Banana Stem Fiber Research Articles

Adsorptive removal of lead ion from water using banana stem scutcher generated in fiber extraction process

Lignocellulosic biomass-based adsorbents for removal of heavy metal ions from water have been reported. Importantly, a solid biomass waste known as Banana Stem Scutcher (BSS) is generated in banana stem fiber (BSF) extraction from lignocellulosic rich banana stem (BS). Here, for the first time, we report BSS characterization, and its ability for adsorption of lead (Pb(II)) ion from water. The maximum adsorption capacity for Pb(II) ion removal by BSS was determined to be 179.9 mg g−1. BSS was recycled five times without any significant loss in adsorption performance. Pb(II) ion adsorption onto BSS is exothermic (ΔH = −70.55 kJ mol−1), and spontaneous (ΔG = −3.52 kJ mol−1 at 303 K) with energy of activation as, 95.95 kJ mol−1. Further, interaction between Pb(II) ion and functional groups of BSS was confirmed by XPS and FTIR results. The relative cellulose content in BSS (74.25%) was higher than the BS (57.85%), as well as BSF (60.36%). The higher accessible cellulosic content in BSS was proposed for the enhanced Pb(II) ion adsorption by BSS, compared to BS and BSF. The study highlights a low cost and chemical free, mechanical based treatment of biomass useful to produce effective biomass-based adsorbents for removal of metal ions.

Utilization of Reformed Coconut Fiber and Banana Stem Fibre as Green Oil Sorbent

ABSTRACT Oil spillage is one of the significant wellsprings of contamination. It can happen in both land and water. Their expulsion from marine and land environment is regularly difficult. This investigation considers the utilization of coconut and banana stem fibers as a feasible sorbent material for marine and land oil spill recuperation. Coconut and banana stem fibers have lumens, which increases their specific surface area available for oil sorption. These fibers are cheap and have low bulk density, which makes them reasonable for oil spill recuperation. Moisture content in coconut and banana stem fiber were found to be 4.44% and 5.44%, respectively. The oil sorption limit of coconut and banana stem fiber was improved by coating it with chitosan. The treated fibers showed a considerable enhancement in oil sorption capacity for coconut fiber (9.87%) and banana stem fiber (6.59%), according to the results. The characterization of the natural and coated fibers was completed utilizing scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Moisture content and oil sorption limit of the fibers were estimated. The test has confirmed that both cocont and banana stem fibers can be utilized as a potential sorbent material for oil spillage tidy up.

Degradation of epoxy reinforced Banana fibers and eggshell particles hybrid composite high-voltage insulators via accelerated UV aging processes

Electrical insulators for high voltage electric power applications are previously made with ceramics and glass, presently the use of polymer insulators to replace the brittle ceramics insulators is been giving attention worldwide. These polymeric insulators are affected by UV radiations, temperature, and environmental pollution. UV radiation has a greater effect on the accelerated aging of polymer composite insulators. Epoxy reinforced with eggshell particles(ESp) and banana stem fibers (BSF) insulator was developed. The insulator was subjected to UV accelerated stress aging. The hydrophobic behavior was determined by measuring the contact angle. Surface resistivity, mechanical properties, and microstructure were also determined. The composite has better resistance to oxidation as compared to the polymer. Developed composite can withstand toughness under impact loading, which is the major shortcoming of the ceramics insulators. The composite can be used in the production of high impact energy insulators that can withstand UV radiation

Properties of Fiber Cement Boards Influenced by BSCH (Banana Stem and Corn Husk) Fibers and Citric Acid Addition

At present, the amount of organic wastes including banana stem and corn husk produced from the Philippines is roughly 56 million technical tons. On the other hand, the construction industry demands innovation to some of the construction materials including cement fiber boards (CFB). The objective of this study is to address the increasing volume of organic wastes including banana stem and corn husk (BSCH) by incorporating BSCH fibers in to cement boards. To test whether the boards fabricated with BSCH fibers is a viable option, the study determined the physical and mechanical properties of cement boards reinforced with BSCH fibers added with citric acid. The experimental results obtained from this study showed that the flexural strength of the cement boards reinforced with banana stem and corn husk fibers is higher than the cement boards without fibers. On the other hand, the compressive strength the cement fiber boards increased in 8% fiber reinforcement and gradually decreased as more fibers were added to the mix. Furthermore, the boards with fibers showed effective drilling characteristics. From the tested cement fiber boards, the cement fiber boards with 8% fiber reinforcement showed the most promising results in both physical and mechanical properties of the fiber cement board.

Edible film from microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) of waste banana (Musa paradisiaca) stem and chitosan

Indonesia is one of the largest banana producing countries in the world. In 2019, national banana production was 7,280,658 tons, leaving 4 tons of banana stems for every tonne of bananas harvested. Banana stem fiber has high strength, light weight, high water absorption, fire resistance properties and biodegradable. It has high cellulose contain of 46.3%. Therefore, banana stem fiber is potential for a source of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC). The MCC was successfully isolated 34.9% yield. Edible film was fabricated by solvent casting method. Chitosan was added for antibacterial properties of fabricated edible film. The optimum formulation for chitosan and MCC mass were examined to obtain edible film with good water absorption and biodegradability.

Experimental investigation on banana stem fibre in the production of M40 grade concrete: A review

This Review paper investigate the natural fiber in M40 grade concrete. Introducing the banana stem fiber in M40 grade concrete to enhancing the mechanical properties and durability behaviour of concrete. The different aspect ratio had been studied by many researchers with using concrete specimens with range from 30 mm to 150 mm based on the nature of the material. For this banana fiber comparing the various aspect ratio about 50 mm, 70 mm and 90 mm. The optimum results in compressive strength, flexural strength and tensile strength achieving greater than the other conventional concrete. Mainly, the banana stem fiber concrete attains the maximum value of flexural strength due to elastic nature of the fiber in it. The experimental results shows that the banana fiber concrete is suitable material for construction and sustainable material in construction field.

Adsorptive removal of methylene blue dye by extracted banana stem fibers

The goal of this research is the eradication of textile colors using bio adsorbents. Thus, fibers are separated from the banana stem using the alkaline treatment and their adsorbent efficiency is tested against methylene blue dye (MBD) to determine their adsorbent potential for textile effluent waste. The banana stem fibers (BSF) eradicated 97% of MBD at a pH 10; temp 25 °C; conc 5 mg/L; mixing 125 RPM; dosage of 2.5 mg/L and time 150 min. The results obtained were well fitted to the Langmuir isotherm model, Freundlich isotherm model, and Temkin isotherm model. The Langmuir fits the best with qmax of 33.05579 mg/g, KL of 0.07843, RL of 0.2984, and R2 of 0.99891. It showed good reusability and regeneration up to four cycles.

Utilization of pineapple leaf fiber mixed with banana or cattail stem fibers and their paper physical properties for application in packaging

Utilization of pineapple leaf fiber mixed with banana or cattail stem fibers and their paper physical properties for application in packaging

Acoustic characterization of Zea Mays culm fibers (corn) and Musa X Paradisiacal (banana) stem fibers in proportion 50% - 50%.

The following research arises as a proposal to the implementation of Zea Mays culm fibers and Musa X Paradisiaca stem fibers in proportion 50% - 50% for the development of a new eco-material with acoustic properties, the objective was to measure the absorption coefficient based on the international standard ISO 10534-1 Determination of the acoustic absorption coefficient and acoustic impedance in impedance tubes. Using the impedance tube to identify the minimums and maximums needed to perform the computational procedure in the MATLAB software tool, and finally obtain the sound absorption coefficients of the material. The measurement process is supported by the implementation of the impedance tube, having all its consideration and previous measures that support the veracity of the data taken through this process, in addition to the fact that background noise measurements were made in order to pass these values to ensure reliable results in the measurement, performed with a class 1 sound level meter; The fibers analyzed had a range between 0.8136 and 0.9225 absorption coefficient in the bands of 1000, 2000 and 4000 Hz, testing the effectiveness in their implementation as an acoustic barrier. Keywords: absorption, eco-material, fibers, barrier, acoustics.

Cellulose Acetate Hollow Fiber Membranes from Banana Stem Fibers Coated by TiO2 for Degradation of Waste Textile Dye

Cellulose acetate hollow fiber membrane from banana stem fibers coated by TiO2 (CAHFMT) was prepared and characterized as an alternative material for degradation of waste textile dye. Its applicability was demonstrated by mechanical properties, FTIR, SEM, thermal resistance, performance, and degradation efficiency. Cellulose acetate (CA) was synthesized from banana stem fibers by swelling stage, acetylation reaction, and hydrolysis reaction. CA was modified using TiO2 of various concentrations. CAHFMT with 22 % w/v dope concentration has the optimum mechanical properties (stress, strain and Young’s modulus), as well as hydrophilic properties. The performances of CAHFMT with Congo red were determined. The SEM results showed that the membrane had rigid pores. Moreover, this research stated that CAHFMT could be a solution to overcome economical and effective problems.

Biodegradable Cellulose Film Prepared From Banana Pseudo-Stem Using an Ionic Liquid for Mango Preservation.

The excessive use and disposal of plastic packaging materials have drawn increasing concerns from the society because of the detrimental effect on environment and ecosystems. As the most widely used fruit packing material, polyethylene (PE) film is not suitable for long-term preservation of some tropical fruits, such as mangos, due to its inferior gas permeability. Cellulose based film can be made from renewable resources and is biodegradable and environmental-friendly, which makes it a promising alternative to PE as a packaging material. In this study, cellulose film synthesized from delignified banana stem fibers via an ionic liquid 1-Allyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([AMIm][Cl]) were evaluated as packing material for mangos preservation. The moisture vapor transmission rate and gas transmission rate of the synthesized cellulose film were 1,969.1 g/(m2⋅24 h) and 10,015.4 ml/(m2⋅24 h), respectively, which are significantly higher than those of commercial PE films. The high permeability is beneficial to the release of ethylene so that contribute to extend fruit ripening period. As a result, cellulose film packaging significantly decreased the disease and color indexes of mangos, while prolonged the storage and shelf life of marketable fruits. In addition, the cellulose film was decomposed in soils in 4 weeks, indicating an excellent biodegradability as compared to the PE plastic film.

Influence of Fiber Volume and Fiber Length on Thermal and Flexural Properties of a Hybrid Natural Polymer Composite Prepared with Banana Stem, Pineapple Leaf, and S‐Glass

There is more demand for natural fiber‐reinforced composites in the energy sector, and their impact on the environment is almost zero. Natural fiber has plenty of advantages, such as easy recycling and degrading property, low density, and low price. Natural fiber’s thermal properties and flexural properties are less than conventional fiber. This work deals with the changes in the thermal properties and mechanical properties of S‐glass reinforced with a sodium hydroxide‐treated pineapple leaf (PALF) and banana stem fibers. Banana stem and pineapple leaf fibers (PALF) were used at various volume fractions, i.e., 30%, 40%, and 50%, and various fiber lengths of 20 cm, 30 cm, and 40 cm with S‐glass, and their effects on the thermal and mechanical properties were studied, and their optimum values were found. It was evidenced that increasing the fiber volume and fiber length enhanced the flexural and thermal properties up to 40% of the fiber volume, and started to decrease at 50% of the fiber volume. The fiber length provides an affirmative effect on the flexural properties and a pessimistic effect on the thermal properties. The PALF S‐glass combination of 40% fiber load and 40 cm fiber length provides maximum flexural strength, flexural modulus, storage modulus, and lowest loss modulus based on hybrid Taguchi grey relational optimization techniques. PALF S‐glass hybrid composite has been found to have 7.80%, 3.44%, 1.17% higher flexural strength, flexural modulus, and loss modulus, respectively, and 15.74% lower storage modulus compared to banana S‐glass hybrid composite.

The synthesis of activated carbon made from banana stem fibers as the supercapacitor electrodes

Abstract The activated carbon without addition of adhesive materials from banana stem fibers has been successfully synthesized by using ZnCl2 activator as a supercapacitor electrode. The physical properties analysis such as density, surface morphology, degree of crystallinity, elemental content, and specific surface area of the activated carbon electrode were carried out by using measurements of mass and volume, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and Brunaeur-Emmet-Teller (BET). The carbon electrode has a density of 0.63 g.cm−3, surface morphology consists of carbon particles and carbon fiber, amorphous structures seen in scattering (2θ) angle range of 23.59˚ and 44.41˚ for d002 and d100 diffraction planes, carbon content reaches as high as 100% and the specific surface area was found 788.09 m2.g−1. The electrochemical properties were analyzed by using cyclic voltammetry method with two electrodes system in H2SO4 electrolyte solution. The specific capacitance, energy density, and power density of the supercapacitor cells were 179F.g−1, 6.19 W.h.Kg−1, and 44.67 W.Kg−1 respectively. This study exhibits that banana stem fibers potentially to be developed as carbon electrodes in supercapacitor cell.

Development of Novel Respiratory Face Masks Prepared from Banana Stem Fiber Against Bio-Aerosols: An Eco-Friendly Approach

Invisible enemy, the horror of Coronavirus, has terrified the whole world for the last few months. The panacea of absolute salvation is undoubtedly vaccine, which is still under research. Scientists have emphasized on preventive measures against Coronavirus rather than cure. The use of masks is mandatory in public places. Mask preferentially prevents the absorption of harmful airborne particles circulating in the air for prolonged periods, thus non-inhibiting the respiratory cycle. In this article, we have screened various masks and developed a novel face mask derived from bio-cellulose. The present work is deliberated on banana stem fiber extracted from banana peel by applying minimal chemical treatment in a simple laboratory protocol. The banana face mask can be recycled and biodegraded with ease. The impregnated banana face mask may act as a physical screen between the transmission of bioaerosols and the respiratory tract providing high safety, security, and economic one with respect to prevalent face masks like N95, surgical masks, and others in the market.

Analisis Karakteristik Marshall pada Beton Aspal Lapis Pengikat (Asphalt Concrete-Binder Course) menggunakan Aspal Modifikasi Serbuk Serat Pelepah Batang Pisang

Asphalt modification by adding fiber powder of banana stem can be implemented to improve the performance of pure asphalt. Asphalt concrete binder course AC-BC is a flexible pavement layer that functions to distribute the load towards the foundation layer. So it really needs strength, durability and stability of the materials. For that, it is necessary to use asphalt modification with fiber powder of banana stem which is used as a binding material in AC-BC asphalt concrete mixture. The proper percentage of modified asphalt level will determine the optimum quality of an asphalt mixture. Asphalt concrete specimens were made in 3 (three) samples for each variation of asphalt level by 5%; 5.5%; 6%; 6.5%; and 7%. The asphalt optimum level in the mixture is carried out through volumetric investigation in the form of VMA, VIM, and VFB values and mechanical assessment in the form of stability, flow and Marshall Quetient. The results of data analysis found that the value of VIM, stability and MQ tend to decrease with increasing levels of modified asphalt. On the other hand the value of VMA, VFB and flow tend to rise with increasing levels of modified asphalt. However, from the five variations of asphalt levels obtained asphalt levels of 5% and 5.5% which meet all the specifications of AC-BC asphalt concrete specification. To determine the asphalt optimum level, the average of qualified asphalt level is taken. So that the asphalt concrete AC-BC will produce a better structural performance at 5.25% asphalt level with banana stem fiber powder on asphalt by 0.1%.

UTILIZATION OF VOLUME COMPOSITE FRACTION IN KEPOK BANANA STEM (MASSA PARADISIACA) RANDOM CORNER ORIENTATION WITH POLYESTER MATRIX AGAINST THE MECHANICAL CHARACTERISTIC

This study aims to determine the effect of volume fraction (10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%) of composite banana stem fiber with polyester matrix on tensile strength and impact strength. From the results of the study obtained an average strength value the most optimal tensile is found in the 10% fiber volume fraction and 90% matrix that is 51.863 N/mm2 and strain value 5.754 N/mm2. As for the lowest tensile strength at 20% fiber volume fraction and 80% matrix that is 36.356 N/mm2 and strain value 7.796%. The composite which has the highest average energy and impact value is the 50% volume fraction matrix 50% has an absorption rate with an average absorbed energy value of 0.8093 Joules and an average Impact Price of 0.0101 Joules / mm2, while the lowest in the volume fraction of 20%, 80% matrix with an average energy value of 0.4129 Joules and an average Impact Price of 0.0052 Joules/mm2. It can be concluded that the addition of fiber volume fraction affects the tensile strength and impact strength.

The effect of chemical treatments on tensile strength and absorption ability of epoxy/natural fibers composites

Natural cellulose from agricultural waste, fruit skin, stalks, and so on is considered as recyclable and may have some potential as oil and water absorbent. Besides it is readily available and environmentally friendly it also inexpensive because they are waste, non-toxic and biodegradable. However, the natural fibres are hydrophilic in nature, so it tends to absorb water. Chemical treatments can usually overcome this problem. Usually, acid and alkali treatments are very popular among researchers. In this study, we focused on seeing the differences in natural treatment on acidic and alkaline using citric acid (vinegar) and sodium bicarbonate (soda) of certain three types of selected fibres. The 24 hrs treatments were studied on coconut coir, banana stem fiber and sugarcane bagasse. The tensile strength has been investigated and compared. All fibers were observed highest tensile strength after treated with alkali compared to acid. Treatment with alkali is more suitable for natural fiber in order to clean the fiber surface, thus help to get better fiber-matrix interaction. These are the reason of highest in tensile strength. Overall, the absorption of oil and seawater depends on the type of fibre itself. All treated fibers tend to absorb more seawater and alkaline treated fibers absorbed more cooking oil. Treated coconut coir have tendency to absorb both medium than other fibers. The type of treatments, will give an effect on the fibres’ surface, remove the impurities and reduce the hydrophilic properties, so that provide decreasing or increasing of cooking oil and seawater uptake.

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF SKATEBOARD FROM BANANA STEM

A skateboard is a small piece of wood shaped like a surfboard with four wheels attached to it that is used to glide on a certain track. In general, this tool is made using wood material taken from nature and vulnerable to environmental damage issues. In this research, the waste of banana stems will be processed into the main raw material for skateboarding. The type of material chosen is the type of composite material with banana stem waste selected as reinforcement and polyester resin as the matrix material. The purpose of this research is to design and manufacture a skateboard made of composite fiber reinforced banana stem fibers and to test its flexural strength to obtain the characteristics of the material formed. The design was carried out with the help of the 2007 version of Autocad software by following commercial skateboard standards. Flexural testing was carried out at the Impact and Fracture Research Center laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, University of North Sumatra. Static static testing of polymer composite board specimens from banana stems obtained the average value data for the composition of 5% banana stems is 9.81 MPa, for the composition of 10% banana stems an average of 13.60 MPa, and composition of 15% banana stems the average is 27.20 MPa. 2. The analysis shows that the best composition is 15% of banana stems, with an average flexural strength value of 27.20 MPa. Therefore, the composition used in this study is the composition of 15% reinforcement of banana stems.

Cellulose microfibrils from banana fibers: characterization at different chemical processes

The objective of this paper is to investigate the morphological, chemical and thermal behaviors of cellulose microfibrils isolated from banana stem fibers by different chemical processes. The structural properties of cellulose microfibrils are analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Powdered x-ray Diffraction (PXRD), and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Results reveal that cellulose microfibrils of diameter 1–2 μm can be isolated at the end of chemical treatment. Chemical characterization confirms that the α-cellulose content is increased from 68% to 82% by acid-alkali treatment. FT-IR spectroscopy shows the partial removal of hemicellulose and lignin content. PXRD results show improved crystallinity after acid-alkali treatment. TGA results show that the cellulose microfibrils are trusted candidate for reinforcement with polymers having degradation temperature reaches beyond 380 °C.

End Milling of Banana Stem Fiber and Polyurethane Derived from Castor Oil Composite

ABSTRACT Reconstituted wood panels use polymers of petroleum origin and substances such as formaldehyde in their manufacturing. One solution for replacing these panels is the natural fiber-reinforced composites that use renewable and biodegradable raw materials. In order to use these composites, it is necessary to investigate their machinability. The aim of this work is to analyze the end milling of banana stem fiber and polyurethane derived from castor oil composite by measuring surface roughness, cutting forces and evaluating the surface defects generated during the process. The cutting speed and the forces involved are the factors that most influence the quality of end milling.