Bamboo Cultivation Research Articles

Evaluation of Alternative Substrates and Fertilizer Regimes for the Nursery Cultivation of Phyllostachys pubescens (Carrière) J. Houz.

The economic importance of the bamboo cultivation in Asia is well known, but the recent rise of interest in Europe required more deep studies on growing techniques. Among the bamboo species, the Phyllostachys pubescens (Carrière) J. Houz. is appreciated for its multiple uses: landscaping, timber and shoots production. In order to identify the best and sustainable combination of substrates and fertilization regimes, a nursery experimental trial was performed in 2016. Eight treatments (four substrates and two fertilization regimes) with 256 young plantlets divided into four randomized blocks were evaluated. The substrates used were: 40% peat, 40% coconut fibers, 20% pumice (standard substrate, S1); 30% peat, 40% coconut fibers, 10% rice husk, 20% pumice (S2); 30% peat, 40% coconut fibers, 20% rice husk, 10% pumice (S3); 30% peat, 40% coconut fibers, 20% wood fibers, 10% pumice (S4). The two fertilization regimes were: 1.6 g l-1 (A) and 0.8 g l-1 (B) NPK (16-11-10) Osmocote Exact®. All substrates were supplemented with a fungal inoculum (2.5 g l-1) and corrected with 2.5 × 10-3 g l-1 of CaCO3. The number of culms and leaves and the SPAD values of six plants of each blocks were monthly measured. Fresh and dry weights, before and after cultivation was recorded. Data were statistically analyzed. Results showed that rice husk should be used only in low percentage, but wood fiber can be more suitable for bamboo cultivation. The combination of alternative materials and low fertilization regimes (S1_B and S4_B) should be the key for a more sustainable cultivation for potted Phyllostachys pubescens in Europe.

Adoption of bamboo cultivation practices and its relationship with the socio-economic characteristics of bamboo growers of Arunachal Pradesh

The present study was conducted in Papum pare district of Arunachal Pradesh and selected 160 bamboo growers covering four circle based on elevation. The mean value of adoption score (41.54) is highest in Balijan followed by Kimin (40.26) and lowest in Sagalee circle (35.39). So, the farmers of Balijan circle are much more advanced in adopting the scientific bamboo cultivation practices as compared to other circles. A positive correlation is found in all socio-economic characteristics except age. The co-efficient of multiple determinations explain that all the six variables in overall sample, jointly contributes 53.65 per cent variation in overall adoption score.

Research on nitrogen circulation and management of bamboo: a review

As one of forest resources, bamboo forest not only has important economic values but also provides important ecosystem services including soil conservation, water conservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release. Bamboo cultivation has been a focus of research in recent years. Fertilizing is an important measure to improve bamboo cultivation. As one of the major factors affecting the growth of bamboo, nitrogen has great influences on the growth and development of bamboo. In order to provide scientific theoretical basis for bamboo nitrogen input, this paper summarized nutrient diagnosis of bamboo, nitrogen balance of bamboo, nitrogen absorption and utilization of bamboo, environmental impacts on bamboo nitrogen, and put forward the following focus areas for further research on bamboo nitrogen: nitrogen cycling of bamboo, the influence of nitrogen forms on bamboo growth, bamboo soil nitrification inhibitors based on the quality assurance of the bamboo shoots, environmental safety based nitrogen input, and development and application of exclusive controlled-release fertilizer of bamboo nitrogen. ［Ch, 52 ref.］

Preparation for Designing Business Strategy of Bamboo Cultivation in Bondowoso

Given the potential of abundant natural resources in Bondowoso, it is continued to keep developing new plantation commodities. One of them is bamboo. The development of bamboo has benefits to improve economic field which is residents’ income. However, it is also able to provide benefits to nature conservation in saving the critical land, especially land in the watershed. Based on the types of plant, bamboo is a plant that has many benefits and produced products. Bamboo processed products can be from leaves, branches, buds, middle stems, bottom and base of the frond and root and rhizome. Thus, many SME (small and medium-sized enterprises) will be established to process and produce the products. One of the products that will be developed is bamboo processed for textiles. Based on the potential for preparation development of bamboo plants, the regency has the advantages, namely the potential of local government support and education, bamboo farmers and SME's bamboo processed and markets that will accommodate. However, this time is still not well structured business strategies for the development of the bamboo plant. The appropriate method in the preparation of strategic business is SIDa (Sistem Inovasi Daerah/Regional Innovation System). Appropriate approach for this business is cluster approach. Thus, preparation of business strategies research through the cluster approach for bamboo plants is important.

Discovery and comparative profiling of microRNAs in representative monopodial bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and sympodial bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus).

BackgroundAccording to the growth pattern of bamboo, sympodial bamboo and monopodial bamboo are considered as two mainly kinds of bamboo. They have different phenotypes and different characteristics in developmental stage. Much attention had been paid on the study of bamboo cultivation, processing, physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, which had made great progresses in the last decade, especially for the highlighted achievement of the bamboo genomics. However, there is no information available on concerning comparative profiling of miRNAs between sympodial bamboo and monopodial bamboo, which might play important roles in the regulation of bamboo development.Methodology/Principal FindingsWe identified the profiles of small RNAs using leaf tissues from one sympodial bamboo i.e. moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and another monopodial bamboo i.e. ma bamboo (Dendrocalamus latiflorus). The result showed that there were 19,295,759 and 11,513,888 raw sequence reads, in which 92 and 69 conserved miRNAs, as well as 95 and 62 novel miRNAs were identified in moso bamboo and ma bamboo, respectively. The ratio of high conserved miRNA families in ma bamboo is more than that in moso bamboo. In addition, a total of 49 and 106 potential targets were predicted in moso bamboo and ma bamboo, respectively, in which several targets for novel miRNAs are transcription factors that play important roles in plant development. More importantly, annotation of differentially expressed target genes was performed based on the analysis of pathway and gene ontology terms enrichment.Conclusions/SignificanceThis study provides the first large-scale sight of discovery and comparative characterization of miRNAomes between two representative bamboos belonged to sympodial bamboo and monopodial bamboo, respectively. Although it will be necessary to validate the function of miRNAs through more experimental research in further, these results lay a foundation for unraveling the miRNA-mediated molecular processes in different kinds of bamboo.

Soil Acidification in Phyllostachys praecox f. preveynalis Cultivation with Intensive Management

Phyllostachys praecox f. preveynalis (Lei bamboo) cultivation with intensive management has high economic profits. However, soil acidification is a severe problem with bamboo plantations that may influence its sustainability in practice. In this study, soils of two sites with different bamboo cultivation times were collected from Lin-an City of Zhejiang Province, China, to understand bamboo soil acidification through analysis of various soil acidification indicators. Results showed that soil nutrients accumulated significantly within the bamboo plantation, but soil pH dropped dramatically. Soil exchangeable acid increased with increasing bamboo planting times, so did the ratio of exchangeable aluminum (Al) to total soil Al. However, the exchangeable base cation [potassium (K) + sodium (Na) + calcium (Ca) + magnesium (Mg)] content and its saturation decreased greatly. With a simple simulation of first-order decay equation, soil acidification rates differed from soil sites but the final pH was similar, which suggested that intensive management exerted an important effect on soil properties.

Socio-economic impacts of bamboo enterprises in the Mid-hills of Nepal: A case study on Pahari community at Badikhel Village, Lalitpur

The present study investigates the associate enterprises involving bamboobased weaving and handicraft making at Badikhel Village Development Commitee, Lalitpur District, Central Nepal. It aims to assess the socio-economic importance of bamboo craft making on Pahari community at Badikhel. Forty households were randomly selected for questionnaire survey from the areas with higher density of bamboo entrepreneurship practiced. Perceived stakeholders were interviewed to examine their roles and to find out the contribution of bamboo enterprises to household income. Group discussions on issues of bamboo cultivation and management were conducted following RRA and PRA techniques. It was found that Badikhel impregnates four species of bamboo belonging to two genera viz. Bambusa and Drepanostachyum and are important and traditional source of livelihood for the Paharis, one of the ethnic groups in the study area. An average bamboo handicraft maker obtained NRs. 1000 to NRs. 5000 per month from the cash sales of assorted handicrafts. However, no significant bamboo management practices were carried out by the entrepreneurs. Three out of four community managed forests in the study area planted only Bambusa nepalensis as per local demand. Since stakeholders’ involvement in actual promotion of bamboo handicraft industry and bamboo management is meager there is an urgent need for the formation of a larger association of bamboo users for the growth and development of the bamboo entrepreneurship in the area.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/banko.v22i2.9195Banko Janakari: A Journal of Forestry Information for NepalVol. 22, No. 2, 2012 NovemberPage: 11-18Uploaded date: 12/1/2013

Ecological implications of village bamboo as global climate change mitigation strategy

PurposeThe present study seeks to evaluate the role of village bamboo management in the rural landscape of North East India in global climate change mitigation.Design/methodology/approachA set of 100 home gardens and 40 bamboo groves were selected from Irongmara and Dargakona village, in Cachar district, Assam, North East India through random sampling. Sampling was done mostly for smallholders. Culm growth, carbon storage, carbon sequestration and carbon in litter floor mass and soil of bamboo growing areas in homegarden was explored from 2003‐2007.FindingsCulm growth extension revealed the brief periodicity of culm growth in a single growth period. Of the total carbon storage soil contributed 84.6 per cent of the total (50.1 Mg ha−1) followed by carbon in above ground vegetation 15 per cent (9 Mg ha−1) and carbon in litter floor mass 0.4 per cent (0.2 Mg ha−1).Practical implicationsBamboo plantation development and its management in home gardens has social, ecological and economical benefits for the rural life in North East India and its promotion can become an effective choice for climate change mitigation strategy.Originality/valueBamboo forms an important component in the traditional home garden system of North East India where the practice of bamboo cultivation and management provides an important sink for CO2. Village bamboos play an important role in local economics, societies and environments and, considering its potential to mitigate global climate change, the authors recommend the promotion of bamboo in agroforestry expanding practices and rehabilitation of degraded lands. Management of village bamboos in rural landscape is highlighted in context to environmental sustainability and as a sink measure under the Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) of Kyoto Protocol.

The Physiological Response of Phyllostachys edulis under the Elevated Atmospheric Ozone

In order to provide theoretical evidences for bamboo cultivation under the background of climate change, the method of open-top chambers (OTCs) was employed to approach the effects of elevated ozone on photosynthetic pigments content, lipid peroxidation and anti-oxidation enzymes in the leaves of Phyllostachys edulis. The result indicated that with the increasing of ozone concentration, the content of the chlorophyll, carotenoid and SOD activity decreased, while the content of souble protein, relative electrical conductivity, contents of MDA, O2- and the activity of POD increased.Correlation analyses showed that there was significant negative correlation between O2- content and SOD activity as well as photosynthetic pigment,whereas significant positive correlation between O2- and relative electeical conductivity, MDA, POD as well as soluble protein. It was summarried that, on one hand, long time exposure to high ozone concentration exposure, accelerated the aging of leaves, intensified the damage to membrane lipid, and destroyed the structure of cell membrane and the function of anti-oxidation system as well. It affected the regular growth of P.edulis. This research was conducted to provide theoretical evidence for bamboo cultivation during this time of possible climate change.

Assessment of Bamboo resource in Chittagong region in Bangladesh by Sampling Technique

A sample survey was conducted on the homestead Bamboo plantation of the district of Chittagong in Bangladesh in 1992. A total of 14 rural thanes having a sample of 272 ha land area in the district were covered under the survey. The district has varieties of Bamboos among which Bambusa vulgaris, Melocanna baccifera and Bambusa tulda are most common species. The purpose of the survey was to estimate total Bamboo resource, its cultivated area, households with Bamboo cultivation, rate of cultivation, harvest and stocking per hectare and per clump. A Stratified Two Stage Sampling Design was followed for the survey. A sample of 900 households was considered for the purpose. The results showed that the area under Bamboo cultivation, number of clumps and number of culms were 3694 ha, 937764 and 48821592 respectively. About 42% households harvest Bamboos every year. The number of Bamboos per hectare and per clump were estimated to be 15331 and 69 respectively. A picture of overall Bamboo situation in the present homestead Agroforestry System of Bangladesh is shown on the basis of the survey results. The role of Bamboo as its contribution and economic importance is also mentioned. The necessity for assessment and monitoring of the resource is emphasized.

Economic analysis of bamboo based agroforestry system in eastern and south eastern coastal plains of Orissa

Bamboo is one of the fastest growing species amongst the number of multipurpose tree species. It is socially acceptable with broad adaptability because of its versatile and multifarious uses which contribute valuably towards the human economy providing variety of goods. Looking to the global scenario of the increasing demand and decreasing supply of Bamboo for industrial as well as commercial purposes, cultivation of Bamboo through Agroforestry practices seems to have high economic return. The paper focusses on economic analysis of Agroforestry models of Bamboo cultivation through flute methods. In the present study the NPV, BCR and IRR are obtained as Rs.72550, 2.93 and 47.85 respectively at 10% discounted rate of interest.

The Indigenous Bamboo Forests of Ethiopia: An Overview

Abstract Agricultural land expansion is almost eliminating the bamboo forests of Ethiopia, and the biological diversity associated with them. Several bamboo species are endemic to Africa and mainly found in Ethiopia. Consequently, their preservation is of international concern. Urgent and effective action is required to secure their future existence and for their use in systems managed on a sustainable basis. Utilization driven production could ensure their sustainability. Lack of awareness about their multiple use and a paucity of scientific knowledge about their production and main properties are impediments for conservation and utilization. Concerted efforts are needed to generate and adopt the required knowledge and technology in order to promote bamboo forest cultivation in Ethiopia as an economically viable crop, which is of environmental interest.

Dimensões das fibras em bambusáceas

São apresentados e discutidos os resultados das medições de comprimento e largura das fibras de 27 espécies alienígenas de bambus, compreendendo 12 gêneros, das quais apenas 4 foram anteriormente estudados pelos autores. O material usado nos exames biométricos das fibras de 19 das novas espécies estudadas, foi coletado do "bambusetum" localizado na Estação Experimental de Tatuí, sendo que o dos 4 restantes do base do côlmo de mudos importadas do estrangeiro, mas que não vingaram. Os resultados dos medições mostram que as dimensões das fibras, em comprimento e largura, variaram grandemente segundo as espécies de bambu. O comprimento médio de fibra variou de 1,33 a 2,74 mm, enquanto que a largura variou de 8,39 a 20,90 microns. A relação entre o comprimento e a largura das fibras situou-se entre 63:1 a 264:1. Os resultados encontrados nas medições de comprimento das fibras confirmam, de modo geral, o valor dos bambus como matéria-prima para produção de celulose de fibras longas.

On the Distribution of the Bamboo-Cultivation in the Western Border Area of Kyoto Basin

The bamboo-cultivation in the western border area of Kyoto Basin is wellknown, not because of much amount of its production, but of distinctive character that it produces the bamboo-shoot of phyllostachys edulis A & C Riviere (“Mosochiku”).The bamboo is cultivated in a little higher part of alluvial plain, the gentle slope along the foot of Nishiyama Hill, especially on the surface of diluvial plain.This distribution of the bamboo-cultivation is controlled by some factors as follow:(1) There are some parts which are not suitable for rice field, because of the difficulty of irrigation.The farmers have too much leisure time by reason of the rice field being too small.By those factors the famers have both ares and time by whcih they can undertake other cultivation besides the rice crop.(2) The farmers have to gain worse profit for vegetable cultivation in this area than near Kyoto City.The seasons for bamboo and rice cultivation are different at all.By those factors the farmers prefer the bamboo cultivation to the vegetable cultivaton.(3) The area of bamboo cultivation was enlarged according to the increase of demand for bamboo and bamboo shoot.(4) The shoot's freshness csn be preserved as the distance to the market being short and its transportation being convenient.Moreover, the shoot's excellent quality can be kept by the suitable soil condition and landform.Besides the much comes from those factors, there are two charming elements in bamboo cultivation.1: It is nice for farmers to have some extra income besides from rice cultivation.2: They can sometimes have special income from fhe occasional speculative high price of the bamboo shoot.These many factors encourage the farmers to continue the bamboo-cultivation.By those factors the landscape of bamboo cultivation seems to have been kept on in this area, but it will be soon changed to the scenery of the other landutilization as Kyoto City develops to there.