Bahia Brazil Research Articles

Morphology and molecular evidence reveal hidden diversity among snapping shrimp of the Alpheus obesomanus group (Decapoda: Alpheidae) with the description of a new species from Brazil

The snapping shrimp family Alpheidae Rafinesque, 1815 includes numerous species, most of which present controversial geographical distributions. The disjunct distribution of Alpheus simus Guérin-Méneville, 1856 in the western Atlantic, from Florida to the south of the Caribbean Sea and then from Rio Grande do Norte to Bahia in Brazil, suggests that Brazilian material may belong to an undescribed species. The examination of specimens previously identified as A. simus revealed the distinct morphology of material from Brazil, resulting in the description of a new species based on morphological and molecular evidence. The specimens were collected from fragments of fire coral at the Parque Municipal Marinho do Recife de Fora, Porto Seguro, Bahia, Brazil. Alpheus coralvivo sp. nov. belongs to the A. obesomanus group and is morphologically similar to A. simus (northwestern Atlantic) and A. saxidomus Holthuis, 1980 (eastern Pacific), differing mainly in the stylocerite and scaphocerite lengths and in the large gap between the cephalothorax and pleuron of the first pleonal segment. Molecular analysis using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene support the existence of the new species.

Novelties and nomenclatural notes in Pabstiella (Orchidaceae) from the Brazilian Atlantic Rainforest of Bahia and Espírito Santo

Three new species of Pabstiella from Espírito Santo and Bahia in Brazil are described and illustrated, with digital plates, comparative figures, and annotations on their ecology provided. The species are compared with similar taxa, and their phylogenetic placement is hypothesized based on their morphology. In addition, five species are proposed as synonyms, P. teschiana and P. henrique-aragonii as synonyms of P. crenata, P. wanderbildtiana as synonym of P. aurantiaca, P. osculator as synonym of P. rhombilabia and P. menegattii as synonym of P. decurva. A respective taxonomic discussion is provided for each case, and a lectotype is selected for P. aurantiaca.

Making soil in the Plantationocene

ABSTRACT Based on 14 months of ethnographic research, this paper analyzes soil management within the plantation model of farmingin order to understand the extent to which life on large-scale monocultural farms can be controlled and directed toward extractiveproduction. Transnational soy farmers in Western Bahia Brazil ‘correct’ soils in the region to make them productive and marshal thisagronomic work to claim that they have added value to the land by ‘building it up’. Still, the permeability of the plantation keepstransnational farmers from achieving their dreams of control.

Professor Manuel Miró, a researcher with an extensive and prestigious academic career, kindly spoke to BrJAC

Manuel Miró received his M.Sc. (1998) and Ph.D. (2002) in Chemistry from the University of the Balearic Islands, Spain. He has conducted post-doctoral research in several universities, including the Technical University of Berlin, Technical University of Denmark and University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences. He is currently Full Professor in Analytical Chemistry at the University of the Balearic Islands (since September 2017); Guest Professor at Charles University (Czech Republic) (since 2014); and member of the IUPAC Chemistry and Environment Division (Subcommittee on Chemical and Biophysical Processes in the Environment). He has completed and consolidated four teaching periods (each of 5 years) and three research periods (each of 6 years). Dr. Miró is the Reviews Editor of the journal Analytica Chimica Acta (Elsevier, IF: 6.91, the second highest IF across scientific journals for general analytical chemistry) and Associate Editor of the Encyclopedia of Analytical Science, 3rd Edition, Elsevier, positions that he has held since 2007 and 2016, respectively. His publication record shows over 220 refereed publications, including 14 book chapters and a foreword, with an h-index of 42 and over 5600 citations. He has published 24 articles in the prestigious journal ‘Analytical Chemistry’ from the American Chemical Society and is the corresponding author of 110 articles. Dr. Miró has delivered 70 oral presentations (60 as plenary, keynote, or invited lecturer) at international conferences on analytical chemistry, sample preparation, nanotechnology, environmental chemistry, and automation based on flow methodology. He has also presented over 180 poster communications in international conferences and symposiums. He has supervised 10 Ph.D. students in national and international universities (Technical University of Denmark, Mahidol University and Chiang Mai University in Thailand, University of the Balearic Islands in Spain, and Federal University of Bahia in Brazil). He has been actively engaged in 34 national and international research projects (e.g., University of Melbourne in Australia and Charles University in Czech Republic), including 16 as the Principal Investigator. Dr. Miró’s research interests are focused on the development of on-line sample processing strategies for isolation and/or preconcentration of trace levels of environmental pollutants, exploiting 3D printing in the generation of various flow injections, including 3D-printed µFIA and Lab-on-a-Valve mesofluidic platforms, in conjunction with modern analytical instrumentation.

Application of ERA5-Land reanalysis data in zoning of climate risk for corn in the state of Bahia—Brazil

Application of ERA5-Land reanalysis data in zoning of climate risk for corn in the state of Bahia—Brazil

Following the footsteps of Burmeister's leaf frog (Phyllomedusa burmeisteri) in the Atlantic forest of Brazil

Amphibians are organisms which mainly have a biphasic life cycle. When at the larval stage, their habitat is generally aquatic, and when adults, they become terrestrial. Pond-breeding amphibians are sensitive to some disturbances in their environment which lead to the decline of a population. The interactions between the species and their environment are performed through movement. Movement ecology combines and explains the movement data of organisms with biotic and abiotic factors and because of this, knowing the movement of these creatures is of great ecological importance. We used the spool-and-line methodology in individuals of the treefrog Phyllomedusa burmeisteri, at the Reserva Ecologica Michelin, located in the southern region of Bahia in Brazil to study their movement patterns in different environments inside and outside of the forest. We monitored 19 P. burmeisteri individuals that presented a mean total movement distance of 2160.76 cm (S.D. 1152.42). We found no significant difference in the trajectories of individuals in forested and open areas, as well as a positive relationship between the distances individuals moved and their weight only in forested areas. no relationship between distance and weight of these individuals. We observed that individuals followed non-linear paths and the number of steps from one place to another varied among individuals. Our movement ecology data allows us to answer questions about short-term movement patterns of Phyllomedusa burmeisteri. This is the first step to start understanding the spatial cognition of treefrogs from the Atlantic Forest and to fill gaps about life habits of these frogs. Information on the movement patterns of a species, as well as its home range can help to create conservation strategies, regarding the creation or delimitation of protected areas, for example.

Flat mites (Tenuipalpidae) from Bahia state, Northeastern Brazil - a checklist including new records and an illustrated key to species

Tenuipalpidae (Trombidiformes: Tetranychoidea) is an economically important family of plant-feeding mites. The family has approximately 1,100 described species in 41 genera with worldwide distribution. Currently, 40 species of Tenuipalpidae have been recorded from Brazil, and prior to this study only 11 were known from Bahia state. Five new species records are presented here for Bahia, making a total of 16 species now known from the state. Brevipalpus is considered the most important genus due to their association with, and ability to transmit, devastating plant viruses. Some diseases caused by viruses transmitted by Brevipalpus mites (VTBs) have already been recorded in the state of Bahia, such as the Passion fruit green spot virus and citrus leprosis. This paper presents a checklist of tenuipalpids reported from the state of Bahia in Brazil, including new records and an illustrated identification key to the species.

Reservoir characterization of Maracangalha sandstone using measurements on outcrops and well logs

In this research, we performed petrophysical measurements using conventional techniques (Pycnometer and gas permeameter), resistivity and chargeability electrical, besides nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), on 122 shale sandstone samples collected from outcrops of the Maracangalha Formation in Frades Island, Bahia Brazil. This Formation is an of the main hydrocarbon reservoirs in the Recôncavo Basin in Brazil, but little petrophysical information is available. Electrical measurements were performed using a sample holder build with four-electrode, two for current injection and two for electrical potential measurements, where the rock samples were inserted under condition 100% saturated with multiples salinity solutions. NMR measurements were also obtained with saturated samples and under the condition of partial saturation. The conventional, electrical, and NMR data were analyzed together, resulting in important petrophysical parameters for the lithological characterization of the Maracangalha Formation sandstones. These samples were characterized according to your effective porosity, cementation exponent, volumetric-solid conductivity, clay content, mean grain, and pore-throat sizes. Such laboratory results allowed developing an integrated approach to interpret geophysical well logs of the Maracangalha reservoir. These logs, including gamma-ray, porosity (density, sonic and neutron) and electrical data, were interpreted in terms of shaliness, effective porosity, and partial water saturation, supported by our experimental petrophysical results. In particular, to complete this interpretation was used a combination of electric logs was used to describe the true resistivity at the invaded and in the virgin zone of this reservoir. Taking into account the effects of weathering in the samples used, these results contributed to the formation of a petrophysical database for the Maracangalha Formation, as well as its use as guide values for new interpretations in geophysical profiles in this region.

Drivers of vulnerability to climate change in the southernmost region of Bahia (Brazil)

The region that comprises the Atlantic Forest is one of the most degraded areas of the planet, being especially vulnerable in climate change scenarios, which project a mean temperature increase between 2ºC and 3ºC by 2070 for the Brazilian Northeast region. This article aims to analyze the main drivers of socio-environmental vulnerability in the Atlantic Forest region that comprises the southernmost identity territory of Bahia (Brazil) and their potential consequences for coping with climate change. To this end, historical data on land use and occupation was spatialized and evaluated, along with socioeconomic indicators and legal environmental adequacy in the municipalities that make up this territory. The results indicate four structural drivers that generate regional vulnerabilities: the persistence of deforestation; the continuous expansion of monoculture areas; the maintenance of low levels of well-being of the population; as well as a picture of legal environmental liabilities. Based on the analysis of these data, strategies are proposed to increase the adaptive capacity to climate change in this region, especially considering the role of municipalities as a central actor in the implementation of adaptation actions by incorporating into their existing planning instruments indicators and strategies that address the multiple current challenges, especially when the federal government seems to be neglecting climate change.

Soil macrofauna as a bioindicator of soil quality in successional agroforestry systems

The objective of this study was to evaluate soil macrofauna as a bioindicator of soil quality in successional agroforestry systems and secondary forests. The study was conducted in the southern lower region of Bahia in Brazil, in two areas: a successional agroforestry system (AFS18) and native forest (NF). AFS18 consists of two species: mahogany (Khaya ivorensis and Khaya grandifoliola), açaí (Euterpe oleracea), cacao (Theobroma cacau) and banana (Musa spp.). Sampling was carried out in the dry (June) and rainy (October) seasons of 2019, and eight soil monoliths were collected in both areas. A total of 889 individuals from the soil macrofauna were sampled. The highest frequency (RF) of taxons occurred in NF in the rainy season, and the groups that stood out were: Oligochaeta with 42% FR in ASF18, Formicide with 33.9% in NF and Isoptera with 58% in AFS18. The macrofauna structure of the soil varied according to the time of collection. The density of macrofauna individuals differed between areas only in the dry season. The highest number of ind.m² was observed in the area NF (378) when compared to ASF18 (196). TOC, Mg2+, Al3+ and CTC were related to AF on both occasions of collection and AFS18 in the rainy season, K+, P and pH were associated with AFS18 in the dry season. The diversity, equitability and richness of the soil macrofauna was greater in AF area. HFA18 in the rainy season was similar to NF, favoring colonization of the area by soil macrofauna organisms.

Performance evaluation of the WRF model in a tropical region: wind speed analysis at different sites

In this study, the performance of the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is evaluated using combinations of three Planetary Boundary Layer (PBL) and three Land Surface Model (LSM) schemes, in order to identify the optimal parameters for the determination of wind speed in a tropical region. The state of Bahia in Brazil is selected as the location for the case study and simulations are performed over a period of eight months between 2015 and 2016. This is done to ensure that the dry and rainy seasons at the three different experimental sites—Esplanada, Mucuri, and Mucugê—are well separated from each other. The results of the simulations are compared with the observational data obtained from three towers equipped with anemometers at heights of 80, 100, 120 and 150 m, strategically placed at each site. Overestimation of wind speed is observed in the simulations, despite similarities between the simulated and observed wind directions. In addition, the accuracies of simulations corresponding to sites that are closer to the ocean are observed to be lower—the most accurate wind speed estimates are obtained corresponding to Mucugê, which is located farthest from the ocean. Finally, analysis of the results obtained from each tower accounting for periods with higher and lower precipitation reveals that the combination of the PBL-YSU scheme with the LSM-RUC scheme yields the best results.

Úlcera de pé diabético

Objetivo: Relatar a experiência do tratamento de úlcera de pé diabético realizado em domicílio na cidade de Salvador Bahia no Brasil e retratar a importância da assistência de enfermagem de forma sistematizada para um bom prognóstico da lesão. Métodos: Estudo descritivo, do tipo relato de experiência, que apresenta o tratamento de úlcera de pé diabético realizado em domicílio na cidade de Salvador Bahia no período de 26 semanas. Resultados: Inicialmente foi realizada a inspeção do membro inferior e avaliação da lesão para identificar as suas características e para seleção da cobertura. Foi utilizado como cobertura primária: compressa de polihexametileno biguanida (PHBM) 0,2% com troca a cada 48 horas e Hidrogel com alginato com troca a cada 48h. A epitelização completa da lesão aconteceu em 26 semanas de acompanhamento de enfermagem. Conclusão: A importância do cuidado integral durante a assistência hospitalar, bem como, do acompanhamento da usuária e da ferida no âmbito domiciliar pela equipe de enfermagem, assim como a educação continuada oferecida a esta paciente, colaboraram para a eficácia do tratamento e a qualidade da assistência prestada.

Learning Body Techniques: Dance and Body Flexibility among Gay Black Teens in Salvador de Bahia, Brazil

This article is the result of ethnographic fieldwork among amateur dancers, mainly among gay adolescents from the outskirts of Salvador de Bahia (Brazil), who label themselves as “flexible”. This self-definition arises out of bodily flexibility techniques, cultivated through intense physical work. By focusing on specific training situations, such as stretching exercises, I trace understand how the “flexible” body is built. I propose that the language mobilized by these young people offer an important guide to understanding the distinctive elements of this practice. The practitioners’ accounts and my own observations of the practice indicate that the embodiment of acrobatic skills occurs in a process that weaves body and environment. Following Ingold, I argue that an ecological approach help us to comprehend this kinesthetic practice as spatial realization, as well as providing useful insights into its learning practices exploring the richly sensory dimension of learning practices and development of motor sensibilities, such as the sound and the imperative pain experience. Furthermore, I analyze how my interlocutors’ concept of body fits the theoretical idea of how bodies should not be defined by what they are, but rather by what they are able to do.

Emotions and the tolerance of large carnivores: pumas in a crop-based landscape in Brazil

SummaryUnderstanding the factors that affect the tolerance of carnivores is critical for proposing strategies for their conservation. A widely known hazard-acceptance model for large carnivores proposes that, unlike cognitive factors, emotional (affective) factors are secondary drivers of tolerance towards these species. The main objective of this article is to compare the effect of affective and cognitive factors on the tolerance of pumas (Puma concolor), using 109 semi-structured interviews conducted in a rural landscape in the state of Bahia (Brazil). Through the use of cumulative link models I found that although the cognitive model explained a considerable amount of variability (gen. R2 = 0.38) in the tolerance of the species, the affective model explained a higher amount of variability (gen. R2 = 0.44). In addition, an integrative model containing cognitive and affective factors explained the highest amount of variability (gen. R2 = 0.51). Contrary to what has been believed for decades, humans may not process information regarding wildlife from a purely analytical viewpoint, and social-based strategies for carnivore conservation should benefit from integrative approaches that consider emotional responses to wildlife.

The Defense of Brazilian Civilization from the Criticism to the use of Perfumes: Doctors in Medicine in Bahia of the XIX Century

In academic theses written by doctors in the 19th century state of Bahia (Brazil), we are confronted with the statement that perfumes are an evil to be avoided. Concerned with promoting the health of the population and establishing themselves in a country strongly marked by the dispute between different agents dedicated to healing, doctors trained at the Faculty of Medicine of Bahia, inaugurated in 1832, will insist on the pathological character of the aromatics and, with that, will place themselves against certain customs of colonial Brazil, as well as practices brought at the beginning of the century by the Portuguese Crown. The arguments simultaneously articulate body and morality in the construction of a discourse of truth that would constitute the scientific and aims at the same time to discuss and institute civilization in Brazil. Our goal is, based on the theses, to identify and understand some of the tensions that involve the different ways in which smells and perfumes were thought in the period.

Connected Empires, Connected News

This paper analyzes the information that was disseminated in the Netherlands and Spain—and other territories connected to the latter such as Portugal and Flanders under Habsburg rule—about the taking by the Dutch of the city of San Salvador de Bahia in Brazil, and his subsequent recovery by a Spanish-Portuguese expedition (1624–1625). Despite the different communicative structures, these national journalisms shared professional strategies to inform about the conflicts that occurred in the distant Brazilian lands. Given the difficulty of informing promptly and truthfully, the discourse of the Dutch and Spanish newspapers about their colonies alternates between the information explosion and silence, depending on the alternation between victories and defeats in American territory. News was as connected as were the empires that controlled vast territories in Europe and America, despite the ideological and religious differences of the era.

“O dinheiro como sinônimo do prazer?”: análise processual dos significados representacionais de trabalhadoras sexuais sobre satisfação sexual

As trabalhadoras sexuais possuem vivências que suscitam questionamentos sobre o que poderá satisfazê-las sexualmente e, dessa forma, terem uma boa qualidade de vida. Objetivou-se apreender os significados representacionais de trabalhadoras sexuais acerca da satisfação sexual no seu cotidiano. Estudo qualitativo, fundamentado na Teoria das Representações Sociais, realizado no município sede da Região do Alto Sertão Produtivo da Bahia (Brasil), em áreas de vulnerabilidade social, onde são localizados os locais de prostituição. Participaram do estudo 132 mulheres. A Técnica de Associação Livre de Palavras foi usada para a coleta de dados, com o termo indutor “prazer/satisfação sexual”. O corpus foi organizado e processado por meio do software IRAMUTEQ que emitiu o Plano Fatorial de Correspondência, Árvore Máxima de Similitude e a Nuvem de Palavras. Os resultados oriundos das três formas de análise demonstraram homogeneidade nas representações sociais, pois o inconsciente do grupo apresentou o termo “dinheiro” como central e principal formador campo representacional acerca da “satisfação sexual”, fugindo à ideia de que as profissionais do sexo sentem orgasmo no ato sexual com os clientes. Assim, refletir sobre a “satisfação sexual’, ancorada na Teoria das Representações Sociais, possibilitará que profissionais de saúde repensem suas práticas, considerando as especificidades desse segmento populacional, no que se refere ao planejamento de cuidados à saúde sexual das mulheres que exercem o trabalho sexual, focado na libido e na parte subjetiva da sexualidade, extrapolando o senso comum de que o foco da assistência em saúde das prostitutas deve estar focado apenas na prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis.

Quantitative evaluation of the geosites and geodiversity sites of João Dourado Municipality (Bahia—Brazil)

Geological aspects of certain sites can help understand the history of a region and reveal discoveries in regard to the planet. Geodiversity in situ is expressed in geosites, with occurrences of geological features of scientific value, and geodiversity sites, places where other values prevail, such as education, culture, and tourism. In addition, such locations can generate socioeconomic benefits for the local population through management based on education and geotourism. Joao Dourado is a municipality located in the central north of the state of Bahia, in Chapada Diamantina. It is inserted in the Irece Basin, coinciding with lithotypes of the Salitre Formation, which presents carbonate rocks of a shallow marine environment. The municipality is yet to be the subject of a detailed study carrying out inventory and assessment of its geodiversity. The objective of this study was to investigate the geodiversity of the municipality through quantitative evaluation and classification of the relevance of geosites and geodiversity sites. In this context, the inventory and quantification of sixteen sites of interest were carried out using the GEOSSIT application of the Geological Survey of Brazil (CPRM). Five geosites were found, one of international relevance and four of national relevance, as well as eleven geodiversity sites, whereby nine are of national relevance and two of regional/local relevance. Understanding and disseminating the geodiversity of Joao Dourado provides a basis for territorial management actions by public authorities and brings the population into closer contact with geosciences.

A Tecnologia Social e sua Contribuição para a Educação em Ciências

A Tecnologia Social é caracterizada como um produto, técnica e/ou metodologia reaplicável e desenvolvida com a participação da comunidade para a resolução de problemas sociais/socioambientais. Nesse sentido, investiga-se a apropriação de alguns pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da Tecnologia Social por parte dos sujeitos da comunidade local e escolar, que participaram da seleção e implementação de uma Tecnologia Social, em busca da superação de uma demanda local na comunidade do Iguape, no município Ilhéus, BA. Metodologicamente, a pesquisa foi organizada em duas etapas: a) reunião com os moradores do bairro, para discutir a demanda socioambiental local e selecionar uma Tecnologia Social; b) implementação de uma Fossa Séptica Ecológica na comunidade em colaboração com os moradores. As informações foram obtidas por meio de videogravações realizadas durante a reunião e a implementação da fossa e entrevistas semiestruradas com os moradores que participaram de todo o processo. A análise se deu por meio da Análise Textual Discursiva tendo como referência duas categorias a priori: i) coaprendizagem e reaplicação; e ii) processos de tomada de decisões e autonomia. Dentre os resultados, constatou-se que a construção da fossa possibilitou a integração entre o conhecimento popular e os científicos, propiciando a reaplicação da TS na comunidade local, além da transformação sociotécnica, que se deu por meio de um processo colaborativo. Além disso, evidenciou-se que a TS tem um significativo potencial para contribuir na seleção de conteúdos e conhecimentos para o currículo escolar, como os da área de Ciências Naturais.

Evaluation of the bioavailability of potentially toxic metals in surface sediments collected from a tropical river near an urban area

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of the metals cadmium, copper, lead, nickel, and zinc from sediment samples collected in the Paraguaçu river between the cities of Cachoeira and São Félix in the state of Bahia in Brazil. The method used was the acid extraction of volatile sulfides and metals extracted simultaneously (AVS-SEM) as described in the literature. For the extraction of sulfide, an argon drag system was used after acidification of the samples with HCl, releasing the volatile sulfides collected in the basic solution. Its determination was made by molecular absorption spectrophotometry using the methylene blue method. For quantification of the metals, the sediment with acid was filtered and the residual solution was analyzed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP MS) in which the elements that were associated with the sulfide were released in solution. The bioavailability evaluation was done by the relation between the sum of the concentrations of the metals in solution (SEM) and the concentration of sulfide in each sample (AVS). When the ∑SEM/AVS ratio is >1, the medium is considered contaminated by the high bioavailability of the metals to other environmental compartments. In the samples collected in the Paraguaçu river in two campaigns, with an ∑SEM/AVS ratio of 0.007 to 1.082, the last value being the only critical>1, while the other quantities in the metallic phase were not available for a biota. By comparing the metal concentration data with the internationally established tolerance limits, all the values found were below the critical values, presenting no toxic risks to the surrounding ecosystem.