Banana Peel Waste Research Articles

Optimizing the Growth and Production of Pagoda Mustard Plants (Brassica narinosa L.) by providing Tofu Dregs Compost and Banana Peel Liquid Organic Fertilizer

The pagoda mustard plant ( Brassica narinosa L.) is a type of vegetable that is healthy nutritious, and easy to cultivate because it is classified as an annual plant with a harvest age ranging from 40 to 45 HST. This research aims to optimize the growth and production of pagoda mustard greens ( Brassica narinosa L.) by providing Tofu Dregs Compost and Banana Peel POC. The location of this research was carried out in the appropriate home environment area in Danau Balai A Village, Rantau Selatan District, Labuhan Batu Regency, and the Agrotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Technology, Labuhan Batu University. Research I used the two-factor Randomized Group Plan (RAK) research method with three replications. ANOVA variance analysis (variety analysis) was used to test the observation data statistically. Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) was carried out at an α level of 0.05. The effect of giving banana peel POC and tofu dregs fertilizer in each treatment was not significantly different on the growth capacity of pagoda mustard plants. Based on the analysis of variance, POC treatment of banana peel waste had no significant effect on the number of pagoda mustard leaves aged 14 DAP, 21 DAP, and 28 DAP. POC treatment of Ambon banana peel waste had a significant effect on the number of pagoda mustard leaves at 35 HST and 42 HST.

Prospective Life Cycle Assessment Prospective (LCA) of Activated Carbon Production, Derived from Banana Peel Waste for Methylene Blue Removal

Prospective Life Cycle Assessment Prospective (LCA) of Activated Carbon Production, Derived from Banana Peel Waste for Methylene Blue Removal

An eco-friendly approach for bioelectricity production through microbial fuel cell using Musa acuminata as waste biomass

With the increasing population and industrialization, the demand of electricity is increasing day-by-day and high energy demands have adverse effects on fossil fuels consumption. The sustainable development goal (SDG) 7 focuses on green energy. Due to this, global attention is shifted from conventional sources to non conventional energy sources such as solar energy, wind energy, waste biomass, etc. This work explores the feasibility of a microbial fuel cell for bio-electricity production. The effect of different catholytes on bio electricity production is assessed. This research includes the fabrication of a H-shaped double chambered microbial fuel cell using two containers of 2 L each. Both the containers were connected with an agar salt bridge. The bioelectricity was produced from banana peel waste using potassium dichromate and potassium ferricyanide as catholyte and zinc rod and copper plate as electrodes. With potassium dichromate, the maximum value of voltage and current was found as 0.20 V and 0.112 mA respectively, while in case of potassium ferricyanide the maximum voltage and current obtained was 0.42 V and 0.55 mA respectively at 0.1 M concentration of catholyte. Substrates like glucose (10 % by weight) and sodium acetate (5 % by weight) was added in the banana peel slurry so as to make the microbial fuel cell more efficient. Further, impact of increase in potassium ferricyanide concentration from 0.1 to 0.5 M concentration on the generation of electricity was analysed and it was found that with increase in concentration of catholyte, voltage and current enhanced. The maximum voltage, current and power density found by increasing concentration of potassium ferricyanide from 0.1 to 0.5 M was 0.9 V, 3.36 mA and 1.055 W/m2. This study concludes that potassium ferricyanide is better oxidising agent than potassium dichromate. Microbial fuel cell can be a promising technology for bioelectricity production using banana peel waste.

Bioenergy and value-added chemicals of banana peel waste (BPW): Deeper insights from thermal kinetics, thermodynamics, in-situ volatile products analysis, and bio-chars application for Cd(II) highly-efficient removal

This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the physicochemical properties of banana peel waste (BPW) and its potential for thermochemical conversion into bioenergy and value-added chemicals, supported by the results of kinetics, thermodynamics, in-situ volatile products, and biochar analysis. The physicochemical analysis confirms its potential as a source of renewable fuels and valuable chemicals. Subsequently, based on the TGA outcomes, both kinetic and thermodynamic analysis were conducted. The average activation energy (226–257 kJ mol−1), high heating value (19.56 MJ kg−1), Gibbs free energy (118–149 kJ mol−1), and enthalpy change (222–252 kJ mol−1) all underscore the substantial potential of BPW for bioenergy production and its compatibility for co-pyrolysis with other waste materials. Moreover, Py-GC/MS analysis reveals that the pyrolysis of BPW primarily yields volatile products such as acids, aldehydes, alcohols and ketones, offering a potential source of value-added chemicals. Furthermore, the residual solid biochar exhibits an impressive maximum adsorption capacity of 360.18 mg g−1 for Cd(II) in aqueous environments, thereby further highlighting the exceptional quality of BPW-derived biochar as a superior adsorbent for heavy metals. In summary, this study holds significant importance in promoting the efficient utilization of BPW and mitigating the environmental pollution resulting from improper disposal.

Optimizing the ratio of raw materials and pH on biogas production from cow manure with banana peel waste in batch system reactors

Politeknik Negeri Jember has dairy cows TEFA which produce relatively large amounts of cow dung waste, namely 280 kg per day. The fecal waste is directly thrown into waterways, causing air pollution, namely causing an unpleasant odor. It would be interesting to conduct research on cow dung waste in TEFA of dairy cows. This research was carried out with the aim of utilizing cow manure which is waste in TEFA dairy cattle as raw material for biogas with a mixture of banana peel waste as a substrate. In this research, a batch system reactor with an anaerobic fermentation method was used. The variables used were the ratio of cow manure to banana peel waste with variations of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and the pH variable variations of 6, 7, and 8. The test parameter observed in the research was the volume of biogas. The experimental design used to determine optimum conditions is the Response Surface Method (RSM). The experimental design was carried out on 2 variables with 3 variations so that 9 data points were obtained. Based on the test results, it is known that the optimum conditions for the variable ratio of cow dung to banana peel waste and pH are 1:3 and the pH variation is 6, where the volume of gas produced is 177.8 ml.

Optimization of Biohydrogen Production from Vinasse and Cow Manure Using the Response Surface Method (RSM)

The problem of greenhouse gas emissions and the energy crisis experienced by countries in the world, including Indonesia, makes it necessary to develop alternative energy. Biohydrogen from biomass waste can be the best alternative to overcome this problem because it is a clean energy and is capable of producing high energy. This research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the increase in biohydrogen production using the anaerobic fermentation method with a nanomaterial catalyst. The test material in this study was a volatile solid which was analyzed using the gravimetric method. The experimental design used to determine optimum conditions is the Response Surface Method (RSM). The variable used in this research is the ratio between the cow manure and vinasse raw material with variations of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3. The other variables used are pH with variations of 6.7 and 8. Based on the test results, it is known that the optimum conditions for the variable ratio of cow feces to banana peel waste and pH are 1:3 (the variable ratio of cow feces to banana peel waste) and variations pH 6 (variable pH) with a total volatile solid of 100 mg/L. The addition of nickel-based nanomaterial also has a significant effect on the volatile solid content, where the volatile solid content without the addition of nanomaterial is 42.62 g/L, while with the addition of the volatile solid nanomaterial produced is 100.92 g/L.

Pemanfaatan Limbah Kulit Pisang dan Kulit Nanas sebagai Bahan Baku Pembuatan Pupuk Organic Cair (POC)

Organic fertilizers are defined as fertilizers derived from plants or animals that have gone through an engineering process to improve soil biological, physical, and chemical properties. Organic fertilizers in this study were made from basic ingredients in the form of waste banana peels and pineapple peels. Pineapple and banana peels are often found in the form of waste from food and beverage processing facilities that are collected and not used. Therefore, in this study we made liquid organic fertilizer (POC) from banana and pineapple peel waste. The purpose of this study was to examine the quality of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) products with parameters of pH, temperature, and C-Organic content compared with quality standards according to the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia No. 261 / KPTS / SR.310 / M / 4/ 2019 concerning Minimum Technical Requirements for Organic Fertilizers, Biological Fertilizers and Soil Improvements. The production of POC in this study was carried out using the anaerobic method, where the fermentation process itself was carried out for 14 days using Effective Microorganisms (EM4) as a bioactivator. The results of this study indicate that the highest temperature in POC made from banana peels was obtained during the initial fermentation time of 33 oC and the lowest temperature was obtained during the 3-day fermentation time of 25 oC, while in POC made from pineapple peel, the highest temperature was obtained during the initial fermentation time. of 33.5 oC and the lowest temperature was obtained during the 9-day fermentation time of 26 oC. The initial pH value for POC made from banana peels is 5 and the final pH is 4. While for POC pineapple peel, the initial pH value is 3 and the final pH is 4. For the C-Organic content in the initial POC peel the results are 0.095% and final C-Organic content of 0.021%. Meanwhile, the initial C-Organic content in the POC of pineapple peel was 0.037% and the final C-Organic content was 0.013%. The final value of the pH parameter is in accordance with the quality standard, which is 4-9 for pH, while the final value of the C-Organic parameter is not in accordance with the quality standard where the C-Organic content according to the quality standard is a minimum of 10%.

The extract of Cavendish banana (Musa acuminata) peel as antioxidant and anti-aging agents in model yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe

Banana peel is one of the wastes that can be explored for various applications. Cavendish is among the most highly consumed bananas in the world, which implies a high amount of banana peel waste. Our study evaluated the potential of Cavendish banana peels as the source of antioxidant and anti-aging agents. Antioxidant was extracted using three different solvents, i.e., water, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Each extract was then assayed for antioxidant activity in vitro using a 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The antioxidant and anti-aging activity of the extracts were further evaluated at the cellular level using the yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe as a model. Our data indicated that the methanol extract of banana peel showed the highest antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 253.8 µg mL-1 compared to ethyl acetate and water, yet it was considered weak. Interestingly, the methanol extract (600 ppm) showed antioxidant and anti-aging activities at cellular levels in yeast S. pombe. Therefore, this research reveals the potential for developing banana peel methanol extract as a component of pharmaceutical or cosmetic products with antioxidant and anti-aging properties.

Biokonversi Sampah Organik Kulit Pisang Menggunakan Larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF)

Waste is goods considered unused and thrown away by the previous owner/user, but under certain conditions and processing the waste can still be used. An example is organic waste, organic waste is waste that can undergo weathering or what is usually called decomposition and break down into smaller, odorless materials. This research aims to analyze the effect of feeding rate on larval nutritional quality, residue yield quality and banana peel waste reduction index using the bioconversion method. Bioconversion is a waste processing process that involves microorganisms to convert organic waste into products that have market value. This research used Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae as a bioconverter for selected organic waste, namely banana peel waste. The variables used in this study consisted of variations in the number of different feeding rates with 4 variations, namely 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/larva/day for 15 days, where each variation was given 3 containers and each container contained 2000 BSF larvae. The research results that will be obtained are environmental conditions during the bioconversion process and the value of the waste reduction index or WRI.

Preparation of cellulose adsorbent based on banana peel waste (Musa paradisiaca): Green activation and adsorption of Rhodamine B from the aquatic environment

In this study, the successful development of an adsorbent based on banana peel (Musa paradisiaca) activated using lime juice (Citrus aurantifolia) has been reported. The physicochemical parameters of the adsorbent were investigated using an XRD instrument, which showed that the crystal structure of the banana peel (BP) and green activated banana peel (ABP) had a 2θ peak between 18 and 25°, which is the typical peak of cellulose 1. The FTIR spectra showed that green activation of BP specifically changes BP's structure. A bonded O–H group is seen at a wavelength of 3300 cm−1, a peak at 2921 cm−1 is assigned to C-H stretching, the peak at 1615 cm−1 is typical for CO stretching, the peak at 1598 cm−1 is the characteristic peak of C-C aromatic skeletal vibration and the peak at 1034 cm−1 is from the C-O-C and C-C stretch. The FESEM image showed that the morphology of ABP looks rougher and more porous than the morphology of BP. BET-BJH data showed the weak interactions during adsorption can lead to a higher adsorption capacity because these interactions are reversible. The adsorption of RhB with a maximum initial concentration was 70 mg L−1 on 0.2 g of ABP at pH 6, in 10 min at 323 K. The adsorption mechanism followed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model, while the isotherm adsorption followed the Freundlich model. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption process is exothermic and spontaneous, as indicated by the enthalpy value of −25.342 kJ mol−1 and entropy of 0.572 kJ mol−1. In summary, this adsorbent can effectively eliminate coloured pollutants from wastewater.

Fortifikasi tepung kulit pisang (Musa paradisiaca) sebagai alternatif penambah nilai gizi dan daya terima nugget ayam

The high fiber content in banana peels means that banana peel waste can still be used for processed food. One of the innovations in food processing involves fortifying banana peels in making nuggets. Generally, nuggets are made from chicken meat and filled with wheat flour. The research aimed to analyze the effect of adding banana peel flour and chicken meat concentration on the chemical and organoleptic characteristics of the nuggets and to determine the appropriate treatment to get the best banana peel-fortified chicken nuggets. The method used in the research was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors, namely banana peel flour (4%, 6%, 8%) and chicken meat concentration (40%, 80%), tested in 18 experiments. The chemical analysis carried out includes fiber, protein, and water content, as well as organoleptic tests (taste, aroma, texture, color). The study found that the combination of banana peel flour and chicken meat significantly affected taste and aroma, but not color and texture. The best treatment was P1D2 (4% banana peel flour, 80% chicken meat) with a fiber content of 3.12%, protein 13.14%, water 50.80%, and taste hedonic score of 4.23, aroma 3.77, texture 3.57, and color 3.40.

Sustainable bio-oil from banana peel waste biomass: Optimization study and effect of thermal drying

<p>Banana waste has a high level of volatile matter, making it a promising feedstock for pyrolysis in bio-oil generation. Thus, an oven drying method optimization study was conducted to find the drying process of Saba banana peel on flap opening and fan speed. Based on the ANOVA results, it was found that the drying process using 60% fan speed and 40% flap opening for 6 hours of drying time could remove 84.07% of the moisture content from the banana peel. Differential thermal analysis (DTA) was employed to characterize dried banana peels. The TGA study showed that the volatile matter concentration of the dried banana peels was 76.47% when using the ASTM drying method and 70.95% when using the improvement parameter optimization for the drying process. The bio-oil's high heating value (HHV) at 300 °C was 38.88 MJ/kg. The yields of bio-oil, biochar, and syngas obtained from the pyrolysis process were 16.6%, 36.45%, and 46.96%, respectively. The carbon hydrogen nitrogen sulfur (CHNS) ultimate analysis study showed a bio-oil elemental composition of 65.59% carbon, 8.27% hydrogen, 2.94% nitrogen, 0.93% sulfur, and 22.27% oxygen. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy showed that functional groups including alcohol, alkane, phenol, and primary alcohol are present.</p>

Hydrogel derived from hybrid water hyacinth carboxymethyl cellulose and banana peels pectin hydrogel via citric acid crosslinking

Water hyacinth (WH) is a major pest in aquifer and likewise of banana peel waste that pollutes the environment. WH and banana peels have potential to produce carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as well as pectin. Both CMC and pectin are applicable for fabrication of hydrogels that focus on the natural ingredients for their use as food packaging materials. The application of CMC and pectin as a hydrogel material are splendid for increasing its mechanical, biodegradable and environment-friendly properties. This study determined the effect of citric acid as a cross-linking agent on the swelling properties of CMC-pectin based hydrogels and investigated their functional groups. Preparation of hybrid CMCpectin hydrogels was started by extracting WH cellulose. Through bleaching and dehemicellulose process. Cellulose was modified into CMC in two steps, alkalization and carboxymethylation. At the alkalization stage, the cellulose was mixed with NaOH 10% solution. For carboxymethylation, natrium chloroacetate (Na-CA) was added and stirred at 55°C for 3.5 hrs. Fabrication of hydrogel was mixed with 5% ratio 70:30 (w/w.%) of CMC:pectin. Citric acid (CA) was added as the cross-linking agent with concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% on heat treatment. The result of hybrid bio-hydrogels (HBH) was a sheet form film of semi-transparent, and brownish in color. HBH CMC/pectin with the addition of a cross-linking agent in the form of citric acid (5%) gave the highest swelling ability (6.64 wt., within 1 hr). Also, the presence of carboxyl bonds with hydroxyl groups was observed via Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry (FTIR) analysis.

Utilization of banana and cassava peel as local microorganism materials in household organic waste composting by takakura method

This research compares household organic waste compost results with the addition of local microorganism activators from banana peel and cassava peel waste with Effective Microorganisms (EM4). The composting method used is aerobic composting with the Takakura composting technique. This composting is carried out in 5 variations consisting of variation 1 (50% organic waste: 50% finished compost), variation 2 (50% organic waste: 50% finished compost: EM4), variation 3 (50% organic waste: 50% finished compost: local microorganism banana peel), variation 4 (50% organic waste: 50% compost made: local microorganism cassava peel), variation 5 (50% organic waste: 50% finished compost: local microorganism banana peel and cassava peel). The results showed that all variations of composting had met the maturity standard for parameters of temperature, pH, material reduction, texture, color, and smell and had met the SNI 19-7030-2004 standards. Analysis of all compost quality, including C-organic, nitrogen, C / N ratio, phosphorus, and potassium, has met SNI 19-7030-2004 standards. From 4 kg of raw material produced, solid compost ranges at 2.7-3 kg. The use of activators in the composting process can speed up the composting time by 8-12 days. Compost variations by scoring results in the compost consisting of 50% organic waste and 50% finished compost with 5 ml of local microorganism activator banana peel, and cassava peel is the best variation in compost maturity quality.

CO2 adsorption by KOH-activated hydrochar derived from banana peel waste

Hydrothermal carbonization is one of the effective methods of converting wet lignocellulosic biomass into carbon-rich hydrochar. Due to its characteristic application on CO2 capture and storage, many researchers have studied the CO2 uptake on activated hydrochar. The present work studies the CO2 uptake from banana-peel-derived activated hydrochar which is not presented in the literature. Hydrochar is obtained at three different temperatures (180, 200, and 220 °C) and activated using KOH. Characterization studies including SEM, XRD and FTIR were performed to examine the structure and chemistry of the derived activated hydrochar. The hydrochar sample (BP-180) when activated with a KOH/hydrochar ratio of 3 and an activation temperature of 700 °C has a well-developed microstructure with a surface area and pore volume of 243.4 m2/g and 0.0931 cm3/g, respectively. Samples obtained at higher process temperatures (BP-200 and BP-220) showed much lower porosity. Similarly, the maximum CO2 adsorption is recorded for BP-180 (3.8 mmol/g), followed by BP-200 and BP-220 with maximum adsorption capacities of 3.71 and 3.18 mmol/g, respectively, at 1 bar and 25 °C.

Kinetics and Thermodynamics Study on Removal of Cr(VI) from Aqueous Solutions Using Acid-Modified Banana Peel (ABP) Adsorbents.

Banana peel waste is abundant and can be utilized as a low-cost adsorbent for removing toxic Cr (VI) from wastewater. The acid modification of banana peels significantly enhances their adsorption capacity for Cr (VI). An adsorbent was prepared by treating banana peel powder with 50% H2SO4 at 50 °C for 24 h. The acid treatment increased the surface area of the adsorbent from 0.0363 to 0.0507 m2/g. The optimum adsorbent dose was found to be 1 g/L for the complete removal of Cr (VI) from 100 ppm solutions. The adsorption capacity was 161 mg/g based on the Langmuir isotherm model. The adsorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second order model. Increasing the temperature from 20 to 50 °C increased the initial adsorption rate but had a minor effect on the equilibrium adsorption capacity. Thermodynamics studies showed that the process was spontaneous and endothermic. The activation energy was estimated as 24.5 kJ/mol, indicating physisorption. FTIR analyses before and after adsorption showed the involvement of hydroxyl, carbonyl and carboxyl groups in binding the Cr (VI). The Cr (VI) was reduced to Cr (III), which then bound to functional groups on the adsorbent. Desorption under acidic conditions could recover 36% of the adsorbed Cr as Cr (III). No desorption occurred at a neutral pH, indicating irreversible adsorption. Overall, acid-modified banana peel is an efficient, low-cost and eco-friendly adsorbent for removing toxic Cr (VI) from wastewater.

Chemical Activation of Banana Peel Waste-Derived Biochar Using KOH and Urea for CO2 Capture.

This article describes the synthesis and characterization of porous carbon derived from waste banana peels by chemical activation with KOH or by activation KOH and urea modification. The as-synthesized samples were carefully characterized by various techniques. The prepared carbonaceous materials possess highly developed micropore and mesopore structures and high specific surface area (up to 2795 cm2/g for materials synthetized with KOH and 2718 cm2/g for activated carbons prepared with KOH and urea). A series of KOH-activated samples showed CO2 adsorption at 1 bar to 5.75 mmol/g at 0 °C and 3.74 mmol/g at 25 °C. The incorporation of nitrogen into the carbon sorbent structure increased the carbon uptake capacity of the resulting materials at 1 bar to 6.28 mmol/g and to 3.86 mmol/g at 0 °C and 25 °C, respectively. It was demonstrated that treatment with urea leads to a significant increase in nitrogen content and, consequently, CO2 adsorption, except for the material carbonized at 900 °C. At such a high temperature, almost complete decomposition of urea occurs. The results presented in this work could be used in the future for utilization of biomass such as banana peels as a low-cost adsorbent for CO2 capture, which could have a positive impact on the environment and human health protection.

Muz Kabuğu Atığı Küllerinin Seramik Sır Yapımında Kullanım Olanaklarının Araştırılması

Banana peel waste is a very rich source of alkali oxides used in glaze composition. Today, the importance of concepts such as sustainability, recycling, and upcycling has accelerated research into recycling mineral-rich resources such as banana peel, which is considered waste. The use of this mineral-rich resource in the production of ash glaze in the field of ceramic art and the development of new surface suggestions in ceramic art in this context constitute the basis of the research. In this research, the banana peel wastes obtained from Selçuk University dining hall were dried and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed, then the banana peel ash calcined at 1000 °C was analyzed by XRF analyzer on elemental basis between Na-U and oxide semi-quantitatively. Using the binary system, glaze recipes developed at 1200 °C from banana peel ash with potassium, sodium and ulexite additives were prepared and the possibilities of using banana peel ash in glaze were investigated.
 The results of the research show that banana peel ash can be used as the main source for obtaining natural ash glaze, as well as an alternative to alkali oxides in standard transparent glaze composition at 1200 °C.

Developing a sustainable grease from jojoba oil with plant waste based nanoadditives for enhancement of rolling bearing performance

This paper presents a novel grease from jojoba oil and activated carbon nanoparticles (ACNPs) extracted from banana peel waste. The raw jojoba oil and ACNPs are first characterized for structural properties. Samples of jojoba grease blended with 0.5 and 1.5 wt. % ACNPs are prepared and tested for physicochemical and tribological properties as compared to plain jojoba grease. Adding ACNPs to jojoba grease improves corrosion resistance from grade 2c to 1a while increasing the dropping point from 100 to 109 °C. ACNPs enhanced the viscosity of jojoba oil by up to 33% for testing temperature range of 40–100 °C. The load-carrying capacity of jojoba grease is increased by about 60% when blended with 1.5 wt.% ACNPs. The same blending decreased both the coefficient of friction and the wear scar diameter by 38% and 24%, respectively. A customized test rig is used to test the effectiveness of the grease samples in rolling bearing lubrication in terms of vibration levels and power consumption. The novel jojoba grease proved to show exceptional reductions power consumption reaching 25%. The vibration spectra show the absence of resonant peaks at high frequencies suggesting the capability of jojoba grease to form a stable full film lubrication.

A Comparison of ethanol production utilizing separated hydrolysis fermentation and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation methods applied to Tanduk banana peel waste

In 2021, Indonesia’s banana production is expected to reach 8.74 million tons. This substantial volume of bananas will generate a notable quantity of banana peel waste, constituting approximately one-third of the total banana fruit mass. Remarkably, banana peel waste retains 18.5% carbohydrates, which can be effectively converted into glucose, serving as a valuable feedstock for ethanol production. This research is focused on the ethanol production derived from Tanduk banana peel waste, employing a comparative analysis of the Separated Hydrolysis Fermentation (SHF) and Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) techniques. Additionally, it explored varying raw material concentrations, specifically 200, 250, and 300 g/L. The SSF method integrated the use of cellulase enzymes, while the SHF method relied on HCl for the hydrolysis process. Microbial fermentation was facilitated by Saccharomyces cerevisiae, with a fermentation duration of 96 hours and sample collection at 12-hour intervals. The results demonstrated that higher concentrations of banana peel waste yield increased glucose production during the hydrolysis process, consequently leading to greater ethanol produced. The concentration of 300 g/L banana peel waste is optimal for producing ethanol in both procedures. However, the SHF approach demonstrates a superior ethanol concentration of 51%, surpassing the 33.7% achieved by the SSF method.