Bar Plate Research Articles

Study on Fiber Cutting Performance of Isometric Straight Bar Plate with Different Bar Angle

The refining plate is a direct-acting component of refiners in pulping, and the bar profile of it have a major impact on fiber cutting, which affects the paper forming and strength of the formed paper. In this paper, the fiber average length, the fiber length distribution, the original fiber cutting rate and adjacent fiber cutting rate of samples collected in different refining time are used to analyze the fiber cutting mechanism of the isometric straight bar refining plates with different bar angles. The results show that the fiber cutting performance of plates gradually decreases and the limit fiber cutting length of the plate increases with the increase of the bar angle which is opposite to the conclusion predicted by specific edge load (SEL). However, the fiber cutting action of plates is gradually weakened until the average fiber length is reduced to the limit cutting length of plates. Meanwhile, the cutting mechanism of the straight bar plates with different bar angles is different. The larger bar angle of plate, the lower fiber cutting rate and the adjacent cutting rate of which is basically kept constant during refining, while the adjacent cutting rate of smaller bar angle plate on fibers gradually decreases with refining and finally remains constant. The study on the cutting performance of different bar angle plates has positive significance for the selection and design of refining plates for different pulping process.

Parametric Design and Performance Characteristic of Isometric Curved Bar Plate Based on SEL and SSL

Curved bar plate is common used in the pulp refining, but its design method is rather vague due it complex shape. A design method of isometric curved bar plate using two main parameters, the starting point and bar angle of central curve, was proposed in this paper and the calculation of characterization parameters of specific edge load (SEL) and specific surface load (SSL) was described. Isometric curved bar plates designed by two methods, one with fixed starting point and various bar angles and another with fixed bar angle and various starting points, were analyzed by characterization parameters of SEL and SSL. It would be expected to design isometric curved bar plate by the first method and the SEL would be a useful refining intensity to measure it in actual refining, however, the refining characteristics of different isometric curved bar plates should be further studied. The study on the design of isometric curved bar plate would be conductive to the research of curved bar plate and rapid design of it.

Fuzzy Interference Treatment applied to Energy Control with effect of Box type Affordable Solar Cooker

Abstract This study has been developed to analyse the fuzzy logic rules in thermal energy assessment of box type solar cooker under local climatic condition in Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. Different cooking test of food stuffs has been produced with vessels viz., copper, aluminium, bottom side and bar plate is coating black paint mixed in Nanoparticles (Al2O3) for the system. The influence of the solar cooker parameters are performed to the following in fuzzy logic rules. It has been established a cooker to thermal act of (15.14%), Nanoparticles adeptness are (7.10%). It is received to give the shortly time for the enhancement of the cooker affordable to a manufacture.

Energy and Environment control to Box type Solar Cooker and Nanoparticles mixed bar plate coating with Effect of Thermal Image cooking pot

Abstract In this paper studies the thermal performance of an exclusive box type solar cooker oven whose five sides are showing to ambient and requirements are also delivered to install the reflectors to improve the intensity of incident solar radiation on the cooker. Experiments were achieved somewhere temperatures reached inside the box cavity are verified on different days and times of the day agreeing to numerous strengths of available solar radiation. The thermal image has been taken through a cooker (rice) edge detector and applied in segmentation techniques should be considered. The image scrutiny has been done considering two days type of endure disorder for each various month of the year at Avadi, Chennai climate condition. The cooker has been enhanced by adeptness evolving in PCM (C18H36O2) and Nanoparticles (Al2O3). It has been established a thermal act of (45.14%), PCM and Nanoparticles adeptness is (53.10%). As compared to with and without nanoparticles mixed in black paint, selective surface coating results in expressively higher oven temperatures (up to Bar plate 92°C) and good agreement with the experimental statistics is extended.

An impedance-based structural health monitoring approach for looseness identification in bolted joint structure

The task of structural safety has been always vital throughout the life span of a structure. The situation deteriorates, when it is subject to repeated loading as seen in cases of railway joints. Generally, the bolted joints are frequently used connections for mainteinance of structural integrity. The most common type of fault observed in bolted joints is looseness of the nuts and bolts which leads to a damaging change by contact pressure that may cause an untoward incident. To avoid such incidents, it is required to monitor the bolted joints very meticulously and regularly. This study presents an investigational work for the looseness assessment of bolted butt joint structure using glued piezoelectric transducer and the implementation of an analytical approach based on the electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) method. For the purpose of investigation, the experiments are being conducted in pristine condition of the structure, wherein the plate bars and girder beam are bolted with four similar bolts without being pressed adequately and no part of the joint is glued. The test measurement of undamaged state and loosed state has been conducted using impedance-based monitoring approach. To study the effectiveness of the proposed method, an experimental investigation is conducted using the impedance chip AD5933 on a bolted joint structure. The results provide cogent indication about the use of piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate sensor based on EMI method for monitoring the status of the bolted joint structures.

On the Design Robustness and Long-Term Performance of the Most Used Electrodes in the Copper Electrowinning Industry

Performance in copper electrowinning is directly linked to the electrode's hanger bar designs and plate assembly methods. The actual physical condition of the plate, hanger bar assembly, and the internal resistance of electrodes are critical factors in this process. Internal electrode resistances affect parallel anode–cathode pair resistances. Therefore, it also alters balanced copper deposits, current efficiency, and cell voltage and power consumption of electrowinning cells. This paper summarizes the design characteristics of commercial stainless steel cathodes and cold-rolled lead–alloy anodes. It includes the evaluation of electrode performances under typical operating conditions using 3-D finite-element method analysis. The proposed evaluation of internal electrode resistance comprises nonlinear effects of electrical conduction, heat generation, and electrode position. The analysis of the design robustness of electrodes considers the most important elements, which help to maintain high current efficiency and electrical performance in the long term; that is to say, mechanical strength, inherent straightness, resistance to dissolution of copper coating on hanger bars, galvanic corrosion of weld joints, and hanger bar resistance to annealing. Results are based on industrial measurements, test work by vendors, and tankhouse operating data for benchmarking. The performance evaluation considers internal electrical resistance, contact shape design, contact loading, average contact resistance, and lifetime current efficiency. The results highlight the relationship between the robustness of electrode design and long term performance.

High-Throughput Serum 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D Testing with Automated Sample Preparation.

Serum from bar-coded tubes, and then internal standard, are pipetted to 96-well plates with an 8-channel automated liquid handler (ALH). The first precipitation reagent (methanol:ZnSO4) is added and mixed with the 8-channel ALH. A second protein precipitating agent, 1 % formic acid in acetonitrile, is added and mixed with a 96-channel ALH. After a 4-min delay for larger precipitates to settle to the bottom of the plate, the upper 36 % of the precipitate/supernatant mix is transferred with the 96-channel ALH to a Sigma Hybrid SPE(®) plate and vacuumed through for removal of phospholipids and precipitated proteins. The filtrate is collected in a second 96-well plate (collection plate) which is foil-sealed, placed in the autosampler (ALS), and injected into a multiplexed LC-MS/MS system running AB Sciex Cliquid(®) and MPX(®) software. Two Shimadzu LC stacks, with multiplex timing controlled by MPX(®) software, inject alternately to one AB Sciex API-5000 MS/MS using positive atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and a 1.87 min water/acetonitrile LC gradient with a 2.1 × 20 mm, 2.7 μm, C18 fused core particle column (Sigma Ascentis Express). LC-MS/MS through put is ~44 samples/h/LC-MS/MS system with dual-LC channel multiplexing. Plate maps are transferred electronically from the ALH and reformatted into LC-MS/MS sample table format using the Data Innovations LLC (DI) Instrument Manager middleware application. Before collection plates are loaded into the ALS, the plate bar code is manually scanned to download the sample table from the DI middleware to the LC-MS/MS. After acquisition-LC-MS/MS data is analyzed with AB Sciex Multiquant(®) software using customized queries, and then results are transferred electronically via a DI interface to the LIS. 2500 samples/day can be extracted by two analysts using four ALHs in 4-6 h. LC-MS/MS analysis of those samples on three dual-channel LC multiplexed LC-MS/MS systems requires 19-21 h and data analysis can be done by two analysts in 4-6 h.

Bifurcations in a Boundary-Value Problem of Nanoelectronics

We study the boundary value problem for the Bradley–Harper (Kuramoto–Sivashinsky) equation governing the known technological process in nanoelectronics, namely, the plate (bar) processing by the ion flow. We find spatial inhomogeneous solutions and study the stability of such solutions. Similar questions are discussed for a two-parameter family of unstable solutions that forms a local attractor.

Radius Compensation in Lateral Bending of L-Shape Plate Considering Rollers Deflection

Lateral bending of L-shape plate is a novel forming technology to manufacture flange-like parts from angle bar or L-shape plate. However, the inevitable rollers deflection induced by rolling force leads to significant decrease in radius prediction accuracy of the flange products. Therefore, the radius compensation is implemented through adjusting forming parameters in order to obtain a flange product with the designed radius. In the paper, the rolling force and rollers deflection are solved with considering the workpiece-roller interaction; on this basis, a radius compensation scheme is proposed and evaluated. The results show that the predicted radii deviate from the desired ones less than 7.22%.

損傷力学によるニオブ合金材の高温機械特性モデリングとクリープ疲労解析

The elasto-plastic constitutive equation based on the concept of continuum damage mechanics was formulated for the niobium alloy (C103) which is used as a chamber material in a satellite's thruster. The existing theory was extended to deal with the creep fatigue behavior at the high temperature of 1500°C. Creep, tensile and creep fatigue tests (stress-controlled) were conducted with plate bar specimens made of the niobium alloy. The tests were conducted at 1500°C and obtained data were used to determine the material parameters employed in the constitutive equation. Time-strain curves and damage-evolution curves were also simulated and the validity of material parameters was confirmed by comparing calculated values with test results. Creep fatigue life analyses were also conducted and the results were compared with the experimental values. From the results, it is expected that the used constitutive equations and determined material parameters can predict the mechanical features and creep fatigue life for the niobium alloy at the high temperature.

A new algorithm on welding process of T-shaped plates in ship hull structure to minimize distortion based on thermal simulation

In this paper, the influence of welding sequence on the distribution of distortion on a T-shaped plate bar is investigated. The simulation consists of sequentially coupled thermal and mechanical analyses using an element birth and death technique to model the addition of welding metal to the work piece. Thermal distribution in steel T-shaped plate subjected to gas metal arc welding is determined through finite element method (FEM) in numerical simulations. Three-dimensional (3D) thermal model is simulated in ANSYS FEM commercial code. A macro code programme based on Goldak model is developed to apply thermal loading generated by the heat sources. The analyses are planned to be performed for 3D, transient and non-linear conditions. Temperature distribution during welding, welding-induced distortion fields and thermal graphs are predicted. The results are compared with the predictions from mechanical analyses. The results of four welding sequences on the magnitude of distortion in the plate are discussed and their effects on the thermal smooth distribution for special points in the plate are studied. Evaluation of the results with minimum distortion represents proper predictions and proves applicability and simplicity of the new introduced algorithm in this paper.

Modeling of Direct Current Atmospheric Pressure Argon Discharge in Two-Dimensional

The finite element computational package COMSOL multiphysics were used to simulate a bar plate dc discharge in argon at atmospheric pressure. The basic plasma properties such as electron density, ion density, metastable atom density, electron temperature, electric voltage and electric field were studied. The current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of numerical model is in good agreement well with experimental data. This model is simple and insightful as a theoretical tool for argon atmospheric pressure discharges.

Influence of the press ram motion on the joining characteristics during indentation plastic joining using a servo press

A plastic joining method for fixing bars and hot plates, called “indentation plastic joining”, was carried out using a servo press with press ram speed control. The influence of the press ram motion control on the indentation joining characteristics of an aluminum alloy bar and plate was examined. The accelerated ram motion was effective in reducing the bar indentation pressure by approximately 15% and the bonding strength of the indented bar–plate was improved by approximately 7%. The bonding mechanism underlying the indention joining method under press ram motion control is discussed in terms of the seizure of the plate and the mechanical clamping associated with the process. It is found that the accelerated ram motion produces heavier seizure at the indented bar–plate interface, whereas the decelerated ram motion reduces the degree of the seizure.

Investigation on characteristics of argon corona discharge under atmospheric pressure

Spatially two-dimensional and axial-symmetric plasma model is developed to investigate the characteristics of a bar–plate corona discharge of argon gas under atmospheric pressure. An improved nonlocal collision-less electron heat flux is used in the model. Numerical simulation for the process of argon corona discharge under atmospheric pressure are carried out with a separation of 0.2 mm between the bar and plate and the discharge is excited by an external circuit. The results indicate that metastable argon atoms are mainly produced by ground state excitation reaction, the metastable step-wise ionization is the dominated reaction and the highest contribution to electron production during the discharge. In addition, the maximum of electron temperature arises in the cathode sheath due to Joule heating in the high electric field. Elastic collision is the dominant volumetric electron energy loss in atmosphere corona discharge, which is negligible in low pressure glow discharge. The discharge current–voltage characteristic is predicted and shows a good agreement with the results obtained by experiments.

족부 진동 자극 유무에 따른 인체의 운동지각 변화 및 정량화

Nowadays, some movie theaters provide additional sensory information in 3D movies to enhance visually induced motion perception. However, no studies have investigated how motion perception increases. Thus, in this study, we examined the effect of visual coherent sensory information on visually induced motion perception and quantification of sensory information. A visual stimulus rotated sinusoidally and visual coherent sensory information were applied as vibrations to a subject's foot. We measured the sway of the subject's body by using a force plate and somatosensory bar rotation that represents the subject's perception of the horizon using an encoder. By using this data, we obtained the weight of the sensory information using a Kalman filter. As a result, it was found that subjects rotated the somatosensory bar more when visual coherent vibrations were applied. The weight of vision also increased when visual coherent vibrations were applied. Thus, we can conclude that visual coherent sensory information tends to enhance visually induced motion perception and weight of vision.

MECHANICAL PULPING.Analysis method of high-consistency chip refiner forces

Abstract We introduce a new method of processing irregular data rrom any rotating machine, in particular high-consistency pulp refiners. Refiner plate bar forces and rotor absolute angle are acquired synchronously, and a fuzzy gate is exploited to filter instantaneous force events from background noise. Fuzzy gate parameters are partially justified by plate geometry. The method enables the acquisition of quantified and detailed spatial information on refiner plate bar forces, thus supporting the design of more energy efficient refiner plates and bar patterns. The study identifie.s key areas of application for synchronized force analysis in high-consistency pulping research.

OS13F088 Influence of Specimen Shape and Bond Coating Process on Thermally Grown Oxide Growth at the Thermal Barrier Coating/Bond Coating Interface

In this study, we examined the influence of specimen shape and the bond coating (BC) process of a thermal barrier coating (TBC) on thermally grown oxide (TGO) growth using an advanced gas turbine system. Three differently shaped substrates were prepared: one was a flat plate substrate without restraints and the other two were round bar substrates with restraints. BCs were then applied by low-pressure plasma spraying (LPPS) or cold spraying (CS). An yttria-stabilized zirconia top coat was fabricated subsequently on the bond-coated layer by air plasma spraying. The coatings were oxidized isothermally at 1000°C for different periods of up to 1000 h and the TGO growth for each was compared. We found that the TGO growth on the round bars with restraints was faster than that on the flat plate bar. In addition, the TGO growth on the TBC treated using LPPS-BC was faster than that on the TBC treated using CS. We believe that the difference in the residual stresses between the flat plate specimen and the round bar specimens as well as differences in the microstructures between the TBCs that were treated with LPPS and CS-BC were responsible for faster TGO growth. Understanding the parameters that affect the TGO growth rate during service will allow predictions of the life span of a coating system.

鋼材－アルミニウム材の異種金属の植込み接合

A new plastic joining method for fixing bars with a hot-forged plate was proposed, in which steel bars maintained at room temperature are directly indented into a high-temperature steel plate, as reported in a previous paper. To examine the validity of the developed plastic joining method, the optimum conditions of the plastic joining method are investigated using an SCM435 steel bar and an A5052 aluminium plate on a mechanical or AC servo-controlled press. It is possible to indent the bar to the plate without the buckling or plastic deformation of the bar at room temperature, and the attained shear bonding stress of the bar–plate is approximately 70% of the shear strength of the plate material. The bonding mechanism of the proposed plastic joining method is discussed from the viewpoints of plate seizure and mechanical clamping associated with the process.

New plastic joining method using indentation of cold bar to hot forged part

A new plastic joining method for fixing bars with a hot forged plate is proposed in which bars kept at room temperature are directly indented into a high-temperature plate. The optimum conditions for the proposed plastic joining method are examined using a low-alloyed steel bar and a carbon steel plate. It is possible to indent the bar to the plate without buckling or plastic deformation by keeping the plate above 850 °C. The attained shear bonding stress of bar–plate is approximately 40% of the shear strength of the plate material. The bonding mechanism of the proposed plastic joining method is discussed from the viewpoints of seizure of the plate and mechanical clamping associated with the process. Furthermore, some applications of the proposed method are suggested.

Fatigue tests on steel–concrete–steel sandwich components and beams

In Bi-Steel steel–concrete–steel sandwich members, the friction welded bar–plate connections are subject to plate tension, bar tension and bar shear with associated bar bending. The relative magnitude of these force components depends on the beam geometry and the type of loading. The force components interact, so component fatigue tests were performed under single and combined loads, each with a sufficient number of stress ranges to enable stress vs. fatigue life ( S / N ) curves and equations to be defined. Fatigue tests were also conducted on eighteen beams, and the experimental fatigue lives are compared with the values estimated by means of a proposed interaction equation based on the experimental S / N equations derived from the component tests.