balanced 80:10:10 for train, validation and test ratio. However, the study emphasizes that the CNN model has successfully supported the tobacco leaf discrimination on a Jetson Nano Single-Board Computer with a Graphic Processing Unit (GPU). The study extends beyond the mere theoretical contribution to practical applications in sorting “Gagang Rejeb Sidi” tobacco leaf, the highest quality tobacco variety in South Malang, East Java, Indonesia. Classification using a webcam as an input device shows the fastest processing time of 203.17 ms and the maximum is 1,363 ms. This CNN model algorithm will be applied to a tobacco leaf selector machine, which has a high-speed conveyor and a three-position selector arm. The machine will be operated close to the field in post-harvest time under uniform lighting conditions. Overall, the result of this research is highly relevant in terms of the short duration and accuracy for understanding the commodity classification. It provides a new angle toward speeding up the classification process and improving Indonesian tobacco quality

Comparison of the Four-step Basic Life Support Approach with Non-Standardised Training Approach in Achieving Basic Life Support Proficiency among the Healthcare Workers

Objective: To quantify the effectiveness of non-structured training versus a structured 4-step approach for basic life support (BLS) knowledge and skills using quantitative assessment tools. Study Design: Quasi-experimental study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital, Peshawar Pakistan from Oct 2022 to Mar 2023. Methodology: Two hundred (n=200) healthcare workers from all Hospital Departments were included in the study through convenient sampling. They were divided into “Group-A” and “Group-B” of equal size. Group-A received BLS training through a four-step approach, whereas Group-B received non-structured teacher-based training. Pre and post-training MCQs judged the knowledge gained, and a checklist was used to assess the effectiveness of the BLS skills. Results: Both the groups had similar scores in the Pre-training test (p 0.692). Both groups improved their scores after their respective training (p<0.001 for both groups). However, Group-A got a better score (mean score =70.50±11.22) than Group- B (mean score =59.60±11.88) with a highly significant difference (p-value<0.001). There was also a significant improvement (p<0.001) in BLS skills performance as per the checklist in Group-A (mean 7.69±1.47) versus Group-B (mean 6.18±1.34) out of a maximum score of 10. Conclusion: The 4-step program is significantly better than non-standardised training in achieving BLS learning outcomes.

FORMATION OF BUSINESS EDUCATION IN INDEPENDENT UKRAINE: CONCEPTUAL ANALYSIS OF THE PROBLEM

The article analyses the concept of "business education" during its formation period in independent Ukraine for the purpose of establishing a scientifically grounded definition. The availability of scientific research on the problem of business education in economics or management and their actual lack in pedagogy is noted. The traditional and modern models of business education in the world practice are analyzed, which also affects the definition of the concept. The conclusion that the definition of business education depends on the basic scientific approaches is made. The approaches are: andragogical (business education is considered as a necessary component of lifelong learning), institutional (this type of educational services is defined as a social educational institution with a different ratio of formal and informal components depending on a specific public demand), pedagogical (business education is defined as a type of educational services and economic education provided under educational programmes (formal model) or without relevant licensed educational programmes (non-formal model) in a traditional or innovative form). The article analyses the specifics of the interpretation of the concept of business education within different scientific paradigms – axiological (business education as a system of personal values), procedural (as a learning process in a formal or informal model), target (as a result of obtaining a set of knowledge, skills and soft skills in the learning process), systemic (as a systemic formation with a corresponding set of components). The definition of business education is based on scientific definitions of the concept of education, highlighting the specific properties of business as a scope of knowledge, skills and personal characteristics. On the basis of the carried out categorical and conceptual analysis, the author formulates a definition of business education as a process and result of providing educational services of formal or non-formal type (in the form of a traditional or modern model) within specially created educational institutions under licensed foreign or national educational programs, with the corresponding educational degrees recognized by Ukraine.

Recent Approaches to the Plasticization of Poly(lactic Acid) (PLA) (A Review).

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a polyester attracting growing interest every year in different application fields, such as packaging, cosmetics, food, medicine, etc. Despite its significant advantages, it has low elasticity that may hinder further development and a corresponding rise in volume of consumption. This review opens a discussion of basic approaches to PLA plasticization. These considerations include copolymerization and blending with flexible polymers, introducing oligomers and low-molecular additives, as well as structural modification. It was demonstrated that each approach has its advantages, such as simplicity and low cost, but with disadvantages, including complex processing and the need for additional reagents. According to the analysis of different approaches, it was concluded that the optimal option is the application of copolymers as the additives obtained via reactive mixing to PLA and its blends with other polymers.

Development of basic approaches to organizing methodical work to eliminate deficities in professional training of teachers based on informal education

Introduction. Intensive and global changes in the education system that have occurred in recent years, the conditions of digitalization and convergence of education, changes in value orientations and a decrease in interest in learning among the younger generation place ever-increasing demands on the professional competencies of teachers and the development of their personal qualities. One of the significant ways that can significantly improve the professionalism of teachers and improve the quality of education in general is methodical support for the process of eliminating professional deficits of teachers based on informal education. Based on the above, the purpose of this article is to develop and substantiate the main approaches to organizing methodical work to eliminate deficiencies in the professional training of teachers based on informal education.Materials and Methods. The research was carried out by analyzing scientific literature on the research problem, analyzing regulatory sources, and summarizing our own practical experience on this topic. Studying the scientific literature on this topic, the history of the formation of the methodical service in Russia, the current state of methodological work in general education, and the results of an empirical study aimed at assessing the methodical competence of general education teachers were analyzed. Research methods: analysis of theoretical and regulatory literature, historiographic analysis, generalization, formulation of conclusions, analysis of practical experience, questionnaires, method of expert assessments.Results. To summarize the above, the generalized characteristics of the methodological service during the period of its modernization can be described as internally contradictory. On the one hand, the processes of humanization of education contributed to the revelation of the creative potential of talented teachers, who at that time created a number of original schools, enriching pedagogy with a number of new approaches to teaching and upbringing, new methods and technologies of teaching. The results of the study, confirming the presence of deficiencies in certain components of professional training of teachers, have updated the task of finding measures to solve pressing problems for the regional education system. The competency improvement project developed for these purposes was based on the use of informal education.Discussion and Conclusions. A condition for the effective implementation of methodical work by means of informal education is the formation of a digital educational environment, which provides the opportunity to diagnose the professional competencies of a teacher and develop personalized learning trajectories based on diagnosis. Informal education of a teacher should be implemented in formalized organizational and managerial conditions that make it possible to track the individual dynamics of the teacher, identify areas of his professional difficulties, and provide expert support if necessary.

Prediction of ctenophore Beroe ovata Bruguiere, 1789 habitat expansion and control of invading Mnemiopsis leidyi Agassiz, 1865 in the Ponto-Caspian basin associated with climate change

The seas of Ponto-Caspian basin (Black, Azov and Caspian) are exposed to species invasions, including harmful ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi A. Agassiz, 1865 and its predator Beroe ovata Bruguière, 1789. Current environmental conditions of invasive ctenophores M. leidyi and B. ovata occurrence, development and variability in the Ponto-Caspian basin have been compiled, based on own field observations and published data. Analysis of climatological data on basic environmental parameters (water temperature, salinity, chlorophyll concentration) and modeling approach were used to predict favourable for both ctenophores conditions, and changes of those conditions, associated with the climate variations. The role of B. ovata as a bio-controller of M. leidyi population has been assessed. Several climate change scenarios have been considered in this study i.e., uniform increase/decrease of SST throughout the year by 2 °C and only spring temperatures increase/decrease by 2 °C. The most sensitive to increase in SST in terms of M. leidyi reproduction duration are the western coast of the Black Sea and the Southern and Middle Caspian. On the other hand, B. ovata reproduction duration is expected to increase in several areas, including the northern coast of the Black Sea and the Southern and Middle Caspian. The coastal areas of the Black Sea and the transitional regions between the Southern and Middle Caspian are exposed to an earlier start of M. leidyi reproduction during warmer springs. Regarding B. ovata, the whole Black Sea is vulnerable to spring SST changes, but in the Caspian Sea B. ovata extends its reproduction duration only in the Middle Caspian during warmer springs. Since B. ovata consumes mostly M. leidyi, it is an important biocontrolling agent of M. leidyi, harmless for the ecosystem.

"KONSTITUTSIONALIZMNING PAYDO BO‘LISHI VA UNING RIVOJLANISH ASOSLARI "

"In this article, the classic theories and classical concepts of constitutionalism, as well as the characteristics and practice of constitutional government in the whole world, are considered from a scientific theoretical point of view. Also, the role of constitutionalism in the historical process of the countries of the world up to the stage of achieving democratic freedoms and the fact that it was the basic concept in the organization of state power are studied. In today’s globalized world, we can understand that constitutionalism is the foundation and basis of any developed country from the point of view of the organization of the state and law. It is revealed that constitutionalism played an extremely important role in the gradual development of humanity and in the emergence of basic human rights and freedoms based on the basic concepts and approaches of ancient philosophers. The traditions of constitutionalism in the creation of the state and law, which is one of the most urgent problems of today, and its organization and main concept in this process, are based on deep thoughts and scientific considerations. When familiarizing myself with the article, the proportion of constitutionalism and similar theories created by the human mind in the transition to the democratic society it dreamed of from the beginning of humanity to the present day has been scientifically compared and studied. Based on the concepts of person, state, and society and their rights and obligations before the constitution and the law, the most ideal form of these three subjects is the basis of constitutionalism. It is interpreted through existing theories and methods. "

Development of an Algorithm for Crane Trajectory Distance Calculation for Erection of Precast Concrete Members

Reducing the construction time for large logistics buildings can result in reduced construction management costs and economic gains from early operation. A large logistics building with a heavy load and long spans was constructed as a precast concrete (PC) structure, which required the use of a sizable crane to lift heavy PC members. A basic analytical approach was employed to resolve potential errors in the planning of PC member erection and to build a systematic erection plan. Calculation techniques for the trajectory distance that use the crane location were applied to select an erection plan that minimizes crane work. A crane trajectory distance calculation algorithm for sustainable PC member erection in large logistics buildings with heavy loads and long spans has been developed. The developed model aids in creating simulation and optimization models to ensure the minimal usage of cranes in the future and in determining the cost, construction time, CO2 emissions, and energy use for each erection plan.

The program of inclusion in the search activity of older adolescents and youth as a means of social hardening

The article discusses the content component of the implementation of the search activity of older adolescents and young men through modeling and implementation of programs aimed at their social hardening. This process is characterized by a special approach, multi-vector, reasonableness from the point of view of the formation of target settings. At the same time, the program is considered as a local project containing a justification of the idea, a list of basic approaches and principles, a statement of theoretical and practical actions. The variability in the content of the implemented programs in the activities of search teams allowed us to focus on the formation of a model within which it is possible to identify mutually conditioning blocks: target, value-oriented, content-based, technological, evaluative and effective, subsystem (component). The formed model approach makes it possible to assess the potential of involvement in search activities, promotes the formation of participants in such associations to critically evaluate the past and present, their own actions, be ready to overcome difficulties, make independent decisions and take responsibility for it, respond to socially significant events, work in a team. The content component of the program is aimed at solving military-patriotic and socio-pedagogical goals. The variability of the use of the program approach made it possible to include a variety of forms and methods in it, the modularity of the construction allows it to be expanded in time, the number of participants, and the resources involved.

Novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: Synthesis, docking and inhibitory activity evaluation of 4-benzamido-N-(1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl) benzamide derivatives

The cholinergic hypothesis is one of the basic approaches for designing and discovering novel anti-Alzheimer drugs. Application of the pharmacophore of well-known drugs like donepezil helps us achieve new molecules. In the current project, a new series of benzamide derivatives (6a–6l) were designed and synthesized. Spectroscopic techniques (NMR, IR, MS) were utilized for characterization. Subsequently, Ellman’s protocol was carried out for acetylcholinesterase assay and the obtained results were compared to donepezil (IC50 = 0.6 ± 0.05 µM). Compound 6b which bears a chlorine atom at position meta of the phenyl ring was the most potent derivative in this series (IC50 = 0.14 ± 0.03 nM) and exhibited higher activity than donepezil. In addition, molecular docking was performed to explore the binding mode and related interactions. The in silico results demonstrated that compound 6b binds to the active site of the AChE through a hydrogen bond with Trp279. This compound could be suggested as a potential lead compound and more experimental and in vivo tests are needed to prove its eligibility as a drug candidate.

Pancreatic Injury: Uncommon, Unusual, Uncanny, and Challenging Diagnostic Entity in Clinical Practice

Pancreatic injury, although uncommon, is difficult to diagnose because of its retroperitoneal location. Early diagnosis is critical to overcome high morbidity and mortality associated with pancreatic injury. A high degree of clinical suspicion along with understanding of the mechanism of injury and appropriate diagnostic studies would help a clinician to make a diagnosis of pancreatic injury. This brief review focusses on some basic concepts and approaches that would help a clinician to diagnose injury to the pancreas.