Bad Experiences Research Articles

"Tak Lagi Sama": Pergeseran Makna Pernikahan pada Ibu Muda yang Bercerai

The number of divorce cases in Indonesia continues to increase, and this experience can affect one’s perception of marriage. This study aims to explore in more depth the meaning of marriage that young, divorced mothers have. This research is phenomenological qualitative research. The data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews and analyzed using descriptive analysis. The results revealed 5 (five) aspects, namely: 1) the meaning of marriage before marriage, 2) the meaning of marriage after divorce, 3) reasons for divorce, 4) decision to remarry, and 5) children for participants. The research revealed that marriage, which was originally a life goal, changed due to bad experiences during marriage and divorce.

Overview of Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Related to Halitosis in Online Motorcycle Taxi Drivers in Sei Putih Tengah Sub District, Petisah District, Medan, Indonesia

Background: Halitosis is a sign of dental and oral health problems. Halitosis is characterized by the presence of an unpleasant odor in the oral cavity. Halitosis is caused by many things, one of which is a result of impaired saliva production, which is caused by smoking. Online motorcycle taxi drivers are in a community that is very close to smoking. This study aimed to provide an overview of aspects of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior related to halitosis in online motorcycle taxi drivers in Sei Putih Tengah Sub District, Petisah District, Medan, Indonesia.
 Methods: Descriptive observational study. A total of 36 research subjects, namely online motorcycle taxi drivers, participated in this study. Observation of knowledge, attitudes, and behavior refers to a questionnaire developed by the halitosis clinic at the University of Basel, Switzerland. Univariate analysis was carried out with the help of SPSS software.
 Results: The majority of research subjects are independently aware of bad breath and experience similar complaints <1 year. The majority of research subjects felt bad breath after waking up in the morning. The majority of research subjects also stated that dentists were the choice for consultation regarding bad breath disorders. The majority of research subjects know the origin of bad breath, the source of bad breath, and know that smoking is the cause of bad breath. Most research subjects did not feel ashamed of other people even though they felt they had bad breath.
 Conclusion: Knowledge and behavior related to halitosis are good, although attitudes related to halitosis are not good among online motorcycle taxi drivers in Sei Putih Tengah Sub District, Petisah District, Medan, Indonesia.

Evaluating workforce needs for higher specialist training for psychiatry of intellectual disability in Kent, Surrey and Sussex: a workforce scoping service evaluation

PurposeWhilst recruitment and retention of high-quality staff is vital to providing a good service, at the time of the evaluations, Kent, Surrey and Sussex (KSS) was the only area of the UK without a Higher Specialist Training (HST) scheme in intellectual disability (ID). The purpose of this project was to identify barriers to recruitment and support the need for change.Design/methodology/approachThis evaluation included conducting interviews with 16 practitioners in the region with links to ID to consider the gaps in training and find solutions.FindingsFour themes were identified, namely, good experiences are important to recruiting people into the ID field; bad experiences or lack of exposure to people with ID are likely to prevent engagement with this field; there is an ongoing need for specialist psychiatrists in ID services; and there is a developing need for specialists in neurodevelopmental disorders. Finally, the challenge means we need to think differently about developing a workforce. Seven recommendations to support workforce delivery in KSS were developed.Originality/valueThis paper highlights an important rationale for ongoing need for HST in ID work and also reasons to engage people in this field. This has not been undertaken in the ID field in this way previously.

Breaking bad news: Awareness and practice of the SPIKES protocol among general surgery residents at a tertiary care institute in northern India.

Background In general surgery, a clinician is commonly required to break bad news. However, training in communication is not a part of the formal curriculum either in medical school or in surgical residency and there is a paucity of data on awareness of the SPIKES (Setting up the interview, Perception, Invitation, Knowledge sharing, Emotion, Strategy and Summary) protocol among practising surgeons and residents in India. Methods We did a cross-sectional study in the Department of General Surgery at our institution. Junior residents were invited to take part in a one-on-one interview. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the findings of the study. Comparison for categorical data was done using Fisher exact test or chi-square test (whichever was applicable). Results A total of 82 residents with mean (SD) age of 27 (2.5) years (range 23-37 years) participated in the study. Only 31 (37.8%) had ever received training for breaking bad news, though 80 (97.6%) had broken bad news at least once. Twenty-one (26.3%) participants had a bad experience while breaking bad news. Seventy-seven (93.9%) participants felt the need for training in breaking bad news and 76 of them were willing to attend the same. Although the complete SPIKES protocol was followed only by 25 (31.3%) residents, 46 (56.1%) felt that it was practically possible to follow the SPIKES protocol. Conclusion Resident doctors in general surgery face situations of breaking bad news and adherence to the SPIKES protocol is poor. Formal training at every level may enhance their communication skills and enable better healthcare delivery.

Effect of Smoking on Periodontal Health: Awareness among Azra Naheed Dental College Patients

Background and Aim: Smoking is one of the most preventable causes of premature mortality around the globe. In addition to causing unattractive tooth staining, periodontal disease, bad breath, wounds impaired healing, and precancerous conditions, smoking is also detrimental to oral health. The present study aimed to determine the effect of smoking on periodontal health and to identify the level of awareness among smokers about the effects of smoking on their oral health. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 200 participants in Azra Naheed Dental College (ANDC), Lahore from January 2022 to September 2022. This self-administrated questionnaire survey was used to determine sociodemographic characteristics, smoking cessation programs and individuals' willingness to quit smoking, as well as awareness of oral health affected by smoking. Dental patients aged ≥19 were enrolled. The questionnaires asked about the demographics of participants, their awareness regarding smoking effects on oral conditions, including staining of teeth, oral cancer, delayed wound healing, gum disease, and dental implants. Results: Of the total 200 participants, there were 144 (72%) male and 56 (28%) females. The overall mean age was 35.8±14.1 years. Age-wise distribution of patients was as follows: 138 (69%) in 19-40 years, 51 (25.5%) in 41-60 years, 6 (3%) in 61-80 years, and 5 (2.5%) >80 years. About 57 (28.5%) had past medical history, out of which hypertension (HTN) was the most prevalent medical history 32 (16%) followed by combined hypertension and diabetes cases 13 (6.5%), diabetes 5 (2.5%), asthma 4 (2%), and vocal cord surgery 3 (1.5%). Regarding Dental history, the incidence of extraction and scaling, scaling, filling, extraction, extraction and filling, scaling extraction and filling, restoration, Root canal treatment (RCT), restoration and RCT, denture, artificial teeth, and capping were 21 (10.5%), 28 (14%), 15 (7.5%), 15 (7.5%), 12 (6%), 6 (3%), 1 (0.5%), 1 (0.5%), 1 (0.5%), 2 (1%), and 2 (1%) respectively. About 82 (41%) participants were smokers among total participants. The incidence of toothless, staining, halitosis, bad taste, effect on gums, delay in healing, tenderness, pain cured, bleeding gums, loose tooth, prostho work, and bad experience were 83 (41.5%), 151 (75.5%), 161 (80.5%), 75 (37.5%), 101 (50.5%), 63 (31.5%), 83 (41.5%), 113 (56.5%), 101 (50.5%), 65 (32.5%), 39 (19.5%), and 23 (11.5%) respectively. Conclusion: The present study concluded that only 8% of respondents knew that smoking is associated with periodontal diseases, illustrating the lack of awareness of patients regarding the link between smoking and periodontal diseases across the board. Keywords: Periodontitis, Smoking, Periodontal health, Assessment

N11 Adherence, self-care and illness perception in patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease – a qualitative study

Abstract Background Medical treatment (MT) is key in the management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD, ulcerative colitis [UC] and Crohn’s disease [CD]) and non-adherence is a barrier to treatment efficacy. Approximately 30 % of patients with IBD is non-adherent to MT. Self-care is defined as; the process of maintaining health through health-promoting practices and managing illness. Adherence is an important part of self-care in IBD. Illness perception relates to understanding disease and potential consequences. The aim of this study is to add deeper understanding of adherence and non-adherence as part of self-care and explore the links to illness perception and self-efficacy in patients with IBD. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted face-to-face with 15 IBD patients (5 CD, 9 UC, 1 IBD-U, Table 1) at a university IBD-clinic in Sweden. Patients were invited to ensure richness of data and maximum variation of disease duration, age, and sex. Interviews were recorded, transcribed verbally, and analysed with inductive, latent content analysis. Results Analysis resulted in three main categories and ten subcategories. The first category, Disease Perception, included the observation that a majority of the informants monitors disease through bowel symptoms. However, perception of severe illness was linked to low daily function. Most informants used stress reduction and diet to reduce symptoms. Some informants struggled with acceptance of disease while others seem to have reached higher acceptance. Fear related to disease was expressed, e.g., colonoscopies, cancer and progress of disease. The second category, Health Care Perception, showed that informants highly desired a personal connection with the doctor. Some informants expressed trust issues due to delayed diagnosis, kindreds’ bad experiences from health care or emotional trauma related to disease onset or care. Unmet need of information mainly concerned the health care system, the diagnosis and MT. The third category, Treatment Perception, included the informants’ ambivalence towards MT, where worries of potential harm from MT was central. Preferences on administration of MT was a factor that influenced adherence. Many informants perceived that non-medical strategies are more or equally important as MT to decrease symptom burden. Conclusion The findings add understanding of reasons for adherence and non-adherence to MT and demonstrates the complex mechanisms behind this phenomenon. The informants’ evaluation of risk and benefit with MT covers considerations that are not entirely medically established. This highlights the importance of a trustful dialogue and shared decision making between patient and health care provider in order to increase adherence.

The Impact of Non-Physical Education Teachers' Perceptions on the Promotion of Active and Healthy Lifestyles: A Cross-Sectional Qualitative Study.

(1) Background: In accordance with the socio-ecological model of physical education (PE), school-based interventions to promote physical activity (PA) will only be successful if a change occurs in the perceptions and attitudes of all. This study sought to analyze non-PE teachers experiences in PE and how these experiences relate to the value they attribute to PE, sports and PA, and the impact of teachers' perceptions on promoting active lifestyles in the school's context. A mixed-method study was adopted. (2) Methods: A survey about the perceptions in PE was applied to 297 teachers (58 male). From this sample, 24 teachers were selected for three focus groups considering their experiences in PE (e.g., good experiences, bad experiences). MaxQda was used for the inductive qualitative data analysis. (3) Results: Teachers who have had good experiences in PE value the role of PE and sports. Teachers who have had bad experiences do not value the importance of PE or sports. (4) Conclusions: The results support the importance of having good experiences in PE to generate positive attitudes. Thus, teachers who have had bad experiences in PE may constitute barriers that will hinder the promotion of an educational climate that promotes PA and active lifestyles in schools.

Willingness of older people living with dementia and mild cognitive impairment and their caregivers to have medications deprescribed.

people living with cognitive impairment commonly take multiple medications including potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs), which puts them at risk of medication related harms. to explore willingness to have a medication deprescribed of older people living with cognitive impairment (dementia or mild cognitive impairment) and multiple chronic conditions and assess the relationship between willingness, patient characteristics and belief about medications. cross-sectional study using results from the revised Patients' Attitudes Towards Deprescribing questionnaire (rPATDcog) collected as baseline data in the OPTIMIZE study, a pragmatic, cluster-randomised trial educating patients and clinicians about deprescribing. Eligible participants were 65+, diagnosed with dementia or mild cognitive impairment, and prescribed at least five-long-term medications. the questionnaire was mailed to 1,409 intervention patients and 553 (39%) were returned and included in analysis. Participants had a mean age of 80.1 (SD 7.4) and 52.4% were female. About 78.5% (431/549) of participants said that they would be willing to have one of their medications stopped if their doctor said it was possible. Willingness to deprescribe was negatively associated with getting stressed when changes are made and with previously having a bad experience with stopping a medication (P < 0.001 for both). most older people living with cognitive impairment are willing to deprescribe. Addressing previous bad experiences with stopping a medication and stress when changes are made to medications may be key points to discuss during deprescribing conversations.

A bibliometric analysis of preoperative anxiety research (2001-2021).

Recently, mental health has received increasing attention, particularly preoperative anxiety, which constitutes a bad emotional experience for surgical patients. Many experts have studied preoperative anxiety in terms of its related risk factors, interventions, and postoperative effects; however, there has been no systematic analysis of published articles. This paper presents a bibliometric review of documents related to preoperative anxiety published between 2001 and 2021. A detailed data analysis of 1,596 publications was conducted using CiteSpace and VOSviewer. Since the 20th century, the field of preoperative anxiety has gradually developed; research began around 2000 and has made a huge leap forward since 2016. Developed countries, led by the United States, were the first to conduct research, but preoperative anxiety research in developing countries like Turkey and China has gradually increased and led to an irreplaceable contribution. Intervention has remained the main topic of preoperative anxiety research, and measures have developed from premedication to the provision of education and information. Moreover, the use of advanced equipment such as virtual reality has emerged with great popularity. Based on previous research, the application of virtual reality combined with pediatric patients will become a new research direction.

Would people prefer city-center living in the post-COVID era?: Experience, status, and attitudes to social disasters

The COVID-19 pandemic was a significant social disaster that radically affected the paradigm of current urbanization and city-center living. Responses to the disaster varied depending on related experiences, individual status, and attitudes. Thus, this research extends the previous literature by examining the effects of experiences related to the COVID-19 pandemic, socioeconomic status, and how perceptions and attitudes affect preferences for city-center living in the Seoul Metropolitan Area, South Korea. We use data from PSSRAC (Perception Survey of Seoul metropolitan area Residential Awareness during COVID-19) of 2021. A binary logistic regression method is used to examine significant characteristics that affected the residential preference change due to “Experience,” “Status,” and “Attitude” in the COVID-19 era. The findings showed that respondents’ experience, status, and attitude related to the pandemic could have a complex effect on predictions of preference, for central or suburban living tendencies in the post-COVID-19 era. In terms of “Experience,” people who had bad experiences during the pandemic, for example, poor economic conditions were associated with suburban area living trends. For “Status,” socially and economically vulnerable groups preferred suburban residence due to the steep rise in housing prices in the city center after the pandemic. Finally, for “Attitude,” ‘value of housing for investment” was positively associated with a preference for city-center living in the post-COVID-19 era; respondents with a higher priority for maintaining remote work tended not to change their current residence. This study may provide planners, housing developers, and policymakers with meaningful implications for addressing urban changes in the post-COVID-19 era. Additionally, it is expected that this research’s ESA analysis and results can be used as a valid reference for other global cities.

Testing the Ecophenotype Model: Cortical Structure Alterations in Conduct Disorder With Versus Without Childhood Maltreatment

BackgroundChildhood maltreatment is common in youths with conduct disorder (CD), and both CD and maltreatment have been linked to neuroanatomical alterations. Nonetheless, our understanding of the contribution of maltreatment to the neuroanatomical alterations observed in CD remains limited. We tested the applicability of the ecophenotype model to CD, which holds that maltreatment-related psychopathology is (neurobiologically) distinct from psychopathology without maltreatment. MethodsSurface-based morphometry was used to investigate cortical volume, thickness, surface area, and gyrification in a mixed-sex sample of participants with CD (n = 114) and healthy control subjects (HCs) (n = 146), ages 9 to 18 years. Using vertexwise general linear models adjusted for sex, age, total intracranial volume, and site, the control group was compared with the overall CD group and the CD subgroups with (n = 49) versus without (n = 65) maltreatment (assessed by the Children’s Bad Experiences interview). These subgroups were also directly compared. ResultsThe overall CD group showed lower cortical thickness in the right inferior frontal gyrus. CD youths with a history of maltreatment showed more widespread structural alterations relative to HCs, comprising lower thickness, volume, and gyrification in inferior and middle frontal regions. Conversely, CD youths with no history of maltreatment only showed greater left superior temporal gyrus folding relative to HCs. When contrasting the CD subgroups, those with maltreatment displayed lower right superior temporal gyrus volume, right precentral gyrus surface area, and gyrification in frontal, temporal, and parietal regions. ConclusionsConsistent with the ecophenotype model, findings indicated that CD youths with versus without maltreatment differ neurobiologically. This highlights the importance of considering maltreatment history in neuroimaging studies of CD and other disorders.

СТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ШКОЛЬНОГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ В ЮГРЕ В 1760–1800-Х ГГ.

The article considers the history of the first educational institutions in Ugra – Latin grammar schools and Russian (Slavic-and-Russian) schools which were intended for children of the clergy mainly. It is noted that the attempts to develop the system of education in the second half of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries cannot be called successful to the full. By the beginning of the 19th century only the fourth part of all male children of the clergy attended educational institutions of different types. Lack of well-trained teaching staff, shortage of textbooks, dispersion of parishes over the vast territory, lack of financing, poverty of church- and clergymen, and the failure to use the achievements of pedagogics in practice prevented schools from development. However, this bad experience had an impact on development of educational institutions in the region later.

A Comparative Study to Assess the Resilience and Perceived Social Support among Patients with Substance Use Disorder in Relapse and Abstinence in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Sonitpur (Assam)

Understanding resilience and social support among individuals with substance use disorder on abstinence as well as relapse will helps promote long-term abstinence and enhance the recovery. Studies have shown that adequate social support and high level of resilience help an individual to use positive emotions to leave behind bad experience and strengthen one' s self-esteem and to overcome negative emotions and thus preventing relapse. As substance use disorder disrupts a person' s self-control and self-efficacy leading to relapse. It is important for the family members as well as health care professionals to provide social support that can increase the resilience and self-esteem and further decreasing the relapse rate. The study aims to compare the resilience and perceived social support among patients with substance use disorder in relapse and abstinence. Quantitative research approach with comparative research design was adopted. The population were the patients with relapse admitted at indoor, DAM and patients in abstinence with substance use disorder attending DAM, OPD of a tertiary care hospital. The sample consisted of 40 participants as per Krejcie and Morgan sample estimation formula who are selected by using purposive sampling technique. The data was collected by using socio demographic proforma, clinical variables, Conner and Davidson Resilience scale and Multidimensional perceived social support scale. The results showed no significant difference between the two groups i.e Relapse and abstinence in the context of Perceived Social support and Resilience respectively (t=-1.611, p=0.115) (t=-0.309, p=0.759). This study may be a suggestive of developing psychosocial intervention module to promote social support and resilience and to decreases the risk of relapse.

Cervical Cancer Care Seeking Behaviour Among Community Women, Jos-North, Plateau State

Most people are infected with HPV shortly after the onset of sexual activity. The screening rate has not reached the WHO's target. This study seeks to assess community women's care-seeking behavior toward cervical cancer screening participation. A cross-sectional design was employed, community women who met the criteria for inclusion were given a self-developed questionnaire conveniently. Results show that the majority (51.9%) of women were between the ages of 21-29, majority (83.0%) had only one sexual partner, majority (75.0%) were extremely poor with very low yearly income of less than 284,700.00 Naira, and 19.3% experienced gynecological symptoms. Majority (78.5%) have the fear of being diagnosed with cancer, and 69.6% fear exposing their genital area. Women agreed that HPV is the causative organism of cervical cancer and husband do not allow someone to touch their wives’ private parts. They moderately agreed that a woman must obtain consent from her husband before going for screening, that exposing their private part is culturally inappropriate. Only 14.1% of those surveyed had ever undergone a cervical cancer screening. Among the respondents who had screened, 57.9% had bad experience. There is a significant difference between age group and screening where majority who had screened were older women within the age group 30-65 years (X2=8.402; P-value=0.005) and having gynecological symptoms has positive influence on screening participation (X2=7.422; P-value=0.012). The majority (92.6%) believed that husband involvement and the caregiver's friendly attitude are among other facilitating conditions to screening. In conclusion, there was low screening participation among community women. Women's knowledge of cervical cancer and screening did not translate into participating in screening. Low socioeconomic status has a significant impact on screening, screening rates were higher among older women than younger ones, and experiencing gynecological symptoms has a positive impact on screening. It was therefore recommended that interventions aimed at enhancing care seeking behavior based on women's needs be implemented.

Why do Polish Women Want to Stay Childless? Analysis of Voluntary Childlessness Motives

The phenomenon of voluntary childlessness is increasingly apparent in the modern world contributing to the problem of an ageing society. There are numerous motives of voluntary childlessness indicated in the literature that are especially related to the decisions of women. The aim of this study was the identification of the motives for voluntary childlessness among Polish women using internet debate analysis. The analysis indicated nine motives: desire for freedom, the need for peace and solitude, reluctance to make sacrifices/to take additional responsibilities, dislike of children, fear of pregnancy and childbirth, fear of potential disease of a child, environmental motives, the lack of maternal instinct and bad childhood experiences that can be classified in three categories.

Patients' perspectives on optimal doctor-patient interactions during medical consultation: Lessons for medical educators.

Perceptions of patients of the nature and quality of the interaction with their doctors during consultation are potentially an important factor determining patient satisfaction and doctors' success. Failure by medical doctors to understand how patients perceive them or what patients desire from them may hinder the establishment of strong, trust-based doctor-patient relationships. The purpose of this study was to explore the health service users' views in a region of Botswana on what constitutes optimal doctor-patient interaction during consultation and propose recommendations for integration into medical education curricula. A purposive sample of 12 individuals was selected in a setting where health and well-being are underpinned by principles of interdependence and interpersonal connections (botho/ubuntu philosophy) for semi-structured interviews using the critical incident technique to elicit desired behaviors and actions of medical doctors during consultation. The participants described their good and bad consultation experiences with medical doctors. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Three themes, derived from 11 codes, were identified from the data: conversational skills (welcoming and focused), interpersonal skills (humane, respectful, empathetic, unprejudiced, and personal), and professional traits (humble, trustworthy, thorough, and empowering). Many expressed desires or expectations correspond with humanistic attributes described in the literature, suggesting their universal value. More importantly, the desires and expectations align with the principles of the Bantu philosophy of botho/ubuntu. Accordingly, educators should intentionally provide learning opportunities for students to promote the development of the desired attributes that enhance an effective doctor-patient relationship but should employ culturally relevant pedagogy.

Patient Satisfaction in Relation to Esthetic Outcome of Dental Treatment: A Systematic Review and Pooled Analysis

ABSTRACT Introduction: Esthetics is often an essential yet ignored aspect of dental treatment. In the present study, an attempt was made to evaluate patient satisfaction in terms of esthetic outcome of dental treatment. MaterialS and Methods: For this purpose, a systematic review was carried out by searching, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus databases using the keywords “esthetics,” “orthodontic treatment need,” “dental treatment need,” “satisfaction,” and “determinants.” A total of 1075 studies were shortlisted, out of which a total of 927 were excluded in the preliminary assessment itself. A further 779 were excluded during the process of identification of themes and concepts and another 73 were out of sampling frame/inappropriate methodology. Of the remaining 75, a total of 44 studies were related with expectation and perceptions and thus only 31 (2.9%) studies were left that had evaluated esthetics as the treatment outcome. Among these, 9 studies each were related with orthodontic and prosthodontic/implantology treatment, respectively, while 6 studies were related with general dental treatment, and the remaining 7 were related with specialized/esthetic procedures. Results: The overall patient satisfaction rate was 67.3%. It was highest in the prosthodontics and dental implantology group (75.1%) and lowest in patients availing of generalized dental (32.4%). Conclusion: Patient satisfaction was affected by gender, pretreatment appearance, patient personality characteristics, type of disorder, patient education, previous bad experience, treatment time, cost of treatment, use of appliance/treatment modality/material, practice location and environment, dentist personality, quality of treatment, patient’s esthetic perception, negligence/regularity, smoking, and oral health factors. CLINICAL RELEVANCE TO INTERDISCIPLINARY DENTISTRY The article targets to describe the patient expectations with respect to esthetic dental treatment and how patient’s satisfaction is affected by different esthetic dental treatments availed by them for various purposes. The article also highlights the various dental treatment options availed by the patients and their esthetic outcome.

THE UNPREDICTABLE HISTORY OF THALIDOMIDE

The article reflects the history of thalidomide, synthesized by the West German pharmaceutical company Chemie Gr?nenthal in 1954. Initially the drug was promoted as an effective hypnotic, devoid of the adverse effects of barbiturates. The drug became very popular in Germany and beyond its borders, and had been used in more than 40 countries. At some point thalidomide began to be offered for the treatment of nausea in pregnancy. However with time a gradual increase in the incidence of congenital malformations in children whose mothers took thalidomide during pregnancy was noted. Two doctors – Widukind Lenz and William McBride – are known for drawing public attention to the dangerous consequences of the drug usage in pregnancy. Initially, thalidomide manufacturers denied their guilt, however a numerous number lawsuits obliged pharmaceutical companies to pay huge financial compensations to the victims of thalidomide. In the United States, FDA employee Francis Kelsey became famous for not giving permission for thalidomide for the US pharmaceutical market despite its unrestricted usage in European countries. The article provides information about some thalidomide victims who were able to live an active life and become famous. After the recognition of the thalidomide tragedy the therapeutic usage of the drug seemed to be irrevocably terminated. However, in 1964 the Israeli doctor Yakov Sheskin almost by occasion discovered the therapeutic effect of thalidomide on some types of leprosy. In subsequent years the effectiveness of the drug was reported in a number of other diseases. However, the “thalidomide tragedy” with its teratogenicity is still holding back the widespread use of the drug. The bad experience of thalidomide should be a painful lesson for the pharmaceutical industry, but unfortunately, the story can be repeated, that is exemplified by the obesity drug scandal this year.

Thoughts about dropping out of studies as warning sign for suicidal ideation and mental health problems in male university students

Despite increasing rates for suicidal ideation in university students, male students remain reluctant in reporting such thoughts. It is thus paramount to establish more easily detectable risk factors for male students. The present study examines study dropout thoughts as potential low-treshold risk factor as well as gender-differences in established risk patterns. A total of N = 4894 German university students (24.6% men) completed a cross-sectional online survey on their mental health at the University of Cologne. In addition to sociodemographic and questions related to university studies (e.g., dropping out of studies), the Patient Health Questionnaire D (PHQ-D) was used to assess psychological syndromes (any psychological syndrome, depressive syndrome, alcohol syndrome), life stressors and suicidal ideation. Study dropout thoughts were more prevalent among male students, while being associated with increased suicidal ideation for both genders assessed. For all outcomes, significant gender-differences were observed with financial stress and a recent bad experience being risk factors for suicidal ideation in men but not women. Relationship problems, problems at work and current psychotherapy use were positively associated with suicidal ideation in women but not in men. Thus, study dropout thoughts were associated with suicidal ideation in university students and there were male-specific risk patterns for suicidal ideation and associated mental health problems. Consequently, male university students reporting study dropout thoughts or financial stress should be screened for suicidality and mental health problems. Future prevention measures in the University context should consider study dropout thoughts and male-specific risk-patterns to increase the chances to detect male student’s suicidality and to improve the effectiveness of suicide prevention programs for men.

KUALITAS PELAYANAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MINAT BELI KONSUMEN DI INDOMARET JAHARUN A GALANG

Service quality is one of the important determinants to maintain a company's businessperformance. Quality service can make customers satisfied which is very beneficial for thecompany. One of the companies that need to provide quality services is Indomaret. Serviceproblems at Indomaret occur because of the bad experience of consumers which causes customersto be disappointed. Companies need to improve their service performance to close the gaps thatoccur so that this problem does not have a bad impact on business performance. In order toprovide quality services, companies need to know the current quality measures and performancepriorities for improvement to increase customer satisfaction. Therefore, this research method usesinterview techniques with consumers in Indomaret as research informants. The results showed asignificant and positive effect of perceived service quality on various satisfaction and repurchaseintentions, the perceived value had a significant and positive effect on increasing consumer buyinginterest in Indomaret.Keywords: Service Quality, Purchase Interest, Consumer