Base Map Research Articles

Paleoenvironment implications of layered ejecta craters in the Chryse Planitia, Mars

The formation of martian layered ejecta craters (LECs), which have one or multiple distinctive fluidized layered ejecta deposits, is generally hypothesized to be directly related to subsurface volatiles. Using a high-resolution (5 m/pixel) context camera (CTX) mosaic as a base map, 525 LECs (including 157 newly identified) were catalogued in the Chryse Planitia and divided into three types according to the number of layered ejecta, i.e., single layer ejecta (SLE), double layer ejecta (DLE), and multiple layer ejecta (MLE). It is found that the minimum crater diameter (here called the onset diameter) decreases with increasing latitude, and could be as small as 1 km. The average ejecta mobility (EM) values usually increase from the low to the high latitude interval for each LEC type and gradually increase with the number of layered ejecta within each latitude interval. The lobateness values of the SLE craters have a decreasing trend with increasing latitude, however, such a trend is not obvious for the DLE and MLE craters. The absolute model ages (AMAs) of 135 LECs were determined from the crater size-frequency distribution (CSFD) method to constrain the timing of the fluvial activities of the circum-Chryse outflow channels and to investigate the local temporal-spatial evolution of the subsurface volatile-rich layer. The superposition relationship between the LECs and circum-Chryse channels suggests fluvial activity might have extended into the early Amazonian. Floods that carved the Ares, Tiu, and Simud Valles likely ended before ∼μ2.7 Ga, while those relating to theVedra, Manmee, and Maja Valles ceased between ∼μ2.2 Ga and ∼ μ1.9 Ga. The fluvial resurfacing activities in the Kasei Valles likely did not last past ∼μ2.8 Ga. The dating results and excavation depths of LECs (diam. < 6 km) suggest that the minimal roof depth of the volatile-rich layer has remained relatively stable at least around 560– 590 m since the early Amazonian, and regional differences indicate that it could be as shallow as ∼440 m at high latitudes and ∼540 m at low latitudes.

A study on the application of road traffic noise map in Japan through the case of Osaka

In this study, application of noise map for the prediction and examination of road traffic noise is discussed for two urban areas in Osaka Prefecture, i.e. Tennoji Ward (Osaka City) and Higashiosaka City. Noise mapping is performed based on the 2015 road traffic census data of Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism (MLIT) by employing ASJ RTN-Model 2018, which is a model developed by the Acoustical Society of Japan (ASJ) for predicting the road traffic noise (RTN). For calculating the noise attenuation due to buildings, building façades are extracted from the national base map of MLIT. To examine the effect of measures related to noise mitigation, noise maps are produced for several hypothetical cases, such as reduction of vehicle noise, adoption of porous asphalt pavement, and utilization of the speed limit for vehicle speed data.

Analysis of Several Soil Physical Properties in the Third Generation of Oil Palm Plants at PT. Sinar Pandawa Labuhanbatu

The physical properties of the soil that need to be considered are the problems of degradation and soil structure due to management functions. In addition, on cultivated land that is not eroded, organic material is lost quickly.This research was carried out through 2 stages of activities, namely field activities and analysis activities. Stages of field activities were carried out at the Kebun Sinar Pandawa Palm Oil Plantation PT. Sinar Pandawa, Labuhanabtu, North Sumatra Province with a height of 28 meters. The method used in this research is a free grid measurement method at a semi-detailed survey level (observation frequency of 1 sample per 500 meters). Carrying out soil sampling at up to 5 sampling points with a distance of 100 meters in the field using a random method, spread over a predetermined area based on the base map. Land Use Research Results withSoil texture at PT. Sinar Pandawa, Labuhanbatu Regency, Sandy Clay, The Bulk Density value shows low, soil porosity is still high, the soil color looks relatively dark, and the soil water content is still relatively normal.

Correlation Analysis of Biological and Chemical Properties of SoilIn the Third Generation of Oil Palm Plants at PT. Sinar Pandawa Labuhanbatu

The mainstay commodity that can be expected to increase the income and dignity of plantation farmers and Indonesian transmigrants is Palm Oil (Elaeis Guinensis Jacq). Oil palm Soil microbes have an important role in the soil ecosystem which is responsible for the nutrient cycle to maintain soil fertility and structure, especially the biological properties of the soil. This research was carried out through 2 stages of activities, namely field activities and analysis activities. Stages of field activities were carried out at the Kebun Sinar Pandawa Palm Oil Plantation PT. Sinar Pandawa, Labuhanabtu, North Sumatra Province with a height of 28 meters. The method used in this research is a free grid measurement method at a semi-detailed survey level (observation frequency of 1 sample per 500 meters). Carrying out soil sampling at up to 5 sampling points with a distance of 100 meters in the field using a random method, spread over a predetermined area based on the base map. Research Results Land use with different vegetation produces different biological and chemical soil properties. Soil organic C was positively correlated with total microbial population, total fungal population, and respiration. The highest correlation between biological and chemical soil properties was obtained from the total microbial population with a total P of 0.714. The highest correlation was obtained from the correlation between organic C and total N levels, namely 0.947.

A geological and geotechnical information system (GEO-GIS) for urban planning and its application to the Acıpayam Basin (Denizli, Turkey) with some observations from a M w 5.5 earthquake on 20 March 2019

There are many site investigation projects used for the urban planning of a city. They are archived in hard copy or scanned in image files stored on computers. In this study, geological, geotechnical and geophysical data obtained from different site investigation projects in the Acıpayam district were evaluated in the same coordinate system using a geological and geotechnical information system (GEO-GIS) computer program. The Acıpayam GEO-GIS database includes field tests in 82 boreholes, 85 observation pits, laboratory test results of soil samples, 99 seismic refraction measurements and 70 microtremor measurements. Required information from the database can be displayed at its spatial coordinates on a base map and new maps can also be drawn using the GEO-GIS database system. Resultant maps drawn using the Acıpayam GEO-GIS database show that in the northern and eastern parts of the Acıpayam district, where the Oğuz, Kırca, Yassıhöyük, Apa, Ovayurt, Karahüyük, Ucarı and Gedikli villages are located, weak soil layers exist. This means that some damage may be caused to adobe and masonry buildings in the villages during shaking associated with strong earthquakes, as observed after the 5.5 (M w ) earthquake that occurred on 20 March 2019. The Acıpayam GEO-GIS database system is a useful tool for engineers and planners that can assist in drawing GIS-produced maps for geotechnical evaluations of the basin. These maps can be used in decision-making projects for urban planning. Thematic collection: This article is part of the Leading to Innovative Engineering Geology Practices collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/topic/collections/leading-to-innovative-engineering-geology-practices

Application of 3D visual perception-driven design of velvet flowers in traditional dresses

Abstract This paper firstly analyzes the specific application of velvet flowers on women’s dresses from the perspective of fashion aesthetics and with the understanding of the background and development trend of dresses. Secondly, based on 3D visual perception, we propose the optimization of the normalization method and loss function optimization, which can improve the migration speed and generation quality of velvet flower design, and then seamlessly fit it to the dress base map by Poisson fusion to realize the intelligent design of velvet flower in dresses driven by 3D visual perception. Then, the color features and attributes of the floral in the dress are studied, and the HSV color space model is used to extract the high-frequency colors and attributes of the dress. Then, the floral design is digitized, and the dress design is driven by 3D visual perception is studied and analyzed. The results show that the loss value of the dress design style migration network trained based on AdaN is the smallest, and the loss value is reduced by 0.19 compared to the dress design style migration network using IN and 0.31 compared to BN. The velvet flower design on the dress design base map can be implemented based on the foundation provided by this study.

A general Bayesian framework to account for foreground map errors in global 21-cm experiments

ABSTRACT Measurement of the global 21-cm signal during Cosmic Dawn and the Epoch of Reionization is made difficult by bright foreground emission which is 2–5 orders of magnitude larger than the expected signal. Fitting for a physics-motivated parametric forward model of the data within a Bayesian framework provides a robust means to separate the signal from the foregrounds, given sufficient information about the instrument and sky. It has previously been demonstrated that, within such a modelling framework, a foreground model of sufficient fidelity can be generated by dividing the sky into N regions and scaling a base map assuming a distinct uniform spectral index in each region. Using the Radio Experiment for the Analysis of Cosmic Hydrogen as our fiducial instrument, we show that, if unaccounted-for, amplitude errors in low-frequency radio maps used for our base map model will prevent recovery of the 21-cm signal within this framework, and that the level of bias in the recovered 21-cm signal is proportional to the amplitude and the correlation length of the base-map errors in the region. We introduce an updated foreground model that is capable of accounting for these measurement errors by fitting for a monopole offset and a set of spatially dependent scale factors describing the ratio of the true and model sky temperatures, with the size of the set determined by Bayesian evidence-based model comparison. We show that our model is flexible enough to account for multiple foreground error scenarios allowing the 21-cm sky-averaged signal to be detected without bias from simulated observations with a smooth conical log spiral antenna.

ReSLAM: Reusable SLAM with heterogeneous cameras

State-of-the-art SLAM methods are designed to work only with the type of camera employed to create the map, and little attention has been paid to the reusability of the maps created. In other words, the maps generated by current methods can only be reused with the same camera employed to create them. This paper presents a novel SLAM approach that allows maps generated with one camera to be used by other cameras with different resolutions and optics. Our system allows, for instance, creating highly detailed maps processed off-line with high-end computers, to be reused later by low-powered devices (e.g. a drone or robot) using a different camera. The first map, called base map, can be reused with other cameras and dynamically adapted by creating an augmented map. The principal idea of our method is a bottom-up pyramidal representation of the images that allows us to match keypoints between different camera types seamlessly. The experiments conducted validate our proposal, showing that it outperforms the state-of-the-art approaches, namely ORBSLAM, OpenVSLAM and UcoSLAM.

Calculation of Nielsen periodic numbers of fibre preserving maps

In 2000 Heath and Keppelmann proved the naïve type addition formulae expressing the Nielsen periodic numbers NPn(f) and NFn(f) of the fibre preserving map (f,f¯) with the base map f¯n weakly Jiang, as simple sums of the Nielsen periodic numbers on the fibres. In this paper we extend these formulae to the general case. Our formulae are particularly useful for fibre preserving maps f with the base map f¯n non-weakly Jiang. We illustrate these formulae with examples of fibre preserving maps on a circle bundle over the Klein bottle.

The Sapienza University of Rome network of automated external defibrillators: a prototype webMap developed to speed access to community defibrillators and increase survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

In Italy, only around 10% of people who experience out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) survive. A large portion of OHCA events in public settings are characterized by an initial shockable rhythm, which requires prompt defibrillation. We aimed to create a system to quickly locate nearby public access automated external defibrillators (AEDs) on the campus of Sapienza University of Rome, the largest public university in Europe. We developed the AED webMap through a 6-step process involving the: 1) collection of information and geographical coordinates for each AED from the university management system; 2) development of a new geolocation database; 3) integration of information contained in the new database with data provided by university departments; 4) geolocation of AEDs in the Google MyMaps environment; 5) graphic representation of all AEDs on digital map templates using specific symbols, with pop-ups containing additional information for each AED; and 6) publication of the webMap on the university website. The AED webMap was published on the university website (https://www.uniroma1.it/it/pagina/defibrillatori-sapienza-in-rete) and facilitates prompt identification of nearby AEDs by providing: 1) detailed AED geolocalization with interactive pop-up information for each AED, including whether the AED is located internally or externally; 2) the option to use different base maps (e.g., digital street map); 3) calculation and display of the route to reach the chosen AED; and 4) the possibility to migrate towards multiple platforms. The webMap can help bystanders quickly identify, locate, and reach nearby AEDs present on the campus of the largest public university in Europe, a measure that could help speed defibrillation and maximize the life-saving potential of AEDs in the event of OHCA.

A Social Recommendation Model Based on Basic Spatial Mapping and Bilateral Generative Adversarial Networks.

Social recommender systems are expected to improve recommendation quality by incorporating social information when there is little user-item interaction data. Therefore, how to effectively fuse interaction information and social information becomes a hot research topic in social recommendation, and how to mine and exploit the heterogeneous information in the interaction and social space becomes the key to improving recommendation performance. In this paper, we propose a social recommendation model based on basic spatial mapping and bilateral generative adversarial networks (MBSGAN). First, we propose to map the base space to the interaction and social space, respectively, in order to overcome the issue of heterogeneous information fusion in two spaces. Then, we construct bilateral generative adversarial networks in both interaction space and social space. Specifically, two generators are used to select candidate samples that are most similar to user feature vectors, and two discriminators are adopted to distinguish candidate samples from high-quality positive and negative examples obtained from popularity sampling, so as to learn complex information in the two spaces. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed MBSGAN model is verified by comparing it with both eight social recommendation models and six models based on generative adversarial networks on four public datasets, Douban, FilmTrust, Ciao, and Epinions.

Performance of Wanggu Watershed Management Based on Land Indicators

Based on the study, it was found that the land in the Wanggu Watershed is highly dynamic due to community activities such as agriculture, plantations, forestry, and settlement development. This can affect the performance and carrying capacity of the land in the watershed. The purpose of study was to evaluate the performance of watershed management and analyze the land-carrying capacity based on indicators of land. The parameters analyzed were the percentage of critical land area, the percentage of vegetation cover, and the erosion index. To obtain the data needed for the study, both primary and secondary data were used. Primary data was obtained through the overlay of the base map to obtain a map of critical land, making land cover maps, and calculating erosion prediction and carrying capacity analysis of the Wanggu Watershed. Secondary data was obtained from related agencies in the form of critical land data, land cover data, literature, policy documents, and study reports that are relevant to watershed management performance. The results of the study showed that the percentage of critical and somewhat critical land area in the Wanggu Watershed is 16.07 percent, which means that this value still qualifies as high category critical land recovery. The percentage of vegetation cover, especially forest cover, is 27.10 percent, which is still in bad condition. The average erosion index value is 2.00, which is high. Based on these three parameters of land condition indicators in the Wanggu Watershed, the performance of watershed management has a poor land carrying capacity category with a value of 50. Overall, the study highlights the need for better management and conservation of the land in the Wanggu Watershed to improve its performance and carrying capacity.

SPATIAL MAPPING OF TRAVEL INFORMATION AND ASSESSMENT OF ROAD CONNECTIVITY

Abstract. Roads play a crucial role in the urban spatial structure. A place's development and growth depend on the road network connectivity and accessibility being the socio-economic and transportation carrier. It involves the mobility of people and goods from one place to another. The choice of mode of travel depends on the living standards, connectivity, and vicinity to the work area. The study uses satellite data to analyze road network connectivity using the connectivity indices of Mangalore City Corporation, a port city in India. The connectivity indices alpha, beta, gamma, and eta showed the Area's good connectivity with proper roads and interconnectivity. Using Dijkstra's algorithm, the least cost path is identified on which the spatial mapping of the travel information is made. The travel information raster served the commuter in knowing the time, distance, and cost of modes from all possible origins to each city center. Specifically, it serves as the base map for bus routes, their cost, and travel time for significant city bus stations. The cost of travel, Duration, and distance information is mapped for two-wheeler and four-wheeler commuters. The study used the Modis Land Use Land Cover Data to identify inaccessible road network areas.

Sedimentation analysis using SWAT model (soil and water assessment tool) in Mamasa Sub-Watershed

Soil fertility and quality of agricultural land have decreased due to erosion and sedimentation in the sub-watershed upstream area. This decrease in soil fertility is due to the loss of NPK nutrients in the topsoil. Erosion and sedimentation in the upstream area of the Mamasa Sub-watershed are caused by land degradation and forest conversion due to land expansion and shifting cultivation for cocoa, corn, and coffee. This study aimed to determine the amount of sediment in the Mamasa Sub-watershed in the Mamasa Regency by using the SWAT model. This research was conducted in the Mamasa Sub-watershed from June to September 2022 through several stages in the form of literature study, primary and secondary data collection. Then proceed with laboratory analysis, making a base map for the data analysis process. SWAT requires input data in land cover, soil type maps, slope maps, and climate data. The SWAT simulation was carried out in the 2012 to 2021 timeframe. The sedimentation values obtained from the SWAT model were sediment values from 0.06 to 34.073.01 tons/ha (55.34%), sediment values from 34.073.01 to 95.323.59 tons/ha (23.27%), sediment value 95.323.59 to 225.951.47 (13.51%), sediment values 225.951.47 to 442.013.09 (6.23%), and sediment values from 442.013.09 to 1,415.454.83 (1.66%). Based on this research, it can be concluded that the highest average sediment is found in the downstream area, with an area of 38,875.66 ha.

ACCESSIBILITY AND CONNECTIVITY ANALYSIS IN THE GROWING RURAL AREA: A CASE STUDY OF REMBAU DISTRICT, NEGERI SEMBILAN

Rural areas are the ideal place to handle urban sprawl, whether for future administrative, college, manufacturing, residential, commercial, or for business growth. In the land development context, the shifting from rural into several areas such as agricultural into houses or subdividing real estate into commercial lots etc. were seen to be worth trying. However, this will succeed with the help of better road connectivity to the demanded area. This research is aimed to explore the road accessibility and connectivity and its function in supporting the growth of land development in Rembau, Negeri Sembilan. The research methodology produces maps of new potential growth development areas using GIS techniques. For data acquisition, there was a two-approach which is using the primary and secondary data. The primary data consist of the observation on the site, interview method with the experts and local people. Meanwhile, the secondary data is using the Landsat data from USGS to produce a land-use map for four consecutive years, base map and route connectivity data for GIS method, and statistical data from related agencies. The result of this research is to produce a new potential development map in Rembau, Negeri Sembilan. Remote sensing (RS) and Geographical Information System (GIS) allows the town planners to identify the potential rural spaces to cater the urban population.

Assessment of Urban Wastelands using GIS and IoT as Tools for Spatial Data Analysis

Large urban development around cities often results in vacant, abandoned or unproductive land parcels, sometimes called ‘wastelands’. There are various types of urban vacant land identified as post-industrial, derelict, land without any vegetation and left unattended, natural, and transportation-related vacant lands. The traditional way of collecting the data to study and manage such massive wastelands is hugely time consuming. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) and Remote sensing applications can extract periodic spatial changes and make it easier to collect and generate base maps, assess the number of wastelands in a given city, and remotely assess the extent of the area of wastelands/ vacant/ degraded lands. GIS also helps as a valuable tool to identify the neighboring land uses, lakes, green cover, and road networks, which could be considered as base work for any study to progress further with accurate information. Newer technologies like big data and cloud-assisted technology are employed in IoT applications for these wastelands to formulate an intelligent environment. Factors such as workforce, time, labor, transportation, money, and all other logistics can thus be strategized better with the combination of GIS and IoT applications; these are integral to wasteland monitoring and management practices for urban regions. This review paper aims to demonstrate how GIS, remote sensing, and IoT facilitate us to carry out monitoring, analyze, extrapolate, process, store, and integrate the spatial data for urban wastelands; and becomes a basis for planning and decision-making for on-site and management plans.

Development of a GIS based tourism infrastructure in Awka, Onitsha and Nnewi urban areas of Anambra state Nigeria

Tourism is now the greener pastures most developing countries have focused attention to due to its enormous benefits like infrastructural development, job creation, conservation of environment etc. In Nigeria, it is an important sector that has not fully developed, though; it is one of the country’s fastest growing industries. Recently, it is contributing about 3% of Nigeria GDP. Tourism is a strong revenue earner; lack of proper management of same has denied Nigeria the benefits accrued from the sector. This research is therefore aimed at the Development of a GIS-Based Tourism Infrastructure in Awka, Onitsha and Nnewi in Anambra State, with the specific objectives of; developing a comprehensive GIS database map showing tourism locations in these cities, to ascertain the pattern of distribution of the tourism infrastructure in Anambra State. This was achieved through the acquisition of base map of the study area and point picking of geometric data of tourism facilities using a handheld Global Positioning System instrument. A functional user friendly spatial database on tourism facilities was developed. ArcGIS 10.7 was used for Geospatial database creation, querying and displaying of results, while Microsoft word 2010 was used for data processing and preparation of reports. The results of database queries showed the locations of tourist locations like, hotel accommodations, relaxation and eating spots, banks and major landmarks all located within Anambra State. In conclusion this research presented the significant role that GIS can play in tourism development in Anambra State, if a complete database for tourism in the state is designed and developed.

Implementation of Web-Based Geographical Information System Mapping Recipients of Social Assistance in Giri Purno Village

Giri Purno Village is a village located in Rimbo Ilir District, Kab. Tebo. This village is one of the villages that receives social assistance from the government where the assistance will be passed on to people in need. The distribution of the location of the houses that receive assistance is still not available, so the coordinates of the houses receiving social assistance are needed. Therefore, we need a geographic information system in which the system contains information and the distribution of the location of houses that receive social assistance. This information system uses the Laravel framework, Laravel is a PHP framework for building a web-based system framework and uses the leafletjs library as a tool for displaying maps and Open Street Map as the base map used. The research method used is the waterfall method. The waterfall method is the earliest SDLC approach used for software development. This research resulted in a Geographic Information System that is capable of managing social assistance beneficiary data, RT data, social assistance beneficiary criteria and can visualize social assistance beneficiary location points on maps spread across Giri Purno Village. In addition, there are also details of recipients of social assistance as well as the route to the recipient's house.

Neural Network Modelling of Crop Phenology in Support of Agricultural Monitoring – A Base Map Approach

Neural Network Modelling of Crop Phenology in Support of Agricultural Monitoring – A Base Map Approach

The visual complexity of bike maps

Abstract. More and more cities try to encourage residents to cycle more. Therefore, governments are developing comprehensive bike maps to facilitate trip planning and increase the popularity of cycling. However, research on the topic of bike maps is rare and the versatility of possible features shown on a bike map makes these visually more complex than others. To understand how base maps and the display of cycling related features affect the visual complexity of bike maps and thus their effectiveness, we used different metrics (GMLMT, Subband Entropy, Edge Density, Feature Congestion, and Distinct Object-Type Counts) on four bike maps with four different visual complexity levels. We ran an eye-tracking experiment with 35 participants solving four different everyday tasks with these four bike maps. The findings suggest that adding more detail to base maps and displaying more cycling related features on a map resulted in a visually more complex bike map. Size, shape, and colour were found to have the biggest influence on the applied metrics. The analysis of eye-tracking data revealed that the display of cycling related features can affect the time needed for successfully completing a task. To deepen the gained understanding, further research should in more detail investigate how base maps influence bike maps efficiency.