Baseball Club Research Articles

Recognition of the game situation in baseball.

This study examines baseball players' recognition framework of out, ball, and strike counts in baseball games and clarifies the differences in psychological perspectives between batters and pitchers. The participants were 396 players (294 batters and 102 pitchers) belonging to baseball clubs at eight universities. Participants answered 288 questions for all game situations by combining out, ball, and strike counts and runner position. The advantages for batters or pitchers were evaluated using a 7-point Likert scale (from very advantageous for batters to very advantageous for pitchers). Factor analysis indicated four significant factors (36 items): "Batter's advantage count," "Pitcher's advantage count," "2 out young count," and "0 out young count." In a direct comparison of these factors between batters and pitchers, batters were more aware of their advantage over pitchers in the factors "Batter's advantage count" and "0 out young count" and disadvantage in the "Pitcher's advantage count." Significant differences in recognition of these factors were observed between batters and pitchers. Batters were more susceptible to game situations than were pitchers. Our findings suggest that baseball players recognize several types of game situations, although not an infinite number.

BASEBALL TEAM CORPORATE IDENTITY DESIGN: ARTISTIC AND TRADITIONAL CULTURE ASPECTS

The purpose of the article is to analyze the design of baseball team logos and create an original baseball club logo based on the identified trends. The analysis of the logos of baseball teams in the United States, China and Ukraine showed that the logos mainly depict elements related to baseball; elements of national cultural heritage; the name or monogram of the team. At the same time, the logos of baseball teams in the United States and China have pronounced features of shape, icon and color scheme. Baseball team logos in the USA often use a round shape. Blue and red are popular colors. The logos of Chinese baseball clubs mainly have a combined structure of the emblem, which accommodates the mascot of the club (zoomorphic or anthropomorphic), a baseball tool and the name of the club. The logo colors of Chinese baseball teams are black, white and warm colors: red, orange and yellow. Blue is also used. Based on the results of the analysis, elements of the corporate identity of a baseball club were developed: logo, branded colors, branded font. The main components of the corporate identity project are sports equipment, printing and souvenir products.

Optimal Limb Position for the Stress Ultrasound Evaluation of Elbow Valgus Laxity in Baseball Players.

The optimal limb position during stress ultrasound (SUS) evaluation of elbow valgus laxity has not been standardized. To compare 2 elbow positions (at 90° and 30° of flexion) and report which position method better represents the increased valgus laxity characteristics of baseball players. Controlled laboratory study. Eighteen college baseball players with no history of elbow pain or elbow disorders who belonged to a college baseball club between April and November 2021 participated in this study. The medial elbow joint space (MEJS) was recorded by ultrasonography at rest and under valgus stress, and the difference in MEJS between the conditions was considered the valgus laxity. For all participants, the MEJS was recorded at 90° and 30° of elbow flexion. In the 90° of flexion position, the participant was positioned in the supine position with abduction and external rotation of the shoulder, and 2.5 kgf of valgus stress was applied proximally to the wrist. In the 30° of flexion position, the participant was positioned in the sitting position with abduction and external rotation of the shoulder, and 3.0 kgf of valgus stress was applied to the ulnar head. Valgus laxity on the throwing and nonthrowing sides was compared between the 2 elbow positions using paired t tests or Wilcoxon signed-rank tests after checking the normality. There was a significant difference in valgus laxity on the throwing side between the 90° and 30° of flexion positions (1.9 vs 1.1 mm, respectively; P = .002), whereas no significant difference between positions was seen on the nonthrowing side (P = .06). SUS with the elbow flexed at 90° more clearly detected valgus laxity in the study participants than the 30° of flexion position. The quantitative evaluation of valgus laxity is important for baseball players to assess the risk of ulnar collateral ligament injury.

부산지역 사회인 야구리그의 경제적 파급효과 분석

The purpose of this study aims to identify the economic impact value of the community baseball club leagues, a representative daily sport in Busan, and present basic data for the development and revitalization of the leagues. A survey was conducted on 404 individual participants in the baseball leagues, and based on the valid data the production-inducing effects, value-added effects, and employment-inducing effects were identified using the index of 2015 input-output analysis. The results of this study are as follows. The production-inducing effect of the community baseball club leagues was about 33.46 billion won, the value-added effect was about 13.4 billion won, and the employment-inducing effect was 368.7 people/1 billion won. The economic ripple effect analysis data of the community baseball leagues in Busan presented in this study, is considered meaningful in revitalizing the local economy as well as local sports.

Relationship Between Lumbar Locked Rotation, Trunk Rotation During Pitching, and Pitch Velocity in High School Baseball Players.

Trunk rotation during pitching correlates with pitching velocity and load on the joints of the upper limb. Trunk rotation is often focusing on during teaching the pitching motion. Athletes who exhibit early trunk rotation during pitching often have low thoracic spine rotational range of motion. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the range of thoracic spine rotation measured using the lumbar locked rotation test (LLR-t), hip-shoulder separation (H/S) and thoracic rotation angle at stride foot contact (SFC), and ball velocity. Descriptive laboratory study. Fifteen healthy male high school students belonging to a baseball club were recruited for participation. The throwing side and non-throwing side LLR-t was performed using an inclinometer. Hip-shoulder separation and thoracic rotation angle during SFC were measured using a pitching motion analysis application: Pitch AI. In addition, a tracking device specifically designed for pitching：Pitching2.0 was employed to measure ball velocity. Correlations between LLR angle, H/S, trunk rotation angles at SFC, and ball velocity were examined using Pearson's correlation coefficient. There was a positive correlation（r=0.52，p=0.047） between the LLRt angle and H/S. Additionally, there was a negative correlation（r=-0.62, p =0.01） between the LLRt angle on the throwing side and thoracic rotation angle. There was a positive correlation(r=0.54, p=0.04) between ball velocity and H/S and a negative correlation(r=-0.56, p=0.03) between ball velocity and thoracic rotation angle during SFC. . The LLR-t measures thoracic rotation angle with the pelvis-lumbar spine fixed. The results indicated that throwing side LLR was related to the thoracic angle during SFC and hip-shoulder separation. 3.

Taylor Smith: Passage d’un joueur afro- descendant au Québec, 1899-1900

African-American baseball player Taylor Smith was long forgotten until an American sports collectoracquired a photo picturing him in his Saint-Jean, Quebec baseball club uniform. This discovery highlightedTaylor Smith’s exceptional career path, from Pennsylvania’s black teams to the famous Cuban Giants, ending upin Quebec at the end of his career with two Provincial League teams. An example of baseball racial integrationlong before Charlie Culver and Jackie Robinson.

The Camden Merritt, New Jersey’s Premier Nineteenth-Century Baseball Team

With the emergence of baseball as America’s national sporting pastime, Camden civic and business leaders decided in 1881 to organize a professional team. This article examines the brief but spectacular history of the Albert Merritt Base Ball Club, one of the best minor league teams of the nineteenth century. Examined are the social and economic reasons for organizing a professional team, the unique founding of the club, the construction of a playing facility, and team finances including player salaries. The 1883 Merritt, which advanced every player to the major leagues, was a juggernaut, dominating the inaugural season of the Inter-State Association, one of two officially organized minor leagues. But despite success on the field with a 27-8 (.771) record, the team suddenly disbanded on July 21. The case study of the promise and perils of professional baseball as a civic and community enterprise culminates in a discussion of the club’s demise because of internal financial problems and inability to compete with two major league teams across the Delaware River in Philadelphia.

Pittsburgh Pirates Mental Wellness Initiative

A goal of most professional sport organizations is to minimize factors that contribute to negative psychological and emotional outcomes and maximize factors that support more positive outcomes. In order to address these concerns in professional sport, a mental wellness initiative was created for the Pittsburgh Pirates baseball club. This paper provides an overview of the initiative. The model includes the following dimensions: mental health education, skill building, identification of at-risk athletes, access to clinical professionals, crisis management procedures, and reducing stigma. Suggestions are provided for other organizations to consider and adopt.

프로스포츠 산업의 지역 경제 파급효과 – 프로야구 분석

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the regional economic impact of the professional baseball industry by examining the expenditures of professional baseball clubs and spectators.BR Method: To achieve this purpose, a regional input-output analysis was used in this study.BR Results: The results of the analysis showed that the regional production inducement effect of the professional baseball industry was KRW 1059.1 billion, the value-added inducement effect was KRW 491.9 billion, and the employment inducement effect was 10,987 person. The LGT wins had the highest production inducement effect within the region (KRW 131.1 billion). Next, SK Wyverns (KRW 126 billion), Doosan Bears (KRW 123.2 billion), and Samsung Lions (KRW 112.7 billion). The Kia Tigers (1,364 person), SK Wyverns (1,286 person), and Samsung Lions (1,233 person) had significant employment effects.BR Conclusion: In summary, the findings of this study confirm that the Korean professional baseball industry has a positive impact on the local economy.

중학교 학생선수의 학습권 보장에 대한 인식과 인식 형성에 미치는 영향에 관한 탐색적 연구

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceptions of student-athletes regarding the guarantee of their right to study, and to identify the factors that have influenced their perception formation. Through this, we intend to find the fundamental data necessaryto construct an institutional policy to reinforce and/or improve the student-athletes’ consideration of the right to study.BR Method: In this study, using purposeful sampling, six male student-athletes with different characteristics were selected from the student players who belong to the baseball club of a middle school located in the Chungcheong province. For data collection, various qualitative data were collected and analyzed through in-depth interviews, personal documents from open questionnaires, and focus group interviews. In order to analyze the collected data, inductive category analysis was performed through constant comparison, following the procedures of open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In order to ensure the accuracy of the collected data and to enhance the validity of the resulting research findings, triangulation was conducted using various data sources, including individual in-depth interviews, personal documents, and focus group interviews. Also, among the strategies to increase the validity suggested by Merriam (1998), various techniques, such as peer review and member check, were employed.BR Results: The results of this study were classified into three major categories: ‘the meaning of study for me,’ ‘my view on learning,’, and ‘factors affecting the formation of considerations of the right to study’. In the ‘meaning of studying for me’ classified into the first broad category, both positive and negative perceptions about guaranteeing the right to study appeared. In the second major category, ‘my view on learning’, the participation attitudes in the period approaching the competition and the off-season period were different. It is likely that it does not occur in normal classes. Third, ‘factors related to educational context’ and ‘factors related to the educational system’ appeared in ‘factors affecting the formation of consideration of the right to study’. In the factors related to the educational context, parents and instructors had a positive effect, while in the factors related to the educational system, the minimum academic achievement system and e-school system had a negative effect.BR Conclusion: There is a need for the interest of parents and instructors and more effective institutional improvement to help student athletes form awareness of the significance of right for learning.

‘일탈’ 공간으로서의 스포츠 팬 커뮤니티 : 하이브리드 리미널리티, 팬 커뮤니티 마커, 팀 및 팬 커뮤니티 관련 에반젤리즘 간의 구조적 관계를 중심으로

The purpose of this research was to explore the relationships among hybrid(online and offline) liminality, fan community markers and team-related and fan community-related evangelism. For this purpose, structural equation modeling was performed with samples from supporters of Korean professional baseball clubs(n=273). The results of this research are as follows. First, both online and offline liminalities had positive effects on fan community markers. However, the effect of offline liminality was much higher than that of online liminality. Second, fan community markers had positive effects on both team-related and fan community-related evangelism. However, their effects on teamrelated evangelism were somewhat higher than their effects on fan community-related evangelism. These findings provide insight regarding how sport teams build hybrid liminality that fosters fan community markers, which, in turn, facilitate both team-related and fan community-related evangelism.

Strategic Operations in Baseball: “Maximizing the Window”

This is a fictional case based on the acquisition and use of talent within Major League Baseball club the New York Mets using “sabermetrics.” The case introduces students to three disparate approaches to acquiring and utilizing talent with the strategic aim to maximize the Mets’ “championship window.” The case primarily uses examples from the Los Angeles Dodgers, the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim, and the Tampa Bay Rays to compare successful and unsuccessful strategies. With the data and strategies presented, this case presents a scenario for Jalen Burkes, the fictitious assistant to the General Manager for the Mets during the Major League Baseball offseason. This case develops within the theoretical framework of workforce differentiation theory and is suitable for student learning about strategic decision making and human resource management. Specifically, students are challenged to consider whether to keep free agents on the roster based on how talent is acquired and used to put the Mets in the best possible position to compete for a championship in the next season.

The Great American Baseball Novel: How Literature Invented the National Pastime

Abstract From 1846, when the Knickerbocker Base Ball Club lost their first game under a consolidated set of rules, transforming the “New York game” into “base ball,” and Walt Whitman, then a roving editor with the Brooklyn Eagle, observed neighborhood kids engaged in “a certain game of ball,” to the rise of television and football, literature elevated baseball from another bat-and-ball game to a national institution, a distorted mirror through which the nation identified itself. MLB commissioners and novelists have described baseball as a form of writing and as the literature of their childhoods because the game first achieved national status through writing and literature. From Whitman to Bernard Malamud, American authors turned to baseball to determine the health of the nation, encouraging their readers to invest in the health of the game. First came the great American baseball novel, then the national pastime.Baseball nationalism needed the hard sell of sportswriters and the soft touch of literature.

When Toronto Was A Two-Team City: 1914 and the Effects of the Federal League

In 1914, Toronto was one of the largest cities in North America. Already home to the Toronto MapleLeafs baseball club of the International League operated by James McCa!ery, Toronto became a target for theplacement of a major league team by the newly formed Federal League. #is article examines the attempts ofthe Federal League to establish a franchise in Toronto, as well as McCa!ery’s making Toronto a two-team townby relocating a Canadian League team to Toronto to serve as a farm club for his Maple Leafs.

프로야구단의 스포츠 윤리경영에 대한 개선방향 탐색

Purpose: In this study, the major problems and improvement directions of professional baseball team’s sports ethics management are examined through an expert Delphi analysis.BR Method: A Delphi survey was conducted three times, with 12 experts. The average and content validity ratio (CVR) were calculated to verify the relevance and validity of the items.BR Results: The results of this study are as follows. 1) Two key items were identified as ‘establishment and application of reasonable ethical standards’ and ‘establishment and settlement of systematic education system’ as a way to improve the ethical management system of professional baseball teams. 2) Two key items were identified as a way to improve the social contribution activities of professional baseball teams: ‘finding a plan for continuous social contribution activities’ and ‘sharing information about social contribution activities for the local community’. 3) The key items of ‘improving the welfare system’ were identified as a way to improve support for members of professional baseball teams. 4) As a way to improve the fan support of professional baseball clubs, five key items were identified: ‘fan support activity request survey’, ‘continuous and diverse fan support activities preparation’, ‘organizing event for interaction with fans organized by the club’, ‘fan satisfaction survey and evaluation’, and ‘raising the perception that fans come first’.BR Conclusion: This study will be able to provide practical implications for the ethical management planning and execution of domestic professional baseball teams.

사회인야구 동호인의 참여동기와 응집력이 운동지속의도에 미치는 효과 분석

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between motivation for participation, cohesion of social baseball club members and the intention to continue exercise. By increasing the continuous participation of social baseball club, we aimed to lead to providing basic data for the development and expansion of the foundations of the social baseball league.BR The questionnaires were distributed to baseball club participants (n=117) in the social baseball league at the K-Province. SPSS WIN ver 25.0 program was used to analyze data. Exploratory Factor Analysis was conducted to analyze the reliability and validity of the measurement tool. correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to analyze the effect of participant motivation and cohesion on exercise persistence intention. As a result, The participant motivation and cohesion of social baseball club members had meaningful relation with the intention to continue exercise.BR In conclusion, this results indicate the importance increasing the participant motivation and cohesion of social baseball club members to induce continuous participation of social baseball club members. Additionally, enjoyment is an important factor in social baseball club. Efforts are needed to find specific ways to increase the fun or enjoyment of the sport.

야구장 응원가 저작권 침해 사건으로 살펴본 이용자의 권리-서울고등법원 2021. 10. 21. 선고 2019나2016985 판결을 중심으로-

Since 2017, sports fans have suddenly been unable to sing the so-c alled ‘cheering songs’ sung by baseball game visitors, or sports fans, at baseball stadiums. Baseball stadium cheering songs are usually mad e by changing existing music into cheering lyrics and music. Existing music can be divided into the music that with the expired copyright pr otection period that has entered the realm of Public Domain, and the music is still covered by the copyright protection period. The authors of existing music claimed that the transformation of their music into c heering songs violated their copyright. About 20 song/lyric writers file d a lawsuit against the Samsung Lions for damages, claiming that the professional baseball club modified the song without consent and used it as cheering songs. The problem in the case at issue was whether t he transformation violated the copyright of the existing music copyrig ht holder, the copyright of the copyright holder, the right to write sec ondary works, the copyright to maintain identity, and the right to displ ay names. The court of first instance held against the song/lyric writers. The baseball clubs paid for the use of their work and used the song as ch eering songs for a considerable period of time, and the partial of chan ge the songs for use as cheering songs was not deemed to violate th e rights claimed by the plaintiffs. The appeals court reversed and held partially in favor of the plaintiffs. However, the actual benefit for the plaintiffs was not significant as only the infringement of the right to in dicate the name was recognized on appeal, and the amount of compen sation less than 10% of the claim was recognized. The sports and music sector, which was addressed in the court deci sions, takes up a large proportion of the cultural industry, and it is ne cessary to consider various intellectual property users. The court's co nclusion appears to have taken into consideration the cheering culture of visitors to the baseball stadium. It seems to be a ruling that consid ers the rights of those who use works for the purpose of the Copyrig ht Act and contributes to the improvement and development of the sp orts industry. In the end, it is a meaningful judgment that reconsiders the purpose of the copyright law of “exercise of copyright in accordan ce with the purpose of using a work and fair use of a work” and confi rms the importance of signing a clear contract to prevent disputes.

여성 사회인야구 동호인의 참여인식과 여가문화 탐구

초록·키워드 목차 오류제보하기 The purpose of the study is to deeply understand the leisure culture of club members participating in women"s society baseball. The subjects of the study were female baseball club members active in the metropolitan area, Chungnam area, and Cheonan-si area. Data collection methods such as in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and field notes, which are traditional research methods of qualitative research methods, were used. The total period of collection of research data is 8 months, from September 2019 to June 2021. Participants in the study perceived participation and perception of baseball as women as follows. Research participants were found to have two main characteristics in enjoying leisure culture through women"s social baseball club activities. First, it was found that the study participants perceived baseball as a way of self-expression, and shared information through promotional activities through social media. In general, the image of female baseball players is used on social media, which has been established as a means of self-promotion, self-satisfaction, and records, and is actively promoting it. Second, it was found that the study participants play a pioneering role in the spread of female social baseball. Participants in the study thought that playing a pioneering role in promoting baseball and expanding the base of female society was as important as participating in the game, which was classified as a feature that cannot be found in existing clubs. In conclusion, it was found that members of the women"s social baseball club are playing an important role in promoting women"s social baseball itself while creating an active and serious leisure culture. #Women Sport #Participation Awareness #Interruptive Factors #Baseball #Female AbstractⅠ. 서론Ⅱ. 연구방법Ⅲ. 결과 및 논의Ⅳ. 결론 및 제언참고문헌

Characteristics of experiences in athletic club and life skills among college baseball club members

Characteristics of experiences in athletic club and life skills among college baseball club members

How Sports Sponsorship Influences a Sponsor’s Financial Performance: A Case Study from the Korea Baseball Organization

Abstract: This study aims to examine the effects of sponsorship on the sponsor’s financial performance. This study investigates return on sponsorship (ROS) with a quantitative analysis. Nexen Tire’s title sponsorship agreement with the Heroes baseball club in the Korea Baseball Organization (KBO) in 2010 is studied. The positive effect of sponsorship on the sponsor’s Tobin’s q is confirmed by comparing the non-sponsorship period (2000–2009) with the sponsorship period (2010–2018). It is also shown from an event study that the sponsor experiences negative abnormal stock returns on the news of the sponsorship agreement, though this was not found to be statistically significant. Still, when the sponsee enters the postseason, positive cumulative abnormal returns are observed, particularly significant 10 days before the postseason games. This study confirms the positive influence of sponsorship on the sponsor’s financial performance and, with evidence from South Korea, provides insight into Asian markets in need of research. The results suggest that 10 days before a postseason game would be an ideal time to leverage marketing and activate a sponsorship strategy.