Abstract — the effects of refining and alkaline chemicals on potential of recycling bleached chemical pulp of bagasse were investigated in this study. Recycling was done until three times. Handsheet properties such as, apparent density, light scattering coefficient, tear index, burst index, breaking length, and fold number according to TAPPI standard were measured. Water retention value also was used to considering the treatments during recycling. Refining enhanced the strength of recycled pulp by increasing fiber flexibility and swelling ability, whereas by applying chemical treatment didn't observe any improvement. The morphology of recycled fiber was considered with scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Keywords — bagasse pulp, chemical treatment, recycling, refining, scanning electron microscopy, Water Retention Value I. I NTRODUCTION O N - WOOD lignocelluloses' materials such as bagasse have been used for many years in Iran because there are minimum forest resources. However, the use of nonwood's fibers is increasing in well-forested countries. This increasing is due to a rapid growth in demand for wood in wood products, such as, plywood, veneer, and furniture. On the other hand, paper and paperboard consumption per capita (kilogram/person/year) from 38.04 to 54.48 increased in world and it also increased from 7.39 to 14.06 in Iran during 1960-2005 [1]. Therefore, more studying on nonwood pulps seems to be necessary.Bagasse, a residue by-product form the production of cane sugar, is the crushed cane stalk after juice has been extracted. Literature references about the potential recycling of bagasse pulp are few [2] [3]. Repeated recycling causes fibers to become less suitable for paper making; because they become less flexible than virgin fibers and don't conform as well. Then recycled paper is weaker due to less bonding between the fibers [4]. There are four possible methods to regain the loss of bonding of recycled fibers: (1) beating and refining, (2) chemical treatment, (3) blending with virgin fibers, and (4) fiber fractionation [5]. In this study, the first and second methods were applied. Alkaline-based solutions are the most common chemicals utilized because alkali treatment influences the swelling capacity of the fibers, which is a very important factor in terms of the bonding