Bamboo Plants Research Articles

Taylor’s Power Law for Leaf Bilateral Symmetry

Leaf shape and symmetry is of interest because of the importance of leaves in photosynthesis. Recently, a novel method was proposed to measure the extent of bilateral symmetry in leaves in which a leaf was divided into left and right sides by a straight line through the leaf apex and base, and a number of equidistant strips were drawn perpendicular to the straight line to generate an equivalent number of differences in area between the left and right parts. These areal differences are the basis for a measure of leaf bilateral symmetry, which was then examined to see how well it follows Taylor’s power law (TPL) using three classes of plants, namely, 10 geographical populations of Parrotia subaequalis (H.T. Chang) R.M. Hao et H.T. Wei, 10 species of Bambusoideae, and 10 species of Rosaceae. The measure of bilateral symmetry followed TPL for a single species or for a class of closely related species. The estimate of the exponent of TPL for bamboo plants was significantly larger than for the dicotyledonous trees, but its goodness of fit was the best among the three classes of plants. The heterogeneity of light falling on branches and leaves due to above-ground architectural patterns is an important contributor to leaf asymmetry.

Analisis Potensi Ketersediaan Tanaman Bambu dan Pemasaran Kerajinan Bambu di Desa Kayubihi Kecamatan Bangli Kabupaten Bangli

The Potential Analysis Availability Of Bamboo Plants and The Marketing ofBamboos Product at Kayubihi Village, Bangli Distric, Bangli Regency.
 Analysis of the potential availability of bamboo plants in Kayubihi Village, BangliSubdistrict, Bangli Regency is divided into two analyzes, namely the analysis ofpotential availability and marketing analysis. Analysis of potential availability to knowthe potency of bamboo found in Kayubihi Village while for marketing seen marketingchannel, marketing margin, and profit margin with the election of three main productsproduced by Kayubihi Village. Types of data used in this study are qualitative data andquantitative data and data sources obtained from primary data and secondary data. Datacollection methods used there are three namely Library research, field research andstudy literature. The population in this study were 50 bamboo farmers who were alsobamboo craftsmen. Data analysis was done descriptively quantitative and qualitativedescriptive. The results showed that the analysis of potential availability with five typesof bamboo plants is under 200 clumps/ha which means not yet potential. Bamboo isprocessed into handicrafts and marketed for marketing the main products are sokasi,cakes basket, and coocked rice basked. Each product has three marketing channels. Themost profit margin obtained in each marketing channel is at producer level. The shortestmarketing margin in each channel because it is directly to the consumer.

Transcriptional alterations during proliferation and lignification in Phyllostachys nigra cells

Highly-lignified culms of bamboo show distinctive anatomical and mechanical properties compared with the culms of other grass species. A cell culture system for Phyllostachys nigra has enabled investigating the alterations in cellular states associated with secondary cell wall formation during its proliferation and lignification in woody bamboos. To reveal transcriptional changes related to lignification in bamboo, we analyzed transcriptome in P. nigra cells treated with the synthetic auxin 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and the synthetic cytokinin benzylaminopurine (BA) by RNA-seq analysis. We found that some genes putatively involved in cell wall biogenesis and cell division were up-regulated in response to the 2,4-D treatment, and the induction of lignification by the BA treatment was correlated with up-regulation of genes involved in the shikimate pathway. We also found that genes encoding MYB transcription factors (TFs) show correlated expression patterns with those encoding cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), suggesting that MYB TFs presumably regulate secondary cell wall formation in the bamboo cells. These findings suggest that cytokinin signaling may regulate lignification in P. nigra cells through coordinated transcriptional regulation and metabolic alterations. Our results have also produced a useful resource for better understanding of secondary cell wall formation in bamboo plants.

Growth Responses and Photosynthetic Indices of Bamboo Plant (Indocalamus latifolius) under Heavy Metal Stress.

Investigating factors involved in the alleviation of the toxic effects of heavy metals (HMs) on plants is regarded as one of the important research concerns in the environmental field. The southern regions of China are severely impacted by human-induced heavy metal (HM) contamination, which poses an impediment to growth and productivity of bamboo (Indocalamus latifolius) plants. This necessitates the investigation of the effects of HMs on growth and physiological properties of bamboo. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate some gas exchange and growth parameters in two-year-old bamboo species under HMs stress. A greenhouse-based experiment was conducted at Nanjing Forestry University, where the bamboo plant was treated with three HMs (Cu, Pb, and Zn) at four different concentrations (0, 500, 1000, and 2000 mg kg-1). The results illustrated that excessive HMs (1000 and 2000 mg kg−1) triggered a decline in a number of photosynthetic-related indices including the rate of photosynthesis (μmol CO2 m−2 s−1), intercellular CO2 concentration (μmol CO2 mol−1), conductance to H2O (mol H2O m−2 s−1), and net assimilation as well as transpiration. Morphological indices were also depressed as a result of the adverse influence of HMs, leading to decreased shoot length (10 to 73%) and reduced number of emerged plants (6 to 57%). Also, the results indicated that Pb had the greatest harmful impact on the growth indices.

Beetles in bamboo forests: community structure in a heterogeneous landscape of southwestern Amazonia.

Amazonian bamboo forests dominated by large woody bamboo plants in the genus Guadua cover approximately 180,000 km2 and represent a key resource for many organisms. In southwestern Amazonia, native bamboo forests differ in structure, biodiversity, and growth dynamics from other forest types in the region. However, with the exception of a few species in which habitat specialization or a strong habitat association has been demonstrated, little is known about how bamboo forests influence animal community structure. In an effort to understand more about the animal assemblages associated with Amazonian bamboo forests, we characterized the structure of ground-dwelling beetle assemblages living in bamboo forests and adjacent terra firme forests in a lowland rainforest site in Peru. We conducted intensive pitfall trap surveys in 13 bamboo habitat patches and 13 adjacent terra firme habitat patches to determine if there were differences in the abundance and richness of beetle species in these two habitat types. Additionally, given that southwestern Amazonia experiences distinct dry and wet seasons, we conducted our study during the dry and wet season of one year to account for differences in seasonality. We found a distinct beetle assemblage associated with each forest type, and identified a set of dominant species that significantly contributed to the distinctness in beetle community structure between bamboo and terra firme forest. The terra firme forest had a greater number of rare species than the bamboo forest. Several beetle species exhibited a strong association with the bamboo forest, including a large species of Scarabaeidae that appears to be specializing on bamboo. We also found marked differences in beetle assemblages between dry and wet seasons. Our results support the prediction that beetle community structure in bamboo forest differs from that of terra firme in terms of species richness, abundance, and composition. Bamboo-associated animal communities require more exploration and study, and must be included in regional conservation plans seeking to protect entire animal communities in southwestern Amazonia.

Stiffness and toughness gradation of bamboo from a damage tolerance perspective

Typical bamboo plants, in order to gain phototropic advantage over other land plants, are known to achieve heights of up to 20 m. They have also evolved radially graded and have almost transversely isotropic elastic properties (with the longitudinal direction being the axis of isotropy) primarily owing to the areal distribution of fibre bundles. These bundles are densely packed in the outer periphery of the cross section and sparsely in the inner. As shown in a previous work (Mannan et al., 2016), the axial modulus of a bamboo culm can be estimated from a careful measurement of the angle that cellulose microfibrils make with the axis of the fibres and their areal density distribution. In the first part of this paper, using these micromechanical estimates as the starting point and a combination of digital image correlation and Finite Element simulations, more complete information about the overall stiffness of a culm and its variation across the radius is obtained. Further, these stiffness measurements are used to determine crack resistance curves for almost all crack growth and loading direction combinations possible in a radially graded, transversely isotropic material. Finally, these fracture toughness measurements are used to show how the radially graded stiffness and toughness helps bamboo to convert flaws of all orientations into ones that propagate in a splitting mode along the length of the fibres. It is surmised that, under bending loads, the fracture toughnesses in various orientations have evolved in a manner as to trigger easy kinking of all flaws to the longitudinal direction.

Differences in Photosynthesis of Variegated Temple Bamboo Leaves with Various Levels of Variegation are Related to Chlorophyll Biosynthesis and Chloroplast Development

Variegated temple bamboo (Sinobambusa tootsik f. luteoloalbostriata) is a species of ornamental bamboo (Bambusoideae) that has gained popularity because of its striped or variegated leaves. In this study, a series of experiments was conducted to determine the factors contributing to the leaf color of this species, which included the content of the photosynthetic pigments and the chlorophyll biosynthetic precursors, the photosynthetic parameters, and the microstructure and ultrastructure of the different phenotypes. Discoloration in the leaves of variegated temple bamboo plants is attributed to two possible pathways. One was a block in chlorophyll biosynthesis, which led to the failure in biosynthesis of the thylakoid membrane. The other one was a disruption in chloroplast development. The lack of thylakoid membrane may have inhibited the conversion of coproporphyrinogen III (Coprogen III) to protoporphyrin IX (Proto IX) during the chlorophyll biosynthesis because the enzyme responsible for this conversion, protogen oxidase, is bound to the thylakoid membrane. The abnormalities in chloroplasts and a low concentration of chlorophyll in the variegated leaves led to a significantly lower photosynthetic rate than in the entirely green leaves, as demonstrated in the light-response curve.

PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN KERUPUK SARI DAUN BAMBU UNTUK MEMANFAATKAN HASIL POTENSI DESA DAN MENINGKATKAN PEREKONOMIAN WARGA DUSUN PETISSARI DESA BABAKSARI KECAMATAN DUKUN KABUPATEN GRESIK

Bamboo which has not been developed so far will only add to the stack of bamboo leaves organic waste. People who do not know the benefits of more than bamboo will certainly burn the waste produced by bamboo plants. Bamboo leaves are known to contain various active substances, namely polysaccharides, chlorophyll, flavonoids, vitamins, amino acids, and microelements able to overcome several types of diseases, including gout, prevent heart disease, cancer, overcome intestinal worms, and launch menstruation. Babaksari villagers, especially petissari hamlets, still do not know that bamboo leaves can be used as food preparations, one of which is that bamboo leaves can be used as processed crackers, which we know that crackers are foods that are mandatory in Indonesian society. With the innovation of new products, this bamboo leaf cracker can add to the income of the villagers of Babaksari. The aim of this project is to, among others, strive to improve the economy of the Babaksari village community, increase the sale value of bamboo leaves through various processed village snacks, Establish business groups / communities as a form of product sustainability. Key Word :Bamboo, organic

A Study on Cane and Bamboo Handicraft Industry in North-East India

India's North Eastern Region where Bamboo plants are abundant and generate some jobs and economic well-being for villagers while contributing to some rural development. Yet, the cane and bamboo sector remains underdeveloped despite growing international markets for cane and bamboo products, and the existence and/or creation of several government and non-government agencies in India for developing cane and bamboo economies in North Eastern Region. Lack of technological innovations along with inadequate policy support has resulted in the steady stagnation of this industry. The bamboo handicraft sector is under immense pressure as far as the artisans are concerned mainly due to its unorganized stature along with the additional inhibitors, viz. poor development indicators and indices, low capital, poor exposure to new technologies, absence of market intelligence, presence of the formal and non-viable informal sector, lack of a proper institutional and organisational arrangements, significant policy support for the industrial upliftment, and adequate appropriate policy support for the social development, social protection and social security of the traditional artisans in the south Indian states. The present study indicates that development of efficient marketing channels and the problems of the handicraft industry.

Bamboo: Green Source for Future Applications in different Fields

Bamboo the fastest growing plant that belonging to the true grass family “Poaceae” in the planet. All over the world there are about 1250 species and 90 genera of bamboo plants. Bamboo is sustainable and eco-friendly material as: (a) It grow much faster than conventional trees (3–6 yrs versus 30–50 yrs), so it recover deforestation and soil erosion quickly; (b) It releases about 35% more oxygen than the hard-wood trees thus reducing global warming effect; (c) In future, it will remove the problem of E-waste due to its biodegradable nature; (d) It has strong, flexible and light weight woody stem. Because of its highly multipurpose properties bamboo is suitable for numerous end products/purposes worldwide such as: construction, handicraft industry, city furniture, textile and paper industry, house-hold products, bicycles, laptop, electric fan, wind mill blades, photo voltaic panels or monopiles etc. In addition, the shoots of Young bamboo are considered as one of the delicious healthy food; due to the presence of high amount of proteins, minerals, vitamins and carbohydrates etc. According to survey done by researchers, many bamboo shoots have anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore it is also used for traditional or herbal treatments. The main objective of this paper is to give an overview regarding the past and present use of bamboo. Its future perspective for the use of society and growth of the world is also briefed.

Utilisation of Green Synthesised Silver Nanoparticles for Water Quality Management

In the present study silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using leaves of bamboo plant, Bambus vulgaris and the size of the nanoparticles was confirmed using XRD, EDAX, SEM, TEM, PSA analysis. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized NPs showed a good antibacterial activity against the waterborne isolates, E. coli, Staphyllococcus aureus, Vibrio cholera and Salmonella sp. Further the anti algal activity of the NPs was tested against the algae, Dictyosphaerium pulchellum, and Algoriphagus chordate. The SEM studies revealed that the AgNPs breaks the cell wall of algae and inhibits the growth. The safe dose of AgNPs can be used in aquaculture farms, household water tanks and other small water bodies to wipe out waterborne pathogens and algal bloom.

Muli bamboo (Melocanna baccifera) leaves ethanolic extract a non-toxic phyto-prophylactic against low pH stress and saprolegniasis in Labeo rohita fingerlings

Bamboo (Melocanna baccifera) plant plays a significant role in traditional Asian medicine and it can be used as an alternative to various chemo-therapeutics or prophylactic agents used in aquaculture. In the present study, the 1st experiment was done for the preparation of extracts from bamboo leaves by using 90% alcohol as a solvent. In the 2nd experiment, toxicity study was carried on Labeo rohita fingerlings (average length of 10.3 ± 1.5 cm and weight 18.5 ± 1.5 g) using BLAL (Bamboo Leaf Alcoholic) extract and it did not show any mortalities in fish even at the dose of 20 g kg−1 body weight, which can be regarded as virtually non-toxic with minimal effect. The 3rd experiment was conducted to find out the effect of BLAL extract based isocaloric and isonitrogenous feed (doses: control- 0.0%, diet T1-0.01%, diet T2-0.1%, diet T3-1% BLAL extract kg−1 feed) on the haemato-immuno-biochemical parameters of L. rohita fingerlings (average length 15.7 ± 1.5 cm and weight 20.2 ± 1.5 g). Regular sampling was done (on 7th, 15th, 30th and 60th day of feeding) for different haematological, immunological and biochemical parameters. The study revealed that the best response occurred within 7 days of feeding with BLAL extract and long-term feeding have shown immunosuppressive condition in the fish. In the 4th experiment, fish were exposed to multiple stressors like low pH stress, and Saprolegnia parastica infection after feeding with BLAL extract (0.1%) based feed for 7 days. The study showed that the BLAL extract can make fish resistant to single stress however, not able to reduce the fish mortality under multiple stresses (S. parastica infection under low pH). Thus, it can be concluded that the BLAL has the potentiality to be used as a non-toxic phyto-prophylactic which can induce non-specific immune response, reduces the low pH stress responses and increases the resistance against saprolegniasis under neutral pH condition in rohu fingerlings.

Genetic variability in different growth forms of Dendrocalamus strictus: Deogun revisited

BackgroundBamboo is among the important plants that help shape the socio-economic fabric of rural India. It provides employment, sustains business ventures, has medicinal applications and even helps in carbon sequestration. Out of 125 indigenous species, Dendrocalamus strictus (Roxb.) Nees occupies 53% of the area of bamboo in the country. Moreover, D. strictus may be used in afforestation of wastelands and rural development programmes due to its adaptability in wider landscapes. Dendrocalamus strictus has different growth forms based on edaphic factors and climatic conditions. DNA profiling was used to analyse the genetic diversity among the different growth forms of D. strictus present in three different locations of Uttarakhand.MethodsThe study area includes three locations, first, reserve forest of the Forest Research Institute (FRI), Dehradun; second, Shivpuri near Byasi, Rishikesh; and third, Chiriapur range (Haridwar district). A standard method was used to isolate DNA from young leaves from ten clumps of each growth form. Ten RAPD primers were screened for polymorphism from A and N operon primers and a standard PCR protocol was followed to amplify and visualise DNA bands. The data matrix was analysed and interpreted using statistical software and methods.ResultsThe cluster analysis, genetic structure parameters, moderate coefficient of gene differentiation and low gene flow value all indicated that these growth forms are genetically dissimilar and that geographic separation as well as physiological/flowering barriers has influenced these variations. These genetically different growth forms can be called ecotypes.ConclusionsSuch a study has not been attempted previously with bamboo and will help inform the conservation of the genetic pool of bamboo ecotypes. Seeds of these ecotypes are monocarpic in nature, which means that bamboo plants flower once in their lifetime, so they must be collected and multiplied (as plantations) in their respective habitats.

In vitro propagation of bamboo species through axillary shoot proliferation: a review

Bamboos, very relevant plants in many countries around the world, are propagated at large scale with extreme difficulties. Use of seeds is challenging because of plant’s sporadic flowering and long flowering cycles, together with seed recalcitrance and consumption by wild animals. Vegetative propagation of bamboo is mainly conducted by cuttings and by air layering. However, these methods are only useful at small-scale because they damage the mother plants, propagation material is bulky and difficult to be transported and is only available during few months of the year. Therefore, in vitro propagation offers the opportunity to obtain large progenies from elite genotypes. In most cases, when developing protocols for in vitro propagation of plants, specific conditions for individual species, genotypes and even development stages of the donor plants must be identified by trial-and-error experiments. Because of the size of and the large diversity observed in this plant family, it usually takes several months to define most adequate culture medium, combination of plant growth regulators and of other compounds for fostering the desired development in the explants. Therefore, in this detailed review, that also puts together results from hard-to-find literature, we list all identified cases, in which development of axillary shoots was used to propagate bamboo plants, by presenting successful ways for disinfection, in vitro bud sprouting, multiplication, rooting and acclimatization.

Microhabitat use of the western black-crested gibbon inhabiting an isolated forest fragment in southern Yunnan, China: implications for conservation of an endangered species.

Due to the synergistic effects of hunting and habitat loss, populations of the western black-crested gibbon are currently restricted to isolated forest fragments. The home range use of this species in fragmented forests is presumptively related to spatial, food and vegetation attributes, as in other primates. We examined the distributions of different food resources, the structure of the vegetation (tree density, DBH, and height), and the microhabitat use of one gibbon group in an isolated and disturbed forest at Bajiaohe in southern Yunnan, China. The results indicated that the gibbons used the edge habitat frequently, which was subject to more anthropogenic disturbance than the interior forest, and they appeared to adapt to discontinuous canopy cover by using bamboo and tsaoko plants for travel. The group also modified its diet in response to fluctuations in food availability and the local flora. However, the gibbons intensively used areas with high tree fruit availability across the two study periods. It is suggested that the microhabitat use by the group was mostly affected by the distribution of particular food resources and canopy gaps caused by selective logging. Protecting the current distribution area and planting native important food species to boost habitat quality and connectivity should be considered as part of conservation plans of the western black crested gibbon living in limited areas.

Diversity and Utilization of Bamboo Plants in The Area of Hotel in Kedewatan Village, Ubud, Bali

Bamboo or tiying (Balinese language) is a widely used non-timber plant in Indonesia especially in Bali. The presence of bamboo appertains to its ethno-botanical function of bamboo especially for rituals. However, there are other utilization of bamboo which is naturally grown or intentionally planted. Kedewatan as a famous place in northern Ubud, Bali have many lavish hotels with its natural environment and appealing place. The aims of this study is to invent bamboo species diversity and bamboo utilization on private areas of hotel in Kedewatan. Methods used in this study was field survey with observation and interview technic. Observation was implemented by purposive sampling methods by selecting hotel which adjacent to Ayung and Wos rivers. Interview was conducted with some key persons in charge on managing hotel garden. In addition, bamboo species identification was established through literature study. The results show that there are eleven bamboo species found on the survey area with most commonly employed species in the area were tiying tali (Gigantochloa apus (J.A. & J.H. Schultes) Kurz.) and tiying gading (Phyllostachys sulphurea (Carr.) A. e.t. C. Riv.) which were belong to exotic species. The areas which bamboo cultivated were welcome area as a hedgerow and near hotel lobby, between, outside and inside villa buildings, and naturally grown in the riverbanks with a good landscaping arrangement. Bamboo plantations were utilized to adorn and support the quality of the hotel building as well as to conserve soil and water along Ayung and Wos river canyons. The other utilization of bamboo was to facilitate ritual activity in Kedewatan village. They are allowed to ask for limited amount of bamboo culms with condition not to damage the physical appearance and function that desired by the hotel manager or hotel owner.

Weibull analysis of the tensile strength dependence with fiber diameter of giant bamboo

The fibers extracted from the stem of the giant bamboo plant have been investigated as possible composite reinforcement due to their relatively high tensile strength. A dimensional characterization of the distribution and the effect of diameter on the mechanical resistance of bamboo fiber of the species Dendrocalmus giganteus has not yet been performed. The present work characterized the distribution of a bundle of this bamboo fiber. Based on this characterization, diameter intervals were set and the dependence of the tensile strength of these fibers with a corresponding diameter was analyzed by the Weibull method. The results indicated an inverse dependence, in which the highest tensile strength was obtained for the thinnest fibers. Moreover, a mathematical hyperbolic relationship was found to adjust well this inverse correlation. An investigation of the microstructure by means of scanning electron microscopy revealed a potential mechanism for this correlation.

Phenotypic and Comparative Transcriptome Analysis of Different Ploidy Plants in Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro.

Elucidating the differences in gene expression profiles of plants with different ploidy levels and how they affect phenotypic traits is vital to allow genetic improvement of plants such as Ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus Munro). We previously obtained triploid (2n = 3X = 36), hexaploid (2n = 6X = 72), and dodecaploid (2n = 12X = 144) Ma bamboo plants from embryogenic callus by anther culturing. Phenotypic differences between these plants appeared to be correlated with differences in ploidy. Here, we performed transcriptome profiling and sequencing of anther-regenerated plants and F1 seedlings of different ploidy levels using RNA-Seq technology. Pair-wise comparisons of the four resulting libraries revealed 8,396 differentially expressed genes. These differentially expressed genes were annotated, functionally classified, and partially validated. We found that the chromosome doubling led to substantially up- or down-regulation of genes that were involved in cell growth and differentiation; the polyploidy levels altered the anatomical, physiological and growth characteristics, such as leaf thickness, fusoid cell and stomatal size, shoot number, photosynthesis and respiration rate and so on. Additionally, two candidate genes, EXPB3 and TCP with potenitial regulatory roles in cell division and differentiation, were identified through gene coexpresseion network analysis. These results highlight the significance of potential applications of polyploidy, and provide valuable information for the genetic breeding of bamboo species.

Acute Toxicity of Ethanol Extract of Polygonum pulchrum Blume using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test Method

The potential toxicity effect presents in the medicinal plants is important to be identified for the safety assurance. Accute toxicity study is an initial step in the drug safety assurance test. Thus, the aim of this study is to identify the potential acute toxicity of roots, stems, leaves, and flowers ethanol extracts of bamboo bamboo plants (Polygonum pulchrum Blume). This study used brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) method. The total number of larvae used in each concentrations in three times replications was 330 larvae. Each group was given consecutively roots, stems, leaves and flowers ethanol extracts of P. pulchrum Blume plants with variation concentrations 12.5 μg/ml, 25 μg/ml, 50 μg/ml, 100 μg/ml, 125 μg/ml, 250 μg/ ml, 500 μg/ml, 1000 μg/ml, 2000 μg/ml, and 4000 μg/ml. The number of dead larvae after 24 hours treatment were calculated to obtain the mortality percentages and to determine the LC50 value, which were determined by probit analysis using MiniTab application version 17.1.0. Ethanol extract of P. pulchrum roots and stems resulted LC50 values of 933.08 μg/ml and 919.58 μg/ml, respectively. While the LC50 values of leaves and flowers extracts were 2207.06 μg/ml and 1081.90 μg/ml, respectively. In conclusion, P. pulchrum Blume roots and stems were classified as toxic according to BLST method, while leaves and flowers were not. Keywords: acute toxicity, brine shrimp lethality test, Polygonum pulchrum Blume

Bamboo NiR gene is associated with regeneration capacity

ABSTRACTIt was reported that the activity of NiR (nitrite reductase) enzyme encoded by the NiR gene was correlated with the regeneration ability in rice. To testify the function of NiR gene in bamboo, seven bamboo species whose calli had different differentiation rate were chosen to analyse their NiR enzyme activity. The results showed that bamboo NiR enzymatic activity had a certain correlation with the regeneration capacity. A NiR gene named DhNiR from Dendrocalamus hamiltonii with high regeneration capacity was cloned. Sequence analysis revealed that the ORF of DhNiR was 1779bp encoding 592 amino acids. Overexpression of DhNiR in rice reduced the time of shoot differentiation and increased the transformation rate, suggesting that DhNiR might play an important role in the regeneration ability of bamboo, and can be applied in regeneration and gene transformation of bamboo and other plant species.