United Bank Research Articles

Analysis the level of Efficiency of Sharia Commercial Bank and Sharia Business Unit in Indonesia with Data Envelopment Analysis Method

This research has the purpose to measure efficiency and analyze the efficiency comparison between Sharia Commercial Bank (BUS) and Sharia Bussines Unit (UUS) in Indonesia and compare the efficiency during the period 2008-2013. There are 10 Islamic banks which are used as samples of this research consisting of 3 Sharia Commercial Bank (BUS) and 7 Sharia Business Unit (UUS) that were chosen by purposive sampling. Efficiency measurements in this research using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). To determine differences in efficiency between Sharia Commercial Bank (BUS) and Sharia Bussines Unit (UUS), this study uses a different test parametric independent sample t-test. The result of this research showed that there is no significant difference between the efficiency of Sharia Commercial Bank (BUS) and Sharia Bussines Unit (UUS), during the period of 2008-2013 with possible intervention t value (-0.429) < t table (2.002) and probability value =0.000.

A Secure E-wallet System Using Block Chain

In 2016, the Indian government, diode by Prime Minister Narendra Singh Modi, academic degree announced that the nations two highest-denomination bank notes would stop to be legal tenders. At the time, the two denominations accounted for roughly eighty 600 of cash in circulation in India. those that possessed the banknotes were to deposit them among the bank. With the move, the Indian government aimed to penalize tax evaders wanting back. The logic was that people with hoards of black money would have to be compelled to answer queries if they tried to deposit the demonetized banknotes. Banking and technology unit really closely associated and innovations have changed banking drastically over the number of it slow. The digital innovations among the banking sector started with the introduction of money that replaced the barter system then the gradual replacement of wax seal with digital signatures. One such troubled innovation that's dynamic the banking sector globally is Block chain Technology (BCT). Block chain is shared distributed ledger that stores business group action to a permanent unbreakable chain which may be viewed by the parties during a group action. Block chain technology has the potential to disrupt the nancial business applications because it provides permanent and tamper proof recording of transactions during a distributed network.

HOW SOCIAL ARE ISLAMIC BANKS IN PAKISTAN?

Purpose: This research paper attempts to prove that social outcomes are one of the objectives of Islamic banks and tries to investigate whether social failure exists in the Islamic banking sector of Pakistan by assessing the social performance of Islamic banks against performance indicators of social outcomes. 
 Design/ Methodology/ Approach: In this paper content analysis of annual reports of a sample of 4 Islamic conventional banks and 4 Islamic banking units functioning in Pakistan is conducted. The social outcomes that are attempted to be measured of the Islamic banks in this research paper are derived from social objectives present in literature, in addition to this, Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini Research, 17 Sustainable Development goals of the United Nations, five Environment Social Governance scorecards developed by Oikocredit which is a global cooperative and social investor group, and Analytics index of corporate social performance are used for the derivation of social outcomes. 
 Findings: Conventional Islamic banks in Pakistan are doing better than Islamic banking units on measures of social responsiveness. 
 Originality/ Value: This research paper is based on the framework of the research paper “How social is Islamic banking” written on the Islamic banking sector of Indonesia by Luthfi Hamidi and Andrew C. Worthington. 
 JEL Classification Codes: G0, G2, P4, Q3.

Umbilical cord blood transplants facilitated by the French cord blood banks network. On behalf of the Agency of Biomedicine, Eurocord and the French society of bone marrow transplant and cell therapy (SFGM-TC).

The public French Cord Blood Banks Network was established in 1999 with the objective of standardizing the practices governing umbilical cord blood (UCB) banking in France. The Network adopted a strategy to optimize its inventory and improve the quality of its banked units based on a quality improvement process using outcome data regularly provided by Eurocord. This study aimed to describe the results, over 10 years, of UCBT facilitated by a national network that used the same criteria of UCB collection and banking and to assess how modifications of banking criteria and unit selection might influence transplant outcomes. Nine hundred and ninety-nine units (593 single-unit and 203 double-unit grafts) were released by the Network to transplant 796 patients with malignant (83%) and non-malignant (17%) diseases. Median cell dose exceeded 3.5 × 107 TNC/kg in 86%. There was a trend to select units more recently collected and with higher cell dose. Neutrophil engraftment was 88.2% (85.7–90.7) and 79.3% (72.6–86.5) respectively for malignant and non-malignant diseases with a trend to faster recovery with higher cell doses. The respective 3-year transplant-related mortality were 31.1% (27.5–35.1) and 34.3% (27.0–43.5). OS was 49% ± 4 in malignant and 62% ± 4 in non-malignant disorders. In multivariate analysis, cell dose was the only unit-related factor associated with outcomes. Our results reflect the benefit on clinical outcomes of the strategy adopted by the Network to bank units with higher cell counts.

Socio-economic impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on waste bank closed-loop system in Surabaya, Indonesia.

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused most waste recycling activities to be terminated due to several factors, such as concerns about the spread of coronavirus through the collected solid waste. This study investigates the socio-economic impact of the situation of the closed-loop system of solid waste recycling. Several recommendations for tackling this problem are presented in this research. Primary data collection for the waste bank and informal recycling sector was carried out in the eastern part of Surabaya during large-scale social restrictions. In-depth interviews were conducted with waste bank customers, waste bank unit representatives and the informal recycling sector to understand the pandemic's socio-economic impact on the closed-loop system. Results show that this pandemic has significant impacts on individuals and stakeholders engaged in waste recycling activities. Customers of waste banks, who mostly belong to low-income communities, mentioned that the waste bank closure gave rise to social and economic problems, such as increasing unmanaged solid waste and decreasing income. This result also applied to the informal recycling sector. The government can use the recommendations in this study to generate related policies, such as enforcing the health protocol within solid waste management to keep the recycling system in place and the business alive.

Foreign experience in income taxation of companies

The subject of this research is the rules of corporate income taxation foreign countries existing in foreign countries, the experience of implementation of which is valuable for further development of the Russian legislation. The current state of tax systems is viewed from the perspective of implementation of the baisc tax functions: fiscal and regulatory. The importance of corporate profit taxation in formation of the income base of the budgets of the budgetary system of the Russian Federation justifies special attention to the existing mechanisms for distinguishing tax revenues between budgets of bot different levels and same level. In the context of state regulation of the economy, analysis is conducted on the tax incentive instruments and preferential tax conditions intended for stimulating innovative activity of the companies. The scientific novelty lies in summarizing the experience of foreign countries in corporate income taxation, determining the leading  practices, and formulating recommendations for their implementation in Russia. The conducted research reveals the trends in reforming tax legislation of the developed countries aimed at stimulation of entrepreneurial activity. Sustained reduction in corporate income tax rates, shift away from progressive scale, and implementation of new tax incentives contribute to lowering of fiscal burden on businesses and create favorable conditions for the economic development. The author develops recommendations for the improvement of corporate profit taxation in the Russian Federation: 1) For increasing the validity of division of tax revenues between regional budgets, it is suggested to change the procedure for calculating the tax payable by separate banks units. In calculation of the share of taxable profit for each bank unit, it is recommended to take into account labor costs, amount of loans issued and deposits raised. 2) The comparative analysis of the Russian and foreign experience of tax incentives demonstrated the shortage of instruments intended for commercialization of innovations in the Russian Federation, which substantiates the need for implementation of preferential taxation of income from use of the objects of intellectual property.

Organizational Leadership Styles and Employees’ Performance in Nigerian Deposit Money Banks

The concept of organizational leadership has engendered a lot of arguments. This is because the effect of leadership on every human endeavor cannot be over emphasized. This study examines the effect of organizational leadership styles, particularly transformational and servant leadership styles on deposit money banks (DMBs) employees’ performance in Nigeria. The study employs survey research design, through the administration of structured questionnaire on some selected employees of Guaranty Trust Bank, United Bank for Africa and First Bank. The research instrument was validated through content validity index, while test-retest method was employed in ascertaining the reliability of the research instrument. The findings revealed that transformational leadership and servant leadership styles have positive and significant combined effect on deposit money banks employees’ performance (F-stat= 58.02 *0.000). The adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R2) suggested that, 39.4% variation in employees’ performance is accounted for by transformational leadership and servant leadership styles. The t-value revealed that when the two variables (transformational leadership and servant leadership styles) are combined, they both have positive and significant effect on deposit money banks employees’ performance. Therefore, it can be concluded that transformational leadership and servant leadership styles both have individual as well as combined positive and significant effect on deposit money banks employees’ performance.

Factors Affecting Distribution of Islamic Commercial Bank Financing in Indonesia Period 2014 to 2019

This research background was the decline of financing distribution ratio of Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia as seen from the data of the Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) during the period of 2014 to 2019. In 2014, the Sharia Commercial Banks FDR was recorded at 86.66%, it went down to 79.10% in 2019, meanwhile according to Bank Indonesia’s regulation in 2019, the intermediation ratio for all banks should be in the range of 84 to 94%. Compared to Sharia Business Unit and Conventional Commercial Banks, Sharia Commercial Banks, during the research period, had a lower FDR. The low FDR of Sharia Commercial Bank showed that the role of intermediation was sub-optimal and that there was considerable room for finance expansion.
 Suspected factors affecting the distribution of financing of Sharia Commercial Banks in this researchwere limited to Capital Adequacy Ratio (CAR), Non Performing Financing (NPF), Bonus of Bank Indonesia Certificates Syariah (SBIS), and Inflation.
 The results showed that the CAR, NPF, SBIS, and Inflation variables altogether had a significant effect on Sharia Commercial Bank Financing. While partially, only NPF variable had a significant effect on Sharia Commercial Bank Financing, with a regression coefficient of -2458,047, meaning that each 1% increase in the NPF will reduce Sharia Commercial Bank Financing by 2,458,047 billion Rupiah. The research results implication is that one way to optimize Sharia Commercial Bank financing in Indonesia is to reduce the level of Non-Performing Financing (NPF) at those banks

Evaluation of the Spanish population coverage of a prospective HLA haplobank of induced pluripotent stem cells

BackgroundiPSC (induced pluripotent stem cells) banks of iPSC lines with homozygous HLA (human leukocyte antigen) haplotypes (haplobanks) are proposed as an affordable and off-the-shelf approach to allogeneic transplantation of iPSC derived cell therapies. Cord blood banks offer an extensive source of HLA-typed cells suitable for reprogramming to iPSC. Several initiatives worldwide have been undertaken to create national and international iPSC haplobanks that match a significant part of a population.MethodsTo create an iPSC haplobank that serves the Spanish population (IPS-PANIA), we have searched the Spanish Bone Marrow Donor Registry (REDMO) to identify the most frequently estimated haplotypes. From the top ten donors identified, we estimated the population coverage using the criteria of zero mismatches in HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 with different stringencies: high resolution, low resolution, and beneficial mismatch.ResultsWe have calculated that ten cord blood units from homozygous donors stored at the Spanish cord blood banks can provide HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DRB1 matching for 28.23% of the population.ConclusionWe confirm the feasibility of using banked cord blood units to create an iPSC haplobank that will cover a significant percentage of the Spanish and international population for future advanced therapy replacement strategies.

Can Leadership Training Improve Organizational Effectiveness? Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment on Transformational and Transactional Leadership

AbstractBased on evidence from a large‐scale leadership training field experiment, this article advances our knowledge about the possibilities for training leaders toward more active and effective leadership. In the field experiment, public and private leaders were randomly assigned to a control group or one of three leadership training programs: Transformational, transactional, or a combined program. Employee responses from 463 organizations show that the training can affect leadership behavior positively in very different organizations (primary and secondary schools, daycare centers, tax centers, and bank units). Furthermore, for the subsample of school principals, we find some evidence of training effects on performance in standardized tests in elementary schools and final exams in lower secondary schools. We discuss these findings in relation to training content and performance criteria.

Reforming tourism and archaeology education in Palestine to meet industry expectations

ABSTRACT This paper first elaborates on the development of tourism and archaeology in higher education in Palestine over the last five decades. Then, it moves to evaluate the efforts of Palestine’s higher education sector to reform policies and practices related to specialised tourism programmes. An-Najah National University is one educational institution in Palestine that focuses on tourism and archaeology education. Between 2015 and 2017, the World Bank Unit of the Ministry of Higher Education in Palestine provided technical and financial assistance to develop the university’s undergraduate programme in tourism and archaeology. Against this background, the researcher has explored the effect of this project on the tourism and archaeology education programme in terms of meeting the market requirements and expectations. He discussed the relationship between the Palestinian tourism industry and higher education programmes and the challenges and sustainability of future undergraduate programmes and industry–academic relationships. He concluded with several recommendations and suggestions for future development based on past experiences.

Impact of extreme weather episodes on the Philippine banking sector – Evidence using branch-level supervisory data

There is growing recognition that natural disasters and severe weather-related events pose risks that can potentially and unintentionally affect the financial performance of the banking system. This study provides further indication that severe weather conditions have an impact on the financial performance of smaller banking units. The paper first constructs a regional quarterly rainfall damage index (RDI) based on data from weather stations across the country. A regional branch-level database from supervisory reports is then compiled based on 11,000 banking units from the Bangko Sentral’s (BSP) Branch Regional Information System (BRIS). Using the dynamic panel generalized method of moments (GMM), we find evidence of a deterioration in branch-level loan growth and loan quality as savings and time deposit liabilities contract and nonperforming loans surge following extreme rainfall events from 2014 to 2018. These are particularly evident in regions most vulnerable to severe rainfall episodes and to branches of universal and commercial banks as well as those of rural and cooperative banks. However, the overall negative impact on profitability seems to eventually taper off. These findings are robust across different specifications and alternative estimation methods such as fixed effects and panel vector autoregression estimations.

HLA diversity in the Argentinian Umbilical Cord Blood Bank: frequencies according to donor\u2019s reported ancestry and geographical distribution

Umbilical cord blood (UCB) is a suitable source for hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. The study of HLA genes by next generation sequencing is commonly used in transplants. Donor/patient HLA matching is often higher within groups of common ancestry, however “Hispanic” is a broad category that fails to represent Argentina’s complex genetic admixture. Our aim is to describe HLA diversity of banked UCB units collected across the country taking into consideration donor’s reported ancestral origins as well as geographic distribution. Our results showed an evenly distribution of units mainly for 2 groups: of European and of Native American descent, each associated to a defined geographic location pattern (Central vs. North regions). We observed differences in allele frequency distributions for some alleles previously described in Amerindian populations: for Class I (A*68:17, A*02:11:01G, A*02:22:01G, B*39:05:01, B*35:21, B*40:04, B*15:04:01G, B*35:04:01, B*51:13:01) and Class II (DRB1*04:11:01, DRB1*04:07:01G/03, DRB1*08:02:01, DRB1*08:07, DRB1*09:01:02G, DRB1*14:02:01, DRB1*16:02:01G). Our database expands the current knowledge of HLA diversity in Argentinian population. Although further studies are necessary to fully comprehend HLA heterogeneity, this report should prove useful to increase the possibility of finding compatible donors for successful allogeneic transplant and to improve recruitment strategies for UCB donors across the country.

Fuzzy Multi Criterion Decision Making Method to Analyze Performance of Banking Sector

Performance evaluation of any financial institution is extremely important to look after the health and prospect of the institution. In many research of performance evaluation analysis of banks, several ratio parameters are used mostly in statistical analysis. Designing effective and comprehensive model for evaluation process of financial matters in banking sector is complex due to multiple criteria and parameters, mostly uncertain in nature. This paper presents a comprehensive process considering several financial criteria of several alternatives on the basis of several expert’s (decision maker’s) opinion and subjective judgment. Intensity of importance is represented in fuzzy scale. We used fuzzy AHP-preference programming (FPP) to obtain priority weights associated with each criteria and compromise ranking method (VIKOR) considering Market Capital, Net Sales, Net Profit, Total Assets, and Other Income in ranking alternatives. A case study involving ten active Indian Public Sector Unit (PSU) banking industries is undertaken to illustrative the feasibility of the suggested approach. A sensitivity analysis is also carried out for checking the method reliability.

Introduction to the human disease resource search and distribution platform through the Korea Biobank Network portal

Human-derived materials are a crucial element of research in the life sciences. The Korea Biobank Network (KBN) portal is a shared open platform that provides the nationʼs most extensive disease resources, possessed by Human Bioresource Unit Banks of the KBN, to the public, including those in the fields of industry, academia, and research. This platform was developed to increase the efficient use of national disease resources. In the KBN portal, the current status of disease resources collected in Korea can be checked online. Human bioresources and clinical information are provided to consumers through systematic search and efficient distribution programs. Additionally, by simultaneously operating the KBN Distribution Support Center, we are working to support the rapid and convenient distribution of human resources in response to the needs of consumers. To effectively utilize the open human bioresource sharing platform, it is necessary to introduce an integrated clinical information management system. Currently, the KBN is in the process of establishing standard terminology for data and applying a common data model for the integrated management of various clinical information held by the KBN. We provide communications through the KBN portal, which is interconnected with the distribution support center, regional biobanks, and consumers. In conclusion, the KBN portal will provide open innovation by creating a business or service model by delivering shared open data and internalizing external innovative capabilities.

Ethics in Financial Service Industry as Panacea for Organizational Performance in Osogbo and Iree Metropolis, Osun State, Nigeria

The study investigates the argument and counterargument within the scientific discussion on ethics as the panacea to organizational performance in the financial service industry using ethical leadership, organizational ethical culture and public perception on ethics to measure organizational performance. The objective of this study is to examine the relationship between ethical leadership and organizational performance in Osogbo and Iree United Bank of Africa. Secondly, this study aimed at determining the relationship between organizational ethical culture and organizational performance in Osogbo and Iree United Bank of Africa. Thirdly, the study intends to establish the relationship between public perception of organizational ethics and organizational performance in Osogbo and Iree United Bank of Africa. The research questions formulated to guide this study are: What is the effect of ethical leadership on organizational performance in Osogbo and Iree United Bank of Africa; How does organizational ethical culture impacts organizational performance in Osogbo and Iree United Bank of Africa? What is the relationship between public perception of organizational ethics and organizational performance in Osogbo and Iree United Bank of Africa? This study adopted the survey research design and obtained its data from primary sources. The primary data were obtained through a questionnaire administered on 100 respondents of United Bank for Africa Plc, Iree and Osogbo branches. A simple random sampling technique was also used to conduct a personal interview on 50 customers of the bank. Regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses at a 0.05 level of significance. The study showed a positive and significant relationship between ethical leadership and organizational performance, organizational ethical culture and organizational performance, and public perception of ethics and organizational performance. The study, therefore, recommends that management should not only communicate organizational ethical values to employees in words but also in action; they should lead by example, proper attention should be placed on organization’s culture to ensure that it is ethical as employees are willing to do more in an organization with ethical culture and also, service industries in Nigeria must ensure that their organizations are managed in a way that will enhance a positive public perception.

The nexus between organisational commitment and organisational citizenship behaviours in the Nigerian banking sector

Organisational commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour are some workplace orientations at the core of organisational efficiency, competitiveness, survival, growth and success. This paper examines the relationship between organisational commitment and organisational citizenship behaviour among bank employees. Explicitly, the research explores the influence of organisational commitment on organisational citizenship behaviour-organisation (OCB-O) and organisational citizenship behaviour-individual (OCB-I). Data were collected from 150 professional staff from 14 branches of the United Bank for Africa (UBA) Plc in Benin City. The study found that organisational commitment has a significant positive effect on organisational citizenship behaviour-organisation (OCB-O). The study concludes that the positive influence of organisational commitment on OCB-O is evident in the banking industry in Nigeria and therefore recommends that managers should focus on creating and sustaining a good organisational commitment climate for workers to strengthen and preserve their organisation's citizenship towards the organisation.

Obstacles of FinTech in Egyptian Bank Sector under Social Distancing

The study investigates the obstacles of FinTech in banking sector in Public and Private Banks. The population of the study is Egyptian bankers. Accordingly, the number of conducted questionnaires was 395 (8 Egyptian banks) in the first half of 2020. There is a difference in acceptance of FinTech between public and private banks. Finally, Obstacles FinTech in Egyptian sector includes both (1) RegTech: FinTech face a complex regulatory environment that was designed for older business models and is slow to adopt change. (2) bank unit characteristics: Usually, private banks are more flexible in applying FinTech services, compared to public banks; Egyptian Clients Attitude, orientation towards using FinTech application is positive with reservation on the nature of each governorate, Cairo and Nile delta, Giza and Alexandria represent big weight for using such FinTech apps compared to Upper Egypt. Technological Infrastructure, it is still weak especially in public banks compared to private banks. and (3) Staff characteristics: the young staff, has a high rate of income and segment who holds high level degrees or certificates from staff was supporting FinTech.

Exploring Service Quality in Islamic Banking Industry of Afghanistan: An Analysis of Customer Satisfaction

Service quality is an essential organizational factor that has a positive relationship with customer satisfaction. Thus, in this paper, we measure the service quality of the Islamic banking industry of Afghanistan and customer satisfaction through the modified CARTER model. We collected data in Kabul province from customers of the following banks: Afghanistan International Bank (AIB), Afghan United Bank (AUB), Bank-e-Millie Afghan (BMA), Ghazanfar Bank (GB), and Islamic Bank of Afghanistan (IBA). In nutshell, our study results reveal that in the Islamic banking industry of Afghanistan out of seven dimensions of service quality only four dimensions are significant namely; compliance (COM), reliability, empathy (EMP), responsiveness (RES) while the other three dimensions namely; assurance (ASR), tangibles (TAN), and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are insignificant for the customers of Islamic banking in Afghanistan. Thus, our study suggests that the Islamic banking industry in Afghanistan needs improvement in innovative products and services with their pricing and designing policies. Similarly, the Islamic banking industry of Afghanistan needs to determine a fair profit ratio for bank management, making easy required conditions and terms in the agreement with customers, and taking a fair commission on services. This research will help the Islamic banking industry of Afghanistan to adjust and design truly their operational and managerial policies.

How social is Islamic banking?

PurposeThis paper aims to outline the argument for social outcomes as an objective for Islamic banks and investigate whether social failure exists in Islamic banking in Indonesia by assessing it against this performance dimension.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis of the annual reports of a sample of 12 Islamic commercial banks, seven Islamic banking units, and seven Islamic rural banks operating in Indonesia. The social outcomes to be measured employ the social objectives and disclosure measures from the prevailing literature, combined with the Kinder, Lydenberg, Domini Research and Analytics index of corporate social performance, the United Nations’ 17 Sustainable Development Goals and five Environment Social Governance Scorecards developed by Oikocredit, a global cooperative and social investor group.FindingsSocial failure evident in all Islamic rural banks and half of all Islamic commercial banks, but in only one of the seven Islamic bank units where most banks appear to pursue social outcomes at the accommodative level (accepting and doing all that is required). A social outcome-weighted asset formulation reveals Islamic banking has improved in meeting its social objectives over time, but sometimes at the cost of other objectives relating to the environment and customers.Research limitations/implicationsSingle-country context for analysis and limited period of analysis given rapid growth of industry and less stringent reporting requirements in the past.Practical implicationsIslamic banking in Indonesia needs to continue to improve its social outcomes, particularly in relation to the environment and customer benefits.Social implicationsEmphasis on banking supervisory bodies to regulate and provide incentives for the industry to address the social issues upon which consumer support, industry efforts and regulation draws.Originality/valueFew existing studies investigate the social dimension of Islamic banking, not least in Indonesia. Novel quantitative and qualitative application of content analysis.