Basic Actions Research Articles

Practical Knowledge and Luminosity

AbstractMany philosophers hold that if an agent acts intentionally, she must know what she is doing. Although the scholarly consensus for many years was to reject the thesis in light of presumed counterexamples by Donald Davidson, several scholars have recently argued that attention to aspectual distinctions and the practical nature of this knowledge shows that these counterexamples fail. In this paper I defend a new objection against the thesis, one modelled after Timothy Williamson’s anti-luminosity argument. Since this argument relies on general principles about the nature of knowledge rather than on intuitions about fringe cases, the recent responses that have been given to defuse the force of Davidson’s objection are silent against it. Moreover, the argument suggests that even weaker theses connecting practical entities (e.g. basic actions, intentions, attempts, etc.) with knowledge are also false. Recent defenders of the thesis that there is a necessary connection between knowledge and intentional action are motivated by the insight that this connection is non-accidental. I close with a positive proposal to account for the non-accidentality of this link without appeal to necessary connections by drawing an extended analogy between practical and perceptual knowledge.

Predicting user reactions to Twitter feed content based on personality type and social cues

The events in the past few years clearly indicate that the modern social, political and economical landscapes are heavily influenced by how information flows through social networks. For instance, the recent outcomes of the US presidential elections and the Brexit vote show that misinformation and otherwise influencing content can affect events of great importance. In this paper, we adopt a simplified version of the recently proposed Network Knowledge Base (NKB) model to tackle the problem of predicting basic actions that a user can take given the content of their social media feeds: either take action (by reusing content seen in their feeds or creating new one), or otherwise take no action. We propose processing raw data obtained from social media based on the framework defined by the NKB model, and then formulate an action/no action prediction task that takes as input five features (including the user’s personality type and other social cues), and then go on to show—via an extensive empirical evaluation with real-world Twitter data—that machine learning classification algorithms can be successfully applied in this setting to make predictions about user reactions. The main result obtained is that, out of the features considered, personality type based on the Big-5 (also known as OCEAN) model is the most impactful; furthermore, though the rest of the features taken individually do not have a significant impact, the best results are obtained when they are all taken together. This is a first step in applying the NKB model towards understanding the effect of pathogenic social media phenomena such as fake news, how they spread via cascades, and how to counteract their ill effects.

LINGUISTIC AND EXTRALINVISTIC CONSTITUENTS OF SUNDAY SERMON

The article is devoted to the study of linguistic and extra-linguistic components of the Ukrainian-Sunday sermon. The distinctive linguistic units of this genre are singled out, it is determined that the linguistic specificity of the Sunday sermon is most pronounced at the lexical and syntactic levels of the language. The peculiarities of the structure of the Sunday sermon are elucidated and described extralinguistic factors of this genre.It is determined that, despite the monologue nature of the sermon, a significant number of researchers emphasized its dialogicity (internal and external). Under the internal dialogue scientists understand the indirect involvement of listeners to coexistence, empathy. External dialogue is achieved by using a number of linguistic means: 1) verbs and pronouns in the form of 2 persons of a plurality that make the listener a participant in the dialogue, appealing to his experience or logic 2) questioning sentences (provided that they have the correct intonational formulation, they have the ability to cause active verbal or nonverbal listener's reaction); 3) quotation of the Holy Scripture, which creates the illusion of a recipient's dialogue not only with the priest but also with God. Founded out that the language of Ukrainian-sunday sermon is verbally and substantially conservative. At the lexical level, its core is the conceptual vocabulary and vocabulary on the denotation of basic religious actions and phenomena. The vocabulary of the Ukrainian-Sunday sermon contains a large number of onomastic units, which at the expense of established associations unite the Orthodox community, regardless of the cultural or social verification of the believers. The syntactic organization of the Ukrainian-language Sunday sermon is characterized by the synthesis of various types of sentences, but complex sentences (32%) prevail over simple (25%) and complicated, which facilitates the establishment of causal, logical connections, and, consequently, improves the level of the acquired information. At the non-official level, the Ukrainian-sunday sermon is characterized by dogmatism and institutional conditionality. The most active extra-linguistic means of sunday sermon is the color, illumination, and gestures of the preacher. For example, gestures and facial expressions play an important role in communication, including religious ones, because properly selected body movements and facial expressions help to establish psychological contact between the pastor and parishioners, creating a trusting, comfortable atmosphere of communication. Extra-linguistic means, accumulating with the text of the sermon, create the necessary background for maximally effective perception of information and, accordingly, achievement of the main goal of the sermon – involving the addressee in faith. Prospects for further research we see in the analysis of the complex of semiotic codes of Ukrainian-language sunday sermons in the projection of their influential dominant.

Target-Specific Action Classification for Automated Assessment of Human Motor Behavior from Video.

Objective monitoring and assessment of human motor behavior can improve the diagnosis and management of several medical conditions. Over the past decade, significant advances have been made in the use of wearable technology for continuously monitoring human motor behavior in free-living conditions. However, wearable technology remains ill-suited for applications which require monitoring and interpretation of complex motor behaviors (e.g., involving interactions with the environment). Recent advances in computer vision and deep learning have opened up new possibilities for extracting information from video recordings. In this paper, we present a hierarchical vision-based behavior phenotyping method for classification of basic human actions in video recordings performed using a single RGB camera. Our method addresses challenges associated with tracking multiple human actors and classification of actions in videos recorded in changing environments with different fields of view. We implement a cascaded pose tracker that uses temporal relationships between detections for short-term tracking and appearance based tracklet fusion for long-term tracking. Furthermore, for action classification, we use pose evolution maps derived from the cascaded pose tracker as low-dimensional and interpretable representations of the movement sequences for training a convolutional neural network. The cascaded pose tracker achieves an average accuracy of 88% in tracking the target human actor in our video recordings, and overall system achieves average test accuracy of 84% for target-specific action classification in untrimmed video recordings.

Legal Approval and the Interests of a Lawsuit

강학상 인가는 사인간의 법률행위를 보충하여 효력을 완성시켜주는 행위이다. 강학상 인가가 타인간의 법률행위를 보충하는 행위로서의 성격을 가짐에 따라 인가자체의 하자가 중대, 명백하여 무효인 경우뿐만 아니라 기본행위 자체가 무효이거나 기본행위가 실효된 경우에도 보충행위인 인가는 무효가 되거나 실효된다. 따라서 강학상 인가처분이 있을 경우 인가가 무효라는 주장은 두 가지 방향에서 가능하다. 하나는 강학상 인가자체의 주체, 내용, 형식, 절차에 중대, 명백한 하자가 있어서 무효라는 주장이고 다른 하나는 기본행위가 그 성립요건 또는 효력요건을 갖추지 못하거나 취소되어 인가도 무효라는 주장이다. 그런데 기본행위에 하자가 있다는 이유로 인가처분의 취소 또는 무효 확인의 소를 제기하면 기본행위의 무효 확인을 구하는 것은 별론으로 하고 소의 이익이 없다는 것이 대법원의 일관된 태도이다. 그러나 대법원의 태도가 타당한지는 의문이다. 우리 행정소송법 체계 및 확인의 이익에 대한 대법원 판례와도 부합하지 않고 국민의 재판청구권 보장측면에서도 적절하지 않기 때문이다. 강학상 인가를 다툼에 있어 기본행위의 하자를 이유로 무효 또는 취소 주장하는 것은 소의 이익이 없다는 대법원의 태도는 변경되는 것이 바람직하다. 우선적으로 지적할 것은 기본행위의 하자여부가 인가여부를 결정짓는 심사기준이 되는 경우는 기본행위의 하자여부가 곧 인가자체의 하자가 될 수 있다는 것이다. 더 중요한 점은 기본행위의 무효를 이유로 해서 인가의 무효를 주장하는 것을 행정소송법상 부적법하다고 판단할 근거가 없다는 것이다. 기본행위의 하자를 이유로 한 항고소송을 부적법하다고 하여 각하하는 것은 국민으로 하여금 민사소송을 제기한 후에 다시 항고소송을 거치는 수고를 하게 하는 것으로서 행정소송법상 근거가 없을 뿐만 아니라 나아가 국민의 기본권인 재판청구권의 침해에도 해당할 수 있다. 따라서 무효확인을 구할 법률상 이익이 있다면 그것이 기본행위의 하자를 이유로 하는 것이든 인가자체의 하자를 이유로 하는 것이든 소의 이익이 있다고 보는 것이 타당하다. 최근 대법원판례에 의하더라도 항고소송으로서의 무효 확인의 소는 민사소송에서의 무효 확인 소송에서의 즉시 확정의 이익은 따로 요구하지 않는다고 하는 점에 비추어도 소의 이익을 인정하는 방향으로 가는 것이 타당하다.Legal approval acts as the supplement of legal actions between involved parties. Legal approval becomes invalid when serious or obvious defects are found within it. Due to its supplementary nature, they can also become nullified or invalidated when there are errors within the basic legal action. Thus, There are two possible cases if the legal approval is invalid. One is that the legal approval itself is invalid because it has serious and obvious defects and the other is that the basic legal action is invalid. However, the Supreme Court s consistent ruling is that if a suit is filed for confirmation of the nullification of the legal approval on the grounds that the basic legal action is flawed, there will be no profit in the lawsuit. But it is questionable. This is because it is not consistent with the Supreme Court s precedent for the benefits of confirmation and the system of the administrative litigation law. It is desirable to change the Supreme Court s precedent that claiming that the legal approval is invalid or revoked because there are flaws in basic actions does not benefit the court. First of all, if it is the screening criteria for deciding whether or not the basic behavior is defective, the defect of the basic behavior can be the defect of the approval itself. More importantly, there is no reason to judge that arguing for the nullification of the approval, citing the nullification of the basic act, is inappropriate under the Administrative Procedure Act. Nevertheless, the non-compliance of an appeal suit on the grounds of defects in basic conduct is to force the public to file a civil suit and then go through an appeal again, which is not only groundless but could also constitute violation of the people s basic right to appeal.

An ensemble method for inverse reinforcement learning

In inverse reinforcement learning (IRL), a reward function is learnt to generalize experts’ behavior. This paper proposes a model-free IRL algorithm based on an ensemble method, where the reward function is regarded as a parametric function of expected features. In other words, the parameters are updated based on a weak classification method. The IRL is formulated as a problem of a boosting classifier, akin to the renowned Adaboost algorithm for classification, feature expectations from experts’ demonstration, and the trajectory induced by an agent's current policy. The proposed approach takes individual feature expectation as attractor or expeller, depending on the sign of the residuals of the state trajectories between expert's demonstration and the one induced by RL with the currently approximated reward function, so as to tackle its central challenges of accurate inference, generalizability, and correctness of prior knowledge. Then, the proposed method is applied further to approximate an abstract reward function from observations of more complex behavior composed of several basic actions. The results of the simulations in a labyrinth are shown to validate the proposed algorithm. Furthermore, behaviors composed of a set of primitive actions on a soccer robot field are examined for the applicability of the proposed method.

SCIENTIFIC APPROACHES TO FITNESS CONSULTANT PROFESSIONAL ACTIVITY STANDARDIZATION

National legislation documents, regulatory documents and information materials, including the professional standards of health and wellness professionals of international organizations (SkillsActive, Europe active, International Consortium for Health & Wellness Coaching, European Observatoire of Sport and Employment) have been considered. Objective. To study current scientific approaches to standardization of professional activity of fitness consultant in different countries. Methods. Theoretical analysis and generalization of data of scientific and methodological literature and practical experience, system analysis, content analysis. Result. The system of knowledge about the role and fundamental characteristics of the fitness consultant profession has been improved and supplemented; various approaches to determining the content of their work activity have been systematized. On the basis of national and foreign experience theoretical studies of the basic definitions of work have been carried out. The characteristic features of the American conceptual model with professional activity of a fitness consultant viewed through the prism of coaching, characteristic features of which is the orientation to changing the behavioral strategies of the individual, which leads to the disclosure of its internal potential towards health saving, and the European model, according to which prioritizing focus is made on collaborating with a wide range of people who have a chronic illness or are at high risk of developing it due to lifestyle, in the direction of developing rehabilitation programs, and organizing and conducting physical culture and health related sessions. The main range of problems related to the sphere of professional activity of specialists in health care maintenance and promotion has been determined, namely: the need to determine the list of basic work functions and actions, functional responsibilities of a fitness consultant, professional competences, criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of their professional activities.

Promovendo a participação democrática em um pequeno município através da extensão universitária como processo de inclusão e educação cidadã

O estudo tem por objetivo analisar uma experiência de Orçamento Participativo no Município de Currais Novos - RN. Em relação à metodologia foram aplicados questionários e etapas de rodas de conversas, reuniões plenárias locais em seis comunidades/bairros e uma Plenária Geral. Como resultado foi constatado que as carências apontadas pelas localidades participantes deste processo remetem a necessidades de investimentos por parte do Poder Público Municipal em ações básicas relativas a obras e serviços em infraestrutura, segurança, saúde e educação, que se colocam atualmente como as maiores mazelas do lócus municipal. Por fim, o estudo conclui que o reduzido montante de recursos destinados à ação, implicou em severa fragmentação do atendimento às necessidades da população e que o processo carece de suporte mais efetivo no que concerne ao acompanhamento e análise orçamentária das ações dele correntes.

Procesy i egzekucje „żywych trupów” przed sądami miejskimi i wiejskimi w XVI–XVIII wieku – przyczynek do wierzeń w magia posthuma na Śląsku

There are references reaching back to the Middle Ages, regarding the fear of the “undead” or “living dead” who would rise from their graves in a local cemetery to haunt and harm the community. The fear of the “undead” was extremely strong, and the entailing hysteria often affected entire communities. In the 16th to the 18th century, in Silesia, effective forms of coping with the harmful deceased were developed. Analysing the preserved source material, we are able to determine that the basic actions involved finding the grave of the “undead” in the cemetery, exhuming the corpse and destroying it. However, this did not always mean the total annihilation of the poor man’s corpse. The trial and execution of the corpse of a person suspected of the harmful activity against the living took place observing almost the same rules as in the case of the living. Apart from the authorities, who usually commissioned local jurors to handle the situation, opinions and advice were also sought from the clergy as well as gravediggers and executioners. The last were considered to be experts of sorts and were often called upon to see corpses of the suspected dead. In the analysed cases of posthumous magic (magia posthuma) in Silesia, we deal with two directions of handling the corpse accused of a harmful posthumous activity. In both cases, the main decision was made to remove such corpses from the cemetery’s area. Costs of the trial and execution of the “undead” were considerable. They included expenses incurred due to rather frequent court hearings at which sometimes dozens of witnesses were heard, payments to expert witnesses, payments to guards watching graves, costs of legal instructions, services of gravediggers who would dig up suspicious graves, and, finally, the remuneration of executioners and their people. In the second half of the 18th century, despite relevant decrees issued by supreme authorities, trials and executions of the dead were not completely abandoned.

Gender matters? How does gender shape risk environment for syringe sharing among people who inject drugsin northern Mexico. Results from a cross-sectional survey

Introduction. HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) is 5%. Studies have found a HIV prevalence around 10% among women who inject drugs (WWID) and 5% among men. Objective. To describe characteristics of risk environment that play different roles among men and women who inject drugs in Mexico that could be associated with those differentials. Method. In 2012 were interviewed in Hermosillo and Ciudad Juarez in places where population gathered. From them, 824 PWID 74.0% were men and 26.0% were women. Using chi-square test we analyzed associations of gender with demographics characteristics, drug use dynamics, and injecting behaviors. We fitted different generalized linear mixed models with random effects to test the hypothesis that predictors of receptive needle sharing have different effects on men and women. Results. Descriptive analysis showed that women live in conditions of higher vulnerability than men in terms of migration, educational attainment, occupation, and income. Women also reported a higher frequency of drug injection, a higher number of drugs used, and a higher prevalence of sharing needles. Variables significantly associated with the likelihood of sharing needles were: having being injected for someone else at first drug injection (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.60, 95% confidence interval CI [1.11, 2.25], p < .05); injecting once a day or more (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI [1.17, 2.70], p < .05), using alcohol or drugs at least half of the time at their sexual encounters (AOR = 1.64, 95% CI [1.16, 2.47], p < .05), experience of syringe confiscation by police (AOR = 1.54, 95% CI [1.13, 2.19], p < .05), and perceiving syringe availability as hard or very hard (AOR = 2.29, 95% CI [1.49, 3.32], p < .01). For women the most significant variable associated with syringe sharing was perception of syringe availability (AOR = 3.15, 95% CI [1.25, 7.91], p < .05), while for men was syringe confiscation by police (AOR = 1.74, 95% CI [1.20, 2.50], p < .05). Discussion and conclusion. Results suggests the need to design and implement harm reduction programs that tackle the specific need of WID. Enhancing syringe availability through permanent harm reduction programs, implemented in coordination between public health authorities and community-based organizations, is a basic action to stop HIV spreading among PWID in northern Mexico, along with the decriminalization policies towards these population.

Food poisoning assessment in Ba Ria - Vung Tau, 2016 - 2018

Food poisoning could cause serious health issues. In this report, the statistical data about food poisoning available from 2016 to 2018 in Ba Ria - Vung Tau province was analyzed. The aim is to outline basic strategic action plans for addressing key factors that affected food safety in the region. It was found that there were annually 03 cases of foodborne outbreaks with 68 infected people and 01 fatality. The most common causes of food poisoning were microorganisms (72.41%), followed by chemical pesticides (21.83%) and the least were natural toxins (5.74%). Foodborne outbreaks normally occurred in residential kitchens (55.56%), factory canteen (22.22%), and restaurants (22.22%).

Permutation Entropy and Irreversibility in Gait Kinematic Time Series from Patients with Mild Cognitive Decline and Early Alzheimer’s Dementia

Gait is a basic cognitive purposeful action that has been shown to be altered in late stages of neurodegenerative dementias. Nevertheless, alterations are less clear in mild forms of dementia, and the potential use of gait analysis as a biomarker of initial cognitive decline has hitherto mostly been neglected. Herein, we report the results of a study of gait kinematic time series for two groups of patients (mild cognitive impairment and mild Alzheimer’s disease) and a group of matched control subjects. Two metrics based on permutation patterns are considered, respectively measuring the complexity and irreversibility of the time series. Results indicate that kinematic disorganisation is present in early phases of cognitive impairment; in addition, they depict a rich scenario, in which some joint movements display an increased complexity and irreversibility, while others a marked decrease. Beyond their potential use as biomarkers, complexity and irreversibility metrics can open a new door to the understanding of the role of the nervous system in gait, as well as its adaptation and compensatory mechanisms.

Revitalization of Riverside Boulevards in Poland – A Case Study on the Background of the European Implementation

River banks have recently experienced a real renaissance, this form of development of the city areas located directly near the river is often treated as one of the most representative areas in the city. More and more cities are opting for the revitalization of heavily degraded areas bordering the river. Rivers, which in the past were “unfriendly” to man for most of the XX century, through the close proximity to industrial and transport functions, have become currently an attraction in the scale of the whole city and even in the wider region very often. The author presents examples of revitalized boulevards in Poland, ie.: Vistula Boulevards in Warsaw, River banks in Bydgoszcz, Biała River bank in Bialystok. The aim of the study was to compare selected types of the revitalization of these areas in Poland with selected foreign examples. In the conclusions, the author showed the factors determining their current function and character depending on their historical significance, location and function, and especially the current location in the functional and spatial structure. To a larger extent, the current function of these public spaces is determined by the size of the city and their location in relation to the centre. Distance from other open public spaces, especially green areas, is also significant. The most frequent activity in these spaces is the improvement of their pedestrian and bicycle accessibility through the construction of paths, ramps, slipways and footbridges. The second basic action is the change of the status of these areas and the attempt to include them in the park area system, giving the status of recreation and leisure places for residents and tourists. Foreign examples: The Nervión River in Bilbao, The Rio Madrid Avenue in Madrid and the Rheinauhafen Boulevard in Cologne show a fairly diverse approach to this issue while expanding the scope of possible actions.

A study of the teaching of kendo to beginners by applying rhythmic movements: A focus on basic striking actions

A study of the teaching of kendo to beginners by applying rhythmic movements: A focus on basic striking actions

Sensorimotor system engagement during ASL sign perception: An EEG study in deaf signers and hearing non-signers

When a person observes someone else performing an action, the observer's sensorimotor cortex activates as if the observer is the one performing the action, a phenomenon known as action simulation. While this process has been well-established for basic (e.g., grasping) and complex (e.g., dancing) actions, it remains unknown if the framework of action simulation is applicable to visual languages such as American Sign Language (ASL). We conducted an EEG experiment with deaf signers and hearing non-signers to compare overall sensorimotor EEG between groups, and to test whether sensorimotor systems are differentially sensitive to signs that are produced with one hand (“1H”) or two hands (“2H”). We predicted greater alpha and beta event-related desynchronization (previously correlated with action simulation) during the perception of 2H ASL signs compared to 1H ASL signs, due to greater demands on sensorimotor processing systems required for producing two-handed actions. We recorded EEG from both groups as they observed videos of ASL signs, half 1H and half 2H. Event-related spectral perturbations (ERSPs) in the alpha and beta ranges were computed for the two conditions at central electrode sites overlying the sensorimotor cortex. Sensorimotor EEG responses in both Hearing and Deaf groups were sensitive to the observed gross motor characteristics of the observed signs. We show for the first time that despite hearing non-signers showing overall more sensorimotor cortex involvement during sign observation, mirroring-related processes are in fact involved when deaf signers observe signs.

UAV Collision Avoidance Based on Varying Cells Strategy

This paper presents a trajectory planning strategy for collision avoidance in unmanned aerial vehicles. First, a varying cell strategy is proposed to integrate aerodynamic constraints into trajectory planning. Basic avoidance actions in the varying cell strategy are adapted accordingly to go through different cells, enabling more flexible avoidance maneuvers. Second, given the limited decision-making time involved, offline and online path planning methods are developed to increase the convergence rate. Finally, Monte Carlo simulations demonstrate that the proposed method satisfies aerodynamic constraints, while both the convergence and collision avoidance rates are better than that achieved by fixed cell-based methods.

A Syllabus Design in Learning Speaking for International Volunteers as Non-Native Speakers of Indonesian

Indonesia International Work Camp (IIWC) is an international organization. The organization facilitates Indonesian course to foreign volunteers who conduct a voluntary project in Indonesia. The course started in 2009 up to now. If there is one lack from the course, it is because the course did not have any syllabus. This action research study has a main purpose to design an Indonesian speaking syllabus for IIWC foreign volunteers based on contextual field at a project site. This action research included a basic action research routine: look, think and act. An approach employed in this research is case study. Questionnaires, interviews, notes, a teaching journal, recordings, photographs and videos were taken during the course process. The population of this research is the IIWC foreign volunteers. The sample of this research is Yurie Takahashi, a Japanese foreign volunteer who was the only new foreign volunteer came in Indonesia at that time. She conducted a social international voluntary service in Indonesia. The major research participants are I as the Indonesian speaking instructor, and the foreign volunteer as the learner. The collected data is analyzed using a process of reflection and interpretation that is categorizing and coding. The findings are: the syllabus for Indonesian speaking course, for IIWC foreign volunteers who conducted a project at the project site of Fatimatuzzahro orphanage Semarang central-Java Indonesia. The syllabus employs a learning centered approach. Then the program evaluation revealed the instructor’s teaching and attitudes from the learner’s perspective and the learner’s progresses after joining the course. Eventually, the teaching materials compilation was taught from the syllabus made to be a handout of the course which can support the teaching-learning processes later. It is suggested to other IIWC’s Indonesian speaking instructors who will teach foreign volunteers at the orphanage can look at the syllabus in advance, so that they can know starting points in surveying the existing situation. It is also suggested to other researchers to take the uninvestigated cases in this research regarding Indonesian listening and pronunciation problems which later can be contributed as well to knowledge of applied linguistics.

The Quality of the Decision-Making Process in Road Transport

Abstract The issue of quality is a very important aspect of the operation of transport companies. In relation to the area of their activity it primarily focuses on the quality of services provided, which can be verified e.g. on the basis of timeliness of deliveries or accepted complaints. This allows for examining the quality after providing the service in order to take future pro-quality actions. However, is it possible to affect the quality of services provided before their provision? The transport process itself is preceded with a range of actions taken within the framework of detailed planning and organization, which can significantly influence the quality of services. The decisions made at the management level are conditioned by many factors determining the course of future events, however, this is not always enough to make the process run uninterruptedly. Therefore, it is important to structure basic actions at the initial stage so as to allow the smooth conduct of the decision-making process for the specific task in order to subsequently focus on the detailed analysis of the actions planned. In the paper, the author attempts to characterize the fundamental factors affecting the decisions taken during the planning and organization of the transport process. The objective of the conducted research is to verify initial decisions and their significance for the improvement in the quality of transport services provided. There was conducted the algorithmization of actions and interpretation of their importance for the quality of decisions taken at the preparatory stage and during transport.

Applying augmented reality in physical education on motor skills learning

ABSTRACT Physical education is a course that integrates knowledge of sports with skill drilling. Augmented Reality (AR)-assisted instruction has infrequently been applied in sport skill drilling. Video-assisted instruction has frequently applied to physical sports; however, it neither involves interactive practice nor embodies both textbook learning and the practice of sporting skills simultaneously. As a complement to video-assisted instruction, AR can apply virtual messages to learning objects so that 3-dimensional models can be superimposed into textbooks, which allows learners to read books while operating 3D character models. To verify the effects of learning outcomes, motor skills, and learning motivation with AR-assisted instruction and the effects of different difficulty levels on instruction materials, two experimental studies were implemented. Simple and basic running actions and more difficult Mark exercise actions were chosen as the teaching content. The experiments adopted a quasi-experimental design. The findings indicate that AR-assisted instruction is more effective than video-assisted instruction, and the effects are better for more difficult motor skills learning.

Nonlinear Dynamic Model of Basic Tennis Actions

A number of factors influence the game of tennis. These include different shapes and sizes of the racket and string bed, initial tension in strings, racket-holding techniques, impact force, as well as damping and stiffness of players’ shoulders and wrists. A nonlinear analytical dynamic model of basic tennis actions involving the racket, string bed, and players’ anatomy has been proposed. A dynamic model for the assessment of vibrations induced in players when playing tennis by means of four motions and involving basic parameters concerning the racket and string bed as well as players’ shoulder and wrists is proposed. In the proposed model, the racket, string bed, shoulder, and wrists are approximated as a flexible beam, thin membrane, torsional spring, and damping system, respectively. The dynamic model predicts vibration characteristics caused by the action of an impact force on the racket through use of Lagrange’s equation. A governing equation considering four motions is computed using Runge–Kutta techniques. To assess the accuracy of the proposed model, vibrations predicted in the player’s shoulder and racket handle are compared against those obtained via experiments using inertial measurement units (IMUs). The proposed model represents a method to assess risks associated with the occurrence of injuries when playing tennis and measures to be taken to avoid the same through comparison of proposed-model-predicted results against experimental data and three sets of comparisons. Conclusions of this study demonstrate that using a small impact force and holding the racket at a greater distance from the butt-end of the grip are useful techniques towards reducing the risk of injuries to the shoulder and wrist, and differences in string tension have a little effect on vibrations set up in the shoulder and wrist.