Baby Unit Research Articles

Relationship between Ultrasonographic Brain Findings and Outcomes of Perinatal Asphyxia

Introduction: Perinatal asphyxia is one of the most common causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in most countries of the world. Asphyxia (insufficient oxygen supply) can lead to severe hypoxic ischaemic organ damage in newborns followed by a fatal outcome or severe life-long pathologies. Ultrasound (US) has emerged as a powerful screening tool for the evaluation of a neonate with suspected perinatal asphyxia. Therefore, this study aimed to find a relationship between Ultrasonographic brain findings and immediate outcomes of perinatal asphyxia. Methods: This was a prospective analytical study carried out in the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU), Department of Pediatrics, Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical College Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2018 to June 2018. In our study, we enrolled 200 newborn babies with perinatal asphyxia based on the selection criteria who were admitted to the special care baby unit within 24 hours. Results: The mean ± SD of age was 5.7±1.1 hours. Cranial sonographic findings show that 36.0% had cerebral oedema, 5.0% intraventricular bleeding, 3.0% showed focal cerebral infarction and 53.0% showed normal findings. Out of 164 patients who recovered from the illness, 98 patients had normal USG findings as opposed to 66 patients with abnormal USG. Among the expired cases, all (100%) had abnormal cranial USG findings. Conclusion: In our study, we found that there was a significant association between abnormal cranial USG findings and the immediate outcome of the asphyxiated newborn. The most common abnormality was cerebral oedema and IVH and it carried the highest mortality.

Association of umbilical cord care practices with neonatal infection in Katsina, northwest Nigeria

Background: Significant numbers of neonatal deaths occurring each year are caused by infections that can be directly associated with improper and unhygienic umbilical cord care practices. The objectives of this study were to describe the umbilical cord care practices among mothers whose babies were admitted for suspected sepsis at the Federal Teaching Hospital and Turai Umaru Yar’adua Maternal and Children Hospital Katsina, Nigeria, assess the relationship between umbilical cord care practices and neonatal sepsis, and the influence of home delivery on this relationship. Methodology: This was a hospital-based descriptive observational study of 60 selected neonates with clinical features of sepsis admitted into the special care baby unit (SCBU) of the two hospitals between July and December 2022. The study involved the collection and microbiological analysis of blood samples using the BacT/Alert microbial detection system, and the administration of a structured questionnaire on the mother of each enrollee to collect relevant information about cord care practices. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. The Chisquare (x2) test and Odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval) were used to determine the association of risk factors with culture-confirmed sepsis, and a p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 60 neonates blood samples, 31 (51.7%) were culture-positive for neonatal sepsis while 29 (48.3%) were culture-negative. There was no statistically significant association between risk factors such as application of traditional materials for cord care and place of delivery, and culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis (p>0.05). However, neonates whose mothers use traditional materials for cord care were more likely to develop sepsis than those who do not (OR=2.027, 95% CI=0.716-5.736). Concerning place of delivery, which is an important determinant of umbilical cord hygiene, babies delivered at home were almost 3 times more likely to have culture-confirmed sepsis than those delivered in the hospital (OR=2.975, 95% CI=1.040-8.510). A total of 26 out of the 60 (45.3%) mothers of the neonates agreed to have used unhygienic and traditional materials for cord care, with charcoal (39.0%), local herbs (27.0%), cow dung/urine concoction (19.0%), and others (15.0%), such as lubricants, ash, and balm, being the most commonly used materials for cord care. Conclusion: Neonatal infection is common among newborns in Federal Teaching Hospital and Turai Umaru Yar’adua Maternal and Children Hospital (TUYMCH), Katsina, northwest Nigeria, with a prevalence of culture-confirmed neonatal sepsis of 51.7%. Although there was no statistically significant association between unhygienic cord practices and neonatal sepsis in this study, babies whose mothers use traditional materials for cord care were more likely to develop sepsis. There is a high rate of use of harmful and unhygienic traditional materials for cord care in our environment. This habit can be discouraged through health education using the mass media and health talks in health facilities. The use of chlorhexidine, the recommended antiseptic for cord care by the World Health Organization and the Nigeria Federal Ministry of Health, should be encouraged.

Pattern Of Admission And Outcome Among Neonates Admitted Into The Special Care Baby Unit Of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital, Sokoto, Nigeria

Introduction: The neonatal disease pattern is a sensitive indicator of the availability, utilisation and effectiveness of mother and child health services in the community. Community based data are difficult to come by, so hospital based data most often is use to assess the burden of neonatal problems. Aim: To determine the pattern of morbidity, mortality and outcome of neonates admitted into the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of the Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto from 1 st January 2022 to 31st December 2022. Methods: A hospital-based retrospective review of medical records of neonates admitted into the SCBU of UDUTH, Sokoto from 1 st January, 2022 to 31st December, 2022. Information retrieved included the biodata, place of birth, age at admission, diagnosis, duration of hospital stay and outcome. Data was analysed using SPSS version 22. Results: A total of 818 neonates were admitted during the study period, 393(48.0%) were males and 425(52.0%) were females giving a male to female ratio of 1:1.1. Most 606(74.1%) of the patients were out born. Birth Asphyxia 245(30.0%) was the main reason for admission, followed by prematurity 182(22.3%). Majority 653(79.2%) were discharged, 16(2.0%) left against medical advice, while 149(18.2%) of the admitted patients died. Prematurity related death 61(40.9%) and birth Asphyxia were the leading causes of death respectively. Majority 107(71.8%) of the deaths occur among the out-born. Conclusion: Birth asphyxia and prematurity related complications were the main reasons for neonatal admissions and the leading causes of death in this study. Most of the neonatal deaths were from preventable causes. Strengthening perinatal care, emergency obstetric services, facilities for improved preterm care should be provided in secondary and tertiary health facilities and improving the skills of health care providers on neonatal resuscitation are necessary to reduce neonatal mortality

Acute Kidney Injury Among Asphyxiated Neonates In Sokoto, North West Nigeria

Background: Birth asphyxia and its attendant complications remain a common problem in our neonatal intensive care units. Compelling evidence from various epidemiologic studies shows that Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is indeed one of the commonest complications of birth asphyxia. The kidneys are sensitive to oxygen deprivation, renal insult may occur within few hours of hypoxic-ischemic episode, which if prolonged could lead to irreversible cortical and or tubular necrosis. Aim: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with AKI among asphyxiated term neonates in Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) Sokoto, Nigeria Materials and methods: One hundred and nineteen asphyxiated term neonates admitted into the special care baby unit of UDUTH Sokoto participated in the study. Birth asphyxia was defined as failure to initiate and sustain breathing at birth with Apgar scores ≤ 5 at 5 minutes in the presence of arterial cord blood pH < 7 and base deficit >12mmol. Blood samples were taken for arterial blood gas analysis within one hour of life. Moderately and severely asphyxiated neonates who satisfied the inclusion criteria were consecutively recruited into the study and serum creatinine assay was done on day 3 and day 5 of life. AKI was defined as a rise in serum creatinine ≥ 0.3mg/dl over 48 hours. Quantitative variables such as birth weight, length, occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) were expressed using mean, standard deviation and range, while qualitative variables like gender, mode of delivery and grade of asphyxia were summarised using frequency and percentages. Chisquare and fisher’s exact tests were applied to determine if any relationship exists between sociodemographic/clinical factors and AKI. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 119 asphyxiated term neonates 74 (62.2%) were males while 45 (37.8%) were females giving a M:F ratio of 1.6:1. Majority 96 (80.7%) of the subjects had normal birth weight with a mean birth weight of 3.1 ± 0.6kg. The mean gestational age recorded was 38.2 ± 1.1 months The prevalence of AKI in the study subjects was 42.9%. The grade of birth asphyxia was significantly associated with AKI with a prevalence odds ratio of 7.2 (95CI 2.8-18). Conclusion: The prevalence of AKI in asphyxiated term neonates in UDUTH Sokoto was high and the grade of birth asphyxia was found to be significantly associated with AKI

Pharmacotherapy profile for mothers with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder in a psychiatric mother–baby unit

AbstractBackgroundPharmacotherapy treatment is used to manage women with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder admitted to a mother–baby unit (MBU).AimThe aims of this study were (1) to examine prescribing practices for women with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder in an MBU, (2) to assess alignment with the Mental health care in the perinatal period: Australian clinical practice guideline and (3) to examine the classes of typical and atypical antipsychotics prescribed to mothers with schizophrenia.MethodA retrospective audit of women with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder admitted to a psychiatric MBU, located in Queensland, Australia, was conducted from March 2017–July 2019. The exclusion criteria included women admitted with depression, anxiety, personality disorders, and postpartum psychosis. Pharmacotherapy treatment details were extracted at commencement of admission, mid‐way through admission, and discharge. Descriptive statistics were completed. This project was exempt due to the local policy requirements that constitute research by the Gold Coast Hospital and Health Service Human Research Ethics Committee (Reference no: EX/2023/QGC/102306). The justification for this exemption was as follows: the study was deemed a quality improvement activity and complied with Chapter 2.3 of the National Statement of Ethical Conduct in Research and involved only routinely collected data.ResultsOf the 53 mothers included in the study, 29 (55%) had schizophrenia and 24 (45%) had bipolar affective disorder. In addition, 97% of women with schizophrenia received atypical antipsychotics. Five women (21%) with bipolar affective disorder (mean age = 31.60 years, standard deviation = 6.19 years) were prescribed sodium valproate, with four women given contraception. Sodium valproate or lamotrigine were prescribed to four women (67%) with bipolar affective disorder whilst breastfeeding. Of mothers prescribed lithium, 92% did not breastfeed. Overall, 44% of women involuntarily admitted received antipsychotic depot medication compared with 38% of voluntary patients. Results are discussed in relation to the national guidelines.ConclusionThis is the first naturalistic study to examine the pharmacotherapy management of postpartum women admitted to a psychiatric MBU with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder. The study highlights that prescribing patterns across three time points during admission were generally in alignment with Australian national guidelines.

Should Mother Baby Units be renamed Parent Baby Units? A critical reflection on gendered language in perinatal psychiatry.

Mother Baby Units provide mental health care to parents experiencing severe perinatal mental illness. The majority of admitted parents identify as mothers and are the birthing parent and primary caregiver for their infants. However, there is increasing recognition of transgender and gender diverse people who birth and parent infants, as well as awareness of the mental health needs of fathers, people in same-sex relationships, and other non-birthing parents. As such there are moves to use ungendered language for health services including renaming these units as Parent Baby Units. This paper explores this debate, critically reflecting on emergent tensions. Movements towards, and resistance against, changing language in perinatal mental health care are attempts to ensure the visibility of groups within mainstream services. Whether to adopt new terminology is a complex question. But ensuring MBUs meet the needs of people who require them should remain paramount.

Neonatal acuity tool-defined staffing ratios in a tertiary Australian neonatal intensive care unit.

There is well-established data linking the adequacy of nurse staffing to patient outcomes. Evidence-based standards for staffing are therefore critical to drive improvements in clinical care. One such evidence-based approach is the use of patient acuity-based tools. The objective of this study is to determine the performance of a neonatal acuity tool in an Australian tertiary neonatal health-care setting, focusing on the classification of patient acuity and nursing:patient staffing ratios compared to current practice. Acuity data were collected in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and special care baby unit (SCBU) over a 10-week period in 2023. Patient data were scored in the 16 domains at two time points (prior to morning and evening nursing shift changeover) for all admitted newborns. For ventilated newborns nursed with a nurse:patient staffing ratio of 1:1, 78% of scores were within the L4-high acuity (score ≥ 26) band, with the remaining scores within the L3-high acuity (18-25) band. For newborns on non-invasive respiratory support in NICU staffed 1:1, the proportion scoring within the L4 acuity band was higher in the nasal high-flow group compared to the nasal continuous positive airway pressure group (P = 0.032), an effect not seen for those nursed 1:2 in NICU or for those on nasal high-flow nursed in SCBU either 1:2 or 1:3. This study of how a neonatal acuity classification system compares with current nurse:patient staffing allocations in an Australian tertiary NICU, suggests refinements in staffing ratios for specific patient groups on respiratory support are possible.

Impact of ‘decision-to-delivery’ interval on maternal and perinatal outcomes: a retrospective study of emergency caesarean section from 2017 to 2021 at a secondary health facility in Nigeria

BackgroundThe decision-to-delivery interval (DDI) for a caesarean section is among the factors that reflect the quality of care a pregnant woman receives and the impact on maternal and foetal outcomes and should not exceed 30 min especially for Category 1 National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidelines. Herein, we evaluated the effect of decision-to-delivery interval on the maternal and perinatal outcomes among emergency caesarean deliveries at a secondary health facility in north-central Nigeria.MethodsWe conducted a four-year retrospective descriptive analysis of all emergency caesarean sections at a secondary health facility in north-central Nigeria. We included pregnant mothers who had emergency caesarean delivery at the study site from February 10, 2017, to February 9, 2021.ResultsOut of 582 who underwent an emergency caesarean section, 550 (94.5%) had a delayed decision-to-delivery interval. The factors associated with delayed decision-to-delivery interval included educational levels (both parents), maternal occupation, and booking status. The delayed decision-to-delivery interval was associated with an increase in perinatal deaths with an odds ratio (OR) of 6.9 (95% CI, 3.166 to 15.040), and increased odds of Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) admissions (OR 9.8, 95% CI 2.417 to 39.333). Among the maternal outcomes, delayed decision-to-delivery interval was associated with increased odds of sepsis (OR 4.2, 95% CI 1.960 to 8.933), hypotension (OR 3.8, 95% 1.626 TO 9.035), and cardiac arrest (OR 19.5, 95% CI 4.634 to 82.059).ConclusionThis study shows a very low optimum DDI, which was associated with educational levels, maternal occupation, and booking status. The delayed DDI increased the odds of perinatal deaths, SCBU admission, and maternal-related complications.

Pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy.

This study aimed to compare the pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with and without severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection during pregnancy. Women who delivered in an obstetric unit from March 2022 to October 2022 were recruited. The history of vaccination and SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy was recorded. The pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women with and without SARS-CoV-2 infection were compared. A total of 1015 women were recruited - 41.5% had SARS-CoV-2 infection during pregnancy and 25.2% were unvaccinated. The incidences of preeclampsia, gestational diabetes mellitus and caesarean section were similar between the two groups. There were more preterm deliveries (9.0% vs 5.1%, P = 0.01) and more late preterm deliveries of between 33 and 36 + 6 weeks (6.2% vs. 3.7%, P = 0.03) in the SARS-CoV-2 infection group. There were no statistically significant differences between the two groups in perinatal outcomes, including birthweight, incidence of small for gestational age, low Apgar scores, and neonatal intensive care or special care baby unit admissions. There were no differences in pregnancy and perinatal outcomes between women infected in the first/second trimester and those infected in the third trimester, except for lower mean birthweight (3180 g vs. 3292 g, P = 0.04). There were no major differences in pregnancy outcome between vaccinated and unvaccinated women. The pregnancy and perinatal outcomes of women who were infected with SARS-CoV-2 during gestation appear favourable.

A Ten-Year Review of Neonatal Tetanus Seen in a Tertiary Health Facility in Sokoto North-Western Nigeria: Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic

Background: Neonatal tetanus (NNT) remains among the leading cause of preventable morbidity and mortality among neonates in Nigeria. Nigeria remains among the countries carrying the global NNT burden. At the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, reports have predicted that the pandemic will significantly impact on the health system globally, and low-resource countries where vaccination programs fared even worse are likely to see a surge in vaccine-preventable diseases during and after COVID-19 pandemic. Aims: To determine the prevalence, yearly trend, risk factors, and outcome of NNT cases seen in the Special Care Baby Unit (SCBU) of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH), Sokoto, Nigeria over a ten year period: before and during COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This was a retrospective study. Data was retrieved from all the case notes of neonates admitted with a clinical diagnosis of NNT into the SCBU of the UDUTH, Sokoto from 1st January, 2013 to 31st December, 2022. The data obtained was analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: During the 10 years period of the study, NNT accounted for 0.4% of admissions. The majority 15(57.0%) of the mothers of the neonates with NNT were from rural areas, 15(56.0%) had no antenatal care (ANC), and only 10(37.0%) of the mothers received vaccination against tetanus. All the mothers were from lower socio-economic classes. Most 17(63.0%) of the neonates were delivered at home by traditional birth attendants. The umbilical cord was the portal of entry in 26(96.0%) of cases, while 1(4.0%) followed traditional uvulectomy. Cord care was done using hot water fermentation in more than half of the neonates 17(63.0%), while only 1(4.0%) of the mothers used chlorhexidine gel for cord care. The case- fatality rate was 6(22.0%). the yearly trend showed an increased incidence of NNT admissions in 2022. Conclusion: The study showed that NNT is still a public health problem, with an increased scourge during the COVID-19 pandemic, which can be tackled through health education of mothers via mass media, improving the quality and access to ANC services, tetanus toxoid vaccination, hospital delivery and avoidance of traditional uvulectomy particularly in rural areas by the Sokoto state government. Antenatal and vaccination services should be given priority in response to future pandemics to sustain gains of the SDG 3.

Complexities of midwifery care delivered to perinatal women in prison: A qualitative study

PurposeTo provide insight into the challenges faced by imprisoned perinatal women in accessing appropriate information, support, and care and the importance of the midwife's role in this context. MethodThis paper draws on two studies conducted in one United Kingdom (UK) women's prison over two separate time points (2019, 2021). In both qualitative evaluative studies that were descriptive in nature, semi-structured interviews were conducted with perinatal women and professionals involved in their care. Participants17 women participated across the two qualitative studies, six were pregnant, nine were on the Mother and Baby Unit (MBU) and two had given birth in the last 12 months but were not on the MBU. 12 professionals participated across the two studies. ResultsThe studies highlight the specific challenges that perinatal women in prison face compared to their community counterparts in being able to access reliable information on pregnancy, birth, and parenting; having access to appropriate and reliable peer support and mental health support not only in terms of provision but also in terms of accessibility; and in being able to advocate for themselves or having people that can advocate for them. ConclusionThese challenges arguably heighten the importance of, as well as the pressure on the midwife in this context. The authors therefore highlight the need for consideration of three factors for midwifery in this context: (1) Resourcing (2) Information provision to, and information sharing between, midwives to increase awareness of challenges faced by this cohort, and (3) Strengthening the midwife's position to support and advocate for women's perinatal mental health in prison.

Mother Baby Units: Are They the Ideal Answer for The Baby of a Psychiatrically Ill Mother?

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Glomerular Filtration Rate in Sick Neonates: A Focus on Cystatin C

Background: The use of creatinine as an endogenous marker of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is well-established in clinical practice, despite its limitations. As a step toward limiting this drawback, cystatin C and various biomarkers came into use in determining renal function. In sick neonates, various pathologies may impair renal function thus, underscoring the need for accurate estimation of glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Aims and Objectives: This study aimed at evaluating the use of cystatin C in estimating the GFR of sick neonates in comparison to creatinine. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based descriptive study was conducted at a tertiary center in North Central, Nigeria, for 4 months. One hundred and seventy-three sick neonates admitted into the special care baby unit were recruited. Blood was sampled at admission for determination of serum creatinine and cystatin C levels, while a repeat sample for creatinine was taken 48 hours after. GFR was estimated using the Schwartz formula for creatinine and the Zappitelli equation for cystatin C and compared with an inulin reference. Results: The median (interquartile range [IQR]) eGFR derived from cystatin C was 48.8 (21.0) mL/min/1.73 m2, it was higher than the median creatinine-derived GFR at admission and was of statistical significance. It is also approximated closer to the inulin reference. The median (IQR) eGFR derived from creatinine at admission was 21.2 (21.4) mL/min/1.73 m2. Creatinine-derived eGFR was significantly lower in babies with asphyxia and neonatal sepsis compared to those who did not have these diagnoses. Cystatin C-derived eGFR showed no variation between the various diagnoses. Conclusion: In conclusion, cystatin C is a useful and unbiased determinant of eGFR in sick neonates as compared to creatinine.

Predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates after hospital discharge in a low-resource setting: A case study in Uganda.

Most neonatal deaths occur among low birth weight infants. However, in resource-limited settings, these infants are commonly discharged early which further exposes them to mortality. Previous studies on morbidity and mortality among low birth weight infants after early discharge mainly focused on very low birth weight infants, and none described post-discharge neonatal mortality. This study aimed to determine the proportion and predictors of mortality among low birth weight neonates discharged from the Special Care Baby Unit at Mulago National Referral Hospital in Uganda. This was a prospective cohort study of 220 low birth weight neonates discharged from the Special Care Baby Unit at Mulago National Referral Hospital. These were followed up to 28 completed days of life, or death, whichever occurred first. Proportions were used to express mortality. To determine the predictors of mortality, Cox hazards regression was performed. Of the 220 enrolled participants, 216 (98.1%) completed the follow-up. The mean gestational age of study participants was 34 ±3 weeks. The median weight at discharge was 1,650g (IQR: 1,315g -1,922g) and 46.1% were small for gestational age. During follow-up, 14/216 (6.5%) of neonates died. Mortality was highest (7/34, 20.6%) among neonates with discharge weights less than 1,200g. The causes of death included presumed neonatal sepsis (10/14, 71.4%), suspected aspiration pneumonia (2/14, 14.3%), and suspected cot death (2/14, 14.3%). The median time to death after discharge was 11 days (range 3-16 days). The predictors of mortality were a discharge weight of less than 1,200g (adj HR: 23.47, p <0.001), a 5-minute Apgar score of less than 7 (adj HR: 4.25, p = 0.016), and a diagnosis of neonatal sepsis during admission (adj HR: 7.93, p = 0.009). Post-discharge mortality among low birth weight neonates at Mulago National Referral Hospital is high. A discharge weight of less than 1,200g may be considered unsafe among neonates. Caregiver education about neonatal danger signs, and measures to prevent sepsis, aspiration, and cot death should be emphasized before discharge and during follow-up visits.

Assessment of Neonatal Mortality amongst Sick Neonates in the Special Care Baby Unit of a Tertiary Institution in Orlu, Nigeria

Introduction: Neonatal mortality constitutes more than 41% of under 5 mortality in sub-Saharan Africa, despite advancement in technology and concerted effort aimed at decreasing under-five mortality. This study aims at assessing the risk factors and causes of neonatal mortality among sick infants in the special care baby unit (SCBU); focused at identification of possible areas of improvement in care and result. Methods: A retrospective review of medical records of sick neonates admitted into SCBU of Imo State University Teaching Hospital Orlu. Sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of 214 sick neonates that died was obtained out of the 948 admitted/treated over a five year period (2018-2022). Descriptive statistics was used to summarize data, logistic regression at 95% level of significance was used to determine association between independent variables and neonatal death. Values of p &lt; 0.05 were considered significant. Results: A total of 948 sick neonates were admitted into SCBU, with a neonatal mortality rate of 22.6%. Complications of prematurity 78 (36.7%), severe birth asphyxia 63(29.6%) and neonatal sepsis 31(14.6%) are the leading causes of death with majority of death occurring in the first 24 hours of life 130(60.8%). Low birth weight [OR=2.59 (95% CI 1.84-3.54)], prematurity [OR=2.79 (95% CI 2.03-3.83)] and spontaneous vaginal deliveries [OR=1.85 (95% CI 1.32-2.60)] were positively associated with increased mortality. While Caesarean section as mode of delivery [OR=0.54 (95% CI 0.38-0.76)] and birth weight &gt;2.5-4.0kg [OR=0.46 (95% CI 0.34-0.64)] significantly reduced neonatal mortality. Conclusion: Neonatal mortality rate is still unacceptably high, with complications of prematurity, severe birth asphyxia and neonatal sepsis contributing the highest percentage of poor outcome (death). Low birth weight, prematurity, and spontaneous vaginal deliveries were positively associated with increased mortality. Multidisciplinary measures aimed at reduction of neonatal morbidity and mortality such as improving the utilization of antenatal care services, quality of care at delivery, at the neonatal intensive care unit needs be strengthened.

Complex PTSD Pathway for Kingfisher Mother and Baby Unit

Complex PTSD Pathway for Kingfisher Mother and Baby Unit

Service Evaluation: Yoga Class Benefits for Mental and Physical Health in Mother and Baby Unit

Service Evaluation: Yoga Class Benefits for Mental and Physical Health in Mother and Baby Unit

Equity on the Mother and Baby Unit: An Audit of Detention Rates and Length of Stay According to Ethnicity and English Language Ability

Equity on the Mother and Baby Unit: An Audit of Detention Rates and Length of Stay According to Ethnicity and English Language Ability

Improving Equity of Access for Women Admitted to a Psychiatric Mother &amp; Baby Unit in Kent

Improving Equity of Access for Women Admitted to a Psychiatric Mother &amp; Baby Unit in Kent

Stakeholders’ Experience of Postpartum Psychosis Recovery in UK Mother and Baby Units: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework

Stakeholders’ Experience of Postpartum Psychosis Recovery in UK Mother and Baby Units: A Systematic Review and Conceptual Framework