BARI Sarisha-14 Research Articles

Growth and Yield Performance of Different Mustard Varieties Grown in Barind Tract Soils of Bangladesh

The present research was conducted to investigate the growth and yield performance of thirteen mustard varieties grown in Chapai Nawabganj district, Bangladesh. Thirteen mustard varieties, viz. “BINA Sarisha-4”, “BINA Sarisha-7”, “BINA Sarisha-9”, “BINA Sarisha-10”, “BARI Sarisha-14”, “BARI Sarisha-15”, “BARI Sarisha-16”, “BARI Sarisha-17”, “BARI Sarisha-18”, an “Indian tall” variety, “Indian short” variety, a Japanese variety “Sarisha” and a local variety were cultivated during “Rabi” (rainy) season 2021-2022. The preparation of land with recommended fertilizer doses, the experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design consisting of three replications. All the growth, yield, and yield attributes significantly differed among the mustard varieties. In growth attributes, the highest value in plant height (149.97 cm), number of leaves per plant (16.77), leaf length (12.33 cm), number of branches per plant (11.40), and tap root length (22.53 cm) for “Indian tall” variety, “Indian short” variety , “BARI Sarisha-18”, “BINA Sarisha-7”, and “Japanese Sarisha”, respectively. In terms of yield and yield attributes, number of siliqua per plant (102.00), siliqua length (6.37 cm), number of grains per siliqua (39.50), grain yield per plot (576.33), 1000-seeds weight (3.75 g), biological yield (5.06 ton.ha-1), and harvest index (35.23%) was highest in the “Indian tall” variety , “BARI Sarisha-14”, “BARI Sarisha-14”, “BINA Sarisha-9”, and “Indian short” variety , respectively. The maximum benefit cost ratio (BCR) was 2.21, observed in “BINA Sarisha-9”. Besides, BCR 1.71 and 1.66 were for “BARI Sarisha-14” and “Japanese Sarisha”, respectively. The findings of the study suggested that “BINA Sarisha-9”, “BARI Sarisha-14”, and “Japanese Sarisha” would be suitable for better productivity and recommended for cultivation in the medium highland of Chapai Nawabganj district of Bangladesh.

Growth and Yield Performance of Mustard and Rapeseed Varieties as Influenced by Different Sowing Techniques

An experiment was conducted at the Agronomy field, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, from November 2013 to February 2014 to investigate mustard and rapeseed varieties' growth and yield performances influenced by different sowing techniques. The experiment was laid out in a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. The four varieties were BARI Sarisha-11, BARI Sarisha-13, BARI Sarisha-15, SAU Sarisha 2 (V1, V2, V3, and V4 respectively) and sowing techniques included broadcasting, line Sowing, raised bed, system of mustard intensification (SMI) (S1, S2, S3, and S4 respectively). Results showed that the highest plant height (143.58 cm) was achieved at the combination of BARI Sarisha-11 and the raised bed technique (V1S3) at harvest. Though the highest leaf number varied in different varieties, it was produced by the SMI technique. BARI Sarisha-15 and the SMI techniques produced the highest number of primary branches, though BARI Sarisha-11 produced the maximum secondary branches with the same technique. BARI Sarisha-11 performed best at all the DAS regarding dry matter accumulation (g) and the values resulting in 1.07, 11.44, 21.3, and 25.87g. SMI also proved to be the best, except for 30 DAS. The highest seed yield (3.74 t ha−1 and 3.80 t ha−1) was obtained using BARI Sarisha-11 and SMI techniques, respectively. The highest biological yields (12.80 t ha−1 and 12.86 t ha−1) were obtained by BARI Sarisha-11 and SMI technique, respectively. However, the maximum harvest index (34.84% and 32.45%) and highest oil percentages (40.65% and 41.38%) were obtained by BARI Sarisha-15 and line sowing, respectively. As such the var. BARI Sarisha-11 could be expected good yield following the SMI technique Bangladesh Agron. J. 2024, 26(2): 86-99

Integrated effect of bio-slurry with chemical fertilizers on the performance of mustard varieties

To assess the importance of bio-slurry in combination with chemical fertilizers on the yield of mustard, a field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory, Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh. Four varieties of mustard (BARI sarisha-14, BARI sarisha-11, BARI sarisha-13, Tori-7) along with four fertilizers treatments i.e. control, recommended dose of inorganic fertilizer, bio-slurry @ 5 t ha-1 + inorganic fertilizer, farmers’ practice (average of 15 farmers) was included in this study. The experiment was set up employing randomized complete block design with three replications. The result revealed significant varietal effects on all the yield and yield contributing characteristics. BARI sarisha-13 exhibited the highest seed yield (2.37 t ha-1), which can be attributed to increased branches plant-1, siliqua plant-1 and seeds siliqua-1. Fertilizer treatments significantly affected different yield parameters and yield. Among them, bio-slurry @ 5 t ha-1 + inorganic fertilizer produced the highest seed yield (1.83 t ha-1), while the control yielded the lowest (1.63 t ha-1). The integrated effect of varieties and fertilizers showed promising results. BARI sarisha-13 with bio-slurry @ 5 t ha-1 + inorganic fertilizer produced the highest seed yield (2.56 t ha-1). Therefore, it could be concluded that BARI sarisha-13 with bio-slurry @ 5 t ha-1 + inorganic fertilizer has the potential for maximizing mustard yield. Res. Agric. Livest. Fish. Vol. 11, No. 2, August 2024: 149-157

Enhancing Yield and Yield Components of BARI Sarisha-14 and BARI Sarishaa-15 through Boron Fertilization

Boron is an essential micronutrient for mustard that plays important roles in growth, development as well as yield of mustard. A field experiment was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Bangladesh during November through January to study the effect of boron fertilizer on the yield of mustard two varieties in T. aman rice- Mustard- Boro rice cropping pattern. The experiment consisted of two factors- Factor A: Two mustard cultivars viz., BARI Sarisha-14 and BARI Sarisha-15 and Factor B: Four levels of boron viz., 0 kg boron ha-1 (control), 0.5 kg boron ha-1 (50% of RD), 1.0 kg boron ha-1 (100% of RD) and 1.5 kg boron ha-1 (150% of RD). The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Results reveal that yield and yield contributing characters were not significantly influenced by studied two mustard varieties except plant height. Numerically the higher seed yield was recorded from the variety BARI Sarisha-14. In case of level of boron application, the highest seed yield was obtained with the application of 1.0 kg boron ha-1 (100% of RD) which was followed by application of 1.5 kg boron ha-1 (150% of RD) and the lowest seed yield of mustard was recorded in control treatment (no boron application). From the interaction, it is observed that BARI Sarisha-14 with 1.0 kg boron ha-1 (100% of RD) produced the highest seed yield which was statistically similar with BARI Sarisha-15 with 1.0 kg boron ha-1 (100% of RD). From the results of the study, it may be concluded that BARI Sarisha-14 or BARI Sarisha-15 with 1.0 kg boron ha-1 (100% of RD) could be cultivated for obtaining highest seed yield of mustard in T. aman rice-Mustard-Boro rice-based cropping pattern.

Development of transgenic Brassica napus plants with AtATM3 gene to enhance cadmium and lead tolerance

Four popular genotypes of Brassica napus, cv. BARI Sarisha-8, BARI Sarisha-13, Binasarisha-4, and Binasarisha-8 were subjected to cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) stress to identify a genotype with enhanced tolerance of Cd and Pb. The goal was to use the selected genotype for genetic engineering, thereby improving traits related to heavy metal tolerance and accumulation to remediate polluted agricultural soils. The genotype, BARI Sarisha-8 with superior tolerance to both Cd and Pb stresses, was chosen for genetic engineering with Arabidopsis thaliana ABC transporter of the mitochondrion 3 (AtATM3) gene. The transformation process involved coculturing the cotyledon explants with Agrobacterium strain GV3101 carrying a binary vector containing the hygromycin phosphotransferase (HPT) gene as a selectable marker and the AtATM3 gene. Transformation efficiency was significantly enhanced with a two-day co-cultivation period on shoot induction medium composed of MS medium, α-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.5 mg/L), and 6-benzyladenine (3 mg/L), supplemented with acetosyringone (20 mg/L), along with a four-day delay in exposing the explants to the selective agent hygromycin. Hygromycin-resistant shoots were obtained by employing a three-step selection process. The refined protocol resulted in a transformation efficiency of 15.38%. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis confirmed the integration of AtATM3 and HPT genes into the host genome in all recombinant plants. Transgenic B. napus plants expressing the AtATM3 gene exhibited notable improvements in tolerance, demonstrating a 1.4- to 1.7fold increase in Cd tolerance and a 1.3- to 1.5-fold increase in Pb tolerance compared to the wild type (nontransformed) under both Cd and Pb stress conditions.

Effect of Boron and Zinc Fertilization on Yield of Mustard (cv. BARI sarisha-14)

Bangladesh has to import a significant quantity of mustard seeds to meet its growing demand due to the seeds' high oil content and the oilcake, which is rich in protein and used as animal feed. The impact of zinc and boron on mustard (cv. BARI sarisha-14) output was investigated in a field experiment that was carried out at Bangladesh Agricultural University (BAU), Mymensingh, from October 2017 to March 2018. There are five levels of zinc (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 kilograms per hectare) and boron (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 kilogram per hectare) in this experiment. Three replications of the experiment, each with a plot size of three meters by two meters, were set up using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD Height of the plant, number of branches per plant, total number of pods per plant, number of effective pods per plant, number of ineffective pods per plant, length of pod (cm), number of seeds per pod, weight of 1000 grains, seed yield, Stover yield, biological yield, harvest index and controlled treatment performed the lowest for these attributes were found when 2.5 kilogram per hectare of zinc were given. The treatment of 1.5 kilogram per hectare boron produced the highest plant height, number of branches per plant, total number of pods, number of effective pods per plant, number of non-effective pods per plant, length of pod (cm), number of seeds per pod, weight of 1000 grains, seed yield, stover yield, biological yield, and harvest index, while the controlled treatment produced the lowest performance. It is noticeable from the growth, yield, post-harvest procedures, and analytical results that the Zn 2.5 kilogram per hectare and B 1 kilogram per hectare combinations were appropriate for mustard farming

Foliar Spray of Urea: A Sustainable Way to Minimize the Rate of Fertilizer Application for Mustard Production in Drought Prone Area of Bangladesh

From the beginning of November 2021 to February 2022, an agricultural investigation was conducted at the Agronomy Field Laboratory of Rajshahi University, Bangladesh. Three sets of replications including a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) were used by this design. In this study mustard variety BARI Sarisha-11 was used with five fertilizer levels viz. T₁ = control (no fertilizer), T2 =60 % of recommended dose (RD) urea [50% of RD as soil application (SA) + 10% RD as foliar application (FA)], T3=85% of recommended dose (RD) urea [70% of RD as soil application (SA) + 15% of RD as foliar application (FA)], T4= 100% of recommended dose of urea (Traditional practice), T5= 100% of recommended dose of urea +3% magic growth as foliar application. In case of T2 and T3 (except T1 & T4) magic growth was sprayed with urea i.e. liquid fertilizers, in case of T5, only magic growth given by three times (25 DAS, 35 DAS and 45 DAS). The yield indicators under investigation were all significantly impacted by liquid fertilizer. The use of T3 treatment yielded the best figure (2.45 t ha-1 ) across yield as well as yield attributes. The following second positional values was displayed in the circumstances where T4 (2.24 t ha-1 ) or customary methods were used. The lowest values for all of traits were observed from T1 (1.45 t ha- ¹) treatment. So, it is concluded that, through the foliar application of liquid fertilizer (urea with magic growth), 15% urea can be saved compared to traditional practice.

Variability and heritability study in some selected Brassica rapa L. genotypes

A field experiment was conducted in the research field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University (SAU), Dhaka, Bangladesh to study variability and heritability in Brassica rapa L. for developing short durable, high yielding varieties. The experiment had laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replications and consisted of seven genotypes viz., G1 (BARI Sarisha-14), G2 (Brown Special), G3 (Yellow Special), G4 (Tori-7), G5 (BARI Sarisha-17), G6 (BARI Sarisha-15) and G7 (BARI Sarisha-6). The result revealed that G7 had the highest yield plant-1 (6.91 g) and longest duration (108.00 days) while G4 had the lowest yield plant-1 (4.12 g) and G2 had the shortest duration (79.33 days). High genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation for number of secondary branches plant-1 (95.35% and 99.39%), number of siliqua plant-1 (29.52% and 30.23%), plant height (25.19% and 25.38%) and number of seeds siliqua-1 (26.76% and 27.12%) had estimated. High heritability with high genetic advance and gain had observed for days to 80% maturity (99.92%, 20.99% and 23.36 %), plant height (98.55%, 53.99% and 51.53%) and number of siliqua plant-1 (95.33%, 101.25% and 59.37%). While high heritability with low genetic advance and high genetic gain were observed for number of primary branches plant-1 (92.02%, 0.70% and 188.43%), number of secondary branches plant-1 (92.02%, 7.47% and 188.43%), length of siliqua (98.23%, 1.104% and 29.96), 1000 seed weight (84.61%, 1.23% and 32.01%) and yield plant-1 (97.41%, 2.01% and 38.47%). Days to 80% maturity, plant height and number of siliqua plant-1 showed high heritability with high genetic advance and genetic gain indicated additive gene action and selection could be useful for these traits. While high heritability with low genetic advance had observed for number of primary and secondary branches plant-1, length of siliqua, 1000 seed weight and yield plant-1 indicated non additive gene action and selection might be ineffective for these traits. Bangladesh J. Agri. 2023, 48(2): 106-118

Determination of optimum row spacing for better seed yield and yield contributing characters of advanced mustard (Brassica napus L.) mutants in Bangladesh

A field experiment was conducted at BINA substations, Rangpur and Magura in 2018-19 to evaluate the different row spacing on the yield and yield contributing characteristics of advance mustard lines RM-03, RM-07, RM-10 along with one check variety BARI sarisha-15 during Rabi season. BARI sarisha-15 was irradiated with 700 Gy Cobalt 60 (60Co) Gamma source and advanced mutant lines M6 generation of mustard mutant (RM-03, RM-07, RM-10) were evaluated along with the check variety BARI sarisha-15 using four different row spacings viz. 20cm, 25cm, 30cm and 35cm. The experiment was laid out in split-split plot design with three replications. Among the advance lines, RM-03 produced the highest seed yield (1.60 t ha-1) followed by RM-10 (1.50 t ha-1). Among different line spacing, 20cm showed highest seed yield (1.66 t ha-1). The interaction of mutant/variety and location revealed that the yield of RM-10 was the highest (1.54 t ha-1) at Rangpur. The interaction effect of line spacing and location showed that 25cm line spacing produced the maximum seed yield (1.68 t ha-1) in Magura followed by 20 cm (1.64 t ha-1) in Rangpur. The interaction effect of mutant and line spacing showed that mutant line RM-03 at 20 cm produced maximum seed yield (1.68 t ha-1) in Rangpur. The interaction effect of mutant/variety, line spacing and location showed that RM-10 produced the highest seed yield (1.73 t ha-1) at 20cm line spacing in Rangpur followed by RM-07 (1.66 t ha-1) at same spacing. Bangladesh J. Nuclear Agric, 37(1): 41-50, 2023

Comparative Study on the Oil Content and Fatty Acids Profile among Some Brassica rapa L. Genotypes

The study was carried out at Biochemistry, Agricultural Chemistry and Environmental Science laboratory of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh from March, 2020 to September, 2021 to estimate oil content and fatty acids composition of some Brassica rapa L. genotypes. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with three replications and consisted of four genotypes viz., BARI Sarisha-14, Brown Special, Yellow Special, Tori-7 and their F1s. Result revealed that the oil content ranged from 34.25-45.05% among the studied genotypes. The parent, Yellow Special contained the highest amount of oil (45.05%) and Brown Special contained the lowest amount (39.48%), while among the F1s, (Brown Special×Yellow Special) contained the highest amount (39.04%) and (BARI Sar-14×Brown Special) contained the lowest amount (34.25%). The major saturated and unsaturated fatty acids content ranged from 3.92-5.42% and 92.39-93.50% respectively. The parent, Brown Special and the F1- (BARI Sar-14×Brown Special) contained the highest amount of unsaturated fatty acids (92.81%) and (93.50%) respectively, while the parent Yellow Special and the F1- (Brown Special×Tori-7) contained the lowest amount of saturated fatty acids (3.96%) and (3.92%) respectively. The highest poly unsaturated fatty acids containing parent was Tori-7 (16.98%) and F1 was Yellow Special×Tori-7 (19.27%). The erucic acid content ranged from 44.97- 54.56%. Among the parents, Tori-7 and among the F1s-Yellow Special×Tori-7 contained the lowest amount of erucic acid (44.97%) and (45.37%) respectively. Therefore, the parents and F1s with high level of poly unsaturated fatty acids and low level of erucic acid could be selected for further development of these trait.

Growth and development patterns in Mustard (Brassica spp.) as influenced by sowing time

Mustard is Bangladesh's leading oil crop, produced only during the winter (rabi) season. The sowing date is a key factor determining mustard's optimum growth and development. Because of global warming, gradual changes in season and weather parameters over time is creating a challenge in mustard cultivation. Thus, the present investigation assessed the role of different planting dates on several modern mustard varieties to disclose the optimum growth indicators necessary for elevated biological yield (BY) and harvest index (HI). Three planting times, viz. 31st October (D1), 10th November (D2), 20th November (D3) and six varieties viz. Binasarisha-4 (V1), Binasarisha-9 (V2), Binasarisha-10 (V3), BARI Sarisha-14 (V4), BARI Sarisha-16 (V5), BARI Sarisha-17 (V6) were put on a replicated factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) during rabi 2019 at BINA Sub-station farm, Magura. At the final harvest stage, outcomes depicted that highest and lowest total dry mass (g/plant) was produced by treatment D3× V5 (64.03) and D1× V1 (15.34), maximum and minimum absolute growth rate (mg/plant/day) by D1× V5 (2389.10) and D2× V1 (184.50), most and least relative growth rate (mg/g/day) in D1× V4 (53.34) and D2× V1 (3.55), maximum and least crop growth rate (g/m2/day) with D1× V3 (55.60) and D3× V4 (20.04). BY was the peak (8.13, 8.71, 8.77 t/ha) under all plantings (D1, D2, D3) with V5 variety, but HI (44.96%) was most in variety V4 with D2 sowing. Therefore, correlation studies showed a significant positive relationship between biological yield and harvest index. Overall, BARI Sarisha-16 performed well in all three sowing times, and remarkably, BY was rising with delayed planting in the case of Binasarisha-9, Binasarisha-10, and BARI Sarisha-14. This implies that delayed planting might not hamper yield but boost yield to some extent.

Effect of Boron And Zinc on the Growth and Yield of Mustard (BARI Sarisha-14)

The field experiment was conducted during rabi season, November 2021 to February 2022 in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural university, Dhaka to determine effects of boron and zinc on growth and yield of mustard (Brassica campestris) variety BARI Sarisha-14. The treatments of the experiment was consisted of three levels of boron i.e., 0 kg B/ha (B0), 1 kg B/ha (B1) and 1.5 kg B/ha (B2); three levels of zinc i.e., 0 kg Zn/ha (Zn0), 3 kg Zn/ha (Zn1), 5 kg Zn/ha (Zn2). Based on the information, it can be suggested that 1.5 kg B/ha with the combination of 5 kg Zn/ha increased the growth and yield of mustard and this may be the best combination for the growth and yield of mustard.

Optimum and late sowing of mustard varieties show similar seed yield

Appropriate planting time of mustard (Brassica sp.) during winter determines the growth yield and quality of a particular cultivar. Since the shift of winter period over the last few years driven by climate change, a transformation in mustard cultivation is also observed. Thus, to study the extent of these variations we studied 6 mustard varieties (V1- Binasarisha-4, V2- Binasarisha-9, V3- Binasarisha-10, V4- BARI Sarisha-14, V5- BARI Sarisha-16 and V6- BARI Sarisha-17) under 3 different planting dates (D1-31st October, D2-10th November and D3-20th November) in the Magura district of Bangladesh to evaluate yield differences over sowing times. Field experimentation was set followed RCB (Randomized complete block) design. Data on growth and yield parameters were collected at various days after sowing. Outcomes noted that, most number of siliqua/plant was obtained with treatment combination D3 × V5 (190.33), siliqua length with D3 × V2 (7.95 cm), number of seeds per siliqua by D3 × V6 (36.30), thousand grain weight by D1 × V1 (3.90 g). Hence, correlation study suggested that, seed yield was positively related to number of siliqua/plant, siliqua length and number of seeds/siliqua. Though, BARI Sarisha-16 (V5) delivered top seed and stover yield in all sowing dates. But interaction effects depicted that planting on 10th (2.00 t/ha) and 20th November (1.99, 1.94 t/ha) gave similar seed yield like 31st October planting (2.31 t/ha); in addition, stover yield (6.70, 6.83 t/ha) also remained at peak with the later plantings (D2, D3). An increase in the tendency of life duration was noticed when sown on 20th November for most treatment combination. Overall, delayed sowing of mustard didn’t affect the yield and related attributes rather it accelerated to some attributes. Hence, rescheduling of optimum sowing time for mustard is now a time demanding concern with regard to weather change.

Improvement of Mustard-Boro-T. Aman Rice Cropping Pattern Through Replacing Crop Varieties For Tangail Region

The experiment was conducted at the farmers field of FSRD site Atia, Delduar, Tangail during two consecutive years of 2018-19 and 2019-20 to develop improved cropping pattern Mustard (var. BARI Sarisha-14) - Boro (var. BRRI dhan29) - T.Aman rice (var. BRRI dhan72) and to compare its productivity and profitability against existing cropping pattern Mustard (var. Tori-7)- Boro (var. BRRI dhan29) - T.Aman rice (var. BR 11) through changing varieties of mustard and T.Aman rice with improved management practices. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design with six dispersed replications. The improved management practice produced significantly higher yield in Mustard and T. Aman rice, respectively. The result showed that mean rice equivalent yield of improved cropping pattern was 16.80 t ha-1 which was 24 % higher than existing cropping pattern (13.50 t ha-1). Besides, production efficiency, land use efficiency, harvest index and profitability of improved cropping pattern was higher than farmers’ existing pattern. The mean gross return (Tk. 279720 ha-1) and gross margin (Tk. 104073 ha-1) were higher in improved cropping pattern compared to existing farmer’s pattern with only 7.82% extra cost. The marginal benefit cost ratio (4.05) also indicated the superiority of the improved cropping pattern over the farmers’ existing pattern. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 46(4): 397-406, December 2021

INTEGRATED POTASH MANAGEMENT FOR MUSTARD

At the Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Jamalpur, Bangladesh, a two year field study was conducted to examine the impact of integrated potash management on improving mustard yield and potassium uptake. There were six different treatments including STB dosage and potassium enriched organic amendments (rice husk ash and rice straw compost) at various rates. BARI Sarisha-14 was utilized as the test crop and the experiment was set up using a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and six treatments including T1 (Control), T2 (STB fertilizer dose), T3 (STB + rice husk ash @ 1 t ha-1), T4 (STB + rice husk ash @ 2 t ha-1), T5 (STB + rice straw compost @ 3 t ha-1) and T6 (STB + rice straw compost @ 5 t ha-1). The results showed that, treatment receiving STB fertilizer dose with rice husk ash @ 2 t ha-1, had the highest average seed yield of mustard (1.43 t ha-1) whereas control treatment produced the lowest yield (0.53 t ha-1).The treatment (STB + rice husk ash @ 2 t ha-1) had the largest gross margin (Tk 112490 ha-1) and BCR, according to cost and return analysis. Additionally, integrated potash management techniques enhanced potassium uptake in comparison to control or sole STB fertilizer dose. The overall findings showed that the treatment package consisting of STB with rice husk ash @ 2 t ha-1 is superior to other packages.

Callus Induction and Regeneration Response of Mustard (Brassica spp.)

Mustard (Brassica spp.) is the third most important edible oil crop belonging to the family Brassicaceae (Cruciferae) and the genus Brassica. Due to the growing world population and increasing industrialization, the demand for edible oil and biofuels is increasing worldwide. Stress-tolerant mustard variety creation by transformation or genome editing procedures, as well as varietal in vitro regeneration responses, are critical challenges. The objective of the study was to design a tissue culture protocol for better use the explant by using hypocotyls and cotyledon explants to observe the in vitro response to callus induction and regeneration of three mustard types, namely BARI Sarisha-14, Binasarisha-4, and Binasarisha-9.Explants were cultured on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) supplemented with different concentrations and combinations of NAA(10 mg mL-1), BAP (10 mg mL-1 for callus induction and shoot initiation medium , 2.5 mg mL-1 for shoot outgrowth medium), AgNO3(50 mg mL-1), GA3(2 mg mL-1), and IBA (10 mg mL-1)for callus induction, shoot initiation, shoot outgrowth, and root initiation. Binasarisha-4 showed the best performance with hypocotyls76.67% callus induction, 70.03% shoot initiation, 92.23% shoot outgrowth, and 40% root initiation followed by BARI Sarisha-14 (71.67%, 58.23%, 73.33% and 23.33% respectively) and Binasarisha-9 (54.17%, 38.87%, 45.83% and 11.11% respectively). It is recommended that in vitro hypocotyls culture of Binasarisha-4 can be used for frequent and successful genetic transformation in Mustard.

5-Aminolevulinic Acid Ameliorates Salinity-Mediated Growth, Pysiological and Biochemical Changes In Mustard (Brassica Juncea L.)

5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is an important plant growth regulator which is derived from 5-carbon aliphatic amino acid. Here, ALA was examined in 12 dSm-1 salinity in growth and biochemical changes in mustard (Brassica juncea L. cv. BARI Sarisha-16) seedlings. Three NaCl mediated salinity levels (0, 8 and 12 dS m-1) were used with two ALA concentrations (30 and 60 mgL-1). Saline stress decreased plant height, root length, leaf area, dry mass accumulation, chlorophyll content, photosynthetic parameters, and K+, while proline (Pro), Na+, Na+/K+ ratio, antioxidant enzymatic activities, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), superoxide (O2 •-), and melondialdehyde (MDA) content increased. Saline stressed mustard seedlings treated with 30 mgL-1 and 60 mgL-1 foliar application of ALA ameliorated the saline mediated inhibition in seedling growth i.e. increased plant height, root length, leaf area, and dry matter. ALA had also increase chlorophyll (Chl) content, net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) and transpiration rate (Tr), proline content as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX). In contrary, ALA decreased saline induced H2O2, O2 •-, and MDA while Na+ and Na+/K+ ratio increased. On the basis of the results, it was observed that ALA is a promising plant growth regulator which can improve plant survival under salinity.
 Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 45(3): 217-231, September 2020

Improvement of Existing Cropping Pattern Through Short Duration Mustard Variety In The Chalanbeel Area

The experiment was conducted at Dobila, Tarash of Shirajgonj in chalanbeel during the Rabi seasons of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020 to improve the existing cropping pattern, increase cropping intensity, yields and economic return through incorporating of modern crop varieties and improved management practices. The treatments were i) Mustard (var. BARISarisha-14)-Boro-Fallow cropping pattern, ii) Mustard (var. BARI Sarisha-15)- Boro-Fallow cropping pattern, iii) Mustard (var. Tori-7)-Boro-Fallow cropping patternandiv) Fallow–Boro–Fallow (existing cropping pattern). Boro rice (var. BRRI dhan29) was used to improve cropping pattern. The results revealed that the mean crop duration of improved cropping pattern ranged 192-195 days by inclusion of mustard. Rice equivalent yield of improved cropping pattern was 9.51-10.04 t ha-1 year-1 which was 46% higher than that of existing pattern (5.37 t ha-1 year-1). Land use efficiency (53%) of improved cropping pattern were 9 and 47% higher, respectively than those of existing cropping pattern. Higher mean gross return (Tk. 2,80,860 ha-1), gross margin (Tk. 169680 ha-1) and BCR (2.53) were recorded in improved cropping pattern: Mustard (var. BARI Sarisha-14)- Boro – Fallow} due to inclusion of high yielding variety of mustard than existing cropping pattern (Gross return: Tk. 161010 ha-1 and Gross margin: Tk. 86183 ha- 1) in chalanbeel area. Therefore, farmers in chalanbeel region of Bangladesh could follow improved cropping pattern for higher crop productivity and profitability where lands remain fallow before transplanting of Boro rice.
 Bangladesh Agron. J. 2022, 25(1): 83-90

Evaluation of Rapeseed-mustard Genotypes in Different Sowing Regimes and Their Genetic Variabilities

Rapeseed-mustard is an important oilseed species with high nutritional and economic values; it’s popularity increases due to its diverse uses. Ten genotypes of rapeseed-mustard and two sowing dates were evaluated in a split plot design with three replications. Our study demonstrated that sowing dates and genotypes greatly influenced the growth parameters, yield, and it contributing characters. BARI sarisha-16 had the highest yield (1613 kg.ha-1) whereas Binasarisha-9 yielded the lowest yield (840 kg.ha-1). All the yield contributing characters was superior in the earlier (10 November, S1) sowing date than the 24 November (S2), demonstrated by the highest grain yield (1120 kg.ha-1) which was 10 % higher than the seed sown on 24th November (S2) (1025 kg.ha-1), and better higher vegetative growth. These results affirmed that the yield contributing traits resulted the higher seed yield. In most of the studied characters, the higher phenotypic variances were observed than that of its genotypic variances. The significant positive correlation with grain yield were found in plant height, number of primary branches/plants, number of siliqua/plants, siliquae length, number of seed per siliquae, days of 50% flowering to maturity and 1000 seed weight. Therefore, based on the yield and the related traits, BARI sarisha-16 can be used for further utilization.

Application of Rhizobacteria, Paraburkholderia fungorum and Delftia sp. Confer Cadmium Tolerance in Rapeseed (Brassica campestris) through Modulating Antioxidant Defense and Glyoxalase Systems.

We investigated the role of two different plant growth-promoting probiotic bacteria in conferring cadmium (Cd) tolerance in rapeseed (Brassica campestris cv. BARI Sarisha-14) through improving reactive oxygen species scavenging, antioxidant defense, and glyoxalase system. Soil, as well as seeds of rapeseed, were separately treated with probiotic bacteria, Paraburkholderia fungorum BRRh-4 and Delftia sp. BTL-M2. Fourteen-day-old seedlings were exposed to 0.25 and 0.5 mM CdCl2 for two weeks. Cadmium-treated plants resulted in a higher accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, increased lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, chlorophyll damage, and impaired antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Consequently, it reduced plant growth and biomass production, and yield parameters. However, probiotic bacteria-inoculated plants significantly ameliorated the Cd toxicity by enhancing the activities of antioxidant enzymes (ascorbate peroxidase, dehydroascorbate reductase, monodehydroascorbate reductase, glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase) and glyoxalase enzymes (glyoxalase I and glyoxalase II) which led to the mitigation of oxidative damage indicated by reduced hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation, and electrolyte leakage that ultimately improved growth, physiology, and yield of the bacterial inoculants rapeseed plants. When taken together, our results demonstrated the potential role of the plant probiotic bacteria, BRRh-4 and BTL-M2, in mitigating the Cd-induced damages in rapeseed plants.