Backup Center Research Articles

After 988’s Launch, Experts Emphasize More Work Needed

After 988’s Launch, Experts Emphasize More Work Needed

Integrating GIS in reorganizing blood supply network in a robust-stochastic approach by combating disruption damages

As supplying adequate blood in multiple countries has failed due to the Covid-19 pandemic, the importance of redesigning a sensible protective-resilience blood supply chain is underscored. The outbreak-as an extensive disruption-has caused a delay in ordering and delivering blood and its by-products, which leads to severe social and financial loss to healthcare organizations. This paper presents a robust multi-phase optimization approach to model a blood supply network ensuring blood is collected efficiently. We evaluate the effectiveness of the model using real-world data from two mechanisms. Firstly, a Geographic Information System (GIS)-based method is presented to find potential alternative locations for blood donation centers to maximize availability, accessibility, and proximity to blood donors. Then, a protective mathematical model is developed with the incorporation of (a) blood perishability, (b) efficient collation centers, (c) multiple-source of suppliers, (d) back-up centers, (e) capacity limitation, and (f) uncertain demand. Emergency back-up for laboratory centers to supplement and offset the processing plants against the possible disorders is applied in a two-stage stochastic robust optimization model to maximize the level of hospitals' coverage. The results highlight the fraction cost of considering back-up facilities in the total costs and provide more resilient decisions with lower risks by examining resource limitations.

An evolutionary approach for the p-next center problem

The p-next center problem is an extension of the classical p-center problem, in which a backup center must be assigned to welcome users from a suddenly unavailable center. Usually, users tend to seek help in the closest facility they can find. However, during a significant event or crisis, one only realizes that the closest facility has been disrupted upon his/her arrival. Therefore, the user seeks help in the next closest center from the one that has failed to provide service. Therefore, the objective of the p-next center problem is to minimize the path of any user, which is made by the distance from this origin to its closest installed facility, plus the distance from this facility to its backup. We propose an evolutionary approach for the p-next center problem and an extension for the current benchmark instances. The proposed methods are built on the Multi-Parent Biased Random-Key Genetic Algorithm with Implicit Path-Relinking. Computational experiments carried out on 416 test instances show, experimentally, the outstanding performance of the developed algorithms and their flexibility to reach a good quality-speed trade-off.

Research on a Distributed Processing Model Based on Kafka for Large-Scale Seismic Waveform Data

For storage and recovery requirements on large-scale seismic waveform data of the National Earthquake Data Backup Center (NEDBC), a distributed cluster processing model based on Kafka message queues is designed to optimize the inbound efficiency of seismic waveform data stored in HBase at NEDBC. Firstly, compare the characteristics of big data storage architectures with that of traditional disk array storage architectures. Secondly, realize seismic waveform data analysis and periodic truncation, and write HBase in NoSQL record form through Spark Streaming cluster. Finally, compare and test the read/write performance of the data processing process of the proposed big data platform with that of traditional storage architectures. Results show that the seismic waveform data processing architecture based on Kafka designed and implemented in this paper has a higher read/write speed than the traditional architecture on the basis of the redundancy capability of NEDBC data backup, which verifies the validity and practicability of the proposed approach.

A technical study of remote backup center performance using public virtual private network

A technical study of remote backup center performance using public virtual private network

Construction of Backup Center for Enterprise Electronic Files Based on Cloud Platform

The development in information technologies lies such as cloud platform provide good ways to improve the intelligence of present electrical enterprises. However, the massive data from the power stations and systems should be properly stored to avoid the sudden breakdowns of the system. Therefore, it is meaningful to construct the data backup center for all the data in the enterprise. The main objective to the properly manage and analyze these data to find and solve the potential threats in the enterprise system. This paper analyses the main functions of the data backup center and provides some potential ways to build it with high intelligence and automation level. By using stable facilitations, intelligent information classification modules and automatic anomaly detection tools, the data backup center could help the smooth operating of the whole enterprise.

Review: The Internet Archive

The Internet Archive https://archive.org What would it mean for an archive to be complete? Could an archive ever offer “universal access to all knowledge”? This Borgesian aspiration is both the slogan and the objective of the Internet Archive, an openly accessible electronic repository of public domain and free-license cultural materials launched in 1996 by Silicon Valley entrepreneur Brewster Kahle. Starting as an automated archive of web pages, it later expanded to include other digital content such as books, television recordings, and software. Based in San Francisco, the project has multiple data centers in California and backup centers worldwide. Visitors can access the archive through its home page (https://archive.org), where they can explore its collections and contribute new material using straightforward keyword search and category-based browsing tools. The site is particularly helpful for those seeking pre-twentieth-century architectural texts; often, a search by author or title leads almost immediately to the full digitized text, ready for reference or download. The archive is unquestionably colossal. Its current holdings include some 286 billion web pages, 12 million texts, and more than 3 million videos. Indeed, it is dwarfed only by its inverse, the fictional set of all the content it excludes. Between these two sets, we can imagine a kind of perimeter line delineating inclusion. While the problems of inclusion and scope haunt all archives, they are especially pernicious in the case of online archives, where physical accommodations in the form of computer servers with seemingly endless capacity for storage and processing impose few organizational constraints and draw indistinct boundaries. This was not the case with earlier open-archive initiatives. Project Gutenberg, founded in 1971, contended with bandwidth and storage limitations that were severe by today's standards, and thus restricted its contents to texts that were carefully selected by editors and manually input. In contrast, later initiatives such as …

When centers can fail: A close second opportunity

This paper presents the p-next center problem, which aims to locate p out of n centers so as to minimize the maximum cost of allocating customers to backup centers. In this problem it is assumed that centers can fail and customers only realize that their closest (reference) center has failed upon arrival. When this happens, they move to their backup center, i.e., to the center that is closest to the reference center. Hence, minimizing the maximum travel distance from a customer to its backup center can be seen as an alternative approach to handle humanitarian logistics, that hedges customers against severe scenario deteriorations when a center fails.For this extension of the p-center problem we have developed several different integer programming formulations with their corresponding strengthenings based on valid inequalities and variable fixing. The suitability of these formulations for solving the p-next center problem using standard software is analyzed in a series of computational experiments. These experiments were carried out using instances taken from the previous discrete location literature.

Design a cloud storage platform for pervasive computing environments

An increasing number of personal electronic handheld devices (e.g., SmartPhone, netbook, MID and etc.), which make up the personal pervasive computing environments, are playing an important role in our daily lives. Data storage and sharing is difficult for these devices due to the data inflation and the natural limitations of mobile devices, such as the limited storage space and the limited computing capability. Since the emerging cloud storage solutions can provide reliable and unlimited storage, they satisfy to the requirement of pervasive computing very well. Thus we designed a new cloud storage platform which includes a series of shadow storage services to address these new data management challenges in pervasive computing environments, which called as "SmartBox". In SmartBox, each device is associated its shadow storage with a unique account, and the shadow storage acts as backup center as well as personal repository when the device is connected. To facilitate file navigation, all datasets in shadow storage are organized based on file attributes which support the users to seek files by semantic queries. We implemented a prototype of SmartBox focusing on pervasive environments being made up of Internet accessible devices. Experimental results with the deployments confirm the efficacy of shadow storage services in SmartBox.

Construction of the Technical System of Data Backup Centre for China Seismograph Network and Its Support to Wenchuan Earthquake Researches

AbstractThe seismological observation system in China achieved a rapid development during the Tenth FiveYear Plan period. The construction of the technical system of Data Backup Center for China Seismograph Network was one of the most important parts of China Digital Seismological Observation Network program, and was completed by the Institute of Geophysics, China Earthquake Administration at the end of 2007. The data center is capable of receiving and storing near real‐time continuous waveform data from more than 1000 permanent stations, and also manipulating the data, including data quality control, data format conversion, event data extraction by user order, and data download service via internet. By now we have supplied about 70 TB waveform data to over 70 research projects in more than 10 academic institutions; especially after the Wenchuan great earthquake our prompt data service played an important supporting role for relevant researches. This paper presents the technical system construction of the Data Backup Center, prompt data service for Wenchuan earthquake studies, establishment of the near real‐time automatic event‐extraction system for large earthquakes, and data service for seismological and related researches.

Long‐term preservation of digital information in China: some problems and solutions

PurposeThe purpose of this paper to describe the research work on the long‐term preservation of Chinese digital information funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) since 2001.Design/methodology/approachThe paper provides an overview, in text and figures, of ways in which e‐documents originating in China, in now obsolete formats, can be made readable again. Also, results of a recent survey of electronic records management in government and corporations are given.FindingsThe lifecycle management gap with respect to electronic records is highlighted and the main factors that restrict the Chinese anti‐disaster data backup plan are analysed. It is suggested that the data backup centre which can be accepted by small medium enterprises should be the e‐government disaster recovery centre for local government.Originality/valueAll the research results are useful for those who need to understand the long‐term preservation of Chinese digital information and electronic records management.

International cooperation in the expansion of a newborn screening programme in Lebanon: a possible model for other programmes

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is rapidly gaining support, even in less-developed nations, as the method of choice for the newborn screening of metabolic disorders, although difficulties in acquiring this technology may at times be major obstacles in several Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries. In Lebanon, international cooperation allowed this acquisition at the Newborn Screening Laboratory (NSL) of the Saint Joseph University (USJ) in the capital city of Beirut. NSL is currently screening up to 20% of all newborns in Lebanon. The expansion was made possible through initial collaboration with the Metabolic Laboratory at the Hamburg University Medical Center (HUMC) and subsequently with other centres. During phase I of the expansion (2006-2007), blood spots were shipped to HUMC with rapid couriers twice a week and electronic reports were sent back generally within 4 days after shipment. Positive cases were recalled to NSL and new specimens were sent back for confirmation at HUMC. During that first phase, the Beirut staff received training at the HUMC and in other centres. Phase II was a transitory period of 4 months during which machines were installed in Beirut and working procedures were adopted and documented. The activity has now entered a consolidation phase (Phase III) in which all measurements are exclusively performed in Beirut while HUMC acts as a backup centre. International cooperation remains crucial for periodic quality assurance procedures, and for supporting the transformation of the USJ-NSL into a training centre able to transfer MS/MS technology to the MENA region.

The Persistent Color Line: Specific Instances of Racial Preference in Major League Player Evaluation Decisions after 1947

You are in charge of a Major League baseball club. You are decision maker responsible for determining which players will be included on active big league roster and which ones will be farmed out. The measure of your success would seem to be exceedingly simple: how many games team wins. It would stand to reason, then, that your motivation in deciding which players to assign to regular season roster would be equally simple: you will choose best players available to you to comprise your team. The ball club you're responsible for is a particularly good one: you won National League pennant last year. Your lineup features a host of young power hitters, which is your team's central strength; your pitching staff was good enough to win with last year, but fundamentally, yours is a ball club that wins by overwhelming opponent with offense. Your team has starcaliber players--excelling both offensively and defensively--at six positions: catcher, first base, second base, shortstop, right field, and center field. Your third baseman isn't much of a hitter, but he's a terrific fielder. The one position, other than pitching, that could stand an upgrade would be left field: you used a motley platoon there last year, with five guys seeing action in more than 25 games, and with no one getting as many as 225 at bats. Your farm system offers you three outfielders to choose from to add to big league roster this year: Player A: A twenty-five-year-old left-handed hitter. A strong arm but otherwise below average defensively in either left or right field; certainly not a center fielder. Average speed, good power. Hit very well last year at double-A level (.328, 28 home runs), but has seen only 20 games of triple-A action in his career as well as 64 Major League games over two previous seasons, in which he batted .265. Player B: A twenty-six--year-old left-handed hitter. A below-average arm but otherwise a decent defensive outfielder in left or right, capable as a backup center fielder. Good speed, not much power. Has shown excellent on-base capability throughout his Minor League career, hitting for average and drawing many walks; last year he hit .336 with 3 home runs in double-A. Has never played triple-A ball; has 8 games of Major League experience, in which he hit .083. Player C: A twenty-eight-year-old switch hitter. Good enough defensively to be a regular Major League center fielder. Blazing speed and very good power. Has played past season and a half at triple-A level and has simply torn it up: last year he batted .326 with 17 homers, with a league-leading 154 runs scored, a league-leading 207 hits, a league-leading 19 triples, and a league-record 89 stolen bases. Base stealing is so devastating that, seven times last year, opposing team employed bizarre strategy of walking pitcher intentionally ahead of his lead-off spot in order as a means of blocking his path. Described as the greatest attraction in history of International League. (1) Which of these three players do you choose to help with your team's leftfield situation? If your choice is to get player C into your lineup as quickly as you possibly can, and to tell players A and B to get out of his way, then your choice is eminently logical. However, if your choice is to sell player C to another National League team (where he will go on to win starting center-field job and be named Rookie of Year, hitting .273 with 18 homers and leading Major Leagues in stolen bases), and if your choice is to keep both players A and B and give both of them a shot at your left-field job (in which both will struggle, batting .207 in 34 games and .205 in 38 games, respectively), then you will have made precisely same choices as did actual team in this historical situation. Having made these choices, this ball club-getting another year of mediocre performance from its crew of left fielders-failed to repeat as National League champion, winning 8 fewer games than in previous year. …

The engineering of systems engineers

The telephone companies serving the southeastern United States had taken great care to prepare for the inevitable day when a major hurricane would strike their service region. They had stockpiled poles, wire, and switches, provided back-up computer centers, vehicles, and more. No one had thought to include daycare centers, but if they had, it is likely that budget-minded executives would have asked what daycare centers have to do with keeping electrons and electromagnetic waves flowing. On August 24, 1992, hurricane Andrew struck the southeastern coast of the United States producing havoc throughout much of the region and providing the answer to their question. As had been so carefully planned, there were ample supplies of poles, wires and vehicles. In fact the only thing that seemed to be missing was the workers to use the poles, wires and vehicles. Many of these employees came from two-worker families - so that when the hurricane destroyed most of the daycare centers in the area, along with almost everything else, one member of the family had no choice but to remain home to care for the children - this during a time when the workers were critically needed at their jobs. Quickly assessing the problem, the telephone companies brought former employees out of retirement as volunteer daycare center managers, and soon the workforce was at full strength and the telephone system began its recovery. Helping propel the space shuttle into orbit is the large external fuel tank which also serves as the structural backbone for the space shuttle stack of solid rocket motors and the orbiter itself. The shuttle had been in operation for only a few years when an effort was initiated to reduce the weight of the external fuel tank by several thousand pounds in order to permit more payload to be carried into orbit. Given the size of the huge white external fuel tank (if the tank were laid on its side, the Wright Brothers’ famous flight could have taken place entirely inside of it) prospects for a significant weight savings seemed promising. All proceeded according to plan until it came time to eliminate the last 800 pounds - at which point the engineers were reduced to redesigning fasteners, seeking newer and more exotic materials, and considering ever thinner skin thicknesses. One particularly memorable day, a worker only peripherally associated with the project (and who would have made a fine systems engineer) stopped the engineers in their tracks by asking a rather profound question, ‘Wow about not painting the tank White?” “But,” protested the engineers, “space hardware is always white.”Which was in fact true

Optimal capacity of a firm's computer backup center

Continuous provision of computing services is a crucial concern to more and more organizations characterized by a heavy use of computers to promote their survival and prosperity. Yet despite the costly consequences of computer system breakdowns, few research results are available to guide business firms in managing the risks of computer system breakdowns. This paper identifies a number of common strategies to cope with the computer downtime problem. Useful analytical models and solution procedures are then proposed to tackle this critical problem.

The 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake: issues in medical control.

The role of the base-hospital and on-line medical control in a disaster has not been investigated previously. This study assesses the roles of base-hospitals and the value and feasibility of on-line medical control during the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The researchers studied five Bay Area counties most affected by the earthquake: San Francisco, Alameda, San Mateo, Santa Clara, and Santa Cruz. Researchers sent questionnaires to all 1,498 registered EMTs and paramedics in these counties; 620 were returned (41.4%). Respondents answered questions about activities performed, contacts with base-hospitals and other agencies, and problems encountered the night of the earthquake. Researchers selected 63 paramedics for in-depth interviews based on their performance of significant advanced life support (ALS) activities performed during the disaster. The coordinators of the 13 base-hospitals (BHCs) in the region also received and returned questionnaires about medical control, base-hospital roles during the disaster, and problems encountered. Researchers interviewed all five county emergency medical services (EMS) agency directors. The surveys of EMS directors, base-hospital coordinators, and paramedics indicate that confusion existed over the status of medical control after the earthquake. There was general agreement among base-hospital coordinators (BHCs) that suspension of medical control is appropriate in a major disaster. Three bases had appropriate equipment to function as back-up dispatch centers. Eight bases had adequate personnel, but only one BHC felt his personnel had adequate training to function in a dispatch capacity. Nine paramedics did not start or continue resuscitation on patients whom they ordinarily would have begun resuscitation. Emergency medical services should suspend medical control immediately following a major disaster and ensure that all prehospital and base personnel are notified. Disrupted communications protocols for prehospital personnel should reflect the skill and knowledge level of paramedics and the need for rapid, advanced practice in a disaster. Disaster planners should consider other roles for base hospitals in major disasters.

Birdie

BIRDIE / Mark Wisniezvski FIRST DAY OF PRACTICE my senior year, I walk out of the locker room and see what looks Uke a sixth-grade white dude whooshing in a jumper from way past the free throw Une. "Who's the punk with the freshies?" I yeU across the gym to Shannette. Shannette and I are buds 'cause we the only two seniors on varsity who don't play—and the only two who'U admit we Uke to fool around with dudes. "Transfer," she say. She hit the bottom of the rim with a layup . "From California." "What he doing shooting with the freshies?" I ask. "Managing?" Shannette put a baU on her hip, squeak her Air Jordans my way and stick her mouth so close to my ear it almost tickle. "SHE," she whisper. "She on the freshy team. Name is Birdie." A shot HOOSH in on the freshies' side of the gym, and there's this Uttle Birdie, standing thirty feet out, waving a perfect foUowthrough at the glass backboard. "She won't do that again," I say, and someone pass Birdie one of them cheap, worn-down rubber baUs, and she hits. I pretend Tm not watching and she hits again, this time from a foot past the three-point Une. I look at Shannette and she don't say anything. She don't have to. Because lots of girls can shoot, but they mostly have SETTERS, not jumpers, and this Birdie's jumper be Uke an NBA ESPN highUght, with the elbow under the baU, and the release at the top of the jump, and that perfect backspin you wish you could watch in slow motion. Two weeks into our regular season, Boys' Varsity starts coming to practice early to watch us scrimmage the freshies. Birdie be rainbowing home twenty-foot jumpers and Boys' Varsity be jumping and hoUering Uke German shepherds under a ham bone hanging from monkey bars. AU of us on Girls' Varsity be busting butt on defense and making three-quarter-court bounce passes connect clean on full-speed fast breaks, but Boys' Varsity never cheer for any of that—they just sit there eyeing Birdie, waiting for her to sting in another jay. I gotta admit I was jealous: because I knew Boys' Varsity liked Birdie because she played hoop and looked most Uke they did. She walked pigeon-toed Uke them, and had 164 · The Missouri Review her brown hair cut short Uke Danny Ainge. The hair on her legs needed shaving more than she bothered with it, you could see the muscles in her Uttle forearms move when she dribbled, and her chest be flat as a back aUey. Which most of Girls' Varsity wasn't. Most of Girls' Varsity had big breasts boundng everywhere, slowing us down, getting in the way of our shots—at least that be my excuse. Birdie never made excuses herself. In fact, she hardly even TALKED. When she did it surprised you, sounding low and hoarse and soft. I never heard her say anything until after the practice Shannette's ankle busted and Coach moved Birdie up to Varsity. We played Yates the next day and Coach put in Birdie and HOOSH-HOOSH-HOOSH-HOOSH—she drain four nothingbut -net jumpers in a row. We win by thirty and after the buzzer to end the game, when we in Une doing soft high-fives with the Yates players, their Uttle Mexican point-guard teU Birdie she look Uke Michael J. Fox: "Fuck you," Birdie say. Coach, who the only dude coach in the conference, hear Birdie say this but just laugh. Then he stay up in the Yates Athletic Director's office talking to the Yates coach, who the prettiest lady coach in our conference. We go down to the visitors' locker room and Yolanda, our backup center, teU us Coach be trying to talk his way into a date up there. She teU us she's sure he'U be in that AD office for at least a half hour, and that she herself's gonna show us how to have fun. She grab some towels and cover the drains on...

Nurse Practitioner Perceptions of Facilitators and Constraints to Practice

The purpose of this study was to identify and explain conditions that served to constrain and/or facilitate the practice of Veterans Administration (VA) nurse practitioners (NPs). A 60% stratified random sample of all full-time VA NPs was surveyed. The sample represented NPs from the four hospital complexity levels and six geographic regions. A 92% response rate was obtained for a sample of 257 NPs. On the whole, VA NPs appeared to experience more facilitation than constraint. Areas that seemed to be especially positive for VA NPs were related to the direct delivery of care, and areas that interfered with their practice were related to administrative issues. NP practice is facilitated if there is a feeling of status, opportunity for professional growth, and NP personal satisfaction. Status can be influenced by independence in practice, support from top nurse administrators, and enough clerical support. Professional growth can be enhanced by providing opportunities for continuing education, research, physician back-up, and medical center committee membership. Personal satisfaction may be promoted through job security, independence in practice, fringe benefits, continuity of caseload, and opportunity for promotion. Throughout the analyses, independence repeatedly surfaced as an important criterion in the facilitation of NP practice.

Backup control centers: justification, requirements, emergency planning, and drills

This report is one of a series of presented on behalf of the IEE Power Engineering Society's System Operations Subcommittee with the intent of focusing industry attention on current problems faced by electric utilities in the operation of the bulk power supply system. Six short note reports are presented which direct attention to problem areas in disaster planning and, in particular, establishing backup control centers. The first report addresses the sensitive issue of assessing the risks associated with not having a backup center and of justifying its costs. The second report identifies the functional capabilities required of a backup control center and illustrates the wide range of implementation choices. The third report describes the communications strategies and facilities that are necessary. The fourth report develops a set of criteria to be utilized for facility requirements and site selection. The fifth report addresses emergency planning requirements. The final report explains the challenges in developing, testing, and updating control center evacuation procedures. >

Social Impact Strategies

The legal services backup centers focus on special areas of legal interest, such as housing, education, and consumerism. The housing law center has worked to reform laws governing housing and to see that urban renewal programs do not displace urban low-cost housing. The strategic orientation of these legal backup centers offers consumers important benefits.