Banana Pseudostem Research Articles

Influence of Organic Nutrient Sources on Yield and Economics of Vegetable Cluster Bean (Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (L.) Taub.) Variety – MDU1

Cluster bean is one of the important industrial legume crop, favoured semi-arid and arid farmers by its drought tolerance and nitrogen fixation capacity. A investigation was carried out to study the impact of various organic nutrient sources on the yield and economics of the vegetable cluster bean. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and three replications at wetland farms, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during Kharif season, 2018. The yield parameters were recorded after each picking from five tagged plants and averaged for statistical analysis. The yield of vegetable cluster bean from the net plot area at each picking was noted. The harvest index, gross returns, net returns and the benefit-cost ratio was calculated for each of the treatment. Significantly higher pod length, pod weight, yield, harvest index and gross returns (11.6 cm, 2.4 g, 11084 kg/ha, 2.4, Rs. 1,66,254/ha, respectively) were recorded under recommended dose of fertilizer (50:50:40-N:P:K) in addition to the foliar spray of TNAU pulse wonder. However, all these parameters were statistically on par with treatments such as organic farmer’s practice and 25 t/ha of Farm yard manure (FYM) along with a foliar spray of 3% Panchagavya. But economics net returns and benefit-cost ratio were higher with humic acid @ 6 l/ha along with banana pseudostem sap @ 2% followed by Humic acid @ 6 l/ha along with Panchagavya @ 3% and organic farmers practice. Considering the safer environment, human health and economic feasibility the farmer’s practice of applying FYM @ 10 t/ha in addition with Jeevamruth @ 500l/ha and foliar spray of Panchagavya @ 3% is found to provide higher yields and profits in vegetable cluster bean.

High-pressure carbon dioxide-hydrothermal enhance yield and methylene blue adsorption performance of banana pseudo-stem activated carbon

In order to reduce environmental risks and fungus disease spread of banana waste, the high-pressure CO2-hydrothermal treatment was developed to produce hydrochar as a precursor of activated carbon from banana pseudo-stem(BP). SEM, BET, XRD, Raman and FTIR was used to investigate the influence mechanism of the high-pressure CO2-hydrothermal pretreatment on the yield and methylene blue(MB) adsorption capacities of the activated carbon. The results show that although the adsorption capacities of BP after high-pressure CO2-hydrothermal pretreatment(BPx) is decrease due to decrease of oxygen-containing functional group and flatter spatial structure, that of BPx after KOH activation(BPx-A) significantly increase and is higher than that of BP by direct KOH activation(BP-A). Because BP-A presents honeycomb porous microstructures and has a higher mesoporous structure(138–472 m2/g), plentiful active sites and rich the abundant influential adsorption group of MB adsorption. In addition, compared to BP-A(0.68%), the total yield of BPx-A(2.42–9.11%) is 356–1340%.

Rapid and mass production of biopesticide Trichoderma Brev T069 from cassava peels using newly established solid-state fermentation bioreactor system

Converting agricultural waste into value-added biopesticides to replace chemical pesticides for plant protection is a good alternative for environmental sustainability and resource recycling. In this study, five tropical wastes (cassava peels, banana pseudostem, coconut shell, sugarcane bagasse, and pineapple peels) were screened as substrates for the rapid production of biopesticide Trichoderma Brev T069. Five single tests and a Box-Behnken design (BBD) with response surface methodology were used to optimize the culture conditions to improve the spore yield. The results showed that cassava peel was the optimal solid fermentation substrate, and the optimization enabled a spore yield of 9.31 × 109 spores/g at 3rd day, which was equal to 93.19% of spore yield obtained at 5th day (9.99 × 109 spores/g). A newly packed-bed bioreactor with agitation and ventilation system was developed and used to expand the production that 250 kg of biopesticide (2.89 × 109 spores/g) could be available on the 3rd day. A pot experiment indicated that the biopesticide T. Brev T069 obtained under this production system, when applied at 1 × 107 spores/g of soil had a 64.65% biocontrol efficiency on banana fusarium wilt. This study provides a practical solution for turning a tropical waste into an effective biopesticide which can prevent banana wilt disease, thereby helping to reduce disease management cost and overcome environmental hazards caused by synthetic pesticides.

Design and Development of a Catalytic Fixed-Bed Reactor for Gasification of Banana Biomass in Hydrogen Production

Hydrogen produced from biomass is an alternative energy source to fossil fuels. In this study, hydrogen production by gasification of the banana plant is proposed. A fixed-bed catalytic reactor was designed considering fluidization conditions and a height/diameter ratio of 3/1. Experimentation was carried out under the following conditions: 368 °C, atmospheric pressure, 11.75 g of residual mass of the banana (pseudo-stem), an average particle diameter of 1.84 mm, and superheated water vapor as a gasifying agent. Gasification reactions were performed using a catalyzed and uncatalyzed medium to compare the effectiveness of each case. The catalyst was Ni/Al2O3, synthesized by coprecipitation. The gas mixture produced from the reaction was continuously condensed to form a two-phase liquid–gas system. The synthesis gas was passed through a silica gel filter and analyzed online by gas chromatography. To conclude, the results of this study show production of 178 mg of synthesis gas for every 1 g of biomass and the selectivity of hydrogen to be 51.8 mol% when a Ni 2.5% w/w catalyst was used. The amount of CO2 was halved, and CO was reduced from 3.87% to 0% in molar percentage. Lastly, a simulation of the distribution of temperatures inside the furnace was developed; the modeled behavior is in agreement with experimental observations.

Quality and economics of fenugreek as influenced by effect of foliar application of panchagavya and banana pseudostem sap

A field experiment on “Effect of foliar application of panchagavya and banana pseudostem sap on growth and seed yield of fenugreek” was carried out at Agronomy Instructional Farm, Chimanbhai Patel College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar during rabi 2020-21. The results revealed that significant improvement in seed yield, straw yield, protein content, highest gross realization (₹64,746/ha) and net realization (₹34,259/ha) was noted with an application of treatment T4 (Panchagavya @ 4% spray at pre flowering + pod setting stage) over other treatments but which remained at par with treatment T10 with respect to seed yield, straw yield, protein content and gross realization ₹62,748 and T3 (Panchagavya @ 4% spray at pod setting) for net realization (₹32,863). The highest value of benefit: cost ratio (2.14) was accrued with treatment T3 closely followed by treatment T4 with BCR of 2.12.

Electrospinning of liquefied banana stem residue in conjugation with hydroxyapatite nanocrystals: towards new scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

Electrospun fibers have high structural similarity to the extracellular matrix. Some researchers have tried to fabricate cellulose nanofibers using electrospinning, although the fabricated fibers usually exhibited a non-uniform texture. Moreover, the fabricated mats always suffer from low biological and mechanical properties. Thus, the objective of this study was first to produce a naturally occurring cellulose from banana pseudo-stem. The native cellulose was then used to electrospin in order to determine how a Taguchi L9 orthogonal array can be used to fabricate a defect-free fibrous mat. Finally, cellulose was incorporated with hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles to generate a new fibrous construct in which cellulose provides a suitable environment for cell attachment and HA act as a strong filler increasing the mechanical properties. The results revealed that cellulose concentration of solution and applied voltage had the greatest effect on morphology of the fibers. The morphological characterization of the nanocomposites showed that they had a uniform nanofibrous texture without any significant bead, splashing or particle agglomeration. According to the mechanical tests, the samples containing the higher concentration of HA had a significantly higher mechanical strength. The results obtained from bioactivity analysis indicated an interesting morphological transformation into a flake-like structure which confirmed the high bioactivity of the scaffolds. Moreover, in vitro studies showed a pronounced increase in proliferation of bone cells on cellulose/HA nanocomposites compared to the neat cellulose. Given the high strength and the high biological activity, the new cellulose/HA scaffold can be promising for bone regeneration applications.Graphical abstract

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF VERMICOMPOST USING AGROWASTES

Agricultural waste disposal is a major problem in agricultural sector. The use of agricultural waste for making compost is a better way for waste management. On this aspect a study was conducted to make use of agricultural waste to a useful product that could be beneficial to agriculture. The experiment on vermicomposting using various agricultural wastes was performed to improve the quality of vermicompost. The effect of various agricultural wastes such as paddy straw T1, banana leaf T2 and banana pseudostem T3 wastes were determined. From the results of the study, it was found that vermicompost productivity was 58±1.3% in T1, 50.5±2.3% in T2 and 46.5±1.8% in T3. The result suggested that T3 (banana pseudostem + 30% cow dung) showed significantly higher NPK content (1.86±0.07, 0.88±0.02 and 1.74±0.02%) and short harvest period when compared to vermicomposting using paddy straw and banana leaf waste. The pH, EC and organic carbon were reduced in all the three (T1, T2 and T3) treatments. Hence from the current study, it was concluded that massive amount of banana pseudostem wasted after harvest can be used to make vermicompost with less effort and low cost with potential application in agriculture and thereby reduce air and land pollution.

Enzymatic Degumming of Banana Fibers by Enterobacter cloacae PMC04 for Fineness Improvisation: An Eco-friendly Approach

ABSTRACT Banana fibers could gruntle the thirst for natural fibers in textile industries. Banana fibers are prominent for eco-friendliness, durability, and biodegradability. Our study demonstrates that Enterobacter cloacae PMC04, isolated from banana waste decomposed soil, could produce pectinolytic enzymes using dried banana pseudostem as solid substrate by fermentation and their application in banana fiber degumming for textile processing. Enterobacter cloacae PMC04 exhibited elevated pectinase activity (177.1901 U/ml) and pectin lyase activity (34.21818 U/ml) with citrus pectin and yeast extract under optimal pH (pH 10.0) and temperature (45°C) conditions. In reconciliation with the obtained results, it is found that pectinase enzyme is suitable for the degumming of banana fibers. The optimized degumming condition of banana fiber was identified to be 55°C, 4 hours and 30% enzymatic dosage. The maximum galacturonide released from the fiber degumming system was recognized to be 0.8121 mmol/ml. The surface morphology, functional group, thermal analysis, and tensile analysis of the enzymatic degummed banana fiber were significant compared to the chemically treated fiber. Based on the studies, it is inferred that enzymatic degumming of banana fiber could be regarded as an alternative approach for feasible application in textile industries

Enhanced Cellulase Production by Talaromyces amestolkiae CMIAT055 Using Banana Pseudostem

Cellulases are a complex of enzymes necessary for the complete solubilization of cellulose in sugars, thus playing a key role in the natural carbon cycle through the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic structures. The aim of this study was to evaluate the increase in the capacity of Talaromyces amestolkiae CMIAT 055 to produce cellulases by optimizing the components of the culture medium containing banana pseudostem as an inducer, as well as in different agitation configurations in a bioreactor. Optimization was performed through statistical experimental design (Plackett–Burman and DCCR), a study of pH control in bioreactors, and a study of the agitation system by comparing impellers with different flow profiles in the liquid medium. For this purpose, a wild strain of Talaromyces amestolkiae CMIAT 055 was used. In the Plackett–Burman and DCCR statistical design, four components of the culture medium were significant and optimized for greater synthesis of FPase: banana pseudostem, CaCl2, KH2PO4, and urea. In bioreactors tests, these parameters were beneficial for greater enzyme activities: maintenance of pH at 5.0, use of Pitched blade impeller, and rotation speed at 300 rpm. Comparing the first test using banana pseudostem in an Erlenmeyer flask to the last fermentation process in bioreactors, it was observed that the total cellulase activity increased from 424.7 to 2172.8 FPU/L. This fact showed that the strategies adopted in this study are a pertinent way to reduce the cost of enzyme production through the use of lignocellulosic materials.Graphical Abstract

ECO-FRIENDLY PULPING OF BANANA PSEUDO-STEM WASTES WITH POTASSIUM-BASED PROCESSES

This study aimed to investigate the usability of banana pseudo-stem wastes, remaining from banana cultivation, with eco-friendly K-based pulping processes. Three different K-based pulping processes, KOH, KOH-K2SO3, KOH-NH4OH, and soda process as control were studied. The temperature and the total alkali ratio were kept constant, while the cooking time was varied (60 min and 120 min) for each K-based pulping method. It was found that 60 min at 165 °C with 20% alkaline charge (calculated as Na2O) are the optimum conditions for all K-based pulping processes of banana pseudo-stems. K-based pulps produced under the same pulping conditions were compared with the control soda pulp. The pulp samples were characterized in terms of their mechanical, physical, morphological and optical properties. Also, their Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis was performed. Among the eco-friendly K-based pulping processes investigated here, the KOH process can be considered as a promising alternative for pulping banana pseudo-stem waste, due to the excellent papermaking properties achieved.

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals Produced by Acid Hydrolysis from Banana Pseudostem

Isolation and Characterization of Cellulose Nanocrystals Produced by Acid Hydrolysis from Banana Pseudostem

A highly alkaline pectate lyase from the Himalayan hot spring metagenome and its bioscouring applications

From the vast enzymatic weaponry encrypted in the metagenomic resource of the Himalayan hot spring, a novel gene encoding pectate lyase (eplM) was identified. Mapping against the nucleotide non-redundant NCBI database could not reveal any match for this gene sequence. At the protein level, it was about 56.86% identical to an uncharacterized sequence from Rheinheimera tangshanensis. The novel gene, eplM, was cloned and expressed in a heterologous host, Escherichia coli. The purified protein, EPLM, was biochemically characterized for pectate lyase activity towards pectin. It exhibited the maximum activity in the alkaline pH range, with optimum activity at 11.0 pH (1524.10 U/mg). The enzyme was functional in the temperature range of 30–50 °C, with the optimum activity at 40 °C. EPLM was found to be a calcium-dependent enzyme that can efficiently act on the methylated pectin obtained from a diverse source of plant biomass. The catalytic utility of EPLM was tested by demonstrating bioscouring of banana pseudostem biomass. The micrographic changes in surface structures of the fibers and release of unsaturated galacturonides endorsed EPLM as a promising biocatalyst for pectin-removal processing applications.

Valorization of Agro-industrial Discards in Fermentation for the Production of Cellulase Enzyme

Cellulases are commercially important enzymes with application in various industries such as biofuel, detergent, food processing, brewery, pulp and paper. To make its production cost-effective, a preferred method is to use solid-state fermentation and with use of inexpensive substrates. Solid-state fermentation is an alternative culturing method and yields higher enzymes compared to submerged fermentation. In the current study, Aspergillus niger was isolated and further developed as inoculum for solid-state fermentation. Agroindustrial discards like banana pseudostem, jackfruit waste were used as the substrates. The substrates were pretreated by acid and were characterized by FTIR analysis to confirm the presence of cellulosic content. Different concentrations of the substrates were attempted for fermentation and the yield of the enzyme was compared. The solid-state fermentation was stable for enzyme production as well as microbial growth. The cellulase activity per gram of the substrate (U/g) was obtained maximum for jackfruit waste-based media (17±1.1 U/g). Both the lignocellulosic substrates were potential substrates for the production of cellulase enzyme. With further optimization and scale-up, this could be a cheap and sustainable process. This study has validated agro-industrial waste’s bioconversion into value-added products that have a remarkable environmental and economic advantage.

Acoustic performance of the banana pseudostem fiber

Environmental degradation caused by the extraction of the most commonly used materials in the acoustic treatment of enclosures has encouraged researchers to investigate the acoustic potential of natural ingredients and fibers, seeking possibilities for replacements. The acoustic potential of samples made with fibers extracted from the banana pseudostem, without the addition of a binder and with the application of a natural glue, was analyzed in the present study. For the experimental tests, an impedance tube was used, where sound absorption coefficients were verified using the transfer function technique, described in ISO 10534:2, at a frequency range of 100 to 6300 Hz. The results demonstrated that the fiber presents good potential for application at high frequencies, reaching a coefficient of 0.89 at 6300 Hz. In addition, the fiber was found to have similar sound absorption performance to yucca fiber and, at frequencies above 4000 Hz, it was superior to coconut fiber.

Diversity of Fusarium associated banana wilt in northern Viet Nam.

Fusarium is one of the most important fungal genera of plant pathogens that affect the cultivation of a wide range of crops. Agricultural losses caused by Fusariumoxysporumf.sp.cubense (Foc) directly affect the income, subsistence, and nourishment of thousands of farmers worldwide. For Viet Nam, predictions on the impact of Foc for the future are dramatic, with an estimated loss in the banana production area of 8% within the next five years and up to 71% within the next 25 years. In the current study, we applied a combined morphological-molecular approach to assess the taxonomic identity and phylogenetic position of the different Foc isolates collected in northern Viet Nam. In addition, we aimed to estimate the proportion of the different Fusarium races infecting bananas in northern Viet Nam. The morphology of the isolates was investigated by growing the collected Fusarium isolates on four distinct nutritious media (PDA, SNA, CLA, and OMA). Molecular phylogenetic relationships were inferred by sequencing partial rpb1, rpb2, and tef1a genes and adding the obtained sequences into a phylogenetic framework. Molecular characterization shows that c. 74% of the Fusarium isolates obtained from infected banana pseudostem tissue belong to F.tardichlamydosporum. Compared to F.tardichlamydosporum, F.odoratissimum accounts for c.10% of the Fusarium wilt in northern Viet Nam, demonstrating that Foc TR4 is not yet a dominant strain in the region. Fusariumcugenangense – considered to cause Race 2 infections among bananas – is only found in c. 10% of the tissue material that was obtained from infected Vietnamese bananas. Additionally, one of the isolates cultured from diseased bananas was phylogenetically not positioned within the F.oxysporum species complex (FOSC), but in contrast, fell within the Fusariumfujikuroi species complex (FFSC). As a result, a possible new pathogen for bananas may have been found. Besides being present on several ABB ‘Tay banana’, F.tardichlamydosporum was also derived from infected tissue of a wild Musalutea, showing the importance of wild bananas as a possible sink for Foc.

Biodegradable Pot (Biopot) Made from Water Hyacinth and Banana Pseudostem as Polybag Substitution for Cocoa (Theobroma Cacao L.) Nursery

The plant nursery is an important cultivation phase to improve the quality of cocoa. However, the conventional nursery container namely polybag has the potential risk to contaminate the environment if the waste is wrongfully handled. A biodegradable pot (BioPot) is a satisfactory alternative nursery container considering its plantable and degradable characteristics. This study aimed to investigate the effect of BioPot compositions and size to support the growth of cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) seedling as polybag substitution. This research was conducted using a randomized complete design with 1 control (polybag) and 15 treatments combination. The treatments consisted of 5 BioPot compositions (percentage of water hyacinth and banana pseudostem range from 30-70%) and 3 BioPot size (width 5,5 cm and length range from 10.5-11.5 cm). The seedling growth data were analyzed using ANOVA then by means using HSD (Tukey test) and Dunnet test at a 5%. The results showed that the several BioPot compositions and size produced equal seedling quality to polybag and not statistically different based on seedling growth variables. This finding confirmed that the all tested BioPot compositions and size in this study, customized and adjusted according to the raw aterials availability, can be used as polybag substitutes for cocoa nurseries. The implication of this study is the use of BioPot for seedling container that support environmentally sustainable agriculture especially in plant nurseries.

Unveiling lignocellulolytic trait of a goat omasum inhabitant Klebsiella variicola strain HSTU-AAM51 in light of biochemical and genome analyses.

Klebsiella variicola is generally known as endophyte as well as lignocellulose-degrading strain. However, their roles in goat omasum along with lignocellulolytic genetic repertoire are not yet explored. In this study, five different pectin-degrading bacteria were isolated from a healthy goat omasum. Among them, a new Klebsiella variicola strain HSTU-AAM51 was identified to degrade lignocellulose. The genome of the HSTU-AAM51 strain comprised 5,564,045bp with a GC content of 57.2% and 5312 coding sequences. The comparison of housekeeping genes (16S rRNA, TonB, gyrase B, RecA) and whole-genome sequence (ANI, pangenome, synteny, DNA-DNA hybridization) revealed that the strain HSTU-AAM51 was clustered with Klebsiella variicola strains, but the HSTU-AAM51 strain was markedly deviated. It consisted of seventeen cellulases (GH1, GH3, GH4, GH5, GH13), fourteen beta-glucosidase (2GH3, 7GH4, 4GH1), two glucosidase, and one pullulanase genes. The strain secreted cellulase, pectinase, and xylanase, lignin peroxidase approximately 76-78 U/mL and 57-60 U/mL, respectively, when it was cultured on banana pseudostem for 96h. The catalytically important residues of extracellular cellulase, xylanase, mannanase, pectinase, chitinase, and tannase proteins (validated 3D model) were bound to their specific ligands. Besides, genes involved in the benzoate and phenylacetate catabolic pathways as well as laccase and DiP-type peroxidase were annotated, which indicated the strain lignin-degrading potentiality. This study revealed a new K. variicola bacterium from goat omasum which harbored lignin and cellulolytic enzymes that could be utilized for the production of bioethanol from lignocelluloses.

Bioprocessing of Agricultural Waste (Banana Pseudostem) by Solid-State Fermentation (SSF) for Production of Cellulase

Cellulase was produced by Cellulomonas uda utilizing banana stem waste by solid state fermentation (SSF). The different parameters effects considered like particle size of substrate, pH(incubation and extraction), incubation period, temperature (incubation and extraction), media components (yeast extract and peptone) and moisture of substrate on the production of cellulase was investigated. The optimum activity of cellulase produced by Cellulomonas uda on banana waste for particle size (6.97 IU/min for 1mm), extraction pH (7.13 IU/min for pH 7), incubation pH(6.97 IU/min for pH 7), extraction temperature (7.10 IU/min for 500C), incubation temperature (7.20 IU/min for 450C), incubation period (7.20 IU/min on 3rd day), moisture content (7.12 IU/min for 100% ), peptone content ( 7.23 IU/min for 0.5 gm) and yeast extract content (7.18 IU/min for 0.30gm) was recorded. The cellulase produced by Cellulomonas uda by using banana stem waste indicates the socio-econic utilization of agricultural waste. After purification and characterization; cellulase enzyme can be used in industrial processes.

Training on the utilization of banana pseudostems for manufacturing liquid organic fertilizer

Tanjung Durian Pasar Baru village, Bayang subdistrict, Pesisir Selatan district is one of the location for the Students Community Service - Community Empowerment Learning Ekasakti University in 2019. This location is an agricultural area, one of the commodities is the banana plant. The habits of the farmers during this time, banana stems have been cut down are left to rot in the banana groves (waste). Even though banana stem can be used, one of which is for liquid organic fertilizer. Therefore this community service aims to; (1) to increase the farmer's motivation to make liquid organic fertilizer from the fake banana stem, (2) to improve the farmer's knowledge and skills about liquid organic fertilizer from the fake banana stem, and (3) to encourage the farmers to use liquid organic fertilizer from the fake banana stem, to reduce the use of inorganic fertilizer. In order to achieve this objective, the method used is counselling, practice, monitoring and evaluation. The results achieved show that community service activities are going well, and the community is eager to participate in the training and has a high desire to continue making POC, as seen from the activities of making POC which are carried out again by farmers. Farmers' knowledge increased about the understanding, advantages, disadvantages, benefits of POC and dexterity in making and using POC from fake banana stalks above 70%. The community implements the use of POC on peppers and tomatoes, thereby minimizing the use of inorganic fertilizers. In addition, POC can be marketed, thereby increasing farmers' income.

Production and Characterization of Pulp from Banana Pseudo Stem for Paper Making via Soda Anthraquinone Pulping Process

The need for pulp and paper currently in the whole world has become shooting up massively. The generation of the pulp, as well as paper from woody materials, has a challenge due to deforestation, huge chemical and energy consumptions. Now, an alternative source for paper is lignocelluloses wastes, because of low cost, low energy, and chemical consumption. Among them, the banana pseudostem was best for the input of pulp and paper production. This investigation was on the production and characterization of pulp from Banana Pseudo Stem for Paper Making via Soda Anthraquinone pulping process. The amount of cellulose (41.45%), ash (12.4%), hemicellulose (23.37%), extractive (12.72%), and lignin (10.46%) contents were obtained at the initial compositional evaluation of the pseudostem. It has excellent fiber length (1.75mm), fiber diameter (22.15μm), an acceptable Runkle ratio (0.55), and flexibility coefficient (159.64). The effect of temperature (130,140 and 150 °C), cooking time (45, 60, and 75 minutes), the concentration of soda (10, 12.5, and 15%), were examined. The maximum pulp yield and kappa number was 36.7% and 22.8 respectively obtained at 10% of soda concentration, at 150 °C, and 63 minutes of cooking time from oven-dried raw material. The produced paper from the banana pseudostem has a tensile index, tearing index, smoothness, and porosity were 78.75 Nm/g, 19.1 mN.m2/g, 500-530μm, and 50 sec/100ml air respectively. This study indicates that high strength mechanical property and good surface properties paper can be produced from banana pseudostem pulp with a more environmentally friendly pulping process.