Balloon Mitral Valvotomy Research Articles

Improvement of Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis After Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvotomy (PBMV) - A Cross Sectional Study

Improvement of Subclinical Left Ventricular Dysfunction in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis After Percutaneous Balloon Mitral Valvotomy (PBMV) - A Cross Sectional Study

Impasse sign in balloon mitral valvotomy.

A 33-year-old female presented to our out-patient department with worsening shortness of breath over the past 2 years.

Abstract TP274: Challenging the Guidelines or Merely an Observation on Transthoracic Echocardiography

Introduction: Accurate detection of left atrial appendage (LAA) clot is critical in patients before Balloon Mitral Valvotomy (BMV). There is an elevated risk of thrombus formation and ischemic stroke in Rheumatic Heart Disease (RHD). The yearly prevalence of new stroke is 3-7.5% in RHD. Transesophageal Echocardiogram (TEE) has traditionally been the gold standard for LAA clot detection. But it is semi-invasive and have risks. The need for alternatives in this clinical context has prompted this comparative study. Hypothesis: Visualizing LAA on Transthoracic Echocardiogram (TTE) is facile in severe mitral stenosis due to increased LAA size, which is vital for stroke prevention. Methods: In this comparative study, we assessed the diagnostic accuracy of TTE as a non-invasive alternative to TEE for LAA clot detection in patients scheduled for BMV. A total of 150 patients admitted to a tertiary hospital underwent both TTE and TEE before BMV, with TEE as the reference standard for evaluation. Results: The mean age of our study population was 41.4 years, the majority were females (64.7%). The incidence of thrombus in TEE was 30%, with a significant difference in females (37%) vs. males (17%). TTE missed LAA clots in 18.8%, this discrepancy rate was 6% in males and 26% in females, signifying a significant reduction in clot detection in females. TEE exhibited no such limitations in clot detection between genders. TTE displayed sensitivity of 98% and specificity of 81%. The accuracy rate of TTE was 43.3%.Pearson Correlation coefficient and Fishers Exact test confirms significance. The non-invasive nature of TTE, devoid of procedural complexities, positions it as a Cost-effective option. Conclusion: Our study provides compelling evidence supporting the hypothesis that TTE is an effective and practical alternative to TEE for LAA clot detection in RHD patients Further studies are needed in this regard so that the current Class 1C recommendation for TEE before any BMV may need to be revised.

Crossing the Barriers of Left Ventricular Entry during Percutaneous Transluminal Mitral Commissurotomy by Agilis nxT Catheter

Balloon mitral valvotomy is an effective procedure for the management of mitral stenosis. Procedural failures were reported due to difficulty in the left ventricle (LV) entry, which were addressed by veno-arterial or reverse looping of the balloon catheter. We are reporting three cases in whom LV entry was succeeded with an Agilis NxT catheter.

Analysis of Immediate and Short-Term Effects of Balloon Mitral Valvotomy: An Investigation into Left Atrial Strain Imaging and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET)

Analysis of Immediate and Short-Term Effects of Balloon Mitral Valvotomy: An Investigation into Left Atrial Strain Imaging and Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing (CPET)

Predictive value of pre procedural mitral valve commissural score in in patients undergoing balloon mitral valvotomy.

Objective: To evaluate accuracy of commissural score in patients with mitral stenosis through Transesophageal Echocardiography (TOE) and correlate it with outcomes of BMV. Study Design: Prospective study. Setting: Chaudhry Pervez Elahi Institute of Cardiology, Multan. Period: June 2022 to November 2022. Material & Methods: Study was conducted on total 171 patients. Transesophageal echocardiography was performed before BMV by consultant cardiologist. The subvalvar apparatus and mitral valve leaflets were examined at transgastric and mid esophageal levels. Morphology of mitral valve was assessed on the basis of mitral valve commissural score. Graded ballooning was performed stepwise in increments of 1 to 2 mm for reducing the transmitral gradient to satisfactory level. If satisfactory hemodynamic result were not achieved even at maximum, process was stopped. Pre and post procedural echocardiographic measurements were recorded. Results: Mean age of the participants was 42.2±14.0 years. Mitral valve commissural score of ≥2 was noted in 151 (88.30%) patients. After BMV, good outcome was achieved in 150 (87.72%) patients, and in remaining 21 (12.28%) patients outcome was poor. The mitral valve commissural score had a PPV of 96.7% and NPV of 80.0%. Stratification was performed on the basis of age, gender, rheumatic heart disease, obesity and NYHA class. No association was found between these variable and mitral valve commissural score with good outcome. Conclusion: In patients undergoing BMV, high commissural score (3-4) is predictor of good outcome, while low commissural score is associated with unfavorable outcome.

Outcome of Balloon Mitral Valvotomy in Severe Mitral Stenosis admitted in Suretech Hospital Jamtha, Nagpur

Outcome of Balloon Mitral Valvotomy in Severe Mitral Stenosis admitted in Suretech Hospital Jamtha, Nagpur

Utility of cerebral oximetry in balloon mitral valvotomy and its correlation with post-procedure neurological complications: A pragmatic prospective observational study.

Neurological complications (NCs) are significantly associated with reduced regional cerebral saturation (rSO2) in patients undergoing cardiac surgeries, as assessed with cerebral oximetry (COx). However, limited evidence is available in patients undergoing balloon mitral valvotomy (BMV). Thus, we evaluated the utility of COx in patients undergoing BMV, the incidence of BMV-related NCs and the association of >20% reduction in rSO2 with NCs. This pragmatic, prospective, observational study was performed after ethical approval, over November 2018 to August 2020, in the cardiology catherization laboratory of a tertiary care hospital. The study involved 100 adult patients undergoing BMV for symptomatic mitral stenosis. The patients were evaluated at initial presentation, pre-BMV, post-BMV and 3 months after the BMV. The incidence of NCs was 7%, including transient ischaemic attack (n = 3), slurred speech (n = 2) and hemiparesis (n = 2). A significantly greater proportion of patients with NCs had a > 20% decrease in the rSO2 (P value = 0.020). At >20% cut-off, the COx had a sensitivity and specificity of 57.1% and 80%, respectively, in the prediction of NCs. Female sex (P value = 0.039), history of cerebrovascular episodes (P value < 0.001) and number of balloon attempts (P value < 0.001) were significantly associated with NCs. Patients with and without NCs had a significantly greater post-BMV mean % change in rSO2 than pre-BMV (both right and left sides), but the magnitude of mean % change was greater in those with NCs. COx alone has low sensitivity and specificity in the prediction of NCs and cannot reliably predict the development of post-BMV NCs.

An observational study on balloon mitral valvotomy in patients with symptomatic severe mitral stenosis with associated significant aortic valve disease & its outcome.

An observational study on balloon mitral valvotomy in patients with symptomatic severe mitral stenosis with associated significant aortic valve disease & its outcome.

A Retrospective Study to Evaluate the Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Patients of Heart Disease in Pregnancy at a Tertiary Rural Hospital

Background: Heart disease(HD) in pregnancy remains an important cause of maternal, fetal morbidity and mortality especially in a developing country like India, where incidence of cardiac disease that complicates pregnancy is between 1% to 4% &amp; Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) still remains the most common type of heart disease complicating pregnancy due to Poor socioeconomic condition. Methods: This is a retrospective observational study carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at S.M.B.T. Institute of medical sciences, Dhamangaon during the period of 24 months to assess the maternal and fetal outcome on patients of heart disease with pregnancy. Result: Among the 3182 patients delivered in the study 35 had cardiac disease with prevalence of 1.1%, all patients were booked and diagnosed with heart disease during ANC checkup. Rheumatic Heart disease (70%) was the commonest form of heart disease with MS with MR predominating (22%). NYHA grade 2 patients (41%) were maximum with Anemia as the associated complicating factor.4 patients with severe MS required balloon mitral valvotomy (BMV) of them 1 patient went into pulmonary edema. There was no maternal mortality. 2 patients underwent medical termination of pregnancy (MTP) for cardiac reason and there was 1 neonatal mortality. Conclusion: RHD is still the commonest heart disease in pregnancy; BMV can be performed in third trimester on patients with severe MS reducing intra and postpartum complications. Giving good and timely antenatal, Intranatal and postnatal care at a tertiary care hospital with good cardiac, obstetric &amp; Neonatal care setup reduces maternal and fetal morbidity in patients of heart disease with pregnancy. Keywords: Rheumatic heart disease in pregnancy, Congenital heart disease in pregnancy, Balloon Mitral Valvotomy in pregnancy

Concurrent valve replacement and caesarean section for rheumatic mitral valve disease with refractory heart failure in late pregnancy.

To assess clinical characteristics and outcomes of women who underwent concurrent valve replacement with caesarean section for severe rheumatic mitral valve disease with refractory heart failure. All women admitted to a single centre from 2011 to 2020 with severe rheumatic mitral valve disease, having recurrent episodes of pulmonary edema on optimal medical therapy and contraindication to percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy, who underwent concurrent valve replacement (for native valve disease) along with caesarean section, were included. Among 1300 pregnancies with rheumatic heart disease, six underwent the concurrent procedure. All had replacement of mitral valve except one who had both aortic and mitral valve replacements, between 33 and 39 weeks of gestation. There were no maternal deaths, and there was one neonatal loss from late-onset sepsis. Pregnant women with severe rheumatic mitral valve disease with refractory heart failure, unsuitable for minimal access interventions, can be considered for a concurrent valve replacement with caesarean section.

Closed Mitral Valvotomy Reenvision.

In developing countries, like the Indian subcontinent, population overload, malnutrition, poor socio-economic status of affected groups, and health care facilities affect the treatment outcome. Nowadays procedures such as percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PBMV) and open heart mitral valve replacement are offered to patients with mitral stenosis. Whenever PBMV is unavailable due to financial constraints and open surgical management cannot be offered due to overburdened healthcare facilities, closed mitral valvotomy (CMV) provides an excellent choice for patients with favorable mitral valve pathology. Many centers do not practice CMV and thus this procedure is dying out. The young generation of surgeons are not been trained in CMV. The purpose of our study is to reenvision CMV and emphasize its vital role in mitral stenosis patient subsets like pregnant women and young adults. We reviewed the literature for various valvotomy techniques done for mitral valve stenosis and restenosis. Immediate and late outcomes were compared between the patients receiving Percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy and closed mitral valvotomy.The immediate and late-term results are comparable for PBMV and CMV and no statistically significant difference exists. The post-PBMV Mitral valve area (MVA) ranged from 2.1 +/- 0.7 cm^2 to 2.3 +/-0.94 cm^2 and post CMV MVA ranged from 1.3+/-0.3 cm^2 to 2.2+/-0.85 cm^2. Complications developing in both techniques are also nearly similar. Operative mortality in CMV patients ranged from 1% to 4.2%, also observed in PBMV patients in various studies. Mitral Regurgitation occurred in both groups equally and ranged from 0.3% to 14%. Restenosis was observed in both groups in the range of 4% to 5%. High fetal loss of around 20% mortality was witnessed in pregnant mitral stenosis patients undergoing open heart surgery.It's time to re-envision CMV since it is providing substantial outcomes and remitting the need for open-heart surgery at a very low cost in patients with mitral stenosis with a pliable valve.

Papillary muscle avulsion following balloon mitral valvotomy evaluated with three-dimensional echocardiography

BackgroundPercutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy is a common therapeutic approach for rheumatic mitral stenosis. Avulsion of the papillary muscle is a rare but serious complication of balloon mitral valvotomy. The papillary muscles are derived from the trabecular layer of the developing ventricular walls. When subjected to a force, avulsion of papillary muscle from the trabecular layer may occur.Case presentationIn this case report, we describe a patient with rheumatic mitral stenosis, who experienced avulsion of the mitral papillary muscle from the left ventricular wall after undergoing balloon mitral valvotomy. Papillary muscle alvusion resulted in severe mitral regurgitation, which was finally treated by mitral valve replacement.ConclusionWe successfully diagnosed avulsion of the papillary muscle following balloon mitral valvotomy. Three-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography provides more information on mitral apparatus structure than two-dimensional transthoracic echocardiography.

Balloon Mitral Valvotomy With the Accura Double-Lumen Balloon Catheter: Immediate and One-Year Clinical Outcomes.

ObjectiveDespite the decline in the incidence of rheumatic heart disease in developed countries, the disease still remains endemic among individuals of low socioeconomic status. The aim of the study is to assess immediate and one-year outcomes of balloon mitral valvotomy using the double-lumen Accura balloon (Vascular Innovations Co., Nonthaburi, Thailand) in patients with mitral valve stenosis.MethodsThis was a single-centre, observational, investigator-initiated retrospective study. All consecutive patients undergoing balloon mitral valvotomy with the Accura balloon between January 2015 and June 2020 were included. The primary endpoint was procedural success defined as an increase in mitral valve area (MVA) ≥50% from basal valve area or final valve area of ≥1.5 cm2, in the absence of mitral regurgitation grade >2. Clinical, echocardiographic, and haemodynamic parameters were assessed at the one-year follow-up.ResultsA total of 62 patients underwent balloon mitral valvotomy. The mean age was 34.9 ± 8.0 years, and 54 (87.1%) patients were female. Mean Wilkins' echo score was 7.5 ± 0.5. Procedural success was achieved in 59 (96.7%) patients. Mean MVA increased from 0.75 ± 0.14 cm2 to 1.64 ± 0.21 cm2, and mean mitral valve gradient decreased from 24.9 ± 5.5 mmHg to 7.30 ± 1.40 mmHg. Atrial fibrillation, mitral valve replacement, and moderate to severe mitral regurgitation occurred in 36 (59.0%), two (3.3%), and two (3.3%) patients, respectively. No death, cerebrovascular accidents, restenosis, or redo procedures occurred.ConclusionBalloon mitral valvotomy using the double-lumen Accura balloon is safe in patients with mitral valve stenosis.

Trio of Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis, Right Posterior Septal Accessory Pathway and Atrial Flutter: A Case Report

A 57-year-old man presented with recurrent palpitations. He was diagnosed with rheumatic mitral stenosis, right posterior septal accessory pathway and atrial flutter. An electrophysiological study after percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy showed that the palpitations were due to atrial flutter with right bundle branch aberrancy. The right posterior septal pathway was a bystander because it had higher refractory period than atrioventricular node.

Unusual Findings and Outcomes of Balloon Mitral Valvotomy

Balloon mitral valvotomy is a common procedure done for rheumatic mitral stenosis. However, certain cases may pose challenges and rarely may be life-threatening. Here, three unusual cases of balloon mitral valvotomy are presented. Case 1 had procedural challenge in terms of Interatrial Septal (IAS) fibrotic thickening and calcification, posing difficulty in trans-septal puncture and crossing IAS with valvotomy balloon. Case 2 had bidirectional Ventricular Tachycardia (VT) with a single dose of intravenous digoxin, and stress cardiomyopathy. Case 3 had difficulty in negotiating valvotomy balloon towards apex and in the process, there was left ventricular free wall perforation.

Balloon mitral valvotomy in pregnant women - Maternal and fetal outcomes

Balloon mitral valvotomy in pregnant women - Maternal and fetal outcomes

Echocardiographic strain imaging to assess immediate and short term effects of successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy on left atrial and right ventricular mechanics

Echocardiographic strain imaging to assess immediate and short term effects of successful percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy on left atrial and right ventricular mechanics

A study of immediate and long-term results of significant tricuspiud regurgitation after percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy

A study of immediate and long-term results of significant tricuspiud regurgitation after percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy

OR23. Correlation of Right Ventricular Systolic Function by Right Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain in Rheumatic Mitral Stenosis compared to Mitral Regurgitation before and after Intervention

Abstract Background and Aims Right ventricle systolic dysfunction develop prior to the onset of clinical systemic congestion; thus, early detection is beneficial for both diagnostic and therapeutic value. We aim to asses changes of Right Ventricular Global Longitudinal Strain (RVGLS) in rheumatic mitral valve disease, and assess correlation between Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure (RVSP) and RVGLS before and after intervention. Methods and Results Our study consisted of 21 patients with an established diagnosis of significant MS or MR and normal RV function, who were admitted for either Balloon Mitral Valvulotomy (BMV) or Mitral Valve Replacement (MVR). 2D echocardiography and measurement of RVGLS was obtained from RV-focused A4CH view. Patients were divided into 2 groups: (1) significant MS consists of 11 patients, (2) significant MR consists of 10 patients. Prior to intervention, MS group had significantly lower RVGLS compared to MR group (-11.64 vs. -18.29; p = 0.001). After MVR, the RVGLS of MS group was significantly increased compared to MR group (MS -11.64 to -15.59, p = 0.001 vs. MR -18.29 to -19.39, p = 0.069). Both MS and MR groups showed significant negative correlation between RVSP and RVGLS before and after intervention (r=-0.642; p = 0.002; r=-0.670; p = 0.001). Conclusion Pre-intervention with a background normal RV function, RVGLS was impaired significantly in MS group compared to MR group. Post intervention RVGLS improved significantly in MS group compared to MR group. Both groups showed significant negative correlation between RVSP and RVGLS before and after intervention.