Bamboo Plants Research Articles

Pengaruh Pemanfaatan Abu Tumbuhan Perumpung Terhadap Peningkatan Kuat Tekan Beton K300

Perumpung (Eulalia japonica) is a wild plant that usually grows on the banks of river. The locals consider this plant as a waste/pest, but the authors are interested in researching perumpung because they are similar to bamboo, sugarcane and other fibrous plants. In this study, the authors aims to compare the compressive strength of normal concrete with the compressive strength of concrete added with Perumpung ash at 28-days-old K-300. The study used a cube-shaped test object (15 x 15 x 15 cm) with 6 samples for each condition. The total number of test objects is 48, which consists of 8 conditions, namely normal conditions and 5%, 7.5%, 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5% and 20% addition of perumpung ash by cement weight. The results obtained that the compressive strength of 28-days-old concrete under normal conditions was 316,060 kg/cm2 and the addition of 5% ash was 331.583 kg/cm2, 7.5% was 337.181 kg/cm2, 10% was 341.813 kg/cm2, 12 ,5% is 347,045 kg/cm2, 15% is 353,889 kg/cm2, 17.5% is 311,160 kg/cm2 and 20% is 298.44 kg/cm2. From the results above it can be concluded that the addition of 15% Perumpung Ash to the concrete mixture increases the maximum characteristic concrete compressive strength by 353.889 kg/cm2.

DOMESTIC MARKET DEMAND IDENTIFICATION FOR SUSTAINABLE BAMBOO ECOTOURISM PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY IN SEMBALUN LAWANG


 
 
 
 Despite its applaudable economic benefits (Fleischer & Felsenstein 2000, Goodwin 2008), over-tourism could cause detrimental effects on environment and local cultures. Ecotourism as one of the fastest growing industries in the world (UNWTO, 2001; Self et al, 2010) that balances between economic opportunity as well as cultural and natural preservation should be pervasively applied in Indonesia with abundant natural and cultural competitiveness as the third largest biodiversity in the world after Brazil and Zaire (Janita, 2012). Previous studies revealed the needs to conduct research on responsible marketing and very limited studies investigate responsible product development for bamboo ecotourism concept. Hence, this quantitative study with 64 respondents (18-53 y-o) aims at examining Indonesian domestic market needs and trends as a basis to design responsible bamboo ecotourism products as a part of responsible marketing efforts in Sembalun Lawang, Lombok, Indonesia. This study was carried out through online questionnaire by attaching short-video and description about Sembalun Lawang bamboo forest attractions for ecotourism. The research result shows that 92% of respondents found the bamboo forest is attractive and suitable for ecotourism concept. Among 18 potential activities, the study shows top five desired bamboo ecotourism activities encompassing; picture taking at natural spots, nature walk, learning about local culture on bamboo usage, learning about types and benefits of bamboo plants, and enjoying surrounding fauna and flora. Since the study is confined to Indonesian domestic market research, further research should be carried out to examine international market research trend for responsible bamboo ecotourism development.
 
 
 

Etnofarmasi Tunas Bambu Kuning Sebagai Pengobatan Hepatitis di Wuluhan Jember

Observations on the efficacy of yellow bamboo in Wuluhan Village, Jember have been carried out since May-June 2021, this study aims to find information on local knowledge of the people of Wuluhan Village about the properties contained in yellow bamboo plants that can be used for traditional hepatitis treatment. This research uses two stages, namely the first to seek information by exploring the potential of the surrounding community by using participatory observation methods and open interviews that we carried out with several community leaders in Wuluhan Village, the second data collection process that we carried out was using a sample collection technique, namely the snowball technique. sampling and purposive sampling, if the data collection technique that we do is deemed insufficient, we ask for recommendations from sources to find other reliable sources of informants. Analysis of the data used is a literature study with the method of collecting data in the form of open interviews, based on the results of this study it is known that 88% of the people of Wuluhan Village use yellow bamboo shoots as a traditional treatment that can cure hepatitis.

A Study of Environmentally Friendly Menstrual Absorbents in the Context of Social Change for Adolescent Girls in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.

Girls in low- and middle-income countries struggle to maintain good menstrual hygiene in part due to a lack of affordable sanitary products. The unaffordability of reliable sanitary products can lead to school absenteeism and is a barrier to education attainment and gender equality for girls in low-income contexts. Further, the lack of adequate disposal facilities can lead to social embarrassment and environmental pollution. Low-cost biodegradable absorbents (cotton terry cloth, linen, hemp cloth and bamboo wadding) were investigated in gelatine solution in terms of their absorption for use in menstrual hygiene. Bamboo wadding exhibits the highest absorption index (7.86), greater than cotton terry cloth (0.84), hemp cloth (1.4), linen (1.57) and a commercial sanitary pad (4.38). Though the absorption index of bamboo wadding is promising, especially in light of the vast availability of bamboo in tropical low- and middle-income countries, challenges lie in overcoming complex extraction processes from bamboo plants, which is discussed. This simple research of a physical material from a technical aspect, if further investigated with a social science and policy lens, could increase school attendance, improve the education levels attained by girls and be a key step towards gender equality in low- and middle-income countries.

PENGEMBANGAN POTENSI KEWIRAUSAHAAN DALAM UPAYA PENINGKATAN PEREKONOMIAN MASYARAKAT DESA BLOKANG SERANG BANTEN

The development of rural local potential is one part of national development efforts. Desa Blokang, Serang is located between the industrial area of Tangerang and Serang that has the potential its natural resources, one of them is bamboo plants, but this local potential has not been utilized properly by the community, the desire of its inhabitants to be able to increase local income is not accompanied by an understanding of production and local resource innovation. Therefore, the purpose of this event is to provide training and assistance for its people about the economic potential of the village and develop the potential by increasing entrepreneurship. The method used is by enlightenment to the community. The positive response was seen from the enthusiasm from the partisipants in following the material and increased understanding of the diversification of local food production and marketing of products via the internet. This provides hope for an increase in household and village income with existing entrepreneurial opportunities.

Life history, nesting behaviour, and social behaviour of Stigmaeopsis spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae)

ABSTRACT Stigmaeopsis mites are voracious feeders of bamboo plants, Pleioblastus spp., Miscanthus spp., and Sasa spp. Fifteen species of the genus Stigmaeopsis have been reported worldwide. Their life history is affected by temperature and they can have many generations overlap in their nests under favourable conditions. Stigmaeopsis species overwinter as only adult stages in temperate zones. Males kill conspecific males to mate with unmated females. Most Stigmaeopsis mites defaecate at pre-determined sites, which differ among species. Stigmaeopsis mites determine defaecation sites through volatile chemical cues or tactile stimuli. Herein, we discuss advances in the understanding of aspects of Stigmaeopsis mite biology and behaviour, such as life history, life types, reproduction, overwintering, nest building and sizing, defaecation, mating, and defence against predators. We conclude that there is a paucity in the literature concerning the biological traits of Stigmaeopsis. Furthermore, we suggest that additional research be performed on the effects of temperature, geographic distribution, and biological and chemical control on the species of this genus.

DESIGN AND MANUFACTURE OF BAMBOO HANDICRAFT DRYER MACHINE BASED ON LPG GAS

Bamboo plant is one of Indonesia's natural resources. People use bamboo to make household furniture, fences, frames, and handicrafts. Bamboo plant is a special commodity that can be used as various kinds of handicraft products in DIY, precisely in Brajan area, Sleman Regency. Based on observations that have been conducted on one of the bamboo craftsmen in the Brajan area, bamboo handicraft is in great demand due to they have a unique and ethnic appearance, but the production process is quite complicated and takes a long time. According to the literature, this is due to bamboo plants are classified as herbaceous plants, namely plants with watery or wet stems. So far, the method used is drying bamboo handicrafts under the hot sun, and using a dryer that can only be used for one type of handicraft. This method is not optimal and not effective for producing bamboo handicrafts. Therefore, it is necessary to apply appropriate technology to optimize the production of bamboo crafts, the solution is to manufacture bamboo dryers to facilitate bamboo handicraft producers in the bamboo drying process. In general, the appearance of this tool resembles a cupboard. This tool has a size of 1200x800x1800 mm with three chambers. This tool works by utilizing the heat from the LPG gas stove. As a temperature controller, this tool is equipped with a blower that has been programmed with Arduino Uno and functions to stabilize the temperature if the heat generated exceeds the maximum limit. The dryer machine can dry bamboo handicrafts to a water content of 2.5% in just 40 minutes, very efficient compared to conventional methods. This tool can facilitate and optimize the production of bamboo handicrafts in the ​​Brajan area, Sleman, Special Region of Yogyakarta.

Phosphorus circular economy of disposable baby nappy waste: Quantification, assessment of recycling technologies and plan for sustainability

This study assessed the potential for minimizing human excreta bound phosphorus (P) loss through used disposable baby nappies, an area that remained unexplored for nations. Accordingly, it performed a substance flow analysis to assess the national P loss through used disposable baby nappies in the case of Australia. The analysis revealed that approximately 308 tonne P is lost through used baby nappies to landfills in Australia in 2019, which is nearly 2.5% of the overall P excreta as human waste. Although the quantity seems small in percentage term, it could result in the loss of a significant amount of P over several years, as assessed 5452 tonne P over the 2001–2019 period, which is concerning in the context of anticipated future global P scarcity. The review of peer-reviewed literature on available technologies/methods for recycling disposable baby nappy waste indicates that there are some technologies for recycling P particularly through co-composting with food and other organic wastes, while the majority of these are still at the lab/pilot scale. There are also various recycling techniques with purpose ranging from energy recovery to volume reduction, generation of pulp, hydrogel, cellulose, and polymer as well as to increase yield stress and viscosity of concrete, however, these are not effective in P recovery. The study implies that compost made of nappy waste can be used as fertilizer to produce bamboo, cotton, and maize plants to supply raw materials for producing biodegradable nappies, hence, to close the loop. The various product and system design options e.g., designing for flushing, designing for disassembling the excreta containing part, and designing for community composting suggested in this study could be further researched for identifying best suitable option to achieve P circular economy of disposable baby nappies. This study also recommends necessary interventions at various stages of the nappy life cycle to ensure sustainable management of phosphorus.

Study on the impacts of LULC change on the wildlife habitat and the livelihood of people in and around Dampa Tiger Reserve, Mizoram, India

Anthropogenic activities are a matter of serious concern in the Indian Himalayan region due to adverse impacts on wildlife and habitats. This study examines resource use patterns by local people in relation to the habitat of Malayan Sun Bear in and around Dampa Tiger Reserve in Mizoram. Standard questionnaire surveys and vegetation sampling methods were used for data collection and analysis. It was found that 221.3 km2 (33.3%) of the forested areas have high human interference in the form of logging, indiscriminate tree falling and fuel wood collection, while 26% was moderately affected and 18% of the reserve had no impact. Among vegetation resources, fuel wood was used in the highest quantity (28%) followed by bamboo and edible plants (21%) and (11%), respectively. Ethno-zoological usage comprises of parts of animals like snake, bear, monitor lizard, and porcupine. Sun bears were considered pests that feed on maize, cucumber, sweet potato and pumpkins grown in ‘jhum’ crop fields. Anthropogenic pressures from farm-bush hunting, monoculture, and unplanned roads have contributed to severe biodiversity loss, and must be constrained for the conservation of sun bear and their habitat in the region. The Land Use/ Land Cover on human built-up, jhum land (current and abandoned jhum/shifting cultivation), forests (dense and open), bamboo forest, plantation etc. were used to develop maps for each village. The land use pattern for the eight villages studied. Information obtained from MIRSAC and its mapping in Arcview shows that highest number of agricultural land was in villages of West Phaileng (319sq.ha) and Damparengpui (283.8sq.ha). Closed or dense forest was in highest proportion in Phuldungsei and least in Tuipuibari (120sq.ha). Grazing activities was relatively low or absent in most part of DTR. Abandoned jhum fields were in largest number in Damparengpui (939.60sq.ha) followed by Silsuri (881.17sq.ha) and Serhmun (880.99sq.ha).

Pollution Prevention and Soil Activation of Garden Plants in Urban Environmental Ecosystem

Cities are currently facing more and more serious environmental pollution problems. Garden plants are alleviating due to their ecological functions such as carbon and oxygen balance, transpiration and heat absorption, pollution and dust retention, bacteria reduction and noise reduction, water conservation, soil activation and nutrient cycling, maintenance of biodiversity, landscape functions, disaster prevention and mitigation, pollution and vice versa. Urban environmental pressure plays a vital role. Aiming at the diversity of urban garden plants, starting from its ecological function on the environment, the thesis focuses on the application of colourful leaf plants, ground cover plants, climbing plants, aquatic plants, bamboo plants and other garden plants in urban greening and pollution prevention. This article provides theoretical basis and practical guidance for the selection and application of urban garden tree species.

The Existence Of Kenthongan As Folk Art: Study Of Kenthongan Banyumas

Since its appearance until now, Kenthongan is still exist and its journey has changed its function, from a means of communication to become a folk art. Banyumas is an area that has a lot of bamboo plants as materials for making Kenthongan which has the potential for development. Kenthongan art in Banyumas exists and develops until now. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify and explain the existence of Kenthongan as a folk art in the Banyumas. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with an ethnomusicological approach. Kenthongan as a cultural product (living tradition) has been present as a folk art since its inception, having the form of a slit-drum and developing into a non-slit-drum. The development of the non-slit-drum form is an adaptation of Gambang Calung Banyumas’ blade. Kenthongan non-slit-drum developed in three stages, namely 1) in 2002, 2) in 2005 and 3) in 2013. Its development includes the form and the function of which it was originally a rhythmic instrument in 2002-2005 developed into a melodic instrument in 2013.

Accumulation and distribution of lead (Pb) in different tissues of Lucky bamboo plants (Dracaena sanderiana)

Lucky bamboo plants (Dracaena sanderiana) were used to study the accumulation and distribution of lead (Pb) in tissues of root, stem and leaf, as well as the impact of lead accumulation on the anatomical structure of these tissues. Dracaena sanderiana plants were exposed to Pb(NO3)2 solution at the Pb concentrations of 0; 200; 400; 600; 800; 1,000; 2,000; 3,000 and 4,000 mg/L for 60 days. The results showed that the more the Pb concentration was used, the more the amount of lead was accumulated and deposited. The tolerance limit of Dracaena sanderiana was 800 mg/L of Pb in water. The lethal concentration for plants was 4,000 mg/L Pb. When the concentrations of Pb in the solution were higher than the tolerance limit of the plant, the growth of Dracaena sanderiana could be inhibited. Dracaena sanderiana could accumulate up to 39,235 mg/kg Pb in the presence of Pb at 800 mg/L. Lead was accumulated mainly in roots (97.5%) and deposited mainly in the cell walls and the spaces between cells in tissues of roots. In the stems and leaves of Dracaena sanderiana, lead accumulation was limited and distributed mainly around vascular bundles. Lead accumulation caused changes in the anatomical structure of root, stem and leaf tissues. The accumulation and distribution of Pb is mainly in the cell walls and the space of cells; it could be a detoxification

ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI (AMF) CHARACTERIZATION IN RHIZOSPHERE of Gigantochloa atter

Mycorrhizae are typical structures found in a plant's root system found symbiotic mutualism between fungi (myces) and roots (rhiza). Mycorrhizae have an essential role for plants because they can increase water and nutrient uptake, especially phosphorus absorption. The purpose of this study was to determine the mycorrhizal genera on the roots of parring bamboo plants (Gigantochloa atter) in Sabantang Hamlet, Toddopulia Village, Tanralili District, Maros Regency because there is no scientific information regarding this issue. This research was conducted with the wet filter method or sieving. The isolation of spores from the rhizosphere of Gigantochloa atter samples was carried out by referring to the pouring method and wet sieving using a stratified filter set. Staining techniques were used to observe the colonization of arbuscular mycorrhizal structures in the roots of the sample plants. The results showed that 27 spores were found, consisting of 15 spores of the Glomus genera, three spores of the Gigaspora genera, and nine Acaulospora genera. Observation of the root structure has not shown the presence of vesicular and arbuscular. However, only hyphae and spore structures were found because the mycorrhizal hyphae in Gigantochloa atter have not yet reached the infection stage to form arbuscular or vesicular structures

Biochar Amendment Alters the Nutrient-Use Strategy of Moso Bamboo Under N Additions.

Nutrient resorption can affect plant growth, litter decomposition, and nutrient cycling. Although the effects of nitrogen (N) and biochar fertilizers on soil nutrient concentrations and plant nutrient uptake have been studied, an understanding of how combined applications of N and biochar affect plant nutrient resorption in plantations is lacking. In this study, we applied N (0, 30, 60, and 90 kg N ha−1 yr−1 defined as N0, N30, N60, and N90, respectively) and biochar (0, 20, and 40 t biochar ha−1 defined as BC0, BC20, and BC40, respectively) to the soil of a Moso bamboo plantation. We investigated the effects of these treatments on N and phosphorus (P) resorption by young and mature bamboo plants, as well as the relationships between nutrient resorption and leaf and soil nutrient concentrations. Young bamboo showed significantly greater foliar N resorption efficiency (NRE) and P resorption efficiency (PRE) than mature bamboo. N addition alone significantly increased the N resorption proficiency (NRP) and P resorption proficiency (PRP) but significantly decreased the NRE and PRE of both young and mature bamboo. In both the N-free and N-addition treatments, biochar amendments significantly reduced the foliar NRE and PRE of young bamboo but had the opposite effect on mature bamboo. Foliar NRE and PRE were significantly negatively correlated with fresh leaf N and P concentrations and soil total P concentration but significantly positively correlated with soil pH. Our findings suggest that N addition inhibits plant nutrient resorption and alters the nutrient-use strategy of young and mature bamboo from “conservative consumption” to “resource spending.” Furthermore, biochar amendment enhanced the negative effect of N addition on nutrient resorption in young bamboo but reduced the negative effect on that of mature bamboo under N-addition treatments. This study provides new insights into the combined effects of N and biochar on the nutrient resorption of Moso bamboo and may assist in improving fertilization strategies in Moso bamboo plantations.

Different Physiological and Biochemical Responses of Bamboo to the Addition of TiO2 NPs under Heavy Metal Toxicity

Bamboo forests cover a remarkable area of Chinese forestland. Recently, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) have been used for plant protection against abiotic stress. In this study, an in vitro tissue culture experiment was conducted to determine the impact of titanium on plant tolerance to two different heavy metals (Cu and Pb). Bamboo plants (Arundinaria pygmaea L.) were grown using five concentrations of TiO2 NPS (0, 50, 80, 100, and 150 µM) without or with 100 µM Cu and 100 µM Pb for 30 days. The results showed that while Cu and Pb increased the generation of Reactive oxygen species (ROS) compounds in plants, TiO2 NP treatments played a positive role in reducing oxidative stress, as indicated by the decrease in ROS compounds, the extent of lipoperoxidation, and soluble proteins. On the other hand, the use of TiO2 NPs increased the total antioxidant capacity, chlorophyll content and general plant biomass. Moreover, the addition of TiO2 NPs significantly reduced Cu, and Pb accumulation in roots, stems, and shoots. We concluded that TiO2 NPs have the ability to reduce oxidative stress in plants by increasing the antioxidant capacity, improving the level of injury, and protecting cell membranes via reducing lipoperoxidation (reduction of Malondialdehyde (MDA) content). However, the results indicated that the efficiency of TiO2 NPs was related to the type and concentration of heavy metal, as TiO2 NPs were more effective for Cu than Pb. Additionally, a high concentration of TiO2 NPs resulted in the greatest enhancement in plant growth and development under heavy metal stress.

The SOC1-like gene BoMADS50 is associated with the flowering of Bambusa oldhamii

Bamboo is known for its edible shoots and beautiful texture and has considerable economic and ornamental value. Unique among traditional flowering plants, many bamboo plants undergo extensive synchronized flowering followed by large-scale death, seriously affecting the productivity and application of bamboo forests. To date, the molecular mechanism of bamboo flowering characteristics has remained unknown. In this study, a SUPPRESSOR OF OVEREXPRESSION OF CONSTANS1 (SOC1)-like gene, BoMADS50, was identified from Bambusa oldhamii. BoMADS50 was highly expressed in mature leaves and the floral primordium formation period during B. oldhamii flowering and overexpression of BoMADS50 caused early flowering in transgenic rice. Moreover, BoMADS50 could interact with APETALA1/FRUITFULL (AP1/FUL)-like proteins (BoMADS14-1/2, BoMADS15-1/2) in vivo, and the expression of BoMADS50 was significantly promoted by BoMADS14-1, further indicating a synergistic effect between BoMADS50 and BoAP1/FUL-like proteins in regulating B. oldhamii flowering. We also identified four additional transcripts of BoMADS50 (BoMADS50-1/2/3/4) with different nucleotide variations. Although the protein-CDS were polymorphic, they had flowering activation functions similar to those of BoMADS50. Yeast one-hybrid and transient expression assays subsequently showed that both BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 bind to the promoter fragment of itself and the SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP)-like gene BoSVP, but only BoMADS50-1 can positively induce their transcription. Therefore, nucleotide variations likely endow BoMADS50-1 with strong regulatory activity. Thus, BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1/2/3/4 are probably important positive flowering regulators in B. oldhamii. Moreover, the functional conservatism and specificity of BoMADS50 and BoMADS50-1 might be related to the synchronized and sporadic flowering characteristics of B. oldhamii.

Chemical composition and calorific value of elephant grass varieties and other feedstocks intended for direct combustion

AbstractPerennial grasses display several positive attributes as suitable energy crops for use as a solid fuel for direct combustion, such as high annual production of dry matter per unit area, perennity and high harvest flexibility. This study aimed to characterize the chemical composition and calorific value of 18 elephant grass (EG) varieties (Pennisetum purpureum Schum.) and 10 other potential bioenergy feedstocks intended for direct combustion. Samples were obtained from 6‐month‐old EG and sorghum and 3‐year‐old eucalyptus, Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia, and bamboo plants. Sugarcane bagasse and straw, rice husk, corn stover, coconut husk, and fiber samples were also evaluated. The elemental composition, lower heating value (LHV), and cellulose (CEL), hemicellulose (HCEL), lignin (LIG) and ash contents (% dry matter) were analyzed. The results indicated that the EG genotypes showed significant differences when compared with other evaluated biomasses, but showed no differences among themselves. The EG varieties showed a mean LHV (16.7 MJ/kg) superior to that of rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, and sorghum and similar to that of sugarcane straw, coconut fiber, and corn stover. The EG varieties showed a mean ash content (4.74%) inferior to that of rice husk, sugarcane bagasse, coconut fiber, and sorghum; a mean CEL content (36.0%) similar to that of sugarcane straw, coconut fiber, corn stover, sorghum, and Mimosa caesalpinifolia; HCEL; a mean HCEL content (30.3%) superior to that of rice husk, bamboo, eucalyptus, M. caesalpinifolia, coconut husk, and fiber; and a mean LIG content (8.80%) superior to that of corn stover and similar to that of sorghum, sugarcane bagasse, and straw biomass. The significant capacity of EG to accumulate dry matter was associated with the biomass quality attributes (LHV and CEL, HCEL, LIG, and ash contents), thereby making it an excellent alternative to lignocellulosic feedstock for direct combustion.

Identification of the Active Principle Conferring Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Properties in Bamboo Plant.

Early plants began colonizing earth about 450 million years ago. During the process of coevolution, their metabolic cellular pathways produced a myriad of natural chemicals, many of which remain uncharacterized biologically. Popular preparations containing some of these molecules have been used medicinally for thousands of years. In Brazilian folk medicine, plant extracts from the bamboo plant Guadua paniculata Munro have been used for the treatment of infections and pain. However, the chemical basis of these therapeutic effects has not yet been identified. Here, we performed protein biochemistry and downstream pharmacological assays to determine the mechanisms underlying the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of an aqueous extract of the G. paniculata rhizome, which we termed AqGP. The anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of AqGP were assessed in mice. We identified and purified a protein (AgGP), with an amino acid sequence similar to that of thaumatins (~20 kDa), capable of repressing inflammation through downregulation of neutrophil recruitment and of decreasing hyperalgesia in mice. In conclusion, we have identified the molecule and the molecular mechanism responsible for the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties of a plant commonly used in Brazilian folk medicine.

Superior Line from Anther Culture of Dendrocalamus latiflorus Selected after Field Trial

The selection of superior lines is extremely important to improve the utilization rate and economic value of bamboo. In this research, 120 anther-regenerated bamboo lines were planted in the field, and the survival rate reached 84.2% one year after planting. During five years of observations, we continuously measured and recorded the number of shoots and the size of the new bamboo of these regenerated lines. The results showed that there were considerable differences in culm size and growth rate among the different lines. After comprehensive evaluation, we found that one of the lines (P82) had obvious advantages in culm size and growth rate compared with the others. The chromosome ploidy of line P82 and the other three lines (P38, P84, and P34) was detected. It was found that P82 was hexaploid, while the other three lines were dodecaploid. Nutritional components of the P82 shoots were further detected. The results showed that the content of soluble sugar was 1.4%, the content of free amino acid was 3.5 g·kg−1 (FW, fresh weight), and the content of protein was 14.8 g·kg−1 (FW), and there were no significant differences compared with the local wild mature bamboo. Anatomical analysis showed that the vascular bundle size of the line P82 (hexaploid) was significantly larger than that of line P38 (dodecaploid), and the length of parenchyma cells in the culm wall of line P82 was similar to that of line P38, however, the cell width of line P82 was significantly wider than that of line P38. In this study, the breeding of superior lines of regenerated bamboo plants from an anther culture was realized, which provided an example for a new method for selecting superior lines from an anther culture, and also enriched the resources of superior lines of D. latiflorus.

THE UTILIZATION OF BAMBOO WASTE AS A NEW ALTERNATIVE MATERIAL IN THE AIRCRAFT FUSELAGE INTERIOR PANEL STRUCTURE

In the aircraft manufacturing industry, the strength and weight of the material is one of the important considerations in structural design. Composite material is a material composed of two or more forming materials, each of which has different mechanical properties. Aircraft structure in this era are 50 - 80% composed of glass or carbon fiber composite materials as reinforcement. Unfortunately, these fibers when recycled produce harmful CO gas, difficult to degrade naturally and cause itching when in contact with human skin. For this reason, environmentally friendly and strong fibers are needed to replace the role of glass or carbon fibers. Is a bamboo plant, which is abundant in Indonesia which is considered suitable as a substitute material. In this study, a mechanical test and descriptive analysis were carried out on the strength of the composite material with variations in the types of bamboo fibers apus, wulung, tutul and petung. These fibers are arranged with epoxy resin and hardener as a binding material (matrix). And each fiber will be arranged in 0 ° pattern to the matrix. Then each material with a different fiber type will be tested for tensile and bending to obtain the value of stress and strain that occurs at its maximum loading. And the result is the average tensile stress value (Mpa) composite material of apus bamboo is 75.95, wulung bamboo 49.92, petung bamboo 112.73, tutul bamboo 83.85. Then the average bending stress (Mpa) composite material of apus bamboo was 239.073, wulung bamboo 214.236, petung bamboo 249.67, tutul bamboo 272.79. With this result, bamboo fiber composites are considered to be able to replace the role of carbon or glass fibers, as an alternative composite material in some parts of the interior fuselage of aircraft panels. Keyword: Composites material, Matrix, Bamboo Fibers, Carbon and Glass Fibers, Stress and Strain.