Bandwidth Of Microstrip Antenna Research Articles

Ultra-Wideband Antennas for Wireless Communication Applications

A review paper concerning wide-band and ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas used for wireless communication purposes in terms of the materials as well as a numerical analysis is presented. These antennas which are taken into account are listed as wide-band microstrip antenna, wide-band monopole antenna over a plate, wide-slot UWB antenna, stacked patch UWB antenna, taper slot (TSA) UWB antenna, metamaterial (MTM) structure UWB antennas, elliptical printed monopole UWB antenna, and flexible wearable UWB antenna. The antennas’ performance is compared based on their size and how they can be applicable for portable communication device applications. This review paper furnishes a proper direction to select varieties of figures in terms of impedance bandwidth, gain, directivity, dimensions, time domain characteristics, and materials affecting these antenna’s characteristics.

Wideband Microstrip Dipole Antenna Design for WLAN/WiMAX Applications

Recently, microstrip antennas are preferred in all areas of wireless communication, due to their advantages such as low volume coverage, light weight, surface compatibility, high cost requirements and easy production etc. The main disadvantage of these antennas is their narrow band performance (~11%). In the literature, there are some wideband microstrip antenna designs. These broadband characteristics are obtained by changing the antenna geometry or by adding new parasitic patches to the antenna elements. In this study, a classical wideband microstrip dipole antenna (MDA) design which can be used in WLAN/WiMAX applications (covering the bands 2.4–2.5 GHz and 2.5–3.5 GHz) is introduced. The proposed antenna has a pair of twisted strip which are placed asymmetrically near the feed of the dipole element with a length of 52 mm (~λ/2). Also a pair of square loop elements is placed on a sublayer. The proposed MDA has a resonance between 2.06-3.72 GHz with a bandwidth of 57%. The antenna has a directive radiation pattern with a gain of 6.49-3.98 dBi.

Low-cost Vector Network Analyzer for Biomedical Applications

A low-cost and portable vector network analyzer (VNA) which covered operating frequency between 1MHz to 3GHz is used for vector reflection coefficient and standing wave ratio (swr) of the various microstrip antennas. This paper presents measurements of various ultra wideband (uwb) microstrip antennas for applications in biomedical field. Selection of antenna is an important key for detection of different situations in biological signals. Measurements of antennas were performed by using miniVNA Tiny which operates by radiating an electromagnetic wave through an antenna and measuring standing wave ratio (swr) and return loss. However, the miniVNA Tiny is low-cost components and easy-to-produce antennas. The results indicate the good performance for UWB systems, especially microwave medical imaging applications. However, this device may enable for a low cost stepped-frequency system for use in tissue spectroscopy, field monitoring, and potentially in breast tumor detection.

Low-Profile and Wideband Microstrip Antenna Using Quasi-Periodic Aperture and Slot-to-CPW Transition

In this communication, we propose a new type of compact and wideband coplanar waveguide (CPW)-fed microstrip antenna. Very different from traditional microstrip antennas, the proposed design has the quasi-periodic radiating aperture fed through the slot-to-CPW transition. By optimizing the geometry of the quasi-periodic aperture and the slot-to-CPW transition, the fundamental TM10 mode and antiphase TM20 mode can be efficiently excited, coupled, and matched over a broad bandwidth. We have fabricated and characterized the proposed antenna, and found a good agreement between measurement and simulation results. Our experimental results show that despite the antenna has a thickness of only $0.052\lambda _{0}$ ( $\lambda _{0}$ is the free-space wavelength at the center frequency), it exhibits a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 36.5% (3.96–5.73 GHz), a 3 dB gain bandwidth of 35.4% (4–5.72 GHz), and a maximum available gain of 10.45 dBi. Our findings may offer a feasible solution to realize wideband microstrip antennas using a single-layer substrate, with unique merits, such as low profile, low cost, and ease of fabrication.

A novel circularly polarized gap-coupled wideband antenna with DGS for X/Ku-band applications

ABSTRACTIn this paper, a novel design of circularly polarized gap-coupled wideband microstrip antenna with defected ground structure is presented. This antenna consists of gap-coupled C-shaped radiators and orthogonally slits defect in the ground plane. The measured –10-dB impedance bandwidth (IBW) and 3-dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of the proposed antenna are 57.33% (8.46–15.26 GHz) and 28.64% (9.78–13.05 GHz), respectively. The measured gain ranges from 3.83 to 3.76 dBi in entire 3-dB ARBW with a peak gain of 4.08 dBi. The prototype of the antenna is practically fabricated and tested.

Design, fabrication, and test of a novel broadband dual-polarized microstrip antenna for WLAN applications

AbstractA dual-polarized dual-layer wideband microstrip antenna is presented. Dual orthogonal linear polarization and enhanced isolation between two ports are achieved by employing two radiating patches perpendicular to each other and printed on two separate substrates. Broadband behavior of the antenna is realized by using two wideband double-sided printed strip dipole and angular ring as radiating patches along with wideband baluns as feeding system. The patches are connected to baluns with two separate twin-lead transmission lines. Moreover, to improve the impedance bandwidth of the strip dipole significantly, a diamond-shape parasitic patch is artily incorporated into the top side of the upper layer of the antenna. The proposed antenna can easily be employed in large-scale arrays thanks to the feeding system of the patches. A prototype is fabricated to verify the simulation results where the measurement results show the −10 dB impedance bandwidths of 40% (4.3–6.5 GHz) and 43% (4.2–6.5 GHz) at port #1 and port #2, respectively. Besides, the isolation between two ports and the radiation gain are obtained around 35 dB and 9 dBi, respectively, which are useful for WLAN applications.

Miniaturized Wideband Microstrip Antenna for Recent Wireless Applications

In this paper, a pentagon slot inside fractal circular patch microstrip resonator to design compact antenna over partial ground plane is introduced using 3rd iteration of adopted fractal geometry. This antenna is modeled on FR4 substrate with a size of (20 x 18) mm2, thickness of 1.5mm, permittivity of 4.3 and loss tangent of 0.02. The used type of feeding is microstrip line feed. It is designed to operate at wide frequency range of (4.5-9.3) GHz at resonant frequencies of 5.7GHz and 7.9GHz with impedance bandwidth of 4.8 GHz. Both lengths of ground plane Lg and width of feed line Wf are optimized in order to acquire optimum bandwidth. The simulated return loss values are -33 and -41 dB at two resonant frequencies of 5.7 and 7.9 GHz with gain of 3.2 dB. The simulated results offered noteworthy compatibility with measured results. Also, the proposed wideband microstrip antenna has substantial compactness that can be integrated within numerous wireless devices and systems.

A Compact Inverted Y Slot Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antenna for Bluetooth Applications

<p>In this paper a compact and slotted rectangular microstrip antenna is designed at 3.00GHz frequency and it is loaded by inverted Y slot so that the bandwidth of microstrip antenna is improved upto 36.30%. The area of radiating patch for 3.00GHz frequency is 711.36mm<sup>2</sup>.The proposed antenna design has frequency band in the frequency range 2.097GHz to 3.030GHz. The proposed antenna is resonating at 2.45GHz and area of radiating patch at this frequency is 1077.97mm<sup>2</sup>. Hence the size of antenna is reduced by 34% corresponding to resonance frequency 2.45GHz. This frequency band is suitable for Bluetooth and other wireless communication applications. The proposed slotted microstrip antenna is directly feed by 50Ω microstrip line feed. The proposed antenna is simulated by IE3D simulation software based on method of moments.<em></em></p>

Four-element lens array antenna for advanced point-to-(multi)point high-bandwidth wireless communication

The aim of this work is to propose a wideband high-gain four-element (2 × 2) lens array antenna with operating frequency in an important region of the electromagnetic spectrum which is key for next-generation high-rate communication. Frequency- and time-domain methods were used to analyze the antenna, with time-domain simulations being preferred. The antenna design started from a basic wideband microstrip antenna on Rogers RO 4350 substrate. Next, to increase the basic antenna gain, a dielectric half-sphere lens was used. Subsequently, the lens antenna was utilized as an array element to form the proposed four-element array antenna. The proposed array antenna exhibited fractional bandwidth of 98.8 % from 34.4 to 101.6 GHz with maximum gain of 16.9 dB at 101.5 GHz. Interesting computational results are presented and discussed in terms of run time, maximum utilized memory, and number of mesh cells for each development step of the antenna. Finally, the antenna was mounted on top of a 24-pin integrated circuit (IC); its three-dimensional (3D) radiation pattern at 60 GHz is presented and discussed.

Metamaterial-embedded dual wideband microstrip antenna for 2.4 GHz WLAN and 8.2 GHz ITU band applications

ABSTRACTA compact dual-band antenna designed for operating in IEEE 802.11b/g WLAN (2.4–2.484 GHz) and ITU frequency bands (8.01–8.5 GHz) is presented in this communication. The antenna has two distinct resonant modes generated with the help of three U-shaped transmission lines and a modified ground plane. A periodic repeating pattern of metamaterial unit cells integrated on the same plane of the substrate has enhanced the antenna performances using improved loading method. The measured bandwidth of the metamaterial-embedded antenna is increased by 16% in the lower operating band and 6% in the upper operating band. The compact proposed antenna provides wide measured bandwidths of about 40% (2–3 GHz) in the lower and 16% (8.19–9.63 GHz) in the upper frequency spectra. The maximum measured gain of the proposed antenna is increased around 3.63 dB at 2.36 GHz and 1 dB at 8.45 GHz. The proposed antenna radiator is about 89.6% compact with respect to a conventional antenna. An excellent agreement of the simulation with the benchmark results validates the design of the proposed structure.

Low profile microstrip fed printed antenna for portable RF energy harvesting system

This work presents, a printed wideband microstrip antenna that can be used for portable RF energy harvesting applications. The antenna is designed, simulated and validated using 3D electromagnetic HFSS simulator. The targeted frequency band of operations are from 0.825 GHz to 1.05 GHz for catering GSM/3G wireless applications. Following the antenna design in the HFSS software, the structure has been fabricated on low cost substrate FR4 and the structure performance is analyzed experimentally. The achieved wideband, omni directional patterns with constant gain monopole antenna can be suitable for all portable system applications.

A Broadband Impedance-Matching Method for Microstrip Patch Antennas Based on the Bode-Fano Theory

Abstract Considering the narrow bandwidth of microstrip antennas, but also their applicability in upcoming technologies, this paper addresses the problem of wide-band matching, the theoretical bounds on the matching bandwidth and low-cost and low-complexity matching strategies. In this context the Bode-Fano bounds of single mode, linearly polarized aperture-coupled microstrip antennas is evaluated, optimized and compared to the theoretical bounds on matching bandwidth of other common feeding technologies. A detailed study of the input impedance of aperture-coupled patch antennas shows how to widen the Fano bounds. Based on this, a straight-forward and effective method to optimize the Fano bound is given. After optimization of the antennas input impedance, basic matching techniques can be applied, to exploit the enlarged bandwidth potential. As an example a $\lambda/4$-transformer as matching element is proposed. Design equations and simulation and measurement results of X-band prototypes are given as verification.

Miniaturised printed monopole antenna with a linked ground plane and radiator

A novel miniature wideband microstrip antenna is presented. The proposed miniature design is achieved by exploiting the idea of a quasi-radiator. Here, a part of the radiator is connected to the ground plane through a shorting pin or via. The proposed antenna achieves a starting frequency of 1.8 GHz with a small antenna area of 20 mm2. An electrical size of 0.05λ is realised leading to a miniaturised design. The proposed antenna is broadband, compact, and produces stable radiation patterns.

Low-Profile and Wideband Microstrip Antenna With Stable Gain for 5G Wireless Applications

A low-profile microstrip antenna with stable radiation pattern in a relatively wide band is presented for 5G operation. Four resonant modes with different frequencies are integrated in a single structure to enhance the bandwidth with stable gain, and well matched by introducing the folded walls. An impedance bandwidth of 58.3% has been achieved from 2.84 to 5.17 GHz with a compact structure of ${\text{0.84}}\lambda _{0}\,\times \,{\text{0.68}}\lambda _{0}\,\times \,{\text{0.06}}\lambda _{0}$ , where $\lambda _{0}$ is the free-space wavelength at the center frequency of 4 GHz. The measurement results show that the proposed antenna is with the merits of average gain of 5 dBi, stable radiation patterns, low cross polarization, and low backlobes, exhibiting potentially use for the applications of 5G wireless communication systems.

Wideband microstrip antenna array with simultaneously low sidelobe level in both sum and difference patterns

An X-band microstrip antenna array is fully designed. A multilayer structure is chosen for the antenna and the radiating elements are fed by the aperture-coupled patch technique. A mono-pulse feeding network is also designed which distributes the power to the radiating elements in a way that low sidelobe level is created in the sum pattern and both difference patterns. The measurement and simulation results coincide well in the whole bandwidth.

A Wideband Microstrip Array Design Using RIS and PRS Layers

In this letter, a wideband microstrip antenna (MSA) array using reactive impedance surface (RIS) and partially reflecting surface (PRS) is proposed. The antenna with RIS and PRS provides wider impedance bandwidth (BW), less gain variation, and further miniaturization compared to antenna with single RIS. The proposed antenna provides 24.3% impedance bandwidth, which covers the frequency band from 5.14 to 6.56 GHz. Maximum gain of 12.5 dBi with less than 1.1 dB gain variation over three individual bands viz. 5.15–5.35 GHz (ISM), 5.725–5.875 GHz (ISM), and 5.9–6.4 GHz (satellite uplink) is achieved. Broadside radiation patterns have sidelobe level (SLL) 20 dB. The overall antenna dimensions are 1.55 λ 0 × 1.55 λ 0 × 0.11 λ 0, where λ 0 is the free-space wavelength corresponding to 5.85 GHz, central frequency of the operating frequency band. The structure is fabricated and tested, and the measured results agree with simulation results.

Analysis of Wideband Microstrip Antenna based Spectrum Occupancy Measurement Campaign for Cognitive Radio Application

Frequency scarcity due to demand of bandwidth in wireless communication can be resolved by knowledge of spectrum occupancy. Therefore different measurement campaigns were conducted for spectrum occupancy worldwide. It has been observed that large numbers of bands is underutilized. These bands can be utilized by a secondary user without interference. In this paper, Spectrum utilization has determined by conducting a campaign for measurement of spectrum occupancy in the Solapur city, India for 0.7 to 2.4 GHz frequency region. As per the analysis, Telecom cellular service band has highest spectrum occupancy while aeronautical radio, fixed satellite doesn’t have any utilization. Total average spectrum occupancy is 15.77%. These results are obtained by using circularly polarized wideband microstrip antenna in place of commercially available antennas for measurement campaign, which shows good agreement with occupancy results but with lower system complexity. The results propose that Solapur city would be a better choice for deployment of cognitive radio as emerging technology to share the unoccupied spectrum.

Multi probes measurements at the PALS Facility Research Centre during high intense laser pulse interactions with various target materials

During the interaction of high intense laser pulse with solid target, a large amount of hot electrons is produced and a giant Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) is generated due to the current flowing into the system target–target holder, as well as due to the escaping charged particles in vacuum. EMP production for different target materials is investigated inside and outside the target chamber, using monopole antenna, super wide-band microstrip antenna and Moebius antenna. The EMP consists in a fast transient magnetic field lasting hundreds of nanosecond with frequencies ranging from MHz to tens of GHz. Measurements of magnetic field and return target current in the range of kA were carried out by an inductive target probe (Cikhardt J. et al. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 85 (2014) 103507).

Design of Compact Monopole Antenna using Double U-DMS Resonators for WLAN, LTE, and WiMAX Applications

This paper presents a novel wide-band microstrip antenna using tow symmetrical U-slots in the patch. The presented antenna occupies small size of 30 × 40 × 0.8 mm 3 which printed on an FR-4 substrate with a dielectric constant 4.3. A gap is printed on the ground plane to provide a better performance of the proposed antenna. The antenna covers the range of 2.1711 to 4.0531 GHz. The antenna can be easily fed using a 50 Ω Microstrip line feed, and it is suitable for WLAN, LTE and WiMAX applications. The Antenna structure is designed and optimized by using Computer Simulation Technology (CST) software

Bandwidth enhancement of microstrip antenna loaded by parasitic zeroth‐order resonators

ABSTRACTNew zeroth‐order resonators (ZORs) were utilized as parasitic elements to enhance bandwidth of microstrip antenna. By utilizing one, two and three resonators, extra corresponding numbers of resonances were generated. Then, by merging the resonances of the resonators with that of the microstrip antenna, the measured impedance bandwidth can be increased from 56 MHz of the reference microstrip antenna to 101, 120, and 133 MHz of the ZORs loaded antennas. As the ZOR is very small (approximately λ0/10), the antenna area ratio of the proposed bandwidth enhanced antennas to the referenced microstrip antenna (RMA) is only approximately 1.33. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:1096–1100, 2017