Band Wireless Communication Research Articles

Multiband Full-Metal-Rimmed Antenna Design for Smartphones

In this letter, a multiband full-metal-rimmed antenna covering 10 frequency bands for personal wireless communication terminals is presented. The design antenna is based on simple and effective techniques that are used for metal-rimmed smartphone applications. The proposed antenna with full metal rim is designed on RO4350B substrate within the volume of 130 × 70 × 5 mm3. We employed RO4350B substrate with inserted vias as metal rim with height of 5 mm, which surrounds the inner circuit board. The circuit board substrate has a ground plane, which is connected to the metal rim via extended substrate patch. This connection divides the rim into two metal rim strips. The combination of these two strips allows the design to operate on 10 bands. Performing perturbation on the ground plane further adds more operating bands and makes the design an excellent candidate for multiband operation. The designed antenna can be used to serve on GSM850/900, GPS, DCS, PCS, UMTS, WiBro at 2.35 GHz, Bluetooth, ISM, SDM-B at 2.65 GHz, WiMAX at 3.5 GHz, and C-band at 4 GHz wireless communication bands. A prototype antenna was fabricated and tested for input reflection coefficient, radiation performances, antenna gain, and efficiency. The measured and simulated results have been presented and discussed.

Photonic Frequency Double-Mixing Conversion Over the 120-GHz Band Using InP- and Graphene-Based Transistors

InP-based high electron mobility transistors (InP-HEMTs) and graphene-channel FETs (G-FETs) are experimentally examined as photonic frequency converters for future broadband optical and wireless communication systems. Optoelectronic properties and three-terminal functionalities of the InP-HEMTs and G-FETs are exploited to perform single-chip photonic double-mixing operation over the 120 GHz wireless communication band. A 10 Gbit/s-class data signal on a 112.5 GHz carrier is mixed down to a 25 GHz IF band with an 87.5 GHz LO signal that is simultaneously self-generated from an optically injected photomixed beat note. The results suggest that the intrinsic channel of the G-FET can achieve a speed performance that is superior to that of an InP-HEMT having an equivalent device feature size. The reduction of the extrinsic parasitic resistances and the implementation of an efficient photo-absorption structure in the G-FET may allow a millimeter-wave and sub-THz photonic frequency conversion with a sufficiently high conversion gain for practical purposes.

Analysis of UWB communication over IEEE 802.15.3a channel by superseding lognormal shadowing by Mixture of Gamma distributions

In this paper, we calculate the bit error rate (BER) of the ultra-wide band (UWB) wireless communication system over IEEE 802.15.3a channel model by superseding the lognormal (LN) shadow fading distribution to the Mixture of Gamma (MG) distributions. In general, shadow fading is the effect of random fluctuation of received signal power around the mean path loss and it is modeled as LN distribution. In this work, we approximate the LN shadow fading distribution to the MG distributions, because of intractable, indefinite mathematical expression of the characteristic function (CF) and moment generating function (MGF) of the LN distribution, which are required to evaluate BER of the UWB communication system. To estimate the approximate MG distributions parameters, we use rth moment algorithm with least square non-linear curve fitting criteria. This work employs the L-fingers RAKE receiver which is needed to collect the total energy at the receiver in the UWB system. The results show that 5-MG distributions is the good fit for LN shadow fading distribution of the UWB communication system. The proposed analytical BER is closely matched to the simulated BER for all the four IEEE 802.15.3a channel models. It verifies the accuracy of the approximation considered in this BER analysis.

Experimental Demonstration of Microwave Power Transmission and Wireless Communication Within a Prototype Reusable Spacecraft

In this letter, a wireless sensor network system powered by microwave power transmission (MPT) technology within a prototype reusable spacecraft is proposed and evaluated. The evaluation was based on a 5.8 GHz, 50 W class MPT integrated with a 2.4 GHz band wireless communication system. Experiments to evaluate energy balance under 25 cm line-of-sight conditions and to test multi-sensor operation under non line-of-sight conditions within the prototype spacecraft, called a reusable vehicle test (RVT).

A compact broadband printed monopole antenna with U-shaped slit and rectangular parasitic patches for multiple applications

This paper presents a compact broadband printed monopole antenna with U-shaped slit in the partial ground plane and rectangular parasitic patches adjacent to the microstrip line for multiple applications. The optimal dimensions of the proposed antenna are 35 × 25 × 1.5 mm3 and is fabricated on commercially available low-cost FR4 substrate with εr = 4.3 and 0.025 loss tangent. Due to introduction of rectangular parasitic patches and U-shaped slit large bandwidth has been achieved. The impedance bandwidth (return loss, magnitude of S11 < 10 dB) of the proposed antenna is 139% (2.9–16.3 GHz). The proposed antenna covers ultra wide band applications, 5.2/5.8 GHz WLAN bands, 3.5/5.5 GHz WiMAX bands, X band (8–12 GHz), satellite communication, and other wireless communication services. The study shows that there is good agreement in simulated and measured results. Nearly stable radiation patterns have been obtained throughout the operating band. Antenna results and details are discussed and elaborated.

Discussion on the Application of Ultra Wide Band Wireless Communication Technology in the Coal Mine

Coal mine underground information management is a large-scale and complicated management process. The applications of modern management means of professional, industrialization, mechanization and informationization have provided sufficient basis of science and technology to the horizontal underground information management level. This paper has introduced the BS/model system to change the present situation of the existing enterprise staff information management which is not perfect. In this paper, the background and the significance in the coal mine management in ultra wide band wireless communication technology based on information management, put forward the purpose and the main content of the mode, function framework with underground staff information management information system and each module, finally the relevant discussion information system application has been made.

Dual‐band CPW‐fed slot antenna with a pair of hook‐shaped slits

ABSTRACTIn this article, we present a new dual‐band coplanar waveguide‐fed slot antenna for wireless communication systems. The proposed antenna is fabricated on an FR4 substrate with dielectric constant of 4.4. Configuration of the antenna structure consists of modified radiating stub with a pair of hook‐shaped slits and slotted ground plane where operates over a very wide bandwidth and improves the impedance matching. By cutting a pair of modified hook‐shaped slit at the radiating stub, a good dual‐band can be achieved. The measured impedance bandwidth of the proposed antenna for 10 dB return loss is from 1.75 to 2.42 GHz and 3.51 to 3.72 GHz, covering the major wireless communication bands like 1.8 GHz digital communication service, 1.9 GHz personal‐mobile communication service, 2.2 GHz universal mobile telecommunications system, 2.3 GHz wireless broadband, 2.4 GHz wireless local area network, 3.5 GHz worldwide interoperability for microwave access, and so forth. Simulated and experimental results obtained for this antenna show that the proposed slot antenna has a good radiation behavior. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:172–174, 2015

Design of 4G Antenna for Mobile Handset

A compact multiband planar antenna is designed for mobile phone applications in this paper. A planar monopole antenna into distributed radiating elements has designed to obtain good antenna performance. The proposed antenna is combined of a chopped circular radiator with a meander line and an L-strip coupled element which is an extension of the ground plane. A chopped circular patch and L-shaped coupling strip generates lower band and separate radiator and meander lines generates upper band. A planar structure has dimensions as 17.6 × 56 mm. Such a planar structure has printed on circuit board. Antenna covers wireless communication bands as LTE 750, GSM 850, GSM 900, DCS 1700, UMTS-2110, and UWB 3100. The designed antenna performance has checked with the help of IE3D simulation software. The proposed antenna has designed and tested practically. General Terms Microstrip patch antenna, Mobile communication, Multiband antenna.

A SiGe HBT low noise amplifier using on-chip notch filter for K band wireless communication

In this paper a new notch filter topology has firstly been described. In order to improve the input match as well as enhance the gain on the operating frequency of 20.5GHz, extra capacitor has firstly been added in the passive base-collector notch filter forming a new scheme, eliminating the operating-frequency (op) input mismatch in formal base-collector notch filters. EM simulations have shown that the LNA obtained 14.1dB gain at 20.5GHz and high image-rejection ratio (IRR) of 33.5dB at image frequency of 15GHz, and S11 of -15dB was obtained compared to −8dB without notch filter at operating frequency, NF was below 5dB at gain peak frequency, power consumption was 18mW at 3V voltage supply, and IIP3 was 3.43dBm ensuring a high linearity in SiGe bipolar process.

Compact 3D USB dongle monopole antenna for mobile wireless communication bands

Three-dimensional compact volume internal antenna for universal serial bus (USB) dongle that covers hexa operating bands is proposed in this paper. The volume of the proposed USB dongle is 15×20×4 mm3; it is based on two connected monopoles, one of them is semi-circular monopole ended by three unit cells of meander-line and the other is a bent monopole with four unit cells of high-impedance wire. The proposed antenna is realized on a printed circuit board to reduce the fabrication costs. The coupling between the antenna elements broadens the operating bandwidth, which includes most of the wireless commercial service bands, GSM850/GSM900/UMTS/GSM1800/GSM1900/WCDMA2100/802.11b/g/LTE2600 (824–2690 MHz) as well as 802.11a/n (5150–5825 MHz). The antenna's simulated and experimental results are in good agreement.

Hybrid Fractal Shape Planar Monopole Antenna Covering Multiband Wireless Communications With MIMO Implementation for Handheld Mobile Devices

A hybrid fractal shape planar monopole antenna covering multiple wireless communication bands is presented for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) implementation for handheld mobile devices. The proposed structure is the combination of Minkowski island curve and Koch curve fractals. It is placed with edge to edge separation of 0.16λ0 at 1.75 GHz. The T-shape strip is inserted and rectangular slot is etched at top side of ground plane, respectively to improve the impedance matching and isolation between the antennas. A measured impedance matching fractional bandwidths ( S11 ≤ -10 dB) are 14% from 1.65 GHz to 1.9 GHz for the band 1 and 80% from 2.68 GHz to 6.25 GHz for the band 2. Acceptable agreement is obtained between the simulated and measured antenna performance parameters. These characteristics demonstrate that the proposed antenna is an attractive candidate for handheld mobile devices.

Design of a Novel Compact Dualband Patch Antenna with Microstrip-Fed for Wireless Communication Bands

A novel compact dualband patch antenna with microstrip-fed is presented in this paper for wireless communication bands. The proposed antenna has small geometry with dimensions of W×L (20×30 mm2) and printed on commercially available FR-4 substrate. The basic radiating element of antenna is rectangular shape patch, which is printed on the top layer of the substrate. Radiating patch is exited by 50 Ω microstrip line. Ground plane is located on the bottom side of the substrate which is made defective by etching two T- shaped slots. This antenna yields two resonance frequency bands centred at 3.56 GHz and 5.11 GHz. The simulated -10 dB return loss shows that bandwidth for lower frequency band is 13.4% (3.28-3.76 GHz) and for upper frequency band is 10.7% (4.86-5.41 GHz). This prototype is well suitable for WiMAX and WLAN wireless applications. To understand the effect of the parameters on antenna performance a parametric study is also carried out.

Small Antennas: Miniaturization Techniques and Applications

Although small antenna designs and miniaturization techniques have been widely studied in recent years, there are still many challenging issues in small antenna applications and research. In this special issue, several small antennas have been proposed and discussed for wireless local area networks (WLANs), UHF band, multiple-input-multipleoutput (MIMO), long-term-evolution (LTE), and other wireless communication applications. These designed antennas are not only small in size but also able to provide high performance to meet the practical engineering requirements with respect to the impedance bandwidth and the radiation patterns. On the other hand, two horn antennas with enhanced performance were developed for modern wireless communication applications. One of the horn antennas was designed to obtain high gain, which was realized by the integration of a horn antenna into a microstrip antenna. The other horn antennawas presented for ultra-wideband (UWB) applications by the combination of a TEM horn antenna with a Vivaldi antenna together. Both of the proposed improved horn antennas have been verified that they have low profile and good performance. In addition, several compact antennas have been proposed and investigated to provide high efficiency antenna and low SAR, which are suitable for on-body and mobile communications.Motivated by the rapid developments of the microwave imaging, a right angle-bent monopole antenna has been built to obtain small size and low profile for microwave tomographic imaging application. In addition, a compact frequency selective surface (FSS) has been proposed based on the square loop aperture element. The designed FSS can give high polarization stability, angle stability, and smaller size in comparison with the previously proposed FSS structures. Beyond that, frequency reconfigurable antennas have also been proposed in this special issue formultifunction communication applications. Since each narrowband system should be provided a different antenna, a reconfigurable antenna can be operated in several narrowband by controlling its reconfigurable states, which is flexible and can reduce the cost for practical engineering applications. A reconfigurable antenna has been investigated by using MEMS to realize multiband antenna. Furthermore, the MEMS technique has been also exploited for minimizing the antenna by means of tunable capacitors. As for the optimization method and measurement techniques, an orthogonal design method was proposed to optimize roughly designed antennas. Additionally, a wideband differential-mode current injection testing techniquewas also presented based on directional coupling device. In this special issue, two adaptive signal processing algorithms have been developed for sparse channel estimation and virtual array antenna applications. Both of the proposed adaptive algorithms can provide higher performance compared with previous classical algorithm and can be further developed for applying in the antenna arrays.

Low-Profile UWB 2-Port Antenna With High Isolation

We present a collocated pair of antennas, operating from 700 to 2700 MHz. The antenna structure consists of two wideband dipole elements placed at height 0.093 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">low</sub> above a 0.47 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">low</sub> ×0.54 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">low</sub> ground plane. The dipoles achieve an isolation of about 40 dB using orthogonal polarization arrangement with resistive sheets (R-card) placed between the antenna pair. The configuration is suitable for sidewall mounting and is easy to fabricate with integrated baluns on a single two-sided printed circuit board (PCB). This antenna pair should be useful for multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) systems and simultaneous transmit/receive applications in several common wireless communication bands.

A Planar Dipole for Multiband Antenna Systems With Self-Balanced Impedance

In this letter, we present a multiframe L-slot planar dipole loaded with a single microstripline for multiband antenna systems. The multiband is achieved by creating a multiframe L-slot on a host dipole and also by loading the host dipole antenna with a single microstripline to generate a couple of shunts and series of capacitive gaps with an inductive strip, eventually forming LC-like resonators. The antenna supports several wireless communication bands including: LTE bands at 1.7 ~ 1.8 and 2.3 ~ 2.6 GHz; WLAN bands at 2.4 ~ 2.5, 5.2, and 5.8 GHz; WiBro/WiMAX bands at 3 ~ 4 GHz. In addition, to validate the multiband behaviors, we also proposed a simple equivalent circuit for the designed antenna in which biconical transmission lines were adopted to model the host dipole sections. The simulation, fabrication, and measurement of the proposed antenna were implemented. As a result, its reflection coefficients |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | were found to be better than -7 dB for most operating frequencies along with a sufficiently large bandwidth and good radiation patterns.

A Wideband Circularly Polarized Cross-Dipole Antenna

This letter introduces a wideband circularly polarized (CP) cross-dipole antenna fabricated on a double-layered printed circuit board (PCB) substrate for 2.45-GHz ISM band wireless communications. Unlike conventional cross-dipole antennas, the proposed cross dipole is designed with wide open ends such that both impedance and axial-ratio (AR) bandwidths are enhanced. In addition, to excite the CP radiation effectively, a curved-delay line providing an orthogonal phase difference among the cross-dipole elements is attached at the corners of the sequentially rotated elements. By choosing a proper radius of the curved-delay line, a wide input impedance of the antenna can be realized. The antenna is center-fed by a 50- Ω coaxial cable and is placed above a square reflector to obtain a directional CP radiation pattern. With the advantage of centered feed, symmetric CP radiation patterns can be achieved across the entire operating bandwidth. Simulated and measured results confirm the proposed antenna produced good CP characteristics. An impedance bandwidth (for VSWR ≤ 2) of about 50.2% (1.99-3.22 GHz) and the 3-dB AR bandwidth of about 27% (2.30-2.9 GHz) around the center frequency of 2.45 GHz were measured. The antenna has an average CP gain of 6.2 dBic across the operating bandwidth and the maximum gain of 6.8 dBic at the center frequency. The size of antenna is 0.45λ×0.45λ×0.24λ.

A routing framework for energy harvesting wireless nanosensor networks in the Terahertz Band

Wireless NanoSensor Networks (WNSNs) will allow novel intelligent nanomaterial-based sensors, or nanosensors, to detect new types of events at the nanoscale in a distributed fashion over extended areas. Two main characteristics are expected to guide the design of WNSNs architectures and protocols, namely, their Terahertz Band wireless communication and their nanoscale energy harvesting process. In this paper, a routing framework for WNSNs is proposed to optimize the use of the harvested energy to guarantee the perpetual operation of the WNSN while, at the same time, increasing the overall network throughput. The proposed routing framework, which is based on a previously proposed medium access control protocol for the joint throughput and lifetime optimization in WNSNs, uses a hierarchical cluster-based architecture that offloads the network operation complexity from the individual nanosensors towards the cluster heads, or nano-controllers. This framework is based on the evaluation of the probability of saving energy through a multi-hop transmission, the tuning of the transmission power of each nanosensor for throughput and hop distance optimization, and the selection of the next hop nanosensor on the basis of their available energy and current load. The performance of this framework is also numerically evaluated in terms of energy, capacity, and delay, and compared to that of the single-hop communication for the same WNSN scenario. The results show how the energy per bit consumption and the achievable throughput can be jointly maximized by exploiting the peculiarities of this networking paradigm.

Multi-Hop WiMAX Networks: A New Opportunistic Algorithm Using AMC and PUSC Mode for Different Mobility Users

Resource allocation algorithms play the main role in provisioning high throughput in broad band wireless communications. The previous studies in WiMAX networks have considered either AMC or PUSC techniques for the resource allocation algorithms. In this way, AMC based algorithms have presented high throughput for low speed users. Conversely, PUSC based algorithms have not been affected by users' speed, whilst the throughput is low. To date, the importance of presenting proportional fair and maintaining the network throughput for the users with different speeds has not been acknowledged yet. This paper presents a novel opportunistic algorithm which is suitable for the users with different mobility speeds. The new algorithm uses two modes of AMC and PUSC simultaneously. The simulation results reveal that in comparison to similar algorithms, the proposed algorithm presents more proportional fair throughput when there are both high and low speed users.

Design of Broadband Microstrip Patch Antenna with Ü– Slot

This paper presents a small size broadband microstrip patch antenna with U– slot for wireless communications bands. This new structure is fed by a fully coaxial feed. A parametric study of the proposed antenna is performed and the effect of the size of the slots on the return loss and radiation patterns, and gain have been investigated. The structure benefits from size reduction due to the use of coaxial feed. The bandwidth of microstrip patch antenna is increased significantly with this structure. Good radiation characteristics with less than -43 dB return loss are observed at 4.25 GHz resonant frequency. This antenna has applicable range of frequency from 3.66 GHz to 4.41 GHz. Having simple and small structure, it is expected to be used in several applications especially in the WLAN/WiMAX portable wireless devices.

&lt;sup&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;Medium Access Control Layer Design and Simulation for 802.16 System

In order to analyze transmission performance of broad band wireless communication system based on 802.16 protocol, address the key issues of QoS scheduling algorithm, and network congestion, etc, we present our design of WiMAX medium access control (MAC) layer based on 802.16 protocol in this paper. The implemented design comprises the service-specific convergence sub-layer (CS), the MAC common part sub-layer (CPS), a call admission control mechanism, and a scheduler. In the next simulation experiment, we tested the throughput and average delay of the system which we designed under the conditions in different time or number of clients. The design and simulation had provided a platform and foundation for further to improve the efficiency of bandwidth management algorithm, scheduling algorithm, QoS management, and enhancing the performance of WiMAX systems.