B4C Particles Research Articles

Strengthening and toughening B4C/Al composites via optimizing the Al2O3 distribution during hot rolling

B4C/Al composites with a high B4C content of 30 wt% were successfully fabricated by hot pressing sintering followed by hot rolling. The influence of hot rolling on the microstructure, mechanical properties, anisotropy and the interfacial conditions of the B4C/Al composites were systematically investigated. The improvement of the interfacial Al2O3 nanoparticles distribution during hot rolling increased both the strength and ductility. After sintering of B4C/Al composites, some Al2O3 nanoparticles aggregated together at the interface between B4C and Al matrix, lowering the interface bonding strength between B4C and Al matrix. The Al2O3 nanoparticles dispersed into the Al grain interior after rolling, leading to a well bonding interface between B4C particles and the Al matrix. In addition, the dispersion of Al2O3 nanoparticles into the Al grain interior contributed to the strength through Orowan strengthening and ductility through the enhancement of dislocation storage ability. The strengthening and toughening mechanisms of the composites are discussed in detail.

Corrosion and Mechanical Properties of Novel AA2024 Matrix Hybrid Nanocomposites Reinforced with B4C and SiC Particles

Corrosion and Mechanical Properties of Novel AA2024 Matrix Hybrid Nanocomposites Reinforced with B4C and SiC Particles

Effect of mechanically modification process on boron carbide synthesis from polymeric precursor method

In this study, a polymeric precursor was synthesized from industrial raw materials by the sol-gel method. The organic components in the polymeric chain structure were separated with the calcination process, and a reactant consisting of carbon and B2O3 was obtained. Mechanically modification process was applied to the reactant by a ball milling, which changed the structure of the reactant. It was observed that this process promoted the crystallinity and decreased the particle size of the reactant. In addition, the bimodal structure of the reactant was transformed to a bicontinuous structure. The reactant and a mechanically modified carbon-based reactant (MMCBR) were applied to heat treatment at 1400–1700 °C for 5 h under argon gas to investigate the effect of mechanically modification process on final products. A non-uniform powder morphology with polyhedral and rod-shaped B4C particles was obtained from reactant and MMCBR. While the B4C powder obtained from the reactant was agglomerated, no agglomeration was observed at the B4C powder obtained from MMCBR. As a result, the B4C powder synthesized in this fashion contained less free carbon as compared to that prepared with MMCBR.

Evaluation of mechanical behaviour and tensile failure analysis of 8 wt.% of nano B4C particles reinforced Al2214 alloy nano composites

The microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2214-8 wt.% of 500 nm sized B4C particles reinforced composites were studied in this study. By using a liquid metallurgical process, composites containing 8 wt.% of B4C in Al2214 alloy were created. To increase the wettability and dispersion of the composites, fortification particles were warmed to 300 °C and then added in groups of two into the vortex of liquid Al2214 alloy compound. ASTM standards were used to analyse the mechanical characteristics of Al2214 alloy and Al2214-8 wt.% of B4C composites. The distribution and presence of nano B4C particles in the Al2214 alloy matrix were confirmed by microstructural analysis using SEM and EDS. XRD patterns indicated the presence of the B4C phases in Al2214 alloy composites. The addition of 8 wt.% of B4C particles to Al2214 alloy improved its hardness, ultimate, yield, and compression strength. Furthermore, the presence of B4C particles reduced the ductility of the Al2214 alloy. The tested materials were subjected to tensile fractography to determine the various fracture mechanisms.

Mechanical characterizations of the fabricated AA 6061 based composites reinforced with B4C particulates

Aluminium metrics based aluminium alloys have numerous applications in the field of manufacturing technology. The aluminium alloys having three platforms of industrial applications which are widely used in electronics goods, ground transportation and aerospace engineering. To enhance the mechanical performance of this aluminium alloys can be developed by reinforcing with ceramics such as SiC, MgO, Gr Al2O3 to achieve the desirable properties of the materials. The present study deals with the synthesis of AA 6061 based matrix composites were synthesized using stir casting route and reinforced the content of B4C/15% by weight along with varied particulate sizes were used. The enhancement in mechanical properties has been energizing in the base alloy subsequent to addition of B4C particulates in the composites. The micro-hardness, ultimate tensile strength tests and SEM analysis are to be performed in this study.

Macro-hardness and corrosion behavior of silicon carbide or boron carbide reinforced AA5052 MMC

Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) enhance the mechanical and tribological properties according to the composition of the particulate reinforcement of Silicon Carbide (SiC) or Boron Carbide (B4C) and AA5052 aluminum alloy matrix. The MMC samples were fabricated by stir casting method of the liquid processing route. The same weight percentages (5 wt. %) and same particle size (63μm) of both SiC and B4C particulates are used to develop two different MMC samples. The hardness and corrosion tests were conducted to estimate the enhanced properties of the fabricated composites. The macro-hardness test and the immersion corrosion test were carried out by using a Vickers hardness tester at an applied load of 5kgf in accordance with ASTM E92 and a 3.5% NaCl solution in accordance with ASTM G31, respectively. With the help of optical microscopy, the corroded surfaces were analyzed. The results obtained from the investigation show that AA5052/B4C MMC gives better hardness and AA5052/SiC MMC shows higher corrosion rate compared to the other two samples.

Effect of B4C particle reinforcement on tensile properties of Al7075/B4C composites

The tensile properties of the composite materials are of most interest in the application of composite materials in specific environment. The production of composite material plays an important part in deciding the mechanical properties of the composite material. The process parameters selected during the manufacturing of composite material decides the tensile properties of the material. This work is oriented towards developing a new composite material with Aluminium 7075 as the matrix material and reinforcing it with boron carbide as the reinforcing material. The reinforcement substantial is varied in weight percentage and the tensile strength is studied at different compositions for better results. High purity Al7075 is reinforced with 5%, 10% and 15% weight with commercial grade boron carbide. The results demonstrate that the B4C particulates are dispersed in Al7075 matrix phase. With increasing reinforcement weight fraction, tensile strength decreases initially and increases. From ANOVA it has been found that mixing time and B4C weight percentage have more influence on tensile strength. Maximum tensile strength obtained at mixing time of 9 min, B4C weight percent of 15% and with reinforcement particle size of 9 mm.

Effect of eggshell waste and B4C particles on the mechanical and tribological properties of Al7075 alloy developed by friction stir processing

The waste and hazardous materials have the potential to be used as reinforcement materials in the development of metal matrix composites (MMCs). In this regard, aluminium based MMCs have increased demand than conventionally manufactured materials due to their high strength to weight ratio, low cost and wear resistance. In this work, an attempt is made to develop the surface composite of Al7075 alloy by utilizing carbonized, ball-milled waste eggshell powder (ESP) and B4C particles as reinforcements through the solid-state friction stir processing technique. Three different samples are developed with volume percentages of 2%, 4%, and 6% of ESP/B4C particles. The developed surface composites are validated by light microscopic images, FE-SEM images linked with EDS mapping and distribution of reinforced particles. The microstructural image shows the uniform distribution of the reinforced particles. The specimens are also characterized by their mechanical and tribological properties like tensile test with fracture analysis, hardness test and wear loss supported by worn-out surface analysis. The result revealed that while increasing the reinforcement volume percentage, an increase in mechanical properties of the developed composites is found. The maximum ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and Brinell hardness number (BHN) obtained in the study are 355 MPa and 167 BHN, respectively for the developed composites AA7075/ 6% eggshell/B4C. The minimum wear loss was observed to be 2.5 to 6.2 × 10–3 g at a sliding distance of 600 m for a 6% reinforced sample.

Optimization of magnesium ZK60A/SiC/B4C hybrid composite fabricated by friction stir processing

Friction stir processing (FSP) is a surface modification approach that may enhance microstructures, and remove processing flaws. Thereby to improve mechanical properties like strength, ductility, corrosion-resistant and fatigue, FSP was introduced. In this research, microstructural analysis, hardness, and optimization of developed magnesium hybrid composite were analyzed using process parameters i.e. tool tilt angle (10,20,30), %wt. of reinforcement (SiC/B4C), and rotational speed (600, 1000, 1400 rpm). High-speed steel (HSS) tool is used having a threaded pin with scrolled shoulder (TPSS). The results revealed that SiC and B4C particles are uniformly distributed in the Mg matrix. No defects were observed. To enhance the process variables, L9 orthogonal array was implemented. Weight percentage has more impact on hardness as compared to tool tilt angle and rotational speed. The acceptable mean value of hardness (µHD) is 90.35 HRB.

Impact of B4C reinforcement on tensile and hardness properties of Al-B4C metal matrix composites

As compared to unreinforced alloys, metal matrix composites (MMCs) have considerably better properties such as extraordinary specific strength, damping power, precise modulus, and strong wear resistance. There has been an increase in research into producing composites with small density and low cost reinforcements, as well as their capability to be manufactured using traditional approaches. A Toughening of aluminum metal matrixes is achieved by reinforcing them with hard ceramic particles such as Sic, Al2O3, and B4C, among others. The current study aims to improve the mechanical properties of AMCs such as rigidity and hardness by supporting the 6061Al structure with B4C particles. Aluminum lattice was made up with boron carbide average particulates of 40 µm sizes using a combination projecting course. Fabricated AMCs' microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. The SEM and optical microstructure of the composites demonstrates the homogeneous scattering of B4C particles. Tensile strength and hardness Properties were found to proliferation as weight percent of B4C was increased.

Development of Al6061-B4C Composite and Study the Effect of Heat Treatment on its Mechanical Properties

Aluminum composites are growing in demand as an advanced material in aerospace industries, automobile industries, marine applications and structural applications. In the current work, an attempt has been made to study the mechanical properties of the monolithic AA6061 alloy, it’s composite by reinforcing B4C (4wt%) particles and T6 heat treated composite on the same ground. Al6061-B4C composite was developed by stir casting method and uniform distribution of particles were observed throughout the bulk which was confirmed by SEM-EDS. Subsequently T6 heat treatment was done on composite. Reinforcement in the matrix increase the hardness value of base alloy by 21.3%. The hardness value of heat-treated Al6061-B4C composite was found to be increased by 20.5% than that of non-heat-treated composite which may be due to formation of coherent Mg2Si precipitates. The presence of B4C particles and gas porosity in the matrix of aluminum alloy tend to decrease the value of impact strength of composite and heat-treated composite.

Сравнительный анализ горения частиц бора, карбида бора, нитрида бора и углерода в воздухе

Combustion models of main components of condensed combustion products (CCP) of boron-containing solid propellants: boron, boron carbide, boron nitride, and carbon are analyzed. Using the known experimental data, the parameters of the combustion model of boron carbide and boron nitride particles are determined. Using the models of combustion of boron, B4C, BN and carbon particles, parametric calculations of the combustion of both individual abovementioned particles and their mixture, which simulates the composition of the CCP of boron-containing solid propellant, have been carried out. Calculations have shown that combustion of BN has the least effect on the completeness of CCP combustion. This is due to its low calorific value and low content in CCP. Ceteris paribus, carbon particles burn the fastest; however, their contribution to the completeness of CCP combustion is less than that of boron and boron carbide due to their lower calorific value.

Titanium Boride and Titanium Silicide Phase Formation by High Power Diode Laser Alloying of B4c and Sic Particles with Ti: Microstructure, Hardness and Wear Studies

Titanium Boride and Titanium Silicide Phase Formation by High Power Diode Laser Alloying of B4c and Sic Particles with Ti: Microstructure, Hardness and Wear Studies

Studies on mechanical behaviour and tensile fractography of boron carbide particles reinforced Al8081 alloy advanced metal composites

Metal composites are advanced materials in the field of automotive and aero applications like wing root fittings of an aircraft. Al8081 alloy with 3 and 6 wt% of micro B4C composites were produced with vortex process. The prepared Al8081 with micro B4C composites were microstructural characterized by SEM micrographs. Further, mechanical behaviors of these composites were studied to know the influence of boron carbide particles on hardness and tensile properties of Al8081 alloy. SEM micrographs revealed the uniform distribution of particles in the Al8081 matrix. The hardness of Al8081 alloy was enhanced with the addition of B4C particles. Ultimate and yield strengths were improved with the incorporation of hard boron carbide particles with slight decrease in ductility. Tensile fractured surfaces revealed the ductile mode of fracture in Al8081 alloy and B4C added composites exhibited both ductile and brittle nature of fracture.

Effects of pack boriding and induction boriding on the dry sliding wear behavior of high speed steel

In this research work, the effects of pack boriding and induction boriding are investigated experimentally using dry sliding pin on disc wear test. Pack boriding and induction boriding can offer hardness in the range of 1650 HV–2500 HV which is 3.5–4 times higher than that of the hardness of the plain HSS. Induction boriding has the ability offer high hardness in the range of 1850 HV to 2500 HV which is slightly higher than the hardness of pack boriding due to the presence of B4C particles present on the surface. Pack boriding and induction boriding reduces wear significantly when compared to the plain HSS. The wear performance of induction borided specimens is comparably as good as the pack borided specimens at 1 kg and 2 kg loads. However, induction borided specimens exhibit better wear performance at 3 kg load.

Investigation on the Wire Electric Discharge Machining Performance of artificially aged Al6061/B4C composites by Response Surface Method

Present research work is focused on investigation of material removal rate in Wire-ED Machining (EDM) of artificially aged Al-6061/ B4C reinforced composites with 2-6 wt.% in peak aged condition. Combined effect of B4C and artificial aging at 100°C improved the hardness by 20 - 170% under as cast and artificially aged condition. Initially the wire EDM experiments are conducted on Al6061 alloy and then the process parameters such as current, pulse-on time (ton) and pulse-off time (toff) are optimized to obtain the high material removal rate (MRR). At optimized conditions test samples with various % of B4C are machined to study their influence on MRR. The study revealed that current and toff had a significant influence. MRR increased as current is increased and it decreased as toff is increased. Maximum MRR at optimum settings, current : 5.53 A, Toff: 10 µs and Ton: 36.46 µs is 2.45 mg/min. Considering the limitation of the experimental set up the modified optimum settings (Toff: 10 µs, Ton: 30 µs and current : 5 A) resulted in average MRR of 2.39 mg/min with deviation of 0.20 mg/min. The study showed that there is no significant difference in MRR and the morphology of the machined surface with respect to test samples of different % of B4C particles as reinforcement in Al6061 composite.

Optimization of FSW parameters to improve the hardness of AA 6061/Boron nitrides and AA 6061/Boron carbide composite joints

Aluminum matrix composites were created by adding silicon carbide (B4C) and silicon nitride (B4N) particles to AA6061 (AMCs). Using these AMCs requires the use of a suitable joining technique and the selection of relevant parameters. Friction stir welding (FSW) was used to appropriately fuse AA6061/B4C/5 wt%, AA6061/B4C/10 wt%, AA6061/B4C/15 wt% and AA6061/B4N/5 wt%, AA6061/B4N/10 wt%, and AA6061/B4N/15 wt% composite plates. An orthogonal array of Taguchi was used for experiments and parameter adjustment. For AA6061 B4C and AA6061/B4N composites, tool rotation speed, welding speed, and tool tilt angle all had an effect on the hardness of the weld zone. Stirring zone properties were improved by the homogeneous spreading of B4C particles and the spheroidization and spreading of silicon needles. It was discovered that the presence and pinning effect of hard B4N particles enhances the hardness of FSW joints. AA6061/B4C composite weld nuggets had a larger increase in micro hardness compared to AA6061/B4N composite weld nuggets, which had a smaller increase. In this study, the FSW parameters were optimized for successful welding and maximum hardness of AA6061/B4C and AA6061/B4N composites. The results of this study will be used to improve the FSW properties of components built from these composites and to make FSW joints as hard as possible.

Influence of Al2O3 and B4C Particles Addition on the Mechanical Characterization of Al6061 Alloy Hybrid Metal Composites

In this paper, an impact of Al2O3 and B4C particles addition on the mechanical properties of Al6061 alloy has been studied. Al6061 alloys with 5% wt. of Al2O3 and 9% wt. of B4C particles reinforced composites were fabricated by vortex method with novel two sate reinforcement addition procedures. Al6061-Al2O3-B4C hybrid composites were subjected to microstructural characterization using SEM, EDS and XRD patterns. SEMs of Al6061 alloy with 5% wt. Al2O3-9%wt. B4C hybrid composites revealed thorough circulation of particles in the Al matrix, EDS and XRD patterns confirms the various elements and phases in hybrid composites. Further, these composites were evaluated for hardness, tensile and impact behaviour as per ASTM standards. Dual particles reinforced hybrid composites were exhibited superior hardness, tensile and impact properties with reduction in ductility. Fractography analysis was carried out on tensile and impact fractured specimens using SEM to know the impact of dual particles on the fracture behaviour of Al6061 alloy. The developed composites are superior in strength to weight ratio hence can be utilized for automotive applications to replace conventional materials.

Microstructural Evaluation and Mechanical Behaviour of Nano B4C Reinforced Al7475 Alloy Metal Composites

This paper details the synthesis of Al7475 alloy with 8% wt. of nano B4C particulate metal matrix composites using the liquid metallurgy technique. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) of the synthesized composites demonstrates the uniform dispersion of the reinforced nano B4C particles throughout the matrix. EDS spectrums confirmed the various elements present in Al7475-B4C composites. Hardness, tensile and compression tests were carried out to find out the impact of nano B4C on various mechanical properties of the composites. Synthesized composites had a greater hardness, tensile and compression strength with the incorporation of B4C particles. Tensile failure analysis was studied using SEM images of fractured surfaces.

An Investigation on the Mechanical Properties of Aluminium 6061 Alloy Reinforced with Boron Carbide and Silicon Carbide

Abstract: Aluminium alloys are widely utilised in the aerospace and automobile industries due to their low density and strong mechanical qualities, as well as their superior corrosion and wear resistance and low thermal coefficient of expansion as compared to traditional metals and alloys. These material’s superior mechanical qualities and inexpensive production costs make them an appealing alternative for a wide range of scientific and technical applications. In this study, we strive to present a literature review on the overall performance of reinforced composites created by the stir casting method, as well as the effect of process factors on the properties of Aluminium-based MMC. The literature review framework in this paper provides a clear overview that the process parameters play important role for optimum properties of Aluminium based Metal Matrix Composites. As reinforcing elements in Metal Matrix Composites, Boron Carbide and Silicon Carbide play an important role. The MMCs were successfully produced using the liquid metallurgy process. Scanning electron microscopy was used to examine the morphology and microstructure of Al-B4C and Al-SiC composites. The addition of 2, 4 and 6 wt% B4C and SiC particles increased several mechanical parameters such as ultimate tensile strength and hardness. It was also discovered that the mechanical behaviour of B4C particulates AMC is superior to that of SiC particulates AMC. Keywords: Aluminum, Metal matrix composite, SiC, B4C, Tensile test, Hardness test and SEM Analysis.