Growth Of Bacterial Colonies Research Articles

Isolations andAntibacterial Tests of Aloe Vera Endophytic Bacteria (Aloe barbadensis miller) towards Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli

Research in the field of microbiology regarding the identification of endophytic bacteria in aloe vera is still rarely carried out while many people in East Nusa Tenggara often use aloe vera to cure diseases. The purpose of this study was to identify the endophytic bacteria Aloe barbadensis miller and to determine its antibacterial ability against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escsherichia coli bacteria. The research procedures included taking samples using purposive sampling method, isolating endophytic bacteria using streak plate method, testing the antibacterial potential against Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli using the paper disc diffusion method. The results showed that endophytic bacteria found on aloe vera leaves were marked by the growth of several bacterial colonies on Murashige-Skoog media with different shapes and colors, then the colonies were separated and 8 isolates were obtained with isolate codes C1B, C2B, C3B, C4B, C5B, C6B, C7B and C8B. The results of the antibacterial potency test showed that isolates C1B, C3B, C5B and C8B had the potential to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus characterized by the presence of a clear zone on the surface of the media with the largest size being 20 mm in isolate C1B and the smallest clear zone being 7 mm in isolate C8B, while isolate C1B, C3B, C5B and C8B have the potential to inhibit the growth of Eschericia coli bacteria characterized by the presence of a clear zone on the surface of the media with the largest size of 10 mm in isolate C1B and the smallest clear zone of 7 mm in isolate C8B. The conclusion of this study is that endophytic bacteria have been identified in aloe vera and some of these bacteria have antibacterial abilities against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria.

Topology and Local Geometry of the Eden Model

The Eden cell growth model is a simple discrete stochastic process which produces a “blob” (aggregation of cells) in mathbb {R}^d: start with one cube in the regular grid, and at each time step add a neighboring cube uniformly at random. This process has been used as a model for the growth of aggregations, tumors, and bacterial colonies and the healing of wounds, among other natural processes. Here, we study the topology and local geometry of the resulting structure, establishing asymptotic bounds for Betti numbers. Our main result is that the Betti numbers at time t grow at a rate between t^{(d-1)/d} and P_d(t), where P_d(t) is the size of the site perimeter. Assuming a widely believed conjecture, this establishes the rate of growth of the Betti numbers in every dimension. We also present the results of computational experiments on finer aspects of the geometry and topology, such as persistent homology and the distribution of shapes of holes.

Effect of tartary buckwheat sourdough fermented by different exogenous lactic acid bacteria on antifreeze property of frozen dough

In this study, tartary buckwheat combined with compound strains was fermented to make sourdough and applied to improve frozen dough. The results showed that the compound bacteria had a certain synergistic effect, and the bacterial colony growth in tartary buckwheat substrate was better than single bacteria, especially in LF+WC group, the lactic acid bacteria growth rate was the fastest, and a large amount of fructose (11.82 mmol/kg) and EPS (3.132 g/kg) were generated after 12 h fermentation. In addition, the binding water content of tartary buckwheat sourdough in LF+WC group decreased by 0.48%, content of non-flowing water and free water increased by 0.18% and 0.3%, respectively, the glutenin subunit degradation was less, α-helix and β-rotation content decreased by 0.43% and 2.34%, respectively, after 13 weeks of freezing. So that gluten can maintain a more uniform and regular network structure. Therefore, LF+WC tartary buckwheat sourdough has good antifreezing protection effect.

MODERN TRENDS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF ADHESIVE DENTISTRY. INNOVATIVE TECHNIQUES FOR THE APPLICATION OF ADHESIVE SYSTEMS.

The aim: To study the latest approaches to optimizing the composition and application protocols of modern adhesive systems, which are used during the restoration of defects in hard dental tissues with restorative materials. Materials and methods: Thirty articles published between January 1, 2020 and February 1, 2023 in the scientific databases PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were selected. The selected scientific works contained the results of laboratory studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses of the physical and mechanical characteristics of adhesive systems with a modified composition or application protocols different from the instructions of the manufacturing companies. Conclusions: The most promising directions for improving adhesive systems are modifications of the composition and protocols of their use with the aim of deactivating matrix metalloproteinases, improving the structure of the hybrid layer due to the creation of a three-dimensional mesh of collagen fibres with optimal properties, the introduction of antimicrobial agents to slow down the growth of bacterial colonies along the line of the adhesive joint. The available research results of modified adhesive systems are often contradictory, which determines the need to develop standardized test methods to obtain more reliable indicators of their physical, mechanical and biological properties. In some cases, the consequences of non-compliance with the recommendations of the manufacturing companies are a significant deterioration of the characteristics of the hybrid layer, adhesive strength, marginal fit, which, in turn, explains the need for further search for an optimized composition and techniques for applying bonding agents to improve the prognosis of restorative treatment.

Microbiological evaluation of the disinfection of the root canal system using different irrigation protocol – An interventional study

ABSTRACT Aim: The focus of the present research is to analyze the potential role of irrigants along with the activation system in the disinfection of the root canal space. Methods: Ninety root canals were randomly divided into two experimental groups based on the irrigants: Group I (n = 45) – Sodium hypochlorite irrigant and Group II (n = 45) –Chlorhexidine irrigant. The two groups are further subdivided into three subgroups base on the activation devices, i.e., passive ultrasonic irrigation, endoactivator, and laser. The first sample as a baseline, and the second sample was collected after the disinfection procedure. All the samples were streaked in brain − heart infusion agar plate to analyze the bacterial colony growth. The confirmatory analysis for the presence of Enterococcus faecalis was done using gram staining, biochemical analysis, and polymerase chain reaction. The nonparametric analysis was done using Kruskal–Wallis, Mann–Whitney U, and Wilcoxon signed-rank test and P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mean colony-forming unit was significantly reduced and there exhibited a statistically significant difference in pretreatment and posttreatment irrigated with sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine activated with passive ultrasonic activation with (P = 0.001), endoactivator with (P = 0.001), and laser with (P = 0.001). Conclusion: In consideration with advantage of the properties of both irrigants, the present study concludes a combined use with sodium hypochlorite during instrumentation followed by laser activation and a final rinse with chlorhexidine for a better eradication of the microbes from the root canal system thus preventing re-infection.

Ability Analysis Of Waste Milkfish (Chanos chanos) As Alternative Medium Of Nutrient Agar On Escherichia coli And Staphylococcus aureus Growth

Waste milkfish got a lot from the residual processed milkfish production of Sidoarjo. The intestines, liver, and kidneys of waste milkfish contain protein, carbohydrates, and fat. The abundant availabilities were usable as a bacterial growth medium, including Nutrient Agar. Nutrient Agar has a high price and is produced by many foreign companies that can trigger a hard availability in laboratories of domestic healthcare, especially in frontier, outermost, and underdeveloped areas. This research aims to analyze the ability of waste milkfish as an alternative medium for Nutrient Agar on the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. The ability has been observed by the characteristics and number of bacterial colonies. This research was held in the bacteriology laboratory of the Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Health Polytechnic of Surabaya health ministry. The research type was True-experimental with a post-test-only control group design. Based on the preliminary test results, the waste milkfish mass variations were found in 7 grams, 7.5 grams, 8 grams, 8.5 grams, and 9 grams. Bacteria have been inoculated by the spread plate method, bacterial colony growth has been calculated by the Total Plate Count method. The data were analyzed by the Kruskal-Wallis test with a Sig. value <0.05 that there were differences in the number of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus colonies in milkfish waste media with various mass. The results showed that the best ability of waste milkfish as an alternative medium for Nutrient Agar on bacterial growth was found in 9 grams mass variation. the average number of Escherichia coli colonies were 186 × 1013 CFU/mL and Staphylococcus aureus colonies were 188 × 1013 CFU/mL.

A Novel Biocidal Nanocomposite: Spherical Silica with Silver Ions Anchored at the Surface.

This article is devoted to a novel class of antimicrobial agents: nanocomposites composed of spherical silica and silver ions located at the silica's surface with the assumed distribution. Such materials are in high demand due to the increasing threat from bacterial strains that are becoming resistant to currently known antibiotics. In particular, we focus on materials that make it possible to limit the growth of bacterial colonies on a variety of tactile surfaces. In this paper, we present a method for preparing a silica-based nanocomposite containing silver ions and the analysis of their antimicrobial properties. Our research revealed that the presence of tested nanocomposite induces very high oxidative stress in the bacteria cell, damaging and modifying bacterial DNA, creating oxidized guanines, cytosines, or adenines, which causes its very rapid destruction, leading to cell death.

ISOLATION OF METHANOTROPHIC BACTERIA FROM NATURAL BIOCENOSES AND SELECTION OF NUTRIENT MEDIA OPTIMAL FOR CULTIVATION IN LABORATORY CONDITIONS

Background. One of the most pressing problems in the world is the production of food protein. The global protein deficit is estimated at 30 million tons per year, for the Russian Federation it is estimated at 2-2.5 million tons of protein per year.
 The problem of protein deficit can be partially solved with the help of methanotrophic bacteria. Under optimal conditions, methanotrophic bacteria are able to oxidise actively natural gas – methane and increase their biomass, rich in valuable protein, vitamins and other biologically active substances. The feed product from methanotrophic bacteria is comparable to fish meal and soybean meal, the concentration of pure protein in it is more than 80%.
 Purpose. Isolation of methanotrophic bacteria from natural biocenoses and their cultivation on various nutrient media in laboratory conditions.
 Materials and Methods. The study was conducted from 2019 to 2022 in the microbiological laboratory of the Center for Technological Excellence “Advanced Chemical and Biotechnology” of the Tolstoy Tula State Pedagogical University. The object of the study was methanotrophic bacteria isolated from various natural and artificial ecosystems, collection strains of Methylococcus capsulatus B-2990 and Methylomonas methanica B-2110. To isolate methanotrophic bacteria, the method of seeding a accumulative culture on a solid agiarized sterile nutrient medium in Petri dishes was used. For the cultivation of methanotrophs, nutrient media of various compositions containing all the necessary macro- and microelements for the normal growth of bacterial colonies were used.
 Results. Colonies of methanotrophic bacteria were found in one sample of bottom sediments taken from the sphagnum swamp of the village of Kochaki in the Tula region and in samples from a methane reactor. As a result of comparison of nutrient media for isolation and cultivation of methanotrophs, it was found that the most suitable medium for isolation of methanotrophic bacteria is the standard nitrate mineral medium NMS. For the cultivation of methanotrophic bacteria, the best media were: the nutrient medium with the addition of anaerobic sludge, the ammonium mineral nutrient medium (AMS), and AMS with addition of methanol, the nutrient medium No.221 with addition of methanol.
 Conclusions. The use of various nutrient media for the cultivation of methanotrophic bacteria makes it possible to assess the effect of various organic substances on the growth and development of bacterial colonies. The study of various natural and artificial ecosystems makes it possible to expand taxonomic knowledge about this group of microorganisms, as well as to increase the potential of using methanotrophs in solving various problems of ecology and biotechnology.

STUDY OF THE CELLULOLYTIC ACTIVITY OF A COLLECTION OF "FIELD" BACTERIAL CULTURES

Decomposition of organic substances is widespread in all types of soils and plays an important role in the carbon cycle. The decomposition of cellulose plays a special role, since cellulose is the most common polysaccharide in plant residues and can be used by new plants in the form of simpler compounds. At the same time, the rate of decomposition of plant residues in the soil takes a considerable time and largely depends on the type of soil and its microbial composition. The use of individual most active microorganisms in the composition of biological products can increase soil fertility, especially in those areas where the original composition of the microflora does not contribute to the active decomposition of plant residues. In this study, the cellulolytic activity of various strains of microorganisms isolated from the soil was studied and compared. The objects of the study were a collection of 56 strains. The study of cellulolytic activity was carried out on nutrient media containing a cellulose source using congo dye ed. The obtained results showed a different level of cellulolytic activity in the studied strains. In some cases, there was an increase in activity with a decrease in the number of bacterial cells. 18 of 56 strains demonstrated cellulose degradation only within the limits of bacterial colony growth. According to the results of the studies, 6 strains of microorganisms with the largest zone of cellulolytic activity, reaching a radius of 15 mm around the grown colony, were noted. Among the most active strains, only one was Gram-negative bacteria, while the rest were gram-positive microorganisms.

Effect of Combination Low Voltage Electricity and Meropenem to Kill Acinetobacter baumannii

Acinetobacter baumannii is a pathogen that have been causing nosocomial infections worldwide, especially in the hospital settings. In 2017, WHO released a priority pathogen list that is in need of new antibiotics, this included Carbapenem-resistent Acinetobacter baumannii. Physical agents are being scouted as alternatives in this post-antibiotic era. Low voltage electricity as a physical agent has been found to be effective to eradicate bacteria and biofilm. This study used a true experimental method, using Acinetobacter baumannii solution with four types of treatment. One only treated with 0.5ml meropenem solution (8 mg/L), one only with low voltage electricity (3 volts for 15 minutes), one with both meropenem and low voltage electricity treatment with the last one being the control. The result of this study was that meropenem alone is not enough to eradicate Acinetobacter baumannii. Instead, the bacterial colony growth of the ones that received the meropenem treatment surpassed the amount of bacterial colony that the control has with -7.19% eradication rate. The one that only received low voltage electricity has 99.76% eradication rate. The one that received both low voltage electricity and meropenem has 100% eradication rate. The conclusion of this study is that the synergy of meropenem and low voltage electricity is effective to eradicate Acinetobacter baumannii. The researchers suggestion for further research is to study more about the potential of low voltage electricity to increase the efficacy of antibiotics. The researcher also suggests for further research to use other types of antibiotics with different mechanism of actions.

Study of the antioxidant activity of plant extracts and their effect on the growth of lactic acid bacteria isolated from koumiss

This article describes the effect of plant extracts on the growth and reproduction of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Lactobacillus acidophilus 0015k-1 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus 018k-3, isolated from the traditional fermented milk drink, Koumiss. In this study, analyses were carried out on plant extracts of Rubus caesius L. (gray blackberry), Rubus idaeus L. (common raspberry) and Punica granatum (common pomegranate). The focus was on the antioxidant activity as measured by the electroanalytical technique, amperometry and the content of polyphenols as detected by photometry. Antioxidant activity was measured using amperometry - calibration standards of quercetin were used to construct a calibration curve with which the activity of the antioxidant analytes in the test samples could be analysed. It was determined that blackberries had the highest content of antioxidants at 3.30mg/g followed by pomegranates (2.40mg/g) and then raspberries (2.37mg/g). The total polyphenol content again demonstrated blackberries in the lead (8.20%) followed by raspberries (2.99%) and pomegranates (2.78%). To test the prebiotic activity of aqueous plant extracts, LAB were cultured in milk with and without plant components (10%, 15% and control samples) until a clot was formed. The CFU titer was determined for each sample. The results of the in-vitro test showed a significant growth of bacterial colonies in samples containing plant extracts (10%) compared to control samples. However, a slight inhibition of LAB

Non-equilibrium dynamics of bacterial colonies—growth, active fluctuations, segregation, adhesion, and invasion

Colonies of bacteria endowed with a pili-based self-propulsion machinery are ideal models for investigating the structure and dynamics of active many-particle systems. We study Neisseria gonorrhoeae colonies with a molecular-dynamics-based approach. A generic, adaptable simulation method for particle systems with fluctuating bond-like interactions is devised. The simulations are employed to investigate growth of bacterial colonies and the dependence of the colony structure on cell-cell interactions. In colonies, pilus retraction enhances local ordering. For colonies consisting of different types of cells, the simulations show a segregation depending on the pili-mediated interactions among different cells. These results agree with experimental observations. Next, we quantify the power-spectral density of colony-shape fluctuations in silico. Simulations predict a strong violation of the equilibrium fluctuation-response relation. Furthermore, we show that active force generation enables colonies to spread on surfaces and to invade narrow channels. The methodology can serve as a foundation for future studies of active many-particle systems at boundaries with complex shape.

Spatio-temporal based deep learning for rapid detection and identification of bacterial colonies through lens-free microscopy time-lapses.

Detection and identification of pathogenic bacteria isolated from biological samples (blood, urine, sputum, etc.) are crucial steps in accelerated clinical diagnosis. However, accurate and rapid identification remain difficult to achieve due to the challenge of having to analyse complex and large samples. Current solutions (mass spectrometry, automated biochemical testing, etc.) propose a trade-off between time and accuracy, achieving satisfactory results at the expense of time-consuming processes, which can also be intrusive, destructive and costly. Moreover, those techniques tend to require an overnight subculture on solid agar medium delaying bacteria identification by 12-48 hours, thus preventing rapid prescription of appropriate treatment as it hinders antibiotic susceptibility testing. In this study, lens-free imaging is presented as a possible solution to achieve a quick and accurate wide range, non-destructive, label-free pathogenic bacteria detection and identification in real-time using micro colonies (10-500 μm) kinetic growth pattern combined with a two-stage deep learning architecture. Bacterial colonies growth time-lapses were acquired thanks to a live-cell lens-free imaging system and a thin-layer agar media made of 20 μl BHI (Brain Heart Infusion) to train our deep learning networks. Our architecture proposal achieved interesting results on a dataset constituted of seven different pathogenic bacteria-Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis), Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 (S. pneumoniae), Streptococcus pyogenes (S. pyogenes), Lactococcus Lactis (L. Lactis). At T = 8h, our detection network reached an average 96.0% detection rate while our classification network precision and sensitivity averaged around 93.1% and 94.0% respectively, both were tested on 1908 colonies. Our classification network even obtained a perfect score for E. faecalis (60 colonies) and very high score for S. epidermidis at 99.7% (647 colonies). Our method achieved those results thanks to a novel technique coupling convolutional and recurrent neural networks together to extract spatio-temporal patterns from unreconstructed lens-free microscopy time-lapses.

Endophy Bacterial Phenoty of Aloe Vera (Aloe barbadensis miller) as the Producer of Antibacterial Compounds Towards Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus

The aims of this research are to isolate endophytic bacteria in aloe vera, to determine the antibacterial ability of endophytic bacteria contained in aloe vera against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria and to determine the characterization of endophytic bacteria found in aloe vera. This research is a laboratory experimental study with research procedures, namely sampling by purposive sampling method, isolation of endophytic bacteria carried out by strake plate, antibacterial potential test against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using paper disc diffusion method, Morphological identification was carried out by staining bacteria gram, Phenotypic characterization of endophytic bacteria using Profile matching method. The results showed that endophytic bacteria found in aloe vera leaves were characterized by the growth of bacterial colonies on Murashige-Skoog (MS) media with different shapes and colors, the results of the antibacterial potential of endophytes against the growth of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus showed that there were 6 bacterial isolates that showed clear zones in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and characterization results showed that isolates H2L, H9L and H10L had similar genera to Staphylococcus and Bacillus while isolates H4L, H5L and H7L had similar genera to Pseudomonas.

Effectiveness of Antibacterial Extract Bawang Suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) against Methillicin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) using Total Plate Count

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection can cause death which has caused the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2017 to issue a list of priority pathogens (one of which is MRSA) for the search for new antibiotic research. Bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) is believed to be able to inhibit the growth of the number of MRSA bacterial colonies because it contains saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids. The research was aimed to prove extract of bawang suna(Allium schoenoprasum L.) has effectiveness as an antibacterial to inhibit the growth of MRSA. True experimental design research design with cup count method using posttest only control design to compare the results of observing the number of MRSA bacterial colonies with and without treatment (control group) with serial dilution sampling technique serial dilution using a ratio of 1:5. The treatment used 1 ml an extract of bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) in the control group. 1 ml an extract of bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) gave a significant and closely related effect to inhibiting the growth of MRSA bacteria at a dilution level of 10-3 of 3288,50 + 1117,98, a dilution level of 10-4 of 379,25 + 33,75, and a 10-5 dilution rate of 42,00 + 8,68. The decrease in the number of MRSA bacterial colonies was due to the extract of bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) containing compounds: saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, and steroids that could prevent the growth of MRSA bacterial colonies. The extract of bawang suna (Allium schoenoprasum L.) as much as 1 ml using Total Plate Count (TPC) with serial dilution testing technique has a significant effect on dilutions of 10-3, 10-4, and 10-5 as an antibacterial to inhibit the growth of MRSA bacteria

Industrializing Bacterial Work: Microbiopolitics, Biogas Alchemy, and the French Waste Management Sector

Biological waste recycling has recently attracted widespread interest and investment. Large industrial plants that use microbiological engineering to process municipal waste and produce biogas have been established in different countries including Germany, France, Portugal, Brazil, Canada, and China, to name a few. These biowaste facilities are not simply classical energy infrastructures, as they are commonly described, but rather rely on the power of bacteria, archaea, and fungi at several levels to accomplish the work of waste metamorphosis. Such an appropriation of microbes’ vital force is based on specific and complex human–microbe relations, or microbiopolitics, that rely on practices of attention, care, and proximity with waste material. However, in these industrial attempts of upgrading the metabolic work of bacteria, the need for more hands-on daily care of waste materials and biological processes is being superseded by the automation of waste processing. Close examination of the French context shows that this shift produces ignorance regarding the growth and evolution of bacterial colonies and reduces humans’ attention and proximity to the industrial process, thereby depriving the microbes of elements that hitherto kept them domesticated.

Accelerated antibiotic susceptibility testing of pseudomonas aeruginosa by monitoring extracellular electron transfer on a 3-D paper-based cell culture platform

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the most important opportunistic pathogen leading to serious and life-threatening infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. Because of its remarkable capacity to resist antibiotics, the selection of the right antibiotics with the exact dose for the appropriate duration is critical to effectively treat the infections and prevent antibiotic resistance. Although conventional genotypic and phenotypic antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) methods have been dramatically advanced, they have suffered from many technical and operational issues as a generalized antibiotic stewardship program. Furthermore, given that most microbial infections are caused by their biofilms, the existing AST methods do not provide evidence-based antibiotic prescribing guidance for biofilm-based infections because the results are based on individual bacteria traditionally grown in their planktonic form. In this work, we create an innovative susceptibility testing technique for P. aeruginosa that offers clinically relevant guidelines and widely adaptable stewardship to effectively treat the infections and minimize antibiotic resistance. Our approach evaluates the antibiotic efficacy by continuously monitoring the accumulated electrical outputs from the bacterial extracellular electron transfer (EET) process in the presence of antibiotics. Our innovative paper-based culturing 3-D scaffold promotes surface-associated growth of bacterial colonies and biofilms. The platform replicates a natural habitat for P. aeruginosa where it can grow similarly to sites it infects. Our technique enables an all-electrical, real-time, easy-to-use, portable AST that can be easily translatable to clinical settings. The entire procedure takes 96 min to provide evidence-based antimicrobial prescribing guidance for biofilm-based infections.

Surface Bio-Functionalization of Anti-Bacterial Titanium Implants: A Review

Titanium (Ti) and titanium alloy have been widely used in orthopedics. However, the successful application of titanium implants is mainly limited due to implant-associated infections. The implant surface contributes to osseointegration, but also has the risk of accelerating the growth of bacterial colonies, and the implant surfaces infected with bacteria easily form biofilms that are resistant to antibiotics. Biofilm-related implant infections are a disastrous complication of trauma orthopedic surgery and occur when an implant is colonized by bacteria. Surface bio-functionalization has been extensively studied to better realize the inhibition of bacterial proliferation to further optimize the mechanical functions of implants. Recently, the surface bio-functionalization of titanium implants has been presented to improve osseointegration. However, there are still numerous clinical and non-clinical challenges. In this review, these aspects were highlighted to develop surface bio-functionalization strategies for enhancing the clinical application of titanium implants to eliminate implant-associated infections.

Nanoparticles of Liquid Smoke Rice Husk Inhibit Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Utilization of liquid smoke rice husk can be used as an alternative treatment because of the antimicrobial properties. Advances in drug delivery systems are increasingly developing to increase the bioavailability of drugs and reduce the side effects of these drugs, namely nanoparticles. In this study, nanoparticles of liquid smoke rice husk (nLSRH) were tested the antimicrobial against Porphyromonas gingivalis. This type of research is an experimental in vitro laboratory using Porphyromonas gingivalis culture. nLSRH contained liquid smoke rice husk concentration of 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15, and 17.5%. The antibacterial was performed using the dilution methods. The nLRSH concentration of 1% showed clearest medium. The highest number of colonies Porphyromonas gingivalis was observed at nLSRH concentration of 1% (40.3 colony-forming unit [CFU]) and decreased at a concentration of 2.5% (11.3 CFU); other concentration or no bacterial colony growth was found. The nLSRH concentration of 2.5% can be determined as the minimum inhibitory concentration and nLSRH concentration of 5% can be determined as the minimum bactericidal concentration. nLSRH have antimicrobial activity against Porphyromonas gingivalis. This finding able to drive the next research to develop nLSRH as gingival and periodontitis disease is caused by Porphyromonas gingivalis.

Inhibitory Content Of Salam Leaves Extract (Eugenia Polyantha Wight) And Identification Of Contaminated Bacteria Colonies In Dental Brush

Toothbrush contamination occurs immediately after use and increases when use is repeated. After the toothbrush is used, it should be washed and disinfected. Bay leaf (Eugenia polyantha Wight) can be an alternative herbal disinfectant because it contains tannin, flavonoids and essential oils that are antiseptic and antimicrobial. This study was an experimental laboratory to see the inhibitory content of bay leaf extract concentration of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% on the growth of toothbrush bacteria colonies. Samples are bacterial colonies originating from 8 toothbrushes that have been used by 8 students in the mass toothbrush activity in SDN Harapan in the City of Bandung, with inclusion criteria aged 9-12 years and having a DMF-T index> 3. Repeat treatment for each concentration was 4 times. The results showed that bay leaf extract at concentrations of 20%, 30%, 40%, 50% and 60% could inhibit the growth of bacterial colonies, but when compared with the antibacterial effects produced by antibiotics Ciprofloxacin (5 µg), inhibitory content of bay leaf extract the five concentrations are relatively smaller. Colonies of contaminant bacteria that often appear on toothbrushes are Neisseria sp and Streptococcus sp, Klebsiella sp, Enterobacteriaceae sp (Coliform), and Staphylococcus aureus. Further research can be developed to find out other herbal ingredients that can be combined to increase disinfection, good dosage forms and the right contact time between disinfectant and toothbrushes.