Bamboo Frame Research Articles

조선후기 이후 풀솜 제작 및 주사 방적에 관한 연구

Silk floss is a type of thread made from cocoons that cannot be spun into filament yarn, made by loosening the cocoon’s fiber in warm water. Floss yarn is thread made by spinning silk floss, and the fabric woven from floss yarn is called Tojoo or Myeonjoo. The traditional techniques of spinning silk floss and floss yarn is lost; thus, Tojoo is no longer woven today. Silk floss can be made by twisting the fiber by hand, but it was made using wooden frames, bamboo frames, and traditional roof tiles in the Joseon Dynasty. The fabric was degummed using lye and perfumed oil. After seaports were opened to Western civilization and imports, wooden frames became the tool of choice. Fabric degumming was performed through a mix of lye and sodium bicarbonate—or, more accurately, only sodium bicarbonate during this time. Once synthetic detergent entered the market, a mix of synthetic detergent and sodium bicarbonate was used for this purpose. Floss silk was made to produce floss yarn or used as material for vests, military coats, and as a substitute for cotton batting in blankets.

Functions and Types of Tau-Tau Statue as Torajan Identity in South Sulawesi Indonesia

This research explores statue as identity by looking at function, meaning, and rituals. Tau-tau is the statue that represents a Torajan noble family who has passed away. The findings of this study reveal that is one of the main equipment in the funeral (rambu solo') only for high nobility (tana' bulaan). The ritual use of this is that after the funeral ceremony is completed, only nangka (statue from jackfruit) stored on the cliffs in line with preceded tau-tau, while the lampa (statue from mixed of wood) and batelepong (statue for everyone) thrown away after the funeral ceremony is completed. This is because the raw materials of lampa and batelepong only made of packing cloth on a bamboo frame that is only temporarily as part of a series and at the funeral ceremony took place. In the beginning, was prayed and lamented by families and communities of Torajan Aluk to Dolo, but in line with people left Aluk to Dolo by the Torajan community and switch to embrace Christianity and Islam. Because of this, ritual of Aluk to Dolo in rambu solo (funeral ceremony) is not related to rituals and ancestors’beliefs. As a consequence, one of the nobility identities, tau-tau even now made by the noble family before they die, and souvenir of emerges for sale to the tourists. Thus, the statue of at this time is still one of the prides of Torajan noble, but all the sacred rituals of Aluk to Dolo associated with has been reformed in accordance with the level of noble family in Torajan communities.

Experiment on Behavior of a New Connector Used in Bamboo (Timber) Frame Structure under Cyclic Loading

Connection is an important part of the bamboo and timber structure, and it directly influences the overall structural performance and safety. Based on a comprehensive analysis of the mechanical performance of several wood connections, a new connector for the bamboo (timber) frame joint was proposed in this paper. Three full‐scale T‐type joint specimens were designed to study the mechanical performance under cyclic loading. The thickness of the hollow steel column was different among three specimens. The specimens were loaded under displacement control with a rate of 10 mm per minute until the specimens reach failure. It was observed that the failures of three specimens were caused by the buckling of flanges in the compression and that the steel of connections does not yield. The load‐displacement hysteretic curve for three specimens is relatively plump, and the stiffness of connection degenerates with the increasing of cyclic load. The maximum rotation is 0.049 rad, and the energy dissipation coefficient is 1.77. The thickness of the hollow steel column of the connector has significant impact on the energy dissipation capacity and the strength of the connection. A simplified moment‐rotation hysteresis model for the joint was proposed.

Coexistence between Javan Slow Lorises (Nycticebus javanicus) and Humans in a Dynamic Agroforestry Landscape in West Java, Indonesia

In a world increasingly dominated by human demand for agricultural products, we need to understand wildlife’s ability to survive in agricultural environments. We studied the interaction between humans and Javan slow lorises (Nycticebus javanicus) in Cipaganti, Java, Indonesia. After its introduction in 2013, chayote (Sechium edule), a gourd grown on bamboo lattice frames, became an important cash crop. To evaluate people’s use of this crop and to measure the effect of this increase on slow loris behavior, home ranges, and sleep sites, we conducted interviews with local farmers and analysed the above variables in relation to chayote expansion between 2011 and 2015. Interviews with farmers in 2011, 2013, and 2015 confirm the importance of chayote and of bamboo and slow lorises in their agricultural practices. In 2015 chayote frames covered 12% of land in Cipaganti, occupying 4% of slow loris home ranges, which marginally yet insignificantly increased in size with the increase in chayote. Slow lorises are arboreal and the bamboo frames increased connectivity within their ranges. Of the sleep sites we monitored from 2013 to 2016, 24 had disappeared, and 201 continued to be used by the slow lorises and processed by local people. The fast growth rate of bamboo, and the recognition of the value of bamboo by farmers, allow persistence of slow loris sleep sites. Overall introduction of chayote did not result in conflict between farmers and slow lorises, and once constructed the chayote bamboo frames proved to be beneficial for slow lorises.

Efficient design of a super mileage low cost vehicle frame using natural bamboo

The purpose of the paper is to optimized design of a super-mileage low cost vehicle frame using layered laminate natural bamboo composite material incorporating front impact on road with stationary object for driver safety. The real assessment of bamboo tensile strength is difficult as fiber density is found to increase from inner core to outer core on any cross-section and same phenomena is observed from bottom to top side of a bamboo natural plant. The tensile properties of natural bamboo are predicted using rule of mixture of a ‘Representative Volume Element’ of laminate bamboo composite material in consideration of perfect bonding between fibers and matrix. Finite Element Simulation of number of possibly crash for driver safety is presented in the paper and accordingly bamboo joints are modified in the real fabrication of bamboo frame as bamboo cannot be joined using conventional welding techniques.

Design and Fabrication of Bamboo Bicycle

Bicycles provide a convenient means for curbing the growing challenge of traffic congestion and pollution in cities. Steel bicycles are available in India in millions. However, as production of steel is a polluting process, replacing it with greener version has occupied the minds of researchers all over the world. In this respect, bamboo seems to be a viable substitute to steel in making of bicycle frames. Bamboo frame bicycles are lighter than steel frame bicycle, have aesthetic looks, are more environment-friendly, and can potentially be cheaper than steel frame bicycles. This paper reports our attempt to design and fabricate a bamboo bicycle. Special jointing technique was developed to attach the bamboo poles. Tests showed that the bicycle actually could withstand various rides in smooth and bumby roads.

Environmental and social life cycle assessment of bamboo bicycle frames made in Ghana

This case study assessed the environmental and social impact of bicycle frames made from wild Ghanaian bamboo. The environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) of the bamboo frame was compared to the LCA results of an aluminium frame and a steel frame. The results show that the overall environmental impact of the bamboo bicycle frame is about 50% less than aluminium and about 30% less than steel bicycle frames in all impact categories, except Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity and Terrestrial Ecotoxicity. Impacts in these two categories were contributed by the use and disposal of Dursban which was used to preserve bamboo culms. Performance in these impact categories could be improved by preserving bamboo with Borax. For the social life cycle assessment (S-LCA), this case study used a simplified approach to social impact assessment at the subcategory level. The results show that the Ghanaian bamboo bicycle companies performed well and made no negative socio-economic impacts in most subcategories. Even so, companies could have made the bamboo resource owners aware of the value of bamboo so that they could negotiate a good price to contribute to the development of the communities. The extraction of bamboo might be a hot spot. Unlike environmental LCA, S-LCA is new and its methodology is not standardised. This study identified challenges that emerge in applying S-LCA in small and medium scale enterprises in the developing countries where data can be limiting. The simplified approach used in this study can be adopted to assess other products.

Application of Copper Fungicide and Row Covers to Control Phytophthora Seedling Blight Disease on Cocoa

Phytophthora seedling blight disease is one of the important diseases in cocoa. The disease is caused by the fungus of Phytophthora palmivora belongs to class Oomycetes. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the use of row covers and copper oxide fungicide applications to control seedling blight Phytophthora. Covering treatment was to place cocoa seedlings inside bamboo frame covered by transparent plastic in order to avoid from rainfall effect. The research was conducted in the Kaliwining Experimental Station at Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI). Experiments were carried out four treatments and repeated 6 times. Each treatment consists of 100 seedlings planted in polybags and placed in the nursery area with a protective paranet. The treatment consisted of (1) row covers, (2) spraying of copper oxide 0.2%, (3) a combination of row covers and copper oxide 0.2% and (4) control (no covers and spray). Observations made 7 days after treatment with an interval of 7 days for 10 weeks. The results showed that row covers able to prolong the incubation period of the disease for 14 days, while the application of row covers + copper oxide 0.2% was able to save cocoa seedlings by 96.2%.

Structural Solutions for Low-Cost Bamboo Frames: Experimental Tests and Constructive Assessments.

Experimental tests and constructive assessments are presented for a simple bamboo framed structure with innovative low-cost and low technology joints, specifically conceived for small buildings in developing countries. Two full scale one-storey bamboo frames have been designed by using the simplest joints solution among three different tested typologies. The entire building process is based on low-technology and natural materials: bamboo canes, wooden cylinders, plywood plates and canapé rods. The first full scale specimen (Unit A) is a one-storey single deck truss structure subjected to monotonic collapse test; the second full scale specimen (Unit B) is a one-storey double deck truss structure used to evaluate the construction time throughout assembling tests. The first full scale specimen showed ductility in collapse and ease in strengthening; the second one showed remarkable ease and speed in assembling structural elements. Finally several constructive solutions are suggested for the design of simple one-storey buildings; they are addressed to four purposes (housing, school, chapel, health center) by the composition of the proposed full scale bamboo frames. Ease of use and maintenance with a low level of technology contribute to application in developing countries although not exclusively.

Cultivation of Caulerpa lentillifera using tray and sowing methods in brackishwater pond

Commercial cultivation of Caulerpa lentillifera is now gaining recognition because of the increasing demand in the domestic and international market. Studies on the different culture methods for large scale production of the species in the country are scarce. The present study evaluated the effects of two cultivation methods namely sowing and tray on the growth and biomass production of C. lentillifera cultured in brackishwater pond. For the tray method, propagules were clipped in two 0.75 m x 0.75 m tray and were hung in bamboo frame whereas for the sowing method, propagules were planted directly in the pond substrate with an interval of one meter. The weight gain using the sowing method was significantly higher and could be translated to an average of 1 kg every month of new or harvestable biomass. Specific growth rate of C. lentillifera grown in the substrate was at 3.85% day -1 during the first month and at 2.92% day -1 during the second month and was significantly higher compared to that of stocks grown in trays. High organic load of the soil (substrate) could have improved growth and biomass productivity. The results show that cultivation of C. lentillifera using the sowing method is more effective. This system has significantly contributed to increase in biomass yield. Moreover, this method of farming entails lesser capital outlay without any other material requirements such as bamboos and trays.

Negative effects of lodging on irrigated sugarcane productivity—An experimental and crop modelling assessment

Lodging lowers the productivity of sugarcane through a reduction in radiation use efficiency and stalk damage. However, there are few reports of experiments specifically designed to quantify effects of lodging in sugarcane. Efforts to model onset and progression of lodging, and the impact on crop productivity, have not been attempted. The objectives of this paper were to quantify effects of lodging on sugarcane and to develop modeling capability in terms of predicting lodging onset, progression and impact. Field experiments with irrigated ratoon crops were conducted at Pongola, South Africa. In one treatment the cane in each plot was allowed to grow through bamboo frames that prevented lodging. In the other treatment, the cane was not supported and could lodge at any stage. The degree of lodging was captured weekly by a rating that ranged from 1 to 9, where 1=fully erect cane and 9=completely lodged cane. At harvest estimated recoverable crystal percent (ERC %) of stalks and yield (cane and ERC) was measured for each plot. Lodging resulted in decreased ERC yields of up to 20.6%. An algorithm for simulating lodging when aboveground biomass (including rainfall and irrigation water retained on it) exceeds a variety-specific threshold, and which also considers wind speed and soil water content, was evaluated for predicting the extent and impact of lodging in the Pongola experiments, as well as for four deficit irrigation treatments of a field experiment conducted in Komatipoort, South Africa. The study showed that the onset of lodging was simulated reasonably well for various soil/crop/atmospheric conditions, while the extent of lodging at harvest was simulated very accurately for all crops. Simulated lodging was primarily driven by crop size and lodging events were triggered by rainfall that added weight to the aerial mass of the crop, and reduced the anchoring ability of the soil through saturation of the top soil. More accurate simulation of lodging, and its impacts on yield, will improve the accuracy of yield predictions by crop models, increasing their value in applications such as crop forecasting, climate change studies and exploring crop improvement and management options.

Giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) brood development in winter season

Realizing the importance of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenberbii supply mature brood for extending the culture period for the successful production of marketable size, a study was conducted for development of broods of the species in the winter season by increasing temperature of water using green house concept. For this purpose, two ponds were covered with transparent polyethylene sheet fastened in bamboo frame and two ponds with no such covering. The ponds were equally stocked with prawn @ 5000 indv./ha (female:male::8:1) on 8th December 2009 and reared up to 9th March 2010. Temperature of water of the green house ponds was much higher than that of open ponds. Prawns started to be gravid after stocking in the green house ponds and 45-55% prawn became berried up to 9th March. But no remarkable development of gonad except a very few (2.5%) gravid prawn at the later part of rearing in one of the open pond was observed.Bangladesh J. Zool. 42(2): 153-159, 2014

Finite Element Analysis of Bamboo Bicycle Frame

This work looked into the finite element analysis of Bamboo frame bicycle using commonly used Computer Aided Design softwares. A solid model of the frame was created and a finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted using the ASTM standard as a guide, with appropriate mechanical properties for various sections of the bike and the joining welds. A maximum weight of 120kg was used for the weight and seat analysis, from the analysis performed, the most fragile area was identified as being the tubes near the bottom bracket, extra carbon fiber wrapping during assembly is recommended during production for the frame. Due to the nature of Nigeria’s (developing country) road, we simulated a pothole situation using a horizontal force of 1000N to the front tire. The analysis showed that the highest stress would occur nearest to the point of impact with the pothole.

A bamboo braced frame system for tropical climates

A low-cost housing system was developed for use in tropical countries, specifically Haiti, with the aims of minimizing environmental impact (including carbon emissions), maximizing use of local and preferably recycled materials, and using local labor. The housing system integrates low-strength concrete blocks (made using recycled concrete aggregate), an innovative seismically-resistant bamboo frame, earthen plasters, bamboo trusses, and metal deck roofs. The bamboo frame relies on flexural yielding of a short rebar dowel to provide ductile performance at a controlled strength level. The plinth walls below the frame and short rebar dowel protects the bamboo from moisture. The top of a plastic soda bottle is used to protect the rebar from moisture and to seal the base of the bamboo culm, allowing mortar to be introduced into the culm above. This paper focuses on the experimental and analytical results of the flexural yielding of the rebar dowel to establish the structural design of this critical component of the system for resisting wind and seismic loads.

Making sky lanterns from polygonal meshes

Releasing sky lanterns is a popular way of celebrating festivals and ceremonies in the Asian countries. This paper presents a computer-aided approach to help novice users to design flyable sky lantern with desired shape. Given a closed up-right 3D model with a user-specified cutting on the bottom, our system optimizes the shape by regularizing the boundary, smoothing the geometry and improving the volume-to-area ratio to make it feasible for flying. The optimized shape is then approximated by a set of developable patches. Next, through a physical analysis step that tests the flying condition and determines the optimal size, the approximated shape is flattened into 2D patches, which can be printed out and glued together to form the airbag. Finally, the user can attach the airbag to a bamboo frame and assemble the fuel cell. We successfully apply our prototype system to design and construct real sky lanterns.

Development of an experimental methodology to evaluate the influence of a bamboo frame on the bicycle ride comfort

In the current environment of increased emphasis on sustainable transport, there is manifold increase in the use of bicycles for urban transport. One concern which might restrict the use is the ride comfort and fatigue. There has been limited research in addressing the difficulty in bicycle ride comfort quantification. The current study aims to develop a methodology to quantify bicycle discomfort so that performance of bicycles constructed from bamboo and aluminium alloy can be compared. Experimentally obtained frequency response functions are used to establish a relation between the road input and the seat and rider response. A bicycle track input profile based on standard road profiles is created so as to estimate the acceleration responses. The whole-body-vibration frequency weighting is applied to quantify the perception of vibration intensity so that eventual discomfort ranking can be obtained. The measured frequency response functions provide an insight into the effect of frame dynamics on the overall resonant behaviour of the bicycles. The beneficial effect of frame compliance and damping on lower modes of vibration is very clear in the case of bamboo frame, in turn affecting seat and rider response. In the bamboo frame, because of multiple resonances, the frequency response of the handlebar is smaller at higher frequencies suggesting effective isolation. Further improvements may have come from the joints made from natural composites. Overall, based on the comparative analysis and the methodology developed, bamboo frame shows significant improvement in ride comfort performance compared with the aluminium frame.

The Research for the Strengthening Method of Bamboo Poles in Dai's Houses Roof Frame

For the developed surface area of Xishuangbanna Dai's houses' roof be equal to about 85% of the total floor area, the reasonable choice for materials of roof frame has the important meaning for conserving energy and materials. Bamboo is a kind of fast-growing and renewable natural building material. Replacing the wooden roof frame with bamboo roof frame can achieve good ecological and economic effects. Bamboo pole has cavity, culm wall is thin and easy to split. These special characteristics of bamboo led to the existing structure technology of bamboo roof frame are very complex. In order to make up these defects, this paper proposed three methods for strengthening the bamboo poles. First, after the bamboo wall cut open, sticking the half log and fixing the log on the bamboo culm by pneumatically driven nail, makes bamboo pole can adopt the connection method of wood construction. Second, forms the partial solid body in the closed bamboo cavity, raises the bamboo pole's lateral bearing capacity. Third, does thicken processing for the bamboo wall in its specific positions, in order to enhance the anti-splitting ability. By using these structure measures, the joint structure of the new bamboo roof frame can be simplified, and the stability also greatly be proposed compared with the traditional bamboo roof frame.

Shake Table Test of a Bamboo Frame Structure

Modern bamboo engineering material is a new fast-renewable green building material with light weight and high strength. Bamboo structure made of this material is a new structural system in China so far. A shake table test on a 1/3 scale model of a two-storey bamboo-frame pilot project were conducted, in which its dynamic responses including acceleration and relative interstory drift were tested. Finite element simulation was applied into structural analysis as well. The results indicate that this structure has satisfactory aseismatic property. Based on the results, some suggestions are put forward on aseismatic design and construction measures of bamboo frame structure.

The Regional Expression in Utilization of Material Construction: The Landscape Sketch Practice of the Modern Bamboo Structures in Meixi Lake Project

Based on the practice of the landscape sketch bamboo buildings of Meixi Lake in Changsha, this thesis, from the perspective of material construction, aims to perceive the region and bamboo structure, to concern the bamboo frame form and space construction, to try to integrate bamboo structure with other materials and to explore the formation of bamboo-framed building and the related regional expression. Excavating bamboo value, improving bamboo performance and developing bamboo structural building can satisfy requirements as the main part of construction and expression in architecture and promote the using level of GluBam. Technological innovation such as suitable construction skills and reasonable structural system can promote the effective utilizing bamboo and development of modern bamboo structure. It is a alternative green building system for sustainable development.

Fire simulation test and analysis of laminated bamboo frame building

A fire simulation experiment of a full-scale room unit model was carried out to study the fire safety of lightweight glue-laminated bamboo (glubam) frame buildings. Wooden crib with its quantity determined based on typical fire load intensity for residential buildings was stacked and ignited in the experimental room unit. The test was finished after 1h. Temperature histories of several points on walls and upper floor slab, fire behavior of the over-all structure and the damage to the members were examined. Numerical simulation was conducted using fire-driven fluid dynamics software Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) developed by National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The simulated results were compared with the experimental observations, demonstrating that the FDS is a useful tool to provide visual simulation of the experimental testing. Fire design measures using gypsum boards and rock wool insulation suggested for the new bamboo building are found adequate from this research.