Baikal Region Research Articles

DIFFERENT-SCALE HETEROGENEITIES IN SEGMENTS OF SEISMOGENIC FAULTS AND THEIR INFLUENCE ON SLIP MODES

The paper presents some multidisciplinary research results on the structure of slip surfaces in segmented sections of tectonic faults in the Baikal region and Mongolia. The properties of subsurface (modern) and deep slip planes that came to the earth’s surface as a result of many-kilometer denudation in the upper part of the earth’s crust are studied at different levels-from macroscale to nanocrystals. Other types of heterogeneities characterizing the structure of fault slip zones are also considered. The presented data indicate a heterogeneous structure of tectonic faults. Their slip zones show both low friction in sections where strong mineral phases are replaced by weak minerals, and potentially unstable patches with high frictional resistance. The results obtained in a comprehensive study of geological conditions, under which different-scale heterogeneities emerge in exhumed fault segments, should be taken into account when developing rock mass models suitable for numerical simulation of earthquake preparation processes at the micro-, mesoand macroscales.

Синоптические условия повышения уровня рек на юге Иркутской области и Забайкалья в июле 2023 года

The article discusses natural and anthropogenic factors of rising river levels and associated environmental consequences, existing probabilistic estimates of the amount of floods using various hydrological and climate models. Orographic, climatic and circulation features of the occurrence of floods in the Irkutsk region are identified. A study was carried out of the circulation and weather factors of increasing the intensity and duration of precipitation in early July 2023, which was accompanied by an increase in river levels in the south of the Irkutsk region and the Baikal region. The dynamics of atmospheric processes near the Earth's surface and at the levels of isobaric surfaces AT850 hPa, AT-700 hPa, AT-500 hPa and AT-300 hPa, reflecting the conditions of surface and highaltitude cyclo- and frontogenesis, are analyzed. The contribution of advective flows of heat and moisture, mesojets in the middle troposphere and upper tropospheric jet currents in increasing the amount and duration of atmospheric precipitation is highlighted. A significant contribution to the increase in precipitation and the rise in river levels was made by moist air masses moving in the lower troposphere from the water area of the lake. Baikal, in the middle troposphere from the Yellow Sea. The time of passage of the flood and the height of the rise in the level of individual watercourses as a result of the rains were estimated.

Historical and pedagogical aspects of the formation of fire education in the Baikal region in the 60s and 70s

The subject of the research of the scientific article is the peculiarities of the process of formation of the educational and pedagogical base in educational institutions of the fire department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in the 60-70 years of the XX century on the territory of the Irkutsk region. A brief analysis of the transformation of structural units of educational and pedagogical orientation is given, and a list of heads of educational cycles and departments is indicated at the stage of formation and development of the Irkutsk Fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR, as well as the Irkutsk branch of the Higher Engineering fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR. The research methodology includes a concrete historical approach (M.V. Astakhov, I.D. Kovalchenko, V.F. Kolomiytsev, A.P. Pronstein, etc.), as well as generalization, comparison, synthesis, classification, concretization; analysis of archival documents, legislation and scientific literature; retrospective analysis; method of historical analogies. The novelty of this scientific article lies in the fact that during the scientific research, historical and pedagogical sources, archival data describing in detail the history of the formation and development of the structure of the educational and methodological base in educational institutions of the fire department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR were identified and summarized. The conducted research is of interest to a wide range of readers, since the study of educational, pedagogical, structural and organizational activities in educational institutions of the fire department of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR is a very important component in the study of the formation and development of departmental education of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR in the territory of the Baikal region in the XX century. The scientific article analyzes the features of the implementation of pedagogical activity at the stage of formation of educational institutions of the fire profile. Examples of professional development of educational and structural units of cycles and departments of these educational institutions are considered, indicating the academic disciplines taught. The list of heads of these structural divisions at the stage of formation and development of the Irkutsk Fire Technical School and the Irkutsk branch of the Higher Engineering fire Technical School of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the USSR is considered.

ОЦЕНКА ПОСЛЕДСТВИЙ ЭКОЛОГО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ РИСКОВ В АГРАРНОМ ПРИРОДОПОЛЬЗОВАНИИ

The article updates the scientific development of economic tools for assessing possible environmental and economic risks in the Baikal region. Environmental risks in agricultural production are considered, production losses are calculated using the example of the southern territories. An economic assessment of the consequences of hydrological risks is shown using the example of flooding of agricultural land in the Kabansky district. The features of institutional regulation of environmental protection, as well as regulatory factors of economic activity for agricultural environmental management are presented. The technical and technological costs that cause an increase in production costs in crop and livestock production, lost profits and direct product losses are analyzed.

Классификатор ЦВЕТ как доминирующий при категоризации грибов в языках народов Прибайкалья

This study focuses on the categorization of mushrooms in Russian, Buryat, Tatar, Mongolian, Yakut, and Evenk languages. According to the author, the connection between categorization and nomination is demonstrated by how language units represent our worldview. Thus, the local languages exhibit varied reflections of the mushrooms found in the Baikal region. The prevalence of mushroom names in the Russian language is a testament to the significance of mushrooms in Russian culture. Mushrooms are not considered a significant part of the Buryat, Tatar, Mongolian, Yakut, and Even cultures, resulting in a limited number of mush-room names. The author discusses the cognitive classification features, or classifiers, used to name mushrooms, such as their color, shape, surface type, connection with animals, practical significance, and others. Extensive evidence supports the notion that the classifier COLOR is of primary importance in categorization. The colors relevant to mushroom nominations serve as confirmation for the theory of B. Berlin and P. Kay regarding the fundamental names of colors. Since the color attribute encompasses an evaluation of reality, it is classified as conceptual. The opposition between “white mushroom/black mushroom” shows the former as the optimal choice, edible and highly flavorful, and the latter as the least desirable choice, either inedible or less tasty. This differentiation is apparent in the mycological terminology in all the languages studied. The color choice for a mushroom name reflects its cultural symbolism. As an illustration, Turkic peoples utilize colors associated with solar symbolism to indicate the most valuable edible mushrooms.

Results of expedition measurements of PM10, PAHs and mercury above the water area of Lake Baikal in August 2023

As a continuation of regular research to obtain information about mechanisms and sources of air pollution above the water area of Lake Baikal, we present the results of the expeditionary studies on the concentrations of РМ10, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and gaseous elemental mercury in the near-water layer of the atmosphere above Lake Baikal in August 2023. On the route of the vessel along the perimeter of the lake, the concentrations of pollutants in the near-water atmosphere increased near the local sources of air pollution located on the coast of the southern basin (Listvyanka, Slyudyanka and Baikalsk) as well as at the source of the Angara River with the northwesterly transport from the industrial cities of the Baikal region. Over the study period, the РМ10 concentrations averaged 6.0 µg/‌m3, PAHs–1.1 ng/m3, and gaseous elemental mercury–0.75 ng/m3, which was lower than the values recorded during wildfires between 2016 and 2020 in some areas of Siberia. The resulting concentrations of the investigated air components did not exceed air quality standards. Pairwise correlations during the study period were high between РМ10 and PAHs (0.71) and low between PAHs and mercury (0.21).

Agglomerative approach to the analysis of wind regime over Lake Baikal during the existence of the autumnal thermal bar

An approach based on agglomerative hierarchical clustering of wind direction data is proposed to analyze the wind regime over the middle Baikal region. Wind direction data were obtained from an objective National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) analysis. The constructed maps agree well with the measurement data collected at the meteorological stations in the Irkutsk and Zabaykalsky departments of Hydrometeorological and Environmental Monitoring.

Pine needles and soil as bioindicators of forest ecosystems in the anthropogenically disturbed areas of the Baikal region

Forest ecosystems of Baikal region were chosen a subject of comprehensive research conducted on the basis of the monitoring network created. Recommendations of the international manual ICP Forests, as well as the authors’ developments were used for the research. The study was focused on toxicological, physiological-biochemical, and biogeochemical indicators that adequately reflect the state and manifestation of the protective properties of the forest ecosystem main components (tree-stand and soil) under the influence of anthropogenic factors – air pollution, urbanization, and irrational forest management. The assessment of the vital state of tree-stands of Scots pine (indicator species) was carried out on the basis of representative indicators: pigments, the level of enzymatic and non-enzymatic components of antioxidant protection, the content and ratio of biogenic elements, changes in morphometric parameters. When studying soil in anthropogenically disturbed territories, an increase in soil density, a decrease in natural moisture, aeration, and humus content were found, alkalization of the upper horizons and accumulation of pollutants with a low migration rate in the upper horizons of the soil profile. Air pollution and high recreational load were shown to produce the greatest stressful impact on the forest ecosystems.

Features of microbial communities in fresh lakes of Buryatia

The taxonomic composition of microbial communities of eight large fresh lakes of Buryatia was studied. These lakes are Baikal, Kotokel, Gusinoye, Shchuchye and lakes of the Eravno-Kharginskaya group (Isinga, Gunda, Sosnovoe, Bolshoe Eravnoe). They have water management, fishery and recreational significance. At the phylum level, the microbial communities of the studied lakes were similar but the phyla abundance was varied. They consisted of typical freshwater taxa Pseudomonadota, Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, Cyanobacteriota, Firmicutes, Planctomycetes and Verrucomicrobia. At the genus level, Acinetobacter and Pseudomonas were numerous in all lakes. Other dominant taxa were Flavobacterium, hgcI clade in the fresh lakes of the Baikal region and Exiguobacterium, Klebsiella in the Eravno-Kharginskaya lakes. The feature of Eravno-Kharginskie lakes was the abundance of the genera Exiguobacterium and Klebsiella, as well as the detection of sanitary-significant bacteria. These facts may indicate pollution as a result of pressing various factors, including anthropogenic ones.

Natural cycles in the Northern Baikal region

The authors of the article present the results of an analysis of the cyclicity of long-term numerical series of meteorological parameters (average annual air temperature, total annual precipitation) and six longterm numerical series of short-lived animal species from different taxonomic groups: ground beetles, small rodents and passerine birds living in similar biotopes of the low-mountain part of Barguzinsky ridge (territory of the Barguzin State Natural Biosphere Reserve). The cyclic components of long-term observation series lasting 33-67 years were studied by Fourier spectral analysis. Periodograms and cyclic sequences of model species coincide in most cases. In all species, high-frequency 2-3 year cycles predominate, while mid-frequency 4-8 year and low-frequency 9-19 year cycles are of secondary importance. Statistically significant correlations between cyclicity in the long-term abundance series of model animal species and the cyclicity of annual precipitation and average annual temperature have been identified. Reliable correlations between the cyclicity of Wolf numbers and the cyclicality of meteorological parameters are shown. Solar activity has an indirect effect on the cyclicity of natural processes in the Northern Baikal region.

Логический подход к построению модели машинного обучения для оценки устойчивого развития горных территорий

Introduction. There are a significant number of mountainous areas on the territory of Russia. The Russian Federation has extensive mountain systems, including the Altai Territory, the Caucasus region, the Ural Mountains, the Sayans, the Baikal region, Kamchatka, Chukotka and others. The exact number of mountainous areas is difficult to determine, since this concept can vary depending on the classification criteria and the boundaries of mountainous regions. This paper proposes an approach to constructing a machine learning model to determine the level of sustainable development of mountain regions. The sustainability of regional development is considered at three levels: environmental, social and economic. To build a model that can assess the level of sustainability of a region, various input data are used, including climatic conditions, geographical characteristics, socio-economic indicators and other variables associated with mountainous regions. After data collection, the most relevant features related to the sustainable development of the region are selected using correlation analysis, feature selection methods or expert knowledge. Next, a model is built based on logical methods of data analysis and processing. The choice of model is due to the fact that logical methods are better at handling small amounts of data and may be less prone to overfitting; they can ignore outliers or noisy data that negatively affect other machine learning methods. Logical methods can also be useful when working with unstructured data, such as texts or images. The work uses logical rules and patterns to extract information and classify data. The work proposes a software package that provides the ability to assess the sustainability of mountain areas based on a database, as well as create and update a knowledge system to improve the accuracy and adaptability of the sustainability assessment process. The goal of the work is to create a model that can help in assessing and predicting the sustainability of mountain areas, as well as in understanding the factors influencing this sustainability. This can help improve the planning and management of mountain regions to achieve more sustainable development and preserve their environmental and socio-economic integrity. Research methods. After data collection, the most relevant features related to the sustainable development of the region are selected using correlation analysis, feature selection methods or expert knowledge. Next, a model is built based on logical methods of data analysis and processing. The choice of model is due to the fact that logical methods are better at handling small amounts of data and may be less prone to overfitting; they can ignore outliers or noisy data that negatively affect other machine learning methods. Research result. A machine learning logic model that demonstrates its effectiveness in identifying and identifying the main factors influencing the sustainable development of a region.

Harris Lines as Indicators of Physiological Stress in the Middle Holocene Cis-Baikal

This article is a plain language summary of a master’s thesis completed in 2022 through the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Saskatchewan. The goal of this research was to study Harris lines (HL; transverse lines in human and animal long bones that are only visible through X-rays) in the skeletal remains of hunter-gatherers from the Middle Holocene (~9000–3000 years BP) Baikal region of the Russian Federation. HL have often been associated with stress events such as malnutrition or disease in early life. Thus, this thesis expected to highlight differences in the lived stress experiences of two distinct cultural periods from the region which had already been shown in previous studies on stress. Individuals 25 years and younger at time of death from two cemetery populations dating to the Early Neolithic (EN; 7560–6660 years BP) and one from the Late Neolithic (LN; 6060–4970 years BP) were examined for HL. The data was then compared between EN and LN individuals to determine if one population experienced greater stress than the other based on higher HL counts. This thesis demonstrated that HL are not irrefutably tied to stress in EN and LN populations from the Cis-Baikal and HL are not reliable determinants of how often or how many periods of stress they experienced during development. This thesis also challenged ongoing critiques in the study of HL, including image capture methods, to facilitate future research and discussion relating to HL.

Trends in the Development of Small Business in Russia and the Baikal Region in 2017–2023

The purpose of the article is to consider modern, mainly quantitative, trends in the development of small business in two subjects of the Baikal region — the Republic of Buryatia and the Irkutsk region. At the same time, the current trends are compared with the all-Russian trends and key indicators that traditionally characterize the state of small business in developed countries, and with the target indicators of the Strategy for the Development of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises in the Russian Federation for the period up to 2030. As a result of the analysis of a number of absolute and relative indicators, conclusions are drawn about a rather specific modern picture of small business development in the regions under consideration against the background of such all-Russian trends as an increase in the number of small and microenterprises with a reduction in the number of employees employed in them, a decrease in the proportion of the number of employees of small enterprises in the total number of employed and an almost unchanged value of the contribution indicator small business in Russia's GDP. It can be seen that while maintaining such dynamics, it is impossible to achieve the target targets of the Strategy. At the same time, since its development, a significant number of negative external factors have appeared that affect the development of business, including small ones, which have caused the emergence of problems of a new nature. Consequently, we should not talk about the inefficiency of the measures taken by the state and other support for small businesses, but rather about the insufficiency of these measures and their untimely actualization within the framework of the impact of newly emerging negative environmental factors.

Biochemical composition of fruit must from small-fruit apple varieties grown in the Southern Baikal Region

Most climatic zones of the Russian Federation include vast apple plantations that serve as the primary source of raw materials for the production of cider and fruit alcoholic beverages. The technological potential of new apple varieties in the production of fruit alcoholic beverages is understudied. The present study aims to examine the chemical composition (including the fractional composition of sugars and organic acids) of fruit must from small-fruit apple varieties grown in the Southern Baikal region and to identify the most suitable varieties for cider production.The biochemical composition of must was determined via conventional methods as per state standards. Smallfruit semi-cultivars grown in the Southern Baikal Region are characterized by variability in the content of extractive substances. In different years, the fruit of the same variety accumulates different amounts of dissolved solids (12.5–14.5%), primarily sugars (109.3–135.3 g/dm3). Among sugars, fructose is the most abundant (over 50%), followed by glucose. The proportion of disaccharides in the composition of sugars in the fruits of different varieties ranges from 9.1 to 21.5%. The concentration of organic acids in the studied varieties ranges from 7.2 to 13.0 g/dm3. The detected organic acids include malic acid (up to 83.4%), citric acid (up to 6.7%), lactic acid (up to 6.4%), succinic acid (up to 2.5%), as well as trace amounts of tartaric and acetic acids. The amount of phenolic compounds in the specimens varies from 522.5 to 1704.6 mg/dm3. The studied semi-cultivars were classified as sharp and bittersharp cider apple varieties.

Исследование потребительских предпочтений в отношении традиционных продуктов питания (на примере туристов Байкальского региона)

Introduction. The article is devoted to the study of the consumption of traditional food products by tourists of the Baikal region. The study of the food traditions of different countries and regions of the world is an actual scientific topic. The field of gastronomic tourism has been actively developing in the recent years. The Baikal region is a unique region of Russia. The development of tourism in this region is possible through gastronomic tourism. It is known that traditional dishes play an important role in increasing the popularity of tourist destinations. In this regard, the purpose of this work is to study the consumer preferences for traditional food products (on the example of tourists from the Baikal region). Methods of research. For assessment of the satisfaction and consumer preferences of tourists in the Baikal region in relation to traditional food products, a questionnaire was developed (in Russian and English languages). During the study, 43 respondents were interviewed ― tourists of the Baikal region, permanently residing in other regions of Russia or foreign countries. Statistical processing of the results was carried out using standard methods of mathematical statistics. Results and its discussion. It has been found that buuzy, shulen, traditional green tea (nogoon sai), buchler are the most popular foods for the tourists of the Baikal region. The majority of respondents are satisfied with the quality of these products. At the same time, the study has shown that there is a list of traditional food products that the respondents haven’t tried during their stay in the Baikal region. For example, products from Baikal omul and products from wild-growing plants were tried only 79 % and 86 % of respondents respectively. Despite of this fact, the most of the surveyed tourists would like to purchase a fermented product from the Baikal omul. The most important consumer indicators of the quality of fermented Baikal omul are pleasant taste, reasonable price, pronounced aroma and health benefits. Conclusions. The majority of the respondents were satisfied with the quality of traditional food products of the Baikal region. Products from Baikal omul and fermented omul, in particular, were tasted only by a small percentage of respondents. It can be related to the fact that the commercial fishery was prohibited when the survey was conducted. Successful development of the Baikal fermented omul brand requires marketing support.

Hybrid Deep Learning and Sensitivity Operator-Based Algorithm for Identification of Localized Emission Sources

Hybrid approaches combining machine learning with traditional inverse problem solution methods represent a promising direction for the further development of inverse modeling algorithms. The paper proposes an approach to emission source identification from measurement data for advection–diffusion–reaction models. The approach combines general-type source identification and post-processing refinement: first, emission source identification by measurement data is carried out by a sensitivity operator-based algorithm, and then refinement is done by incorporating a priori information about unknown sources. A general-type distributed emission source identified at the first stage is transformed into a localized source consisting of multiple point-wise sources. The second, refinement stage consists of two steps: point-wise source localization and emission rate estimation. Emission source localization is carried out using deep learning with convolutional neural networks. Training samples are generated using a sensitivity operator obtained at the source identification stage. The algorithm was tested in regional remote sensing emission source identification scenarios for the Lake Baikal region and was able to refine the emission source reconstruction results. Hence, the aggregates used in traditional inverse problem solution algorithms can be successfully applied within machine learning frameworks to produce hybrid algorithms.

Trends and «Oddities» in the Evolution of Industry in the Irkutsk Region in the Space of Innovative and Destructive Disturbances

The bizarre evolution of regional industry in a disturbed environment is manifested by the features of non-linear functioning as responses to the influence of assertive factors of transformation of the world and national economy. The motley picture of the chronological series of values of basic industry indicators encourages us to evaluate and explain the observed trends, drawing attention to the «oddities» of the economic dynamics of industry in the Irkutsk region. In an effort to increase the analytics of transition processes excited in the regional economy by streams of innovative and destructive disturbances, the theoretically and practically significant task of objectifying and understanding the patterns of maneuvering of the industry of the Baikal region in a non-stationary environment is being updated. The attractiveness of research on this popular topic in order to identify and argue trends in the evolution of industry in the Irkutsk region obliges us to turn to the teachings of evolution, chaos and disasters, nonlinear dynamics and synergetics, which constitute the methodology of the research presented, for instrumental processing and interpretation of complex economic processes in industrial systems. The information and empirical basis for the research was information from federal and regional statistics, scientific publications on the problems of industrial and innovation management. In accordance with the purpose of the study, the object of study is the industry of the Irkutsk region. Scientific novelty lies in the increase in knowledge about the sources, factors and phenomena of the evolution of regional industry in the space of innovative and destructive disturbances. The article reveals the nonlinear dynamics of indices of the physical volume of the gross regional product, industrial production, investment in fixed capital, and a number of indicators of innovative activity of the regional industry. The conducted research modernizes the theoretical, methodological and applied tools for managing the development of regional industry in a non-stationary environment.

Neolithic Liner Dagger from Ust-Narym in the Irtysh River Valley

The present research featured a slotted, or liner, bone dagger from the Neolithic layer of the Ust-Narym settlement on the Irtysh River. Its design, material processing technology, and functional purpose make it a rare, as well as the most ancient example of hand-to-hand combat weapons found in Kazakhstan. This composite object was carved from the posterior left metatarsal bone of a wild auroch with the help of several tools. It includes thin and sharp flint inserts, which were attached into the grooves on the side faces of the dagger frame with a special adhesive substance. An additional nozzle for a short handle made it possible to use this piercing-cutting weapon in battle. It is decorated with dots and circles connected by straight lines, which probably means it was a socialized object of ritual use associated with sacrifice. Typologically, the dagger from Ust-Narym is similar to artifacts found in the Late Paleolithic and Mesolithic sites in the south of Western Siberia, in the Urals, in the Baikal region, and in Eastern Europe. The dagger marks a milestone in the technical and technological development of ancient Eurasian peoples. It also illustrates the ethno-social and cultural processes across the vast territory of Eurasia.

On the genesis of the bow designs from the “Old Buryat” burials

In the paper, the finds of fragments of bows from the “Old Buryat” burials of the 17th–18th centuries from the Baikal region are analysed, and an attempt is made to determine their genesis from the data on their technological features. On the basis of the conventional method of weapon-analysis classification, two types were distinguished by the set of the reinforcing onlays. To understand the missing structural elements, the data is drawn in on more recent fully preserved items produced locally in the 19th — early 20th c. from the museum and private collections from the territory of the Baikal region, since a genetic affinity can be traced between them and the earlier products by the available onlays. This allows one to speak about similar morphological and metric characteristics between the Buryat bows of the 19th — early 20th c. and the objects from the “Old Buryat” burials. In the result of the conducted analysis, the relationship between the distinguished type 1 and items of the 12th–14th cc. of the population of the Ust-Talkinskaya Culture of the Cisbaikalia region has been established by the onlays used and the structure of the wooden base (in comparison with the products of the Buryats of the 17th–18th cc. associated with the bows of the 19th — early 20th c.), on the basis of which it was concluded that the design evolved in the Mongolian period from a local prototype. The type 2 is also associated with ‘Mongolian type’ bows by the presence of the median frontal remiform onlay, although it has the features of Yakut’s ‘Central Asian’ bows (the end frontal straps made of staghorn with a wide and a narrow areas). In the course of the study, it has been revealed that the design of the objects of the 19th — early 20th c., predominantly Transbai-kalian bows of the Selenga Buryats, has features of both the type 1 as well as the type 2, and it evolved from a local basis as a result of the synthesis of the elements of these types, thus combining the features of the northern and local workmanships. In the result, the structures appeared, which were reinforced with long end straps made of staghorn, with a long wide area creating transitional zones, and a short narrow one reinforcing the rigid limb tips. In the Cisbaikalia region, modifications of the type 1 bow were further developed by means of combining materials in the onlays of the transitional zones. All of the recorded bows, in terms of the shape of the ends and transitional zones, are much closer to the Mongolian bows of the 12th–14th c. from the rock burials of Mongolia, than to the Manchurian-Mongolian bows widespread in Central Asia since the 17th c.

Directions and dynamics of population processes in Siberia and the Far East during the Neolithic-Bronze and Early Iron Ages: cranial metric evidence

The purpose of the study is estimation of direction and dynamics of population processes from Neolithic to historical times on the vast territories of Northern Eurasia including Siberia, Russian Far East and Japanese archipelago. To achieve this cranial metric data on 62 ancient and 40 historical samples were analyzed by means of canonical variate analysis using mean intra-group correlation matrix. The obtained results reveal that in Neolithic three basal group of population can be detected in Siberia and Far East mainland. Basically the interaction of these groups explains morphological population landscape in post-Neolithic times. The first group, represented by the Baraba Neolithic series, is obviously the descendants of the Upper Paleolithic tribes of Western and Central Siberia. The second group is related to Boisman-2 sample from Primorye. The cranial characteristics of this series can be detected in Neolithic from Primorye to Baikal region. The third group is represented by a cranial series from the Diring-Yuryakh burial ground of the Ymyakhtakh culture located in Yakutia (Sаkha). Although this sample is not closely related to other ancient series used in the analyses it contributed to historical ethnic groups adjacent to Tuva and Mongolia. In Western Siberia massive gene flow related to Afanasievo in Eneolithic and especially Andronovo people in Bronze Age is detected. At the end of the Early Iron Age, the western migration vector changed to the eastern one. The results of canonical variate analysis reveal high level of morphological similarity between Baraba Neolithic sample, Jomon, and Epi-jomon. This result needs to be verified by other independent sources including morphologic and genetic studies.