Background Of Mineral Nutrition Research Articles

Agrobiological basis of wheat yield formation Dicoccum Schrank (spelt) in the ancestral domain of the Republic of Tatarstan

The article presents the results of a three-year (2016–2018) study on the role of seeding rates taking into account the depth of seeding on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition in the conditions of gray forest soils in the middle Volga region. Experiments were conducted on the pilot field of the Department of Plant Industry and Horticulture of Kazan State Automobile University. Soil of the experimental site is characterized by the following agrochemical indicators: humus content – 2.9–3.2 % (according to Tyurin), the sum of the absorbed bases – 27 mg.-per 100 g of soil, light hydrolysable nitrogen – 79.0...110 mg/1000 g (according to Corinth), mobile phosphorus and potassium (according to Kirsanov) – 105...184 and 79...149 mg/1000 g of soil, pHsol.– 5.6–5.7. Research material – double-grain wheat Triticum Dicoccum Schrank (spelt) grade Runo. During all the years of research, the soil layer 4 and 6 cm was the most wetted during the sprouting phase. On average, for 3 years the best completeness of sprouting was provided by sowing rates of 4–5 million germplasm seeds per hectare at the depth of seed placement by 2 and 4 cm. Safety of plants to full ripeness at sowing of 6 million grains per hectare on both feeding backgrounds made up at planting of seeds on 2 cm – 414–423 pieces/m2, 4 cm – 411–432 and 6 cm – 356–374 plants on 1 m2. The highest yield for 3 years on average on both feeding grounds (1.93...2.55 t/ha) was provided by sowing 4 million grains per hectare when planting seeds by 4 cm.

Application of micronutrients and insurance herbicides in corn growing technologies

Studies have found that growing maize for grain on light low-humus soils of the left-Bank Polesie of Ukraine wih the use of microelements on the increased background of mineral nutrition provided the best indicators of economic efficiency. It is recommended to sow early- maturing (80 %) and mid-maturing- (20 %) hybrids with FAO 150-250 on the background of mineral fertilizers N120P60K60, applying herbicide MaizeTer power in the 3-5-leaf phase of a crop and fulfil out-off-root spraying crops with complex preparations “Rosaliq Aquatic” or ” Germ corn “. Key words: maize, insured herbicides, micro-fertilizers, early-maturing, mid-maturing, hybrids.

Sunflower Response to Additional Nutrition at Different Systems of Basic Treatment of Soil

Sunflower Response to Additional Nutrition at Different Systems of Basic Treatment of Soil

Influence of background of mineral nutrition and receptions of major treatment of soil when cultivating spring wheat in conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the middle Volga region

Discussion issues on partial replacement of mineral fertilizers with crushed straw and crop siderate, as well as minimizing soil tillage, are often linked by researchers to an increase in biological and enzymatic activity, at the same time, and with an increase in the number of agronomically important physiological groups of soil-ammonifying, nitrifying, denitrifying bacteria and cellulose – forming microor-ganisms that contribute to higher yields and lower production costs for the cultivation of crops. In result of the conducted researches we obtained the highest yield of all possible experience (of 3.09 t/ha) and the best indicators of quality of grain of spring wheat also were obtained on the variant with the introduction N60P60K60, chopped straw predecessor and green manure on subsurface loosening. In addition, in this embodiment, the best were the economic indicators, net income – RUB 2369,6 1 ha, and the level of profitability of production amounted to 34.3%.

Efficiency of bacterial fertilizers in peas agrocoenosis under the conditions of the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine

Peas (Pisum sativum L.) is an appreciable annual leguminous crop which can solve the problem of phytoalbumin, improve nitrogen balance of soil and increase the production of food products.
 The important role in cultivation method of leguminous crops, pea in particular, plays the realization of productive potential due to energy-saving techniques, namely seed inoculation. One of the ways to supply pea agrocoenosis with beneficial microflora is the use of bacterial fertilizers which can supply the plants with essential complex of microorganisms, good nutrition and as a result it can help to realize its genetic potential as for yielding capacity and protein content.
 The aim of the research is to define the influence of bacterial fertilizers on pea productivity by different level of mineral nutrition. The researches have been conducted on the base of educational and scientific centre of Sumy National Agrarian University according to generally accepted methods during 2015–2017.
 The research variants were the following: without inoculation by bacterial fertilizer and with seed treatment with Rhyzohumin and Polymyxobakteryn. Inoculation of peas seed was conducted according to the method of the Institute of Agricultural Microbiology and Agro-Industrial Production of NAAS (Chernihiv).
 On the control the seed inoculation has not been done. The backgrounds of mineral nutrition were P60K60 and N60P60K60. The application of bacterial fertilizers which contain new, highly effective, culturally specific variety of rhizobial bacteria with the increased viability in high concentrations ensures the development of maximal amount of tubers on root system of plants. The highest efficiency in forming symbiotic apparatus and intensity of its activity was stipulated by combination of presowing seed inoculation with Rhezohumin and application of phosphate-potassium fertilizers in the doze of P60K60. The maximal amount and weight of nodules was 50.3 unit per plant and 2.06 g per plant. The level of peas yielding capacity is defined by individual plant productivity which is multiplied by its amount and characterizes the cro productivity under the certain conditions of growing.
 It was determined that the combination of seed inoculation by bacterial fertilizers through using of nitrogen fixing (Rhizobium leguminosarum strain 31) and phosphorus mobilizing (Bacillus polymyxa KB) bacteria and mineral fertilizers favours to raising of peas productivity under the conditions North-East Forest-Steppe zone of Ukraine. The most effective result was obtained in the variant with peas seed inoculation by Rhyzohumin and application of mineral fertilizer in the doze N60P60K60 (yield has increased on 33.7 % comparing with the control).

Impact of foliar fertilizing on the white mustard productivity in the northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukaraine

The experimental studies were carried out on the fields of the Sumy NAU Training Research and Production Complex (TRPC) during 2016–2018.The soil of the experimental plot is typical deep-medium humus, large-dusty and medium-loam black soil on forest trees.
 The subject of the research was a white mustard variety of Oslava created at the Institute of Feed and Agriculture of the Podillya NAASU, entered in the Register of varieties suitable for cultivation in Ukraine in 2010.
 The aim of the research is to optimize the nutrition of the white mustard variety of Oslava through the complex application of mineral fertilizers and foliar fertilization under the conditions of the northeastern forest-steppe of Ukraine.
 The analysis of weather conditions, in particular the hydrothermal coefficient of Selyaninov (HTC), established that 2016 season was wet (HTC = 1.60), 2017 and 2018 were dry (HTC = 0.59 and 0.46). During the research, the cultivation technology was generally accepted in the experimental area, except for the elements studied.
 The results of the three-year study on the influence of foliar fertilizing under different mineral nutrition backgrounds on the yield of the white mustard variety Oslava are presented. It was found that the application of mineral fertilizers and complex fertilizers for the foliar feeding had a positive effect on the morphometric parameters of the white mustard, in particular, increased the plant height and the number of branches of the first order. The use of mineral fertilizers at the rate of N30P30K30 provided an increase in the yield by 0.34 t/ha, N60P60K60 – by 0.55 t/ha, N90P90K90 – by 0.61 t/ha on an average compared to the control.
 Therefore, for the maximum yield (2.14–2.21 t/ha) with a mass of 1000 seeds (5.39–5.54 g) of the white mustard under the conditions of the Northeastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine, foliar fertilizing of Vuxal boron (3.0 l/ha) + Vuxal bioaminoplant 3.0 l/ha) and Spectrum B + Mo (2.0 l/ha) + Spectrum Ascorist (3.0 l/ha) should be applied on the background of N60-90P60-90K60-90, what provided an increase in the yield compared to the control of 0.58-0.65 t/ha.

Роль нетрадиционных кормовых культур в кормопроизводстве Верхневолжья и научные основы их возделывания в одновидовых и смешанных посевах

The results of many years of research on the comparative study of single-species and mixed crops of non-traditional forage crops, including festulolium used to create a sustainable forage base balanced in energy, protein and carbohydrates, are presented. The scientific basis for the cultivation of herbs in single and mixed sowing has been determined. It was established that the yield of green mass of festulolium is high-er than that of traditional cereal grasses and on control for an average of three years amounted to 19.8 t/ha, against the background of mineral nutrition — 29.9 t/ha. In mixed sowings, grass mixtures consisting of clover and festulolium and alfalfa and festulolium were distinguished in terms of productivi-ty and fodder value. They provided the harvest of fodder units of 7.95 and 8.65 thousand/ha, with the provision of the fodder unit with digestible protein at the level of the norm or much higher than it — 101–134 g, with an optimal (0.8–1.0) sugar-protein ratio on both backgrounds. The positive effect of grasses on soil fertility, expressed in the accumulation of a significant amount of crop-root residues and nitrogen, is shown. Single-species crops of clover and alfalfa have accumulated 9.83 and 14.8 t/ha of crop-root re-sidues at the control and 10.8 and 19.5 t/ha against the background of mineral nutrition, with which 154, 328 and 253, 431 kg, respectively, were supplied with nitrogen ha, of which symbiotic – 65, 140 and 85, 183 kg/ha.

Obtaining programmed yields of corn in the conditions of the upper Volga region

The results of studies carried out in 2016 – 2018 in the 2-factor field experiment on sod - medium-podzolic light loamy soil in JSC "Kalininskoye" Kalinin district of the Tver region, to study the possibility of obtaining programmed maize yields with different efficiency of sowing KPD FAR. The background of mineral nutrition was created by the introduction of litter manure of cattle. Studied hybrids Cascade SV 195 (control), Angela, LH 30189, Voronezh SV 160, 180 Spring ST. It is revealed that the agrometeorological conditions of the region allow to form the programmed yields of green mass of corn at creation of the corresponding background of fertilizer. At the same time, they increase the powerful photosynthetic potential of sowing. The maximum FRR (4663 thousand m2хday/ha) formed hybrid LH 30189 on the background of mineral nutrition with the efficiency of the KPD FAR is 3.5 %, which has generated the greatest yield of green mass of cobs in the milk – wax ripeness, on average, for 3 years he has 93.2 t/ha.

Comprehensive protection of winter wheat from harmful organisms of agrocenosis in the zone of the Polissya of Ukraine

Goal. To study influence of complex application of fungicidal, insecticidal action on the dynamics of the number of harmful organisms and fusarium root rot on winter wheat crops under the conditions of the Polissya of Ukraine.
 Method. The research was carried out during 2015—2017 on the experimental field of ZNAEU with. Greater Gorbash Chernyakhivsky area Zhytomyr region. The cultivation of winter wheat was carried out in accordance with the Polissya zone of Ukraine. Sizes of experimental sites 50 m2, repetition — four times. The research was carried out on two backgrounds of mineral nutrition — F1 — N150P60K100, F2 — N210P84K140 of the active substance. Treatment of wheat seeds with fungicidal and insecticidal preparations was carried out one day before sowing. The accounting of damage to wheat plants by the dominant pests was carried out from the IV stage of organogenesis by the method of recording areas using the framework imposed on the plants. The accounting for fusarium root rot was carried out in the phase of full ripeness before harvesting. Samples of plants for analysis were excavated from two adjacent rows of 0.5 m and recorded on a scale: 0 points — the plant did not affect; 1 point — defeat to 30% of the roots and up to 50% of the stem base; 2 points — defeat 30—60% of the roots and more than 50% of the stem base; 3 points — defeat more than 60% of the roots.
 Results. As a result of research on winter wheat crops, where N150P60K100 of active ingredient (F1) was introduced, the number of cicadas changed from 28 to 92 spe/ m², corn flies decreased by 56 spe/m², corn aphids decreased by 40 spe/ m². its population for the complex processing of seeds Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t). The spread of fusarium root decreased by 22—23%, development — by 2.5—2.8% compared with the control variant. At higher levels of mineral nutrition N210P84K140 the grain yield increases from 3.5 to 5.8 t/ha, and the increase in yield was from 0.73 to 2.25 t/ha, which is 0.4 t/ha more than in the background of 1 in option Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t).
 Conclusions. Complex treatment of seeds with fungicidal and insecticidal preparations contributed to a decrease in the number of plant phytophages and a decrease in winter wheat damage by fusarium root rot. The combination of different standards of mineral nutrition and tank mixes for seed drilling improved the characteristics of the structure of the crop. The highest increment of yield was obtained at elevated norms of mineral nutrition N210P84K140 in combination with the use of a mixture of drugs Gaucho Plus 466 FS, TH (0.6 l/t) + Lamardor 400 FS, TH (0.2 l/t) + MikoHelp (1.0 l/t), which was 2.25 t/ ha compared with the control variant.

Оптимальные способы посева кормосмесей на расчетных фонах минерального питания в почвенно-климатических условиях Лесостепи Среднего Поволжья

A powerful factor in increasing the yield of feed mixtures is the use of mineral fertilizers. On average, over 4 years of research, the yield of green mass increases from 13.8 tons per hectare at the control (without fertilizers) to 27.4 tons per hectare (almost 2 times). However, the effectiveness of the use of mineral fertilizers depends on how the sunflower and annual herbs are placed in space. Thus, on all backgrounds of mineral nutrition, the highest yield of green mass was obtained by sowing sunflower and annual herbs in separate strips with strip widths of 180 cm: N85P38K46 - 28.2 tons per hectare; N99P44K54 - 32.9 tons per hectare; N113P51K61 - 34.2 tons per hectare. In the same conditions, both narrowing the bands to 90 cm and expanding to 360 cm reduce the yield of the object of study. Mineral fertilizers also have a great influence on the gross yield of raw fat (an increase of 2.8 times), feed units - from 2,562 to 3,904, crude protein - 1.9 times, exchange energy - 2.4 times. As a result, the payback of each ruble of the cost of mineral fertilizers provides for the production of 1.5 rubles, and the bioenergy coefficient increases to 4.4, versus 2.2 for mixed sowing of sunflower and annual herbs.

Влияние минеральных удобрений и нормы высева на урожай и масличность семян подсолнечника в условиях Лесостепи Среднего Поволжья

The increase in productivity, quality of sunflower seeds is largely dependent on the optimal doses of fertilizers and plant density in relation to a particular variety and agroclimatic conditions of the region. The aim of our research was to study the effect of the seeding rate and the background of mineral nutrition on the productivity and quality of seeds of Orenbar sunflower hybrid. The application of mineral fertilizers in a dose of N90P60K90 on average for four years ensured the formation of a crop with a planting density of 47 thousand pcs per hectare – 1.536 tons per hectare. As the seeding rate increased to 74 thousand pcs per hectare - the productivity increased by 0.376 tons per hectare and amounted to - 2.839 tons per hectare against the background of mineral fertilizers in the dose of N90P60K90. This variant had the highest oil yield – 1.463.9 kg per hectare.

Динаміка розвитку та продуктивність льону олійного залежно від умов зволоження, удобрення, ширини міжрядь та норм висіву на Півдні України

Динаміка розвитку та продуктивність льону олійного залежно від умов зволоження, удобрення, ширини міжрядь та норм висіву на Півдні України

Вплив елементів біологізації вирощування пшениці озимої на різних фонах мінерального живлення в умовах Південного Степу України

Вплив елементів біологізації вирощування пшениці озимої на різних фонах мінерального живлення в умовах Південного Степу України

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ПРИМЕНЕНИЯ РАСЧЕТНЫХ ДОЗ МИНЕРАЛЬНЫХ УДОБРЕНИЙ НА ЛЮЦЕРНО-РАЙГРАСОВЫХ ЛУГАХ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

The simplest ecologically safe, energetically and economically advantageous direction for solving the problem of feed production is the expansion of the acreage of leguminous perennial grasses, since they are distinguished by high nutritional and digestibility. At the same time, it is impossible to solve the problem of balancing the ration of feeding animals only at the expense of alfalfa seedlings, clover meadow or goatskin, since in them the content of the sum of sugars does not exceed 4-6 percent. Meanwhile, in the dry matter of ryegrass of multi-hulled, the content of the sum of sugars reaches 20 percent or more. In this connection, this article deals with the cultivation of alfalfa-ryegrass stands on the calculated background of mineral nutrition in order to increase the production of energy-saturated feeds balanced by the sugar-protein ratio.

ОПТИМАЛЬНЫЕ НОРМЫ ВЫСЕВА ПОДСОЛНЕЧНИКА РОДНИК В ЗАВИСИМОТИ ОТ ФОНОВ МИНЕРАЛЬНОГО ПИТАНИЯ НА СЕРЫХ ЛЕСНЫХ ПОЧВАХ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

We can expect to receive from 0.81 to 0.97 tons of sunflower oil seeds per hectare in the soil-climatic conditions of the forest-steppe zone of the Middle Volga region without the introduction of mineral fertilizers. As the doses of mineral fertilizers are increased, the productivity of 1 hectare of arable land is increased 2.8 times and the gross collections of oilseeds are 2.14 tons per hectare at the non highest background of mineral nutrition, against 0.86 tons per hectare in the control variant of the experiment (without fertilizers). The optimization of seeding rates of the studied culture is of great importance in the formation of highly productive agrocenoses. In the variants of supplementary supply of plants with nutrients, especially when N98P38K124 is introduced, the seeding rate of 70 thousand pieces per hectare of virgin seeds raises the yield of sunflower by 0.51 tons per hectare (a very solid increase in yield), compared with the sowing rate of 60 thousand pieces per hectare.

Application of elements of organic cropping practice for spring barley under conditions of technogenic load of the Donbas

Purpose. Тo determine the efficiency of using elements of organic cropping practice for spring barley under conditions of technogenic load of the Donbas. Methods. The research was carried out in the State Enterprise “Experimental Farm “Vidrodzhennia” of the Donetsk SАES of the NAAS” in Zaporizhzhia region with the spring barley variety Skhidnyi by conventional cropping practice and with elements of organic one on mineral and organic nutrition backgrounds. In the control, the seeds and crops were treated with only water using conventional technology. Observations, calculations and statistical processing of yield data were carried out according to B. A. Dospekhov. Content of heavy metals was determined by methodological guidelines (1992); grain protein content was determined by titration method (GOST 10864-91). Results. The proposed elements of organic cropping practice (organic background, pre-sowing seed inoculation, crop-spraying in tillering and earing with composition of microbial preparations) increased in the level of crop yield as compared to control by 0.5 t/ha on mineral background and by 0.89 t/ha on organic background. Grain protein content on organic background exceeded the control by 0.74 %, and on mineral one it did by 0.68 %; crude protein content increased by 0.81 % and 0.74 %, respectively. The use of the proposed elements of organic cropping practice of barley spring on both nutrition backgrounds decreased the content of heavy metals in barley grain as compared to control and conventional cropping practice: lead content by 0.04 mg/kg and 0.07 mg/kg, copper content by 0.55 mg/kg and 0.50 mg/kg, zinc content by 5.17 mg/kg and 4.02 mg/kg, respectively. The introduction of elements of organic cropping practice of spring barley on the organic background contributed to high net profit (2,732.4 UAH/ha) and profitability level (64.8 %), and decrease in the cost of products (by 510.3 UAH/t) compared to the control. Conclusions. The using elements of organic cropping practice of spring barley has contributed to crop yield increase as compared to the control both on the of mineral nutrition background and on the organic background as well as raise in protein content and in crude protein content. The content of heavy metals in grain of spring barley has decreased in comparison with the control and conventional technology: on the mineral background by 13–19 %, on the organic background by 14–24 %. The use of elements of the organic cropping practice of spring barley on organic nutrition background led to increase in net profit by 1,844.1 UAH/ha and profitability by 41.9 %.

Сравнительная продуктивность и питательная ценность одновидовых и смешанных посевов фестулолиума и традиционных многолетних трав на дерново-подзолистых почвах Верхневолжья

Цель исследования — разработать адаптивную технологию возделывания смешанных бобово-злаковых травостоев на основе фестулолиума для производства сбалансированных по сахаропротеиновому отношению кормов. Полевые опыты проводили в Ивановской области на стационаре отдела кормопроизводства Ивановского НИИСХ. Закладка полевого опыта была проведена в 2015 году. В результате сравнительного изучения традиционных и новых кормовых культур в одновидовых и смешанных посевах на дерново-подзолистых почвах установлено, что фестулолиум в одновидовых посевах за два укоса обеспечивал в контроле сбор зелёной массы 24,8 т/га, на фоне минерального питания — 33,6 т/га, что в 1,2‒1,3 раза больше, чем тимофеевка, в смешанных посевах с клевером — 68,1 т/га зелёной массы, 9,54 т/га сухой массы, 8630 корм. ед. и 898 кг/га переваримого протеина, с люцерной — соответственно 60,3, 10,3, 8770 и 1050, что на 14‒17% больше, чем в посевах с тимофеевкой. На фоне минерального питания продуктивность клеверо-фестулолиумных смесей составила 71,6 т/га зелёной массы, 10,9 т/га сухого вещества, 9960 корм. ед. и 1009 кг/га переваримого протеина, люцерно-фестулолиумных — 60,3, 10,3, 8770 и 1050 соответственно. В травосмесях с фестулолиумом полученная зелёная масса отличалась высокой питательностью и сбалансированностью по белку и углеводам, содержание переваримого протеина и сахара находилось в пределах физиологической нормы или превосходила её, что нельзя сказать о традиционных травах. The investigation aimed at development of region-specific cultivation technology for legume-gramineous mixtures with festulolium in order to obtain feeds, balanced in sugar-to-protein ratio. Field trials took place in the Ivanovo region in 2015. Competitive testing of conventional and new crops as monocultures and grass mixtures on sod-podzolic soil showed that festulolium monoculture gave 24.8 t ha-1 of green mass for two cuts in the control and 33.6 t ha-1 — after mineral fertilization, exceeding common timothy by 1.2‒1.3 times. Festulolium-clover mixture produced 68.1 t ha-1 of green mass, 9.54 t ha-1 of dry mass, 8630 feed units and 898 kg ha-1 of digestible protein, while festulolium-alfalfa mixture — 60.3, 10.3, 8770 and 1050, respectively, exceeding timothy mixtures by 14‒17%. Clover-festulolium mixture on the background of mineral nutrition provided 71.6 t ha-1 of green mass, 10.9 t ha-1 of dry mass, 9960 feed units and 1009 kg ha-1 of digestible protein, while alfalfa-festulolium combination — 60.3, 10.3, 8770 and 1050, respectively. Green mass of festulolium mixtures had high nutritional value and good balance in protein and carbohydrates. Contents of digestible protein and sugar met physiological standard or exceeded the latter. Conventional grasses showed worse results.

THE SPRING WHEAT YIELD AND GRAIN QUALITY WHEN THE SEEDS ARE INOCULATED BY THE RHIZOARGIN

There were 26 field and micropolish experiments with biological preparations of associative nitrogen-fixing bacteria’ results generalized. Experiences were carried out, yields were recorded, chemical contamination of the spring wheat and agrochemical soil properties were analyzed in accordance with standard methods. The experiences scheme: 1. Р30-90К30-90 (natural level); 2. Natural level + N30; 3. Natural level + biopreparation; 4. Natural level + N30 + biopreparation. The spring wheat seeds were treated by rhyzoargin biopreparation producted in the all – Russian Agricultural Microbiology Research Institute on the basis of stock culture Agrobacterium radiobakter genus. Their use efficiency on spring wheat that was cultivated on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition was determined for the main types of soils that presented at the European part of Russia. It is established that the spring wheat seeds’ inoculation with the biopreparation Rhyzoagrin provides the grain productivity’ increase on the PK-fertilizer’ background: on the black soils – 23%, on the gray forest soils – 14%, on the sod-podzolic soils 13-18%. In the application of the diazotrophs biopreparations the nitrogen utilization from mineral fertilizers is growing in 1.6 times on the Chernozem soils and in 1.2 times on the sod-podzolic soils. Due to the associative nitrogen fixation under the spring wheat 8-10 kg N/ha per year on the sod-podzolic loamy soils and 12 kg N/ha per year on the black soil are accumulated in the European part of Russia.

МИКРОБИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕПАРАТЫ И УДОБРИТЕЛЬНО-СТИМУЛИРУЮЩИЕ СОСТАВЫ В ТЕХНОЛОГИИ ВОЗДЕЛЫВАНИЯ ЗЛАКОВЫХ МНОГОЛЕТНИХ ТРАВ С СОДЕРЖАНИЕМ РАЙГРАСА МНОГОУКОСНОГО НА СЕРЫХ ЛЕСНЫХ ПОЧВАХ ЛЕСОСТЕПИ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

In accordance with the accepted norms for feeding cattle, absolutely dry substance of herbal food should contain 10-12% of digestible protein, 20-22% of fiber, 4-6% of fat, 6-8% of ash and 40-42% of nitrogen-free extractives with exchange energy of 14-16 MJ. Such high quality indicators are leguminous perennial grasses, cultivated on optimal backgrounds of mineral nutrition, which is also characteristic of clover meadow of Ranniy 2 variety. However, only due to the legumes of perennial grasses can not completely solve the problem of balancing the diet of feeding animals, since they differ extremely low content of sugars. Meanwhile, in the dry matter of ryegrass, the content of the sum of sugars reaches 20 percent or more. In this connection, this article deals with the cultivation of clover-ryegrass grass stands on the calculated background of mineral nutrition in order to increase the volume of production of energy-saturated feeds balanced by the sugar-protein ratio.

ФОТОМЕТРИЧЕСКИЕ ПАРАМЕТРЫ РАСТЕНИЙ И УРОЖАЙНОСТЬ ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ, ВЫРАЩЕННЫХ ИЗ СЕМЯН НА РАЗНЫХ ФОНАХ ПИТАНИЯ В УСЛОВИЯХ СЕРЫХ ЛЕСНЫХ ПОЧВ ПРЕДКАМЬЯ

The results of a study on the effect of seeds, grown on different backgrounds of mineral nutrition on the photosynthetic activity of plants and the yield of of spring wheat grain of “Yoldyz” variety are considered. The collection of the dry biological substance of spring wheat plants, grown from seeds on fertilized variants of the experiment, was above the control to 0.71-1.07 g. The collection of organic dry matter is directly related to the increase in the assimilating leaf surface of the offspring from the fertilized backgrounds.