Bactericidal Activity Of Blood Serum Research Articles

Influence of the probiotic preparation immunofloor on the immune status of broiler chickens

In conditions of intensification of the livestock industry, to combat infectious pathology, antimicrobial drugs are most often, and in some cases haphazardly, used, which accumulate in raw materials and food products and contribute to environmental pollution. Antibiotics have a detrimental and pathogenic effect on the normal microflora of the gastrointestinal tract of animals and poultry. Against this background, dysbiosis is observed, leading to metabolic disorders, decreased digestibility of essential feed nutrients, and the development of immunological deficiency. One of the leading areas of agricultural science and practice is developing and introducing drugs and feed additives that are an alternative to antibiotics into livestock farming. Probiotics have a unique role in solving this problem. Probiotic preparations ’ therapeutic and prophylactic properties are based on maintaining normal flora at a physiologically necessary level, reducing diarrhea in animals, and improving digestion processes. Probiotics have thefunctions of improving metabolic processes, immunostimulating activity, adaptogenic effects, increasing all types of productivity offarm animals and poultry, and improving the quality of livestock products. Introducing probiotic preparations into poultry and livestockfarming requiresfurther study of their biological properties and immunostimulating activity. The influence of the probiotic drug Immunoflor on the state of natural resistance factors in poultry was studied. Four groups of day-old broiler chickens of the Arbor Acres cross were formed: a control group and three experimental groups. In addition to the main diet, the birds of the experimental groups received Immunoflor in amounts of 0.5, 0.7, and 1.0 kg/t of feed. It was established that the inclusion of aprobiotic drug in the diet of broilers contributed to the strengthening of humoral factors of natural resistance due to an increase in the lysozyme and bactericidal activity of blood serum by 10.5 - 17.2 and 8.5 - 12.1% by the end of cultivation. The phagocytic properties of chicken blood leukocytes have also improved. Under the influence of Immunoflor, an increase in the mass of immunocompetent organs was observed in 42-day-old broiler chickens. The maximum indicators of poultry population safety were established in the experimental groups.

Indicators of the general resistance of breeding bulls depending on age, origin and breed

Humoral factors such as bactericidal and lysozyme activity are the most significant for the body's resistance. The purpose of the research was to study the nonspecific resistance of sires depending on age, place of adaptation before entering the Russian Federation, origin and breed. The work was carried out at JSC “Head Reproduction Center” (JSC “GCV”) on animals aged from 2 to 9 years in the amount of 34 heads. Such indicators as the percentage of lysis, the amount of lysozyme (mcg) in 1 ml of blood serum, specific units of activity (u.a.) calculated per 1 mg of protein and the bactericidal activity of blood serum as a percentage were studied. Lysozyme (LASK) and bactericidal activity (BASK) were studied using a Multiskan FC microbiological analyzer (Finland). Thus, it has been established that the general resistance of sires depends on age and has significant differences between animals of different age groups. At the age of 2-3 years there is no reliability. Significant differences between bulls according to the parameters we studied begin from 5 years of age at P <0.05 in the concentration of total protein and lysozyme and specific units. A. squirrel. Age range had no effect on BAS. More noticeable significant differences were recorded in animals (of contrasting age periods) in terms of general resistance and had significant differences at the level of P≤0.01 in the percentage of lysis, in the amount of lysozyme in the blood serum (P≤0.001), and specific units of activity (P≤0.001). It was found that sires coming from different regions of Europe (the Netherlands and Germany + Luxembourg) in the same age range do not have significant differences among themselves in the overall resistance of the parameters we studied (BASK and LASK) under the conditions of their operation in the Moscow region RF.

НЕКОТОРЫЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ НЕСПЕЦИФИЧЕСКОГО ИММУНИТЕТА ЛЕЩА САРАТОВСКОГО ВОДОХРАНИЛИЩА

The study of some parameters of nonspecific humoral and cellular immunity in sexually mature bream of the Saratov Reservoir was carried out. The fish were caught by bottom trawl in September 2019 during a complex hydrobiological expedition aboard the R/V “Akademik Topchiev” organized by the Papanin Institute for Biology of Inland Waters, Russian Academy of Sciences. Trawling operations were performedt at three standard stations: 1 – Shiroky Buerak, 2 – Khvalynsk, 3 – Kashpir Rudnik. The first two stations were located in the lower reaches of the reservoir and the third one was in the central part. Fish blood was sampled from the tail vein to obtain serum and prepare smears for phagocytic activity of neutrophils. After autopsy, pieces of immunocompetent organs (kidney, spleen and liver) were also taken from the fish in dry sterile tubes. The level of antimicrobial properties and C-reactive protein of blood serum, nonspecific immune complexes in kidney, spleen and liver tissues were studied, the proportion of immunodeficient individuals and phagocytic activity of neutrophils were determined. The study established quantitative indicators of humoral and cellular immunity of bream of the Saratov Reservoir. The comparative analysis showed significant differences in antimicrobial properties of blood serum and the content of non-enzymatic cationic protein in lysosomes of neutrophils of peripheral blood in bream from the central part and the lower reaches of the reservoir. Fish caught in the central part of the reservoir were characterized by high level of bactericidal activity of blood serum and low level of phagocytic activity of neutrophils. The majority of the studied individuals had a positive level of C-reactive protein and unreliable differences in the content of IR in tissues and organs. The revealed differences are probably caused by the impact of different environmental factors on the bream organism.

Natural resistance and immunological response of young Volyn meat breed to the action of probiotics

To investigate the response of natural resistance and immunological reactions of newborn young animals of the Volyn beef breed to the use of probiotic preparations. To conduct experimental research, three groups were formed from young Volyn meat breeds: the control group was fed only on mother's milk, the first group received a probiotic preparation with Bacillus Subtilis strain in addition to cow's milk, the second experimental group –– Lactobacillus spp. The activity of natural resistance and the body's immune response were studied on the 5th, 10th, and 30th day of the experiment. The level of nonspecific natural resistance was determined by indicators of bactericidal, lysozyme, phagocytic, and complementary activity of blood serum, and the immunological response was determined by the concentration of immunoglobulins of classes G, M, and A in the blood. It was established that starting from the 5th day of life, a difference in the nonspecific resistance of control and experimental animals was noted groups In separate age periods, probiotic supplements had a different degree of influence on the natural resistance of young animals. The greatest difference in the direction of growth in such indicators of non-specific resistance as bactericidal and complementary activity of blood serum was noted under the influence of the probiotic supplement Bacillus Subtilis (I experimental group), and indicators of lysozyme and phagocytic activity of blood serum were greater under the action of Lactobacillus spp. (II experimental group). The difference between indicators of bactericidal activity of blood under the action of Lactobacillus spp. in comparison with the control was at the age of 30 days (16.85 %, Р<0.01), and under the action of Bacillus Subtilis –– at the age of 60 days (25.49 %, Р<0.001). The level of phagocytic and complementary blood activity was the highest at the age of 60 days in the I experimental group –– by 17.17 % (Р<0.001) and 32.57 % (Р<0.001), in the II experimental group –– by 23.20 % (Р <0.001) and 36.34 % (Р<0.001), respectively. Regarding the concentration of immunoglobulins, the largest changes in their indicators were noted in the group that received Lactobacillus spp. Addition of probiotic strains of bacteria to the diet of young animals has a positive effect on the natural resistance and immune response of the body, which in the future will contribute to reducing the level of morbidity in young animals. Key words: calves, probiotics, bacterial strains, microorganisms, immunoglobulins, non-specific resistance of the organism, T-lymphocytes, phagocytic activity, bactericidal activity of blood serum.

The effectiveness of feeding choline in a "protected" form in the post-dairy period of calf rearing

The physiological and productive effect of the developed "protected" form of choline in calves' diets after removing them from milk drinking was studied. Heifers analogs by breed, live weight at the age of three months were divided into 2 groups (n = 10), and received rations by group loose housing system. The animals of the experimental group were daily given minigranules of "protected" choline at the rate of 50 mg/ kg of live weight of the active substance mixed with feed for 90 days, with the study of the aftereffect. For 90 days of feeding the supplement, the additional increase in live weight of animals in the control group was 67.1±0.5 kg, in the experimental group – 77.5±1.2 kg, with an average daily increase in live weight of 745.5±0.01g versus 861.1±0.40 g (p ≤0.05), for 30 days of aftereffect, respectively, 733.3±0.03g versus 836.7±0.09 g. The acceleration of the growth of heifers is interconnected with the improvement of the direction of metabolic processes in their body due to the use of an additive. In the blood serum taken at the end of the experiment, there was noted a higher level of total protein – by 6.3 % (p <0.05); albumins by 8.0 % (p <0.05); creatine – by 7.4 % (p <0.05); glucose (by 21.2 %) (p <0.05); triglycerides by 28.0 % (p < 0.05); cholesterol by 10.2 % (p < 0.05); alkaline phosphatase by 7.6 %, at lower urea levels, by 22.8 % (p < 0.05), and bilirubin by 23.8 % (p < 0.05). According to hematological indicators, higher levels of erythrocyte formation were revealed – by 8.0 % (p<0.05); hemoglobin by 5.2 %; hematocrit index (by 19.5 %), with a lower (by 13.4 %) white blood cell level. A positive effect on the immune status of the organism of growing animals was also found, with a positive difference in the bactericidal activity of blood serum by 4.1 %, a higher level of lysozyme (by 50.0 %) (p≤0.05), phagocytic activity by 1.0 absolute%, phagocytic index by 14.5 %, phagocytic number by 17.5 %. The data obtained prove the relevance of giving choline in “protected” form to growing ruminants.

Использование нового вида кормового ресурса в рационах кур родительского стада кросса «Хайсекс коричневый»

Purpose. The study of the productive traits of chickens when fed sunflower polysaccharide extract (hereinafter referred to as SPE), which can activate protein and carbohydrate metabolism, stimulate the body's natural defense factors. Materials and Мethods. The studies were carried out in a certified laboratory using classical and modern zootechnical, biochemical and other methods. Laboratory hematological studies were carried out on automatic biochemical analyzers URIT-800Vet and URIT-3020 (China) in the complex analytical laboratory of VRIMMP (Volgograd, Russia). The obtained results were processed using the software, calculation of the mean (M), standard errors of the mean (±SEM) and determination of the Student-Fisher test for the significance of the difference. Results. In I-III experimental groups, an increase in the yield of hatching eggs was recorded, respectively, by 88, 239 and 149 pcs. relative to the control, the intensity of egg production of hens – by 0.65; 1.35 and 0.77%, feed conversion per unit of egg mass – by 0.03; 0.07 and 0.05 kg. There has been a steady trend towards an increase in the mass of eggs in the experimental groups by 0.27 (0.43%); 0.81 (1.29%) and 0.63 g (1.01%), the acid number of the yolk decreased by 8.01 relative to the control; 9.42 (P≤0.05) and 10.29% (P≤0.05), which suggests the presence of antioxidant properties of PPE. The use of the studied additive had a positive effect on the morphological composition of the blood of laying hens of the experimental groups: the content of erythrocytes increased by 15.41 (P≤0.05), 17.47 (P≤0.05) and 17.81% (P≤0, 05), hematocrit – by 5.57 (P≤0.05); 10.22 (P≤0.01) and 11.15% (P≤0.01), hemoglobin – by 6.25 (P≤0.05), 8.67 (P≤0.05) and 9.19 % (P≤0.05) against the background of the control. In laying hens of the experimental groups, an increase in AST activity by 4.86 was recorded; 15.89 and 10.79 u/l, with a decrease in ALT activity by 0.70; 1.37 and 1.25 u/l. A significant increase in glucose in the blood serum of laying hens of the experimental groups was recorded in comparison with the control group by 15.26 (P≤0.05); 23.66 (P≤0.01) and 25.51% (P≤0.01), lactic acid level and glycogen content respectively by 15.26 (P≤0.05); 25.06 (P≤0.01); 25.51% (P≤0.01) and 2.19 (P≤0.05); 3.77 (P≤0.01) and 3.86% (P≤0.01). The bactericidal activity of blood serum of chickens of I-III experimental groups exceeded the control group by 5.02 (P≤0.05); 5.51 (P≤0.05) and 5.70% (P≤0.05 ), lysozyme activity – by 12.31 (P≤0.05); 15.89 (P≤0.01) and 16.36% (P≤0.01), phagocytic activity of leukocytes – by 3.06 (P≤0.05); 4.63 (P≤0.01) and 4.79% (P≤0.01), respectively. Conclusion. The results obtained confirm the activation of metabolic processes in the body of chickens of all experimental groups, under the influence of PPE, however, the studied additive at a dosage of 5.0% in the diet structure had the greatest efficiency in the production of hatching eggs.

Humoral indicators of resistance of broiler chickens when combining plant extract and probiotic

The article presents an analysis of the effectiveness of the immunostimulating effect of Echinacea purpurea extract and probiotic «Subtilis-C». The experimental part was carried out in two scientific and production experiments, in poultry houses with floor maintenance, on four similar groups of broiler chickens of the Cobb cross-500 with 100 heads each. To select an effective dose of Echinacea purpurea extract, the first scientific and production experience was conducted. The most optimal dose of Echinacea purpurea extract identified in the first scientific and production experiment was 5.5 mg/ kg of body weight. To evaluate the effectiveness of combining a plant extract with a probiotic, a second research and production experiment was conducted. Bactericidal and lysozyme activity in the blood serum of chickens. The paper provides data on the nature of the change in the level of the studied indicators in response to the introduction of Echinacea purpurea extract and probiotic «Subtilis-C» into the diet, the optimal dose and mode of combined administration of the studied preparations into the diet, composing the following scheme: Echinacea purpurea extract at a dose of 5.5 mg/kg body weight + «Subtilis-C» at a dose, pre-starter and starter feed (from birth to the age of one month) – 0.3 kg/ton, in finisher (from the age of one month to slaughter) – 0.15 kg/ton. In the established scheme, the plant preparation and probiotic effectively complement each other, which is significantly manifested by an increase in lysozyme activity of blood serum by 17.85%, and bactericidal activity of blood serum by 18.11%. It is noted that the established regime for the use of the studied evaporates contributes to improving the safety of livestock and the realization of the biological potential of meat productivity in broiler chickens.

Механизмы экологичного восстановления иммунной защиты Oreochromis niloticus прополисом с сенсибилизаторами на фоне развития кандидамикозов

In the last decade, with aquarium maintenance, pathogenic Candida albicans species are isolated from fish, causing up to 95-100% mortality. This paper describes the mechanisms of natural immune protection of Oreochromis niloticus, against the background of the development of candidiasis of the digestive tube under the influence of an environmentally friendly biologically active beekeeping product (BAPP) – propolis in combination with sensitizers. It was found that the use of propolis (group 3), propolis in combination with methylene blue (group 4), proflavin acetate (group 5), zinc phthalocyanine (group 6) contributed to an increase in lysozyme activity of blood serum, compared with the data of fish of group 2 (patients, untreated) by a maximum of 14.3; 19.13; 5.69 and 5.43 times, the bactericidal activity of blood serum – 4.1; 4.78; 2.27 and 2.25 times. This indicates the high efficiency, environmental friendliness of the use of propolis in combination with methylene blue for the prevention and therapy of developed candidiasis. Keywords: CANDIDAMYCOSIS, DIGESTIVE TRACT, CANDIDA ALBICANS, OREOCHROMIS NILOTICUS, PROPOLIS, LYSOZYME AND BACTERICIDAL ACTIVITY OF BLOOD SERUM

EFFECT OF VITAMIN D3 ON HEMATOLOGIC INDICES AND RESISTANCE OF LAYING HENS

The content of vitamin D3 in standard fodder for laying hens varies within 2,5-3,500 IU / kg. It is known that vitamin D is involved in bone metabolism and regulates calcium homeostasis in the body. Experiment was carried out in three groups of laying hens of the crossbreed Hayesks brown, which for 30 days fed fodder, the content of vitamin D3 in which was respectively 2,5; 5,0 and 10,0 thousand IU / kg. An increase in the content of vitamin D3 from 2.5 to 10.0 thousand IU / kg increased the concentration of 25-OH D3 in blood plasma by half (from 15.10 to 27.25 ng / ml). The dose of 5.0 ths. IU / kg did not affect the concentration of 25-OH D3 (16.56 ng / ml). Increased vitamin D in the diet increased the number of red blood cell and, consequently, hemoglobin concentration in the blood (p <0.05) and decreased the number of white blood cell (p <0.05-0.01). In the blood of chickens that received high levels of vitamin D in the diet, more monocytes and neutrophils were detected. Particularly significant effects were observed for monocytes, the proportion of which in the blood of laying hens in group 2 increased by 1.2; and in laying hens of the third group - 1.6 times (p <0.01), compared to the laying hens of the 1st group. With an increase in the amount of vitamin D3 in the diet of leucocytes, the proportion of lymphocytes decreased, the content of which in laying hens of 1-, 2- and 3rd groups was 58.95, respectively; 54.57 and 48.26%. Under the influence of feeding 10.0 thousand IU / kg of vitamin D3 in the blood of hens, the phagocytic activity increased (p <0.05), which is consistent with the increase in the number of monocytes and neutrophils. The bactericidal activity of blood serum of laying hens of groups 2 and 3 (5.0 and 10.0 ths. IU / kg D3) was 20% higher (p <0.05) than in laying hens of group 1 (2, 5 thousand IU / kg D3). Thus, an increase in the diet of laying hens in vitamin D3 increases the innate imunity and does not stimulate a specific link.

Влияние иммобилизованной формы пробиотического препарата «Экофлор» на показатели неспецифического гуморального иммунитета осетровых рыб

Currently, due to the intensive development of aquaculture, interest in the study of the immune system and im-mune response in fish has increased. When growing fish in aquaculture, the conditions of their maintenance should contribute to maintaining the optimal activity of innate immunity. It has been established that the immunity of fish is more dependent on external influences, and environmental conditions are active regulators of fish immunoreactivity. Currently, various probiotic preparations with the ability to correct microbiological and immune parameters due to the action of symbiotic microorgasms have been widely used in aquaculture to increase and regulate the immune homeostasis of fish. Information is presented on the conduct of experimental studies to assess the effect of the probiotic drug “Ecoflor”, immobilized on enterosorbent, on the level of bactericidal activity of blood serum, the number of immunodeficient individuals, the content of nonspecific immune complexes in blood serum and immunocompetent organs, as well as on the level of C-reactive protein of sterlet yearlings (Acipenser ruthenus Linnaeus, 1758). It is noted that the use of a probiotic drug in an experi-mental dosage of 6 g/kg of compound feed has an effect on the indicators of nonspecific humoral immunity. Thus, sterlet grown on compound feeds with the specified rate of drug administration is characterized by an increased level of bactericidal activity of blood serum – 98% and the absence of immunodeficiency – 0%. In addition, this dosage helps to reduce the concentration of nonspecific immune complexes in the blood serum to 2.25 ± 1.65 and immunocompetent organs of sterlet yearlings: in the liver and spleen to 0.06 ± 0.02 and 0.30 ± 0.30, respectively. The results of the analysis of the level of C-reactive protein indicate that this drug does not cause inflammatory reactions in the body of fish.

Biochemical parameters and blood bactericidal activity of young Tsigai sheep

The results of the study of blood serum biochemistry and bactericidal activity of the herd replacements sheep of the Tsigai breed, grown in the Prisivash lowland of the Crimean Peninsula are presented. Blood samples were processed in certified laboratories of the organizations of the Republic of Crimea in 2020-2022. Blood serum parameters were determined on the basis of 12 samples of rams and 12 samples of gimmers. A Vitalab Flexor E photometric analyzer was used to process biochemical parameters, a Multiskan thermostatically controlled device was used to process bactericidal activity of blood serum. The animals showed normal creatinine and urea levels: 87.5 ± 0.7 and 6.6 ± 0.2 mmol/l in rams, respectively, and 85.5 ± 1.2 and 6.4 ± 0.4 mmol/l in gimmers. The reduced glucose level (1.6 ± 0.1...1.7 ± 0.1 mmol/l) in the blood serum of young animals is probably related to active exercise in hot weather. The observed amount of transamination enzymes caused an increase in the Ritis coefficient in rams up to 2.5 units, in gimmers up to 3.8 units, which indicates the load on the heart muscle of the animals during long walks in the heat. Potassium content near the lower normal limits (4.3 ± 0.01...4.7 ± 0.1 mmol/l) and slightly reduced phosphorus level (1.3 ± 0.01...1.2 ± 0.01 mmol/l) indicate the need for additional supplementation of growing young animals with mineral premixes in summer period. Average BSBA values increased in gimmers, significantly exceeding this index in comparison with rams by 45.826.6 abs.% (p ≤ 0.001). In rams, the highest BSBA values were observed for S. aureus at 10 hours of exposure (36.82 ± 2.19%), while the growth of E. coli was suppressed to 7.23 ± 1.34%, which is, among other things, the factor provoking digestive problems. In the gimmers, a satisfactory skin condition was recorded due to the high level of BSBA against S. aureus (up to 35.30 ± 2.64% at 10 hours of exposure).

The influence of feed additive “Sylimevit” on indicators of the immune system of piglets at weaning

In the development of adaptive reactions during weaning, biological mechanisms are involved with the complete mobilization of the functional reserve, an increase in the level of catecholamines, corticosteroids, and mediators, which is accompanied by a violation of the nitrogen balance in the body, enzymopathy, and endotoxemia—the work aimed to investigate humoral and non-specific immunity indicators in piglets after weaning. Experiments were conducted based on the Ltd “KOSHET” of the Mukachiv district of the Zakarpattia region. Two groups of piglets were formed – control and experimental in the number of 10 individuals in each group, selected according to the principle of analogs – age, breed, and body weight. Weaning piglets from sows at 28 days suppress the humoral link of natural resistance. A decrease in lysocin and bactericidal activity of blood serum was established at 40.56 ± 1.75 and 21.22 ± 1.05 %. The content of circulating immune complexes in the blood of piglets of the control group remained high after weaning. Along with a decrease in the activity of the humoral link of immunity in weaned piglets, suppression of the non-specific link of the immune system was established, manifested by a decrease in phagocytic activity and a decrease in the number of phagocytes. Feeding the feed supplement “Sylimevit” to the piglets of the research group helped to strengthen the immune status of the piglets' bodies. In piglets of the research group on the 35th day of life, when feeding the feed additive “Sylimevit”, an increase in the phagocytic activity of neutrophils by 4.26 % was established. Similar differences were obtained regarding the effect of the Butaselmevit-plus feed additive on the phagocytic number and the phagocytic index, in particular, in piglets of the experimental group on the 35th day of the experiment; they were 7.63 and 11.1 % higher than in control. These research results confirm the effectiveness of using milk thistle, methifen, selenium, and vitamins as part of the feed supplement “Sylimevit” for piglets before and after weaning to activate the protective systems of their body.

Influence of liposomal thiosulfonate drug on the blood parameters of cows suffering catarrhal mastitis

Diseases of the mammary gland in cows are of multi-factor nature, which significantly complicates their control and treatment. One of the factors influencing development of mastitis is bacterial microflora. Because of limited use of antibiotics, development of novel alternative antmicrobial drugs is of great relevance. Therefore, the objective of the study was identifying the effect of an ethyl-thiosulfanilate-based liposomal drug on the hematological and biochemical parameters of blood of the cows suffering catarrhal mastitis. The animals were three times intramuscularly injected with the liposomal drug in the dose of 0.04 mL/kg of body weight. Blood from the cows was taken from the jugular vein on the day prior to administration of the drug, and also on the 3rd and 7th days after its application. During the bacterial study of the secretion of udder of sick cows, we collected 51 bacterial isolates, in which dominated Staphylococcus aureus (27.5%) and Streptococcus spp. (21.6%). In blood of the sick cows, we found higher number of leukocytes, increases in the concentrations of circulating immune complexes, lipid hydroperoxides, and ketone derivatives of oxidative modification of proteins. At the same time, we observed decreases in the number of lymphocytes and concentration of protein and the bactericidal activity of blood serum. Administration of the complex liposomal drug had a normalizing effect on the analyzed parameters of the cows. This was evidenced by 9.4% decrease in the total number of leukocytes, 18.5% decrease in the content of circulating immune complexes, 9.3% increase in lymphocytes, and 13.6% increase in the level of total protein. In the sick cows, the drug enhanced the bactericidal (by 35.4%) and lysozymic (by 36.3%) activities of blood serum, glutathione peroxidase activity, and increased the content of reduced glutathione. On the seventh day after injecting the drug into blood of the cows, we saw decrease in the level of intermediate and end products of lipid peroxidation and derivatives of oxidative modification of proteins. Therefore, the complex ethyl-thiosulfanilate-based liposomal drug promoted reduction of metabolic homeostasis of the organism, had positive effect on the activity of natural defense mechanisms in the organism and can be recommended for the treatment of cows with catarrhal mastitis.

Влияние снижения относительной влажности воздуха в период выращивания бройлеров на показатели иммунитета и продуктивности

Abstract. An unsatisfactory microclimate in poultry premises contributes to damage in the form of a decrease in the average daily gain of broilers by 10 %. Purpose of research is to study the effect of relative humidity at the same temperature regime on the immunity and productivity of broilers of the Ross-308. Research methods. The experiment was carried out on broiler chickens of the cross Ross-308 up to 35 days of age. In group II, period 0–1 days of growing broilers, the relative humidity indicators were less than the lower limit of the norm by 10 %, in periods 5–7, 11–16, 20–22 and 26–35 days, the relative humidity indicators were less than the lower limit of the norm by 5 %. In group I, all indicators were recommended as recommended. The bactericidal activity of blood serum was determined by the method of I. M. Karput, lysozyme activity was determined by the nephelometric method according to V. G. Dorofeychuk. Results. As a result of the study, it was found that a decrease in the change in relative air humidity had a negative effect on immunity: the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum decreased. So, on the 21st day, the indicator of bactericidal activity of blood serum of broiler chickens in group II was lower by 14.2 % (P ≤ 0.05) compared to group I. At 3 weeks of age, the lysozyme activity of the blood serum of chickens of group II was lower by 14.3 % (P ≤ 0.05) compared to the control group. The productivity of birds also decreased to 13.70 % in relation to the control. Scientific novelty. For the first time, we have shown that a decrease in the indicators of relative air humidity at the content of Ross-308 cross broilers during the period of 0–1 days of cultivation by 10 % relative to the lower limit of the norm, during the periods of 5–7, 11–16, 20–22 and 26–35 days – by 5 %, subject to the recommended temperature parameters, has a negative effect on immunity.

Comparative Pharmacotherapeutic effectiveness of Therapeutic Ointments in infectious Keratoconjunctivitis in cattle

The analysis of the presented data shows that keratoconjunctivitis is quite often registered in cattle. Therefore, new medicinal substances have been developed for its treatment, namely, a polycomponent ointment and a phyto-ointment from local plant raw materials. As a result of the conducted research, reliable data were obtained indicating the beneficial effect of the developed ointments on individual biochemical blood parameters in sick animals. Studies have established that the complex application of the developed ointments contributes to the bio-correction and bio-normalization of metabolic processes in the body of sick animals, which is expressed by a significant increase in the quantitative values of hematological parameters, total protein and its fractional composition, β-lysine, lysozyme, lactoferrin, and bactericidal activity of blood serum. In the course of treatment, the greatest therapeutic effectiveness was established in the 3rd experimental group of animals, which used a combined treatment regimen with the alternating use of multicomponent ointment the Kazakh Scientific Research Veterinary Institute LLP (KazSRVI) and phyto-ointment KerKon. After applying the combined scheme, 33.3% of animals recovered by the 10th day from the start of treatment, and the full recovery of the majority of sick animals occurred within 11-16 days (66.7%). The obtained results of the research and production experiment showed that the most acceptable method was the use of a combined treatment regimen for sick animals, where the absolute effectiveness was 100%, compared to 80% in the control group.

ВЛИЯНИЕ АНТИОКСИДАНТОВ НА ЕСТЕСТВЕННУЮ РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТЬ И ГИСТОЛОГИЧЕСКУЮ СТРУКТУТУ ПЕЧЕНИ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ

In our work, we studied the effect of antioxidants on the natural resistance of broiler chickens, as well as their effect on the histostructure of the liver. Studies have shown that hypoxene and heptran increase the bactericidal activity of blood serum and phagocytic activity of pseudoeosinophils. In addition, the studied drugs had a positive effect on the restoration of the structure of liver cells. At the end of the experimental period after poultry slaughter, there were no signs of fatty liver degeneration in chickens of the experimental groups, which indicates the hepatoprotective effect of hypoxene and heptran.

ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ДВУХ ПОКАЗАТЕЛЕЙ НЕСПЕЦИФИЧЕСКОГО ИММУНИТЕТА КРОВИ ТРЕХПОМЕСНЫХ БОРОВКОВ

The intensification of pig breeding, which is based on the selection of modern breeds of pigs “for meat” leads to the tension of almost all functional systems of the body and is often the cause of increased susceptibility to adverse environmental conditions and reduced resistance to diseases. Hence, the study of ways to increase the nonspecific immunity of pigs using specialized meat breeds of domestic and foreign origin is quite relevant and allows us to characterize the physiological state of the animal organism in the process of adaptation to certain environmental factors. Statistical processing of indicators of nonspecific resistance in MS Excel and biochemical blood parameters of hybrids of pigs of the following breeds: Large White × Landrace × Duroc (LW×L×D) aged 100‒130 days was carried out in order to study the immune status of piglets of the studied age, in accordance with biochemical indicators. It was found that the lysozyme activity of animals was at a fairly high level and averaged 49.32% against the average “physiological” indicator of 35.29%. The bactericidal activity of blood serum in most animals is low 24.39% against the average “physiological” index of 56.12%. A strong correlation between bactericidal and lysozyme activity has been established.

ПРОТЕИН МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКОГО СИНТЕЗА В КОРМЛЕНИИ СВИНЕЙ И ЕГО ВЛИЯНИЕ НА РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТЬ ОРГАНИЗМА

The article considers the possibility of using protein supplements obtained by microbiological synthesis in the nutrition of pigs instead of traditional protein supplements. According to the principle of analogues, two groups of pigs were formed after weaning. Pigs of the control group received full-fledged compound feed, the experimental group received a grain mixture with the inclusion of 10% high-protein concentrate. The introduction of a protein feed additive obtained by microbiological synthesis into the diet of pigs had a positive effect on the metabolism, resistance, safety and productivity of experimental animals. In the blood of pigs of the experimental group, the content of lysis and lysozyme was 13.6% and 18.8% higher than in the control group. The bactericidal activity of blood serum in the experimental group was 19.5% higher than in the control. When assessing the effect of feed products and biologically active substances on the body, special importance is attached to the formation of nonspecific resistance of the body. The number of hemolytic microorganisms in the intestinal contents of pigs of the experimental group is an order of magnitude lower than in the control. The ratio of lactose-positive representatives of the Escherichia coli group responsible for the fermentation of carbohydrates, in particular, lactose, was significantly higher (by more than 2.73 times) in the experimental group that received a high-protein concentrate to the main diet. The inclusion in the diet of young pigs, consisting of grain components with the inclusion of 10% high-protein concentrate, had a positive effect on the growth rate of pigs and allowed to increase the average daily gain in live weight by 19.0%. The safety of young animals in the control group was 93%, in the experimental group 100%.

Interaction of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus with the biofilm-forming Aeromonas hydrophila.

The resistance of susceptible fish populations and the adaptive potential of heterogeneous biofilms, which cause multiple antibacterial resistance and long-term persistence of microorganisms, mediate the development and outcome of the infectious process. The study of the fish immunological parameters in interaction with biofilm-forming bacteria is of practical importance for assessing the stability of the homeostasis of the fish. This study aimed to determine the immunobiological parameters of Cyprinus carpio Linnaeus when interacting with biofilm-forming bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. Clinically healthy fish C. carpio L. (Linnaeus, 1758) of both sexes, aged 4 years, and weighing 1.0-1.5 kg (n = 10), were used in this study. The fish were taken from the pond of the VNIIR experimental base in the period of 2020-2022. The standard method was employed to determine the phagocytic activity of blood cells, the total redox activity of neutrophils, and the bactericidal activity of blood serum. After 24-48 h of cultivation in nutrient broth, the implementation of the processes of intercellular communication of bacteria had common patterns of formation of the heterogeneous structure of biofilms. Moreover, analyzing the optical density indices (density, D), it was observed that A. hydrophila was a strong producer of biofilms, as the optical density of the sample (density of sample, Ds) exceeded the optical density of the control (density of control, Dc) by more than 4 times (D = 0.464 ± 0.07). The ratio of the average number of microorganisms attached to the surface of one erythrocyte (average adhesion index) and the percentage (%) of erythrocytes having bacteria on their surface (adhesion coefficient [AC]) was 14.05 ± 0.72, and the adhesion index, AI was ≥4.00, indicating A. hydrophila to be highly adhesive. In addition, the AC of erythrocytes having bacteria on the surface was 14.05% ± 0.72%. A direct correlation was established (R2 = 0.94) between the AC (14.05% ± 0.11%-13.29% ± 0.08%) and the phagocytic index (11.3% ± 0.29%-32.0% ± 0.8%). The indicators of spontaneous nitro blue tetrazolium were 103.20 ± 11.70 when estimating the total redox activity of neutrophils. The optical density increased to 182.10 ± 21.12 with the addition of 20.0 mL of A. hydrophila bacteria (1 billion/mL) and the activity of neutrophils also increased. Among the markers of homeostasis stability, immunological indicators most fully reflect the mechanisms of initiation, development, and outcome of the infectious process mediated by the interaction of adhesive molecules of multicellular eukaryotes and adhesives of infectious disease pathogens. The research will contribute to further understanding the potential mechanism of quorum-sensing molecules and the search for new anti-adhesive drugs that reduce the formation of biofilms.

Dynamics of indicators of non-specific resistance in cows with genital Mycoplasmosis on the background of therapy with Tulathromycin

Modern livestock breeding technologies imply the maximum use of the productive potential of animals. Animal diseases of various etiologies are a significant obstacle to the fulfillment of this task, causing significant economic damage, consisting of a shortage of products, restrictions on its sale and treatment costs. One such disease is genital mycoplasmosis in cattle. The aim of our research was to study the effect of treatment of genital mycoplasmosis in cows with tulathromycin on some indicators of nonspecific resistance. Studies were carried out on two groups of pregnant cows, a group of animals with mycoplasmosis was treated with tulathromycin, healthy cows served as controls. In both groups of animals, the activity of lysozyme, bactericidal activity of blood serum, phagocytic activity and phagocytic index were determined. It has been established that the use of tulathromycin leads to the recovery of 75% of infected cows, and also leads to an increase in phagocytosis, which does not significantly differ from the level of healthy animals. To a lesser extent, the use of this drug in genital mycoplasmosis affects the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum.