Bandung Metropolitan Area Research Articles

Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation Integration into Peri-Urban Development Planning: A Case Study of Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia

Rapid urbanization and frequent climate-related disasters are challenging issues in peri-urban areas. The integration process of disaster risk reduction (DRR) and climate change adaptation (CCA) into development planning is very essential in order to minimize the impacts and risks. This study attempts to assess to which extent the local government in peri-urban area has considered the significance of DRR and CCA integration into its development plan. This study focuses on flood disaster under climate change and peri-urban development. South Bandung Area, which is part of Bandung Metropolitan Area, is selected as a case study particularly the area along the river in the downstream of the Citarum River. Content analysis was conducted. The findings found that the integration process into development plan is not much strong. Although, the attention on the disaster has been mentioned. One of the challenges is the lack of policy direction of DRR and CCA into local development planning. Lack of understanding and law enforcement can be the drivers of this situation in peri-urban areas.

Phosphorus load concentration in tropical climates reservoir for each water quantity class

AbstractSaguling Reservoir has a potential to be used as a raw water supply for Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA), with the discharge of 1.622 dm·s−1. However, further studies are needed to ensure that the water quality is in accordance with the government regulations. This study shows that the reservoir’s P concentration was 315.0 mg·m−3 on average in 1999–2013. This value only meets the class III of government standards of water quality for the cultivation of freshwater fish, livestock, and to irrigate landscaping, but does not belong to the class I standard of 200 mg·m−3 for drinking water. The total-P concentration in wet, normal, and dry years was 796.3, 643.8, and 674.8 mg·m−3, respectively. The pollution load was highest in wet years due to the high levels of sediment. The pollution load of the reservoir did not exceed the class III classification of 29 405.01 kg·year−1. The pollution load in wet, normal, and dry years was 38 790.1, 25 991.9, and 23 929.0 kg·year−1, respectively. The phosphorus pollution is caused by the use of floating net cages in the reservoir, which makes it difficult to meet the standards. In wet years, the pollution load was higher than in normal and dry years. The P load could be higher in the wet season due to dilution and could probably decrease the pollutant concentration in the reservoir.

Alternative Intake Station in Saguling Reservoir for The Needs of Raw Water in Bandung Metropolitan Area

Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) region is the upper watershed of Citarum with an area of ± 2338 km2. The status carried by BMA as a National Strategic Area from the perspective of economic encourage the increasing migration flows to BMA. These circumstances lead to an imbalance between supply and demand, in which on the one hand, demand for clean water is increasing. The potency of Saguling Reservoir as an alternative of raw water of BMA region in terms of quantity in this research was determined based on the determination of mainstay discharge. In this study, the intake site selection 11 monitoring posts will be carried out by reviewing the concentration of all parameters in Government Regulation No. 82 Year 2001 on any division of discharge grade using 5-grade Makov Discrete method (very dry, dry, normal, wet and very wet). In addition, the calculation of the value of Water Quality Index (WQI) was done at each monitoring station for each division of discharge grade that has been done. The series of data flow and concentration parameters used in this study start from the year 1999 to 2014. The allocation of raw water discharge calculation for Saguling Reservoir in order to fulfill the needs of raw water in Bandung Metropolitan Area is 46,92m3/second (R5 dry for irrigation raw water supply and 29,53 92 m3/second (R10 dry for drinking water supply). Based on the assessment of the concentration of measured parameters and determination of Water Quality Index, it can be found that around Muara Ciminyak location is the most qualified location to be used as drinking raw water intake for Bandung Metropolitan Area. Based on this study, it also notes that the determination of the concentration of pollutant parameters needs to be done on the each division of discharge grade occurred.

Application of gis on determination of flood prone areas and critical arterial road network by using chaid method in bandung area

Floods in Bandung area often occur when the rainfall is high then the water volume exceed the capacity of Citarum watershed. Floods cause economic and social losses. The purpose of this research is to get the GIS application model in the estimation of puddle area and road network in Bandung Metropolitan Area has disturbed.Geospatial map preparation methodology used statistical data from 11041 flood points, which divided into two groups, 7729 flood points to estimate the decision tree model and 3312 flood points to validate the model. The process of making flood vulnerability maps is approached by Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detection (CHAID) method, and validation using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) method. Validation results in the area under the curve with a value of 93.1% for success rate and 92.7% for the prediction level.Chaid result is class 0 - 0,047 covering 76,68% area; Grades of 0.047-0.307 include 5.37%; Grades 0.307 - 0.599 (Low) covering 5.36%; Grades 0.599 to 0.4444 include 5.31% and grade 0.844-1 (high) covering 7.27% of the research area. Flood-prone road network is Link from Rancaekek (Area of PT Kahatex), link from Solokan Jeruk (Cicalengka-Majalaya), Link Baleendah, and linkDayeuhkolot (M.Toha - Andir)

Analysing the complexity of day-to-day individual activity-travel patterns using a multidimensional sequence alignment model: A case study in the Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia

Using a panel regression model and a multidimensional three-week household time-use and activity diary, this study analyses the complexity of the day-to-day variability in individuals' activity-travel patterns by applying a multidimensional sequence alignment model. It is found that the variability between weekend and weekday pairs is much greater than between weekday-weekday pairs or weekend-weekend pairs. The variability of other household members' activity-travel patterns is found to significantly influence an individual's activity-travel patterns. The results also show that the variability in the activity-travel patterns of workers and students is greater when conducting a particular discretionary activity on weekdays. Due to performing discretionary activities more often and for longer, non-workers tend to have more predictable activity-travel patterns. Undertaking multitasking activities within different activities on weekdays significantly impacted the different degrees of variability in an individual's activity-travel patterns. Having different health and built environment characteristics also corresponds with different degrees of predictability of the activity-travel patterns, particularly in the worker/student case.

Urban Agglomeration and Extension in Northern Coast of West Java: A Transformation into Mega Region

In the past decade, at least three neighbouring metropolitan areas in the northwestern part of the island have been merging with each other: Jakarta Metropolitan Area (Jabodetabek), Bandung Metropolitan Area (Bandung Raya), and Cirebon Metropolitan Area (Ciayumajakuning). It is expected to be the first island-based mega-conurbation. This paper explores the potential emergence of mega region as a ground study, where mega region can be used for economic, logistic, transportation development. Authors use scoring analysis from economic and demographic indicators. The outcomes found a new and larger formation of city-region in the northern coast road networks (Pantura) – specifically western part of Java Island.

Water Governance for Urban Resilience Analysis of Key Factors and the Role of Stakeholders in Metropolitan Area

Water governance is critical for water security and as enabling condition to achieve urban resilience. Water governance involves multi-actor, multi-sector and multi-level. Water governance system is the foundation for all stakeholders involved in water management in urban areas. Clarity of roles and responsibilities of each actor and coordination at all levels can help to meet the goals of urban water security to be more efficient, effective and inclusive. This article highlights the current water governance in a metropolitan area with level analysis on policy, organizational and operational. This is a multidisciplinary perspective of environmental science and public policy. Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) is chosen as a case study. Data and information gathered from secondary sources. The output is an initial baseline of water governance in BMA including key factors shaping water governance and role of stakeholder. This result will be used for the further research on dynamic and adaptive governance on the urban water sector.

Time Use Distribution and Immobility Behaviour across Three Weeks Observation Period in the Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia

Time Use Distribution and Immobility Behaviour across Three Weeks Observation Period in the Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia

Trophic Status Assessment of Saguling Reservoir, Upper Citarum Basin, Indonesia

This study examined the water quality of Saguling Reservoir as potential raw water for Bandung metropolitan area. Determination of water quality in this study consisted of trophic status determination based on total phosphorus, total nitrogen (ammonia and nitrate), and water clarity. Data were obtained 4 times a year for 16 years (1999-2013). We determined the overall water quality status by comparing data with criteria specified in Ministerial Regulation (Permen) of the Environment Number 28 of 2009 on the Water Pollution Load Capacity of Lakes or Reservoirs. Data from 11 stations were analyzed, which indicated a hypertrophic state with very high pollution. Nanjung Post (upstream of the reservoir) had the highest levels of total P, total N, and chlorophyll a compared with the Muara Ciminyak Post and Muara Intake Post (the middle and downstream regions of the reservoir). Seasonal changes had no effect on the trophic status, regardless of dry, normal, or wet conditions.

On complexity and variability of individuals\u2019 discretionary activities

Using a hierarchical structured equation model and a multi-dimensional 3-week household time-use and activity diary conducted in Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia, this study investigated the interaction among individuals’ non-instrumental variables, time space (such as their day-to-day time duration of activity participation, socio-demographics and built environment), and health factors on individuals’ day-to-day discretionary activities. The results show that individuals’ subjective characteristics and day-to-day time–space components significantly influence decision making processes to participate in certain activities, particularly grocery shopping. Integration between subjective factors and day-to-day time duration of activity participation also reveals how an individual categorises a particular behaviour as routine, planned or impulsive. For example, grocery shopping is a planned behaviour with real consequences (e.g. starving). Appearing as a strong commitment and intention enables individuals to allocate time to engage in this activity. Thus, given the individual’s time–space constraints, there may be a regular trade-off between frequency and duration. On the other hand, out-of-home social-recreational activity is a less urgent/impulsive activity and depends far more on an individual’s day-to-day time–space constraints than his/her subjective characteristics. If the situation on the given day is not feasible for him/her to undertake the out-of-home social recreational activity, he/she is more likely to re-schedule the activity. The study results also show that land use configuration and perceived accessibilities influence individuals’ discretionary activity participation.

DETEKSI PERUBAHAN PENGGUNAAN LAHAN DENGAN CITRA LANDSAT DAN SISTEM INFORMASI GEOGRAFIS: STUDI KASUS DI WILAYAH METROPOLITAN BANDUNG, INDONESIA

Land use change becomes one of the significant issues for planners and decision makers in urban and regional policy. Data, information, and tool sometimes turn to be a burden in the process of detection of land use change. It is expected that increasing of accessibility presently will be straightforward to conduct the land use change detection. This study aims to demonstrate the land use detection with data and tool that are available. Landsat images and Geographical Information System (GIS) analysis are used to detect land use change in the urban area of Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) in Indonesia in three periods, which are 1979, 2006, and 2014. Land use change of BMA is identified through satellite images of Landsat MSS 1979, Landsat TM 2006, and Landsat OLI 2014, and the use of GIS for analyzing the land use classification. Based on the results, expansion of urban area has been increasing. Development of settlement area is more growing, and forest land is significantly declining. The interesting result is the increasing of industrial and commercial areas. It indicates that most land use is changing from non-built up area to built up one, and urban area is sprawling to the surroundings. It gives a challenge for urban area development of BMA. Planners and policy makers take part in an important role to keep the urban area developing in a sustainability way.© 2015 GJGP UNDIP. All rights reserved.

Increasing the Infrastructure Access of Low-Income People in Peri-Urban of Bandung Metropolitan Area

Urbanization process occurred enormously in the last decade that increased urban population significantly. Rapid development caused by that process cannot be accommodated only by the core areas, particularly in the context of land availability. Facing this reality, peri-urban areas have been growing immensely. Peri-urban areas are those areas located beyond the core areas growth boundary and surrounded by the rural areas; therefore these areas are called as a gray area or transition region. Huge development of this area is one of the impacts of massive development of formal housing equipped by various types of infrastructure on one side without considering the existing infrastructure. On the other hand, the development of peri-urban area cannot be separated from growing numbers of informal housing for low-income groups who do not have access to the land in the core areas. Informal housings are generally not served by basic infrastructure. Infrastructure provision for low income people in peri-urban areas is not only generated by the problem of their economic condition, but also the problem of density, availability of land, and policy. That condition necessarily requires a scheme of specific solution for delivering basic infrastructure provision for those low-income groups in peri-urban area. The aim of this paper is formulating a model/scheme of basic infrastructure provision for low-income groups in peri-urban of Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) in order to increase community access to basic infrastructure. Method chosen in this study is descriptive and comparative analysis. This study recommends community-based model to be implemented in delivering infrastructure services for low-income groups.

Collecting a multi-dimensional three-weeks household time-use and activity diary in the Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia

This paper describes a comprehensive panel data collection and analysis at household level, including detailed travel behaviour variables and comprehensive in-home and out-of-home activities, individual cognitive habits and affective behaviours, the rate of physical activity, as well as health related quality of life (QoL) information in the Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) of Indonesia. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to collect an individual’s activity diary over an extended period as it captures the multi-tasking activities and multidisciplinary factors that underlie individual activity-travel patterns in a developing country. Preliminary analyses of the collected data indicate that different beliefs, anticipated emotions, support and attachment to motorised modes significantly correlate with different groups of occupation, gender, age, activity participation, multi-tasking activities, and physical health, but not with different social and mental health. This finding highlights the reason why implementing car reduction policies in Indonesia, without breaking or changing the individual’s habits and influencing his/her attitudes have not been fruitful. The results also show that endorsing more physical activities may result in a significant reduction in the individual’s motorised mode use, whilst individuals who demonstrate a tendency to use their spare time on social activities tend to have better social health conditions. Furthermore, undertaking multi-tasking out-of-home discretionary activities positively correlates with better physical health. All these highlight the importance of properly understanding and analysing the complex mechanisms that underlie these fundamental factors that shape individual daily activity-travel patterns in developing countries. This type of multidisciplinary approach is needed to design better transport policies that will not only promote better transport conditions, but also a healthier society with a better quality of life.

The Potential of Transit-Oriented Development (TOD) and its Opportunity in Bandung Metropolitan Area

Development of TOD is done partially in Bandung Metropolitan Area. The transportation system development plans and the spatial plans are not the basis of TOD development. The research problem in this study is the prerequisite of TOD which is still not clearly identified, many transportation plans that exist, as well as the existing plans that have not yet determined the location points of TOD. Therefore, this study aims to identify some locations which have potential and opportunity as TOD in Bandung Metropolitan Area. The research approach is a qualitative approach, consisting of descriptive approach and prescriptive approach. The result of this study reveals that there are several locations having potential and opportunity as TOD, but there are some constraints on the location. There is a location that has been planned as a TOD area, but it does not meet the development prerequisites of TOD. In addition, there are several locations that have opportunity to be developed as TOD, but some have conditional directives.

Extending Public Water Supply in Peri-Urban Area: Technical-Engineering, Economic, and Environmental Consideration

Peri-urban is a gray area between urban and rural areas. The big differences between the urban and rural areas are still not able to explain the circumstances and conditions required by people who live in the peri-urban areas, including the needs for infrastructure provision, particularly public water supply. The needs for the provision of clean water in peri-urban areas basically do not have any different from those communities in urban areas, yet the conditions are not as good as clean water infrastructure service in urban areas. PDAMs (Perusahaan Daerah Air Minum) in BMA (Bandung Metropolitan Area) as a local water enterprise only serves 8.91% of households living in peri-urban areas, while 48.24% of population in the urban areas has been already served by PDAM itself. An effort to extend public water services in peri-urban area faces a number of problems including technical-engineering, economic, and environmental issues. The purpose of this paper is to outline the technical-engineering, economic, and environmental issues in the expansion of public water services in peri-urban areas. The case study in this research is Bandung Metropolitan Area. Data used consist of secondary data. Technical-engineering aspect was analyzed through population density approach and economic aspect was analyzed by the means of willingness and ability to pay approach, while the environmental aspect was analyzed through the use of water resources at this time. The results showed that in terms of technical-engineering aspect and willingness to pay, it is not feasible to develop a public system, but in terms of ability to pay and environmental aspect, it is possible to develop public system. It is proposed to develop communal system to serve residents in densely populated cluster with proper tariff system. It is also recommended to control the individual water use.

Rejuvenating Idle Land to Sustainable Urban form: Case Study of Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia

In the urban sustainability context, there is a growing concern about social, economic, and environmental costs of sprawling urban development patterns.Idle landis one indicator of that sprawl. This paper aims to investigate the relation of urban physical growth to the expansion of idle land and its effects to the urban environment sustainability. This paper also examines the land rejuvenation as the method to manage the growth of idle lands in urban areas. This paper takes Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA), one of the metropolitan areas in Indonesia that has basin shape restricted to the urban physical expansion, as a case study. This paper uses system dynamic approach in simulating the behaviour of urban physical growth, the idle land expansions, and their effects to the urban carrying capacity. This research finds that the urban achieved more sustainable from the potential management of physically vacant lands, abandoned buildings, critical land management, increasing revenue, and reduced conflict. The simulation result also finds that BMA will not be sustainedwhen the population grows and continuously occupies the preservation and conservation lands (PCL) in outskirt as urban carrying capacity. It is especially in 2051 when PCLwill be reduced and continuously degrade under 30% of green area as spatial planning requirement, unless the rejuvenation of the idle lands is implemented as the interventions to manage this sprawl urban areas.By using idle land rejuvenation, urban will be more sustainable andpeople could live in high quality of urban environment.

Towards a Communicative City: Enhancing Urban Planning Coordination by the Support of Information and Communication Technology. Case Study Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia

Communicative city leads to the understanding of enhancing urban development performance by encouraging better interactive communication among development actors. This idea not only tries to provide better planning management in terms of governance system, but also planning engagement among development actors in terms of people centered development. This paper learns the preparedness of local governmental officials as forefront in planning decision making process, especially to utilize mobile technology in order to perform better planning performance. By emphasizing to the context of coordination in spatial planning process, appropriate technology in terms of mobile phone and internet connection have significant role in metropolitan's spatial planning process.Survey has been done to the governmental planning employees throughout regencies and autonomous cities within metropolitan Bandung, and found out that appropriate technology like mobile phone and internet connection plays as spatial planning support system and still can not be implemented to resolve spatial planning conflict in the spatial planning process that combine local and metropolitan governance concerns.

Bandung Urban Sprawl and Idle Land: Spatial Environmental Perspectives

This paper addresses the growth of the urban population resulting in sprawl urban form and its relationship to land abandonment (idle lands). Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA) in West Java was selected as a case study. Bandung urban topography is a shaped basin, thus has restrictions in the urban's physical growth. This research uses the Geographical Information System (GIS) approach to obtain urban land use patterns and the distribution of idle lands. The land use data were used the historical data from year 1991 to 2012. This paper discusses the impacts of the idle lands due to the urban sprawl, in the term of economic, ecological, and social aspects. This research found the number of idle lands scattered in various parts of the city. Based on these findings, the policy for managing urban development and the idle lands could be potentially improved.

Comparative Analysis of Choosing to Live in Gated Communities: A Case Study of Bandung Metropolitan Area

Nowadays, most of the new housing developments in Bandung metropolitan area are gated communities. These gated communities usually built on a relatively small plot of land with the size of the development smaller than 2 hectares, with a small number of housing units. This study attempts to compare households’ preferences in two locations, urban and suburban areas of Bandung. This paper is a part of an ongoing thesis research which will describe the first phase of the research, which is qualitative exploration. The findings show there are differences between preferences of housing dwellers in urban and suburban location.

Choice of Metropolitan Transport Planning Process and Transport Authority Organization (Case of Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia)

Choice of Metropolitan Transport Planning Process and Transport Authority Organization (Case of Bandung Metropolitan Area, Indonesia)