Beta-hydroxy-beta-methylbutyrate Research Articles

Protein Supplementation with Short Peptides Prevents Early Muscle Mass Loss after Roux-en-Y-Gastric Bypass.

Introduction: A significant reduction in fat-free mass (FFM) following bariatric surgery (BS) has been reported, and adequate protein intake is recommended for FFM preservation. Current guidelines of nutritional management after BS recommend complex protein (CP) compounds. However, Roux-en-Y-gastric bypass (RYGB) has a negative impact on CP digestion, leading to protein malabsorption. At present, there is no data regarding the impact of early supplementation with short peptide-based (SPB) or hydroxy methylbutyrate (HMB)-enriched formulas on the evolution of the FFM after the BS. Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of nutritional products based on CP, HBM-enriched, or SPB formulas on the FFM of patients that undergo RYGB. Material and methods: This is a prospective interventional study, including three groups of patients (according to the type of protein product) as candidates for BS, recruited between December 2021 and April 2022, matched by age, gender, and BMI. All patients underwent evaluations at baseline and one month post-BS, including: medical history, physical and anthropometric evaluation, bioimpedance, and biochemical analysis. Results: A total of 60 patients were recruited: 63% women, mean age 43.13 ± 9.4 years, and BMI 43.57 ± 4.1 kg/m2. The % of FFM loss from total weight loss (TWL) was significantly lower in the SPB group than CP and HMB groups despite the major %TWL in this group (40.60 ± 17.27 in CP, 34.57 ± 13.15 in HMB, and 19.14 ± 9.38 in SPB, p < 0.001). TWL% was 9.98 ± 1.82 vs. 9.83 ± 2.71 vs. 13.56 ± 4.30, p < 0.001, respectively. Conclusion: In our study, the SPB supplementation prevented almost 50% FFM lost from the TWL than the CP- or HMB-enriched compounds at one month post-BS. These results are significant in the setting of muscle mass preservation after the BS, and have the potential to change the current guidelines for the management of nutritional supplementation after BS.

The Effects of Protein and Supplements on Sarcopenia in Human Clinical Studies: How Older Adults Should Consume Protein and Supplements.

Sarcopenia is a condition in which muscle mass, strength, and performance decrease with age. It is associated with chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension, and contributes to an increase in mortality. Because managing sarcopenia is critical for maintaining good health and quality of life for the elderly, the condition has sparked concern among many researchers. To counteract sarcopenia, intake of protein is an important factor, while a lack of either protein or vitamin D is a major cause of sarcopenia. In addition, essential amino acids, leucine, β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB), creatine, and citrulline are used as supplements for muscle health and are suggested as alternatives for controlling sarcopenia. There are many studies on such proteins and supplements, but it is necessary to actually organize the types, amounts, and methods by which proteins and supplements should be consumed to inhibit sarcopenia. In this study, the efficacy of proteins and supplements for controlling sarcopenia according to human clinical studies is summarized to provide suggestions about how the elderly may consume proteins, amino acids, and other supplements.

Dietary β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate supplementation of sows improves litter performance and colostrum production in a dose-dependent manner

The inclusion of β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate (HMB) in sow diets can improve sow and piglet pre-weaning performance. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was a dose-dependent effect of HMB supplementation of sows in gestation on litter and piglet performance to weaning and on colostrum production. A total of 140 (Large White × Landrace [JSR Genepacker 90, JSR, UK]) multiparous sows were allocated to one of four treatments. There was a control treatment (CT) which was supplemented with HMB at the following doses to create four treatments: 0 (CT + 0), 5 (CT + 5), 15 (CT + 15) or 45 (CT + 45) mg/kg of the sow’s body weight. Sows were fed their treatments from d 100 of gestation until parturition. Feeding sows increasing doses of HMB increased total live born litter weight and average piglet 24-h weight in a quadratic manner (P < 0.001 and P = 0.004, respectively). This quadratic pattern remained significant for litter and piglet weights at week one (P = 0.021 and P = 0.021, respectively) and a trend for litter weights at weaning (P = 0.056). There were quadratic increases in colostrum intake (P = 0.005) and yield (P = 0.004) in response to increased doses of HMB. Additionally, the IgG concentration of colostrum increased linearly up to the highest dose tested (P = 0.002). Mortality within the first 24-h of farrowing was reduced in a quadratic manner (P = 0.045) and this remained a trend at weaning (P = 0.055). Overall, increasing the dose of HMB fed to sows for the last 15 days of gestation increased litter and piglet weights and colostrum yield quadratically and increased colostrum IgG level linearly which in turn contributed towards reduced mortality to weaning.

RESPOSTAS HORMONAIS INDUZIDAS POR EXERCÍCIOS À ADMINISTRAÇÃO DO HMB: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA E META-ANÁLISE

ABSTRACT Introduction: The β-hydroxy β-methyl butyrate (HMB) is an amino acid leucine metabolite with several ergogenic benefits. It is known that it can benefit testosterone and cortisol concentration in athletes. However, no systematic review and meta-analysis has focused on the effects of HMB supplementation on testosterone and cortisol in trained athletes. Objectives: The meta-analysis evaluates the effect of HMB supplementation on testosterone and cortisol in trained athletes and verifies conflicting results between studies. Methods: A systemic review was performed in Scopus, Medline, and Google scholar databases of articles published until August 2021. The Cochrane Collaboration tool was used to assess the risk of bias and assess the quality of the studies. Random effects model, weighted mean difference (WMD), and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to estimate the overall effect. Results: Although the meta-analysis showed that HMB consumption does not alter cortisol and testosterone concentration, subgroup analysis based on exercise type exhibited a significant decrease in cortisol concentration in resistance training exercises (P&lt;0.05) and a significant increase in testosterone concentration in combined aerobic and anaerobic sports (P&lt;0.05). Conclusion: The results indicate that HMB supplementation in athletes can reduce cortisol concentration in endurance exercise and increase testosterone concentration in combined aerobic and anaerobic exercise. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.

Extending the benefit of nutrition intervention beyond the operative setting.

To provide an update of the recent evidence on the potential of perioperative nutritional interventions to benefit adult patients undergoing head and neck and digestive procedures. Perioperative nutrition within multimodal prehabilitation programs improve postoperative outcomes. Perioperative fasting time can be reduced with beverages containing carbohydrate alone or blended with a nitrogenous source such as whey protein; this approach seems to be safe and improve outcome. The choice of protein-containing formula, as well as diet composition to be recommended early during the postoperative refeeding, can be optimized to reduce complications. Sarcopenia is an important risk factor for surgical patients, as such, prehabilitation along with preoperative nutrition is strongly advised. Perioperative supplementation with β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate to mitigate sarcopenia requires further investigation. Although perioperative nutritional interventions reduce healthcare costs, recent data suggest it has been scarcely prescribed. Nutritional intervention is key in multimodal programs of enhanced recovery after surgery to ensure better outcomes. Perioperative fasting should be shortened, and include clear fluids containing carbohydrates and protein, especially in the early postoperative period. Multimodal prehabilitation is key to mitigate sarcopenia. Action to improve knowledge on the cost-effectiveness of nutritional interventions in the perioperative setting are needed.

Aerobic oxidation of isoprene glycol with platinum-bismuth nanoparticles catalysts supported on metal oxides

β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) is expected as a promising therapeutic agent or a supplement. For industrial production of HMB, Pt-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of isoprene glycol is a potent synthetic method. However, the previous report using Pt-Bi catalyst supported on active carbon suffered from low tolerance to high substrate concentration conditions, which leads to low volumetric productivity. Herein, we report aerobic oxidation of isoprene glycol using Pt-Bi catalysts supported on ZrO2 or TiO2, showing high tolerance to the high substrate concentration conditions. In addition, these catalysts exhibited high recyclability. Scanning transmission electron microscopy analyses suggested the Pt-Bi species supported on ZrO2 or TiO2 are less likely to aggregate than those supported on activated carbon. Additionally, these metal oxides supported catalysts showed lower metal leaching than the carbon supported catalysts. Besides, the results of the various control experiments indicated the prevention of dehydration of an aldehyde intermediate is important for further improvement.

The Effect of Short-term Beta-hydroxy Beta-methylbutyrate Supplementation on Serum Immunoglobulin A and G Levels in Male Wrestlers Following an Exhaustive Exercise: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Exercise training has been shown to induce transient changes in immunity responses. Researchers have reported conflicting results about the effect of vigorous exercise training on immunoglobulins levels. Due to the lack of consistent existing findings as well as the lack of sufficient studies to clarify some of the ambiguities associated with scientific inconsistencies, this study aimed to examine the effect of short-term beta-hydroxy-beta-methyl butyrate (HMB) supplementation on serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) levels in male wrestlers after an exhaustive exercise. Methods: In this randomized clinical trial conducted at the IKIU Sports Physiology Laboratory in Qazvin, Iran, January 2019, 16 wrestlers completed an informed consent form and, then, were randomly divided into two groups (i.e., the supplement group (n=8) and the control group (n=8)). The supplement group received daily 40 mg/kg body weight HMB supplement over two weeks (about 3 g/day). As for the control group, starch was used as a placebo. Blood samples were obtained from the subjects to measure the serum immunoglobulin in five phases, including the pre-supplementation, before, immediately after, 1 hour after, and 24 hours after the exercise protocol. "Bruce test until exhaustion" was adopted as the exercise protocol in this study. Data analysis was performed by using repeated measure analysis and SPSS 24 software. Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the groups regarding the effects of supplementation of HMB on IgG (P=0.75) and IgA (P=0.56) levels. However, significant changes were observed in the levels of IgA (P=0.049) and IgG (P=0.001) in the groups. Conclusion: According to the study results, It was suggested that the use of HMB supplementation at the dose used in this study may not have significantly affected the IgG and IgA levels after an exhaustive activity. However, it was recommended that further studies be carried out in this area to produce more consistent findings and clarify the ambiguities about the given issue.

Goat Milk Foodomics. Dietary Supplementation of Sunflower Oil and Rapeseed Oil Modify Milk Amino Acid and Organic Acid Profiles in Dairy Goats.

The dietary supplementation of vegetable oils is known to improve the dietary energy density as well as milk fatty acid profile; however, the impacts on the milk foodome is largely unknown. This study investigated the effect of two different sources of unsaturated fatty acids, rapeseed oil and sunflower oil, as a feeding supplement on the milk foodome from dairy goats. Nine Danish Landrace goats at 42 ± 5 days in milk were allocated to three treatment groups for 42 days with three animals per group. A control group received a basal diet made of forage and concentrate at an 85:15 ratio. On top of the basal diet, the second and third groups received rapeseed oil or sunflower oil supplements at 4% of dry matter, respectively. Goat milk was sampled on days 14, 21, and 42. The milk foodome was measured using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The milk levels of 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid, oxaloacetic acid, and taurine were higher in the milk from goats fed with sunflower oil compared to the control group. More glucose-1-phosphate was found in the milk from goats fed with rapeseed oil compared to the control group. Amino acids, valine and tyrosine, and 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid and oxaloacetic acid were higher in the sunflower group compared to the rapeseed group, while the milk from the rapeseed-fed goats had greater levels of ethanol and 2-oxoglutaric acid compared to the sunflower group. Thus, results show that foodomics is suitable for studying how milk chemistry changes as a function of feeding regime.

Effects of β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on muscle mass, function, and other outcomes in patients with cancer: a systematic review.

Low muscle mass is prevalent among patients with cancer and a predictor of adverse clinical outcomes. To counteract muscle loss, β‐hydroxy β‐methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation has been proposed as a potential therapy for older adults and various diseases states. This systematic review aimed to investigate the effects and safety of HMB supplementation in relation to muscle mass and function and other clinical outcomes in patients with cancer. A systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Scopus, ProQuest, and grey literature for reports published from inception to December 2021 was conducted. Included studies provided supplements containing any dose of HMB to adult patients with active cancer. A synthesis without meta‐analysis was conducted using a vote‐counting approach based solely on the direction of the effect (i.e. regardless of statistical significance). Risk of bias was assessed for each outcome domain, and evidence from higher‐quality studies (i.e. those with either low or moderate risk of bias) was examined. Safety was evaluated using both lower‐quality and higher‐quality studies. Fifteen studies were included, in which six were randomized controlled trials in patients with various cancer types and treatments. Studies prescribed HMB combined with amino acids (73.3%), HMB in oral nutritional supplements (20.0%), or both supplement types (6.7%); Ca‐HMB doses of 3.0 g/day were provided in 80.0% of the studies. Four studies had high risk of bias across all outcome domains. Considering the higher‐quality studies, evidence of a beneficial effect of HMB supplementation was found in four of four studies for muscle mass, two of two for muscle function, three of three for hospitalization, and five of seven for survival. In contrast, no beneficial effects of HMB on quality of life or body weight was found in two of four and three of five studies, respectively. A limited number of higher‐quality studies evaluating the impact of HMB on cancer therapy‐related toxicity, inflammation, and tumour response were observed. No serious adverse effects directly related to the nutrition intervention were reported. Although limited, current evidence suggests that HMB supplementation has a beneficial effect on muscle mass and function in patients with cancer. Well‐designed trials are needed to further explore the clinical benefit of HMB supplementation in this patient population.

Biomarker Changes in Response to a 12-Week Supplementation of an Oral Nutritional Supplement Enriched with Protein, Vitamin D and HMB in Malnourished Community Dwelling Older Adults with Sarcopenia.

Malnutrition and sarcopenia commonly overlap and contribute to adverse health outcomes. Previously, chronic supplementation with two oral nutritional supplements (ONS), control (CONS) and experimental ONS enriched with protein, vitamin D and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB) (EONS), improved muscle strength and quality in malnourished sarcopenic older adults, with EONS demonstrating early strength benefits at 12 weeks. To understand the underlying biological mechanisms contributing to the observed early strength benefits of EONS, we examined serum biomarker changes in response to 12-week supplementation. Serum samples (EONS (n = 90) and CONS (n = 103)) collected at baseline and 12 weeks were analyzed. Biomarkers (n = 243) were measured using multiplexed immunoassay, commercial immunoassays and ELISAs. Sixty markers were excluded with levels below assay detection limits. Sixteen biomarkers significantly changed in response to both interventions including nutritional and metabolic markers. Thirteen biomarkers significantly changed in response to EONS but not CONS. Increases in immunoglobulins, myoglobin, total protein, vitamin E and magnesium were observed with EONS. Inflammation-related ferritin and osteopontin decreased, while soluble receptors for cytokines increased, suggesting decreased inflammation. Sex hormone-binding globulin associated with sarcopenia also decreased with EONS. Biomarkers reflective of multiple biological systems were impacted by nutritional intervention in sarcopenic older adults. Incremental biomarker changes were observed in response to EONS containing HMB that possibly link to improvements in skeletal muscle health.

Effects of β-Hydroxy β-Methylbutyrate Supplementation on Working Memory and Hippocampal Long-Term Potentiation in Rodents.

β-hydroxy β-methylbutyrate (HMB), a metabolite of the essential amino acid leucine, has been shown to preserve muscle mass and strength during aging. The signaling mechanism by which HMB elicits its favorable effects on protein metabolism in skeletal muscle is also preserved in the brain. However, there are only a few studies, all at relatively high doses, addressing the effect of HMB supplementation on cognition. This study evaluated the effects of different doses of HMB on the potentiation of hippocampal synapses following the experimental induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampus of behaving rats, as well as on working memory test (delayed matching-to-position, DMTP) in mice. HMB doses in rats were 225 (low), 450 (medium), and 900 (high) mg/kg body weight/day and were double in mice. Rats who received medium or high HMB doses improved LTP, suggesting that HMB administration enhances mechanisms related to neuronal plasticity. In the DMTP test, mice that received any of the tested doses of HMB performed better than the control group in the overall test with particularities depending on the dose and the task phase.

Assessing the Impact of Specialized Oral Nutrition Supplementation Use on Wound Healing

Research Objectives Assess utilization and impact of a specialized oral nutrition supplement (ONS) containing arginine, glutamine, and hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) on wound healing. Design Retrospective analysis comparing treatment group (51 patients, 161 wounds) receiving standard care plus a specialized ONS for ≥14 days and comparison group (136 patients, 263 wounds) receiving standard care. Between group differences evaluated using t-tests and mixed models with inverse probability weighting. Setting Inpatient rehabilitation hospital. Participants 187 adult patients admitted between 1/2018-12/2019 with ≥1 measured wound and ≥2 wound care nurse assessments. Interventions Specialized oral nutrition supplement administered for 14 days. Main Outcome Measures Wound healing was measured in weekly intervals by decrease in wound surface area (superficial) or volume (non-superficial) in past 1 week. Results While no age differences were reported between groups (50.9 vs 51.0 years, p=1.0), the treatment group had a higher percentage of male patients (90.2% vs 69.9%, p<0.01). Treatment group patients had more wounds (3.3 vs 2.0, p<0.01), lower functional independence measure scores (35.7 vs 40.3, p=0.082), and a higher case mix index (2.3 vs. 2.0, p=0.008) at baseline. Average inpatient stay (44. 8 vs 39.9 days, p=0.36) and wound area at baseline (22.0 vs 13.1 cm2, p=0.18) were higher, but not statistically different, in the treatment group. Treatment group wounds significantly decreased in area (61.0% vs 34.6%, p=0.01) compared to comparison group wounds. The odds of a decrease in wound size were higher in the treatment versus comparison group (OR = 24.1, p<0.01). Conclusions Patients receiving specialized ONS had more wounds and higher acuity level than those in the comparison group but had a significant reduction in wound size. There are several limitations in this retrospective study, including baseline functional and wound size differences. However, these findings support the benefits of specialized ONS in improving wound healing for patients with pre-existing wounds. Author(s) Disclosures KW Kerr, S Sulo and JL Nelson are Abbott employees and stockholders. Study financially supported by Abbott. Assess utilization and impact of a specialized oral nutrition supplement (ONS) containing arginine, glutamine, and hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) on wound healing. Retrospective analysis comparing treatment group (51 patients, 161 wounds) receiving standard care plus a specialized ONS for ≥14 days and comparison group (136 patients, 263 wounds) receiving standard care. Between group differences evaluated using t-tests and mixed models with inverse probability weighting. Inpatient rehabilitation hospital. 187 adult patients admitted between 1/2018-12/2019 with ≥1 measured wound and ≥2 wound care nurse assessments. Specialized oral nutrition supplement administered for 14 days. Wound healing was measured in weekly intervals by decrease in wound surface area (superficial) or volume (non-superficial) in past 1 week. While no age differences were reported between groups (50.9 vs 51.0 years, p=1.0), the treatment group had a higher percentage of male patients (90.2% vs 69.9%, p<0.01). Treatment group patients had more wounds (3.3 vs 2.0, p<0.01), lower functional independence measure scores (35.7 vs 40.3, p=0.082), and a higher case mix index (2.3 vs. 2.0, p=0.008) at baseline. Average inpatient stay (44. 8 vs 39.9 days, p=0.36) and wound area at baseline (22.0 vs 13.1 cm2, p=0.18) were higher, but not statistically different, in the treatment group. Treatment group wounds significantly decreased in area (61.0% vs 34.6%, p=0.01) compared to comparison group wounds. The odds of a decrease in wound size were higher in the treatment versus comparison group (OR = 24.1, p<0.01). Patients receiving specialized ONS had more wounds and higher acuity level than those in the comparison group but had a significant reduction in wound size. There are several limitations in this retrospective study, including baseline functional and wound size differences. However, these findings support the benefits of specialized ONS in improving wound healing for patients with pre-existing wounds.

Identification of Biomarkers for Preeclampsia Based on Metabolomics.

BackgroundPreeclampsia (PE) is a significant cause of maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. However, the pathogenesis of PE is unclear and reliable early diagnostic methods are still lacking. The purpose of this review is to summarize potential metabolic biomarkers and pathways of PE, which might facilitate risk prediction and clinical diagnosis, and obtain a better understanding of specific metabolic mechanisms of PE.MethodsThis review included human metabolomics studies related to PE in the PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases from January 2000 to November 2021. The reported metabolic biomarkers were systematically examined and compared. Pathway analysis was conducted through the online software MetaboAnalyst 5.0.ResultsForty-one human studies were included in this systematic review. Several metabolites, such as creatinine, glycine, L-isoleucine, and glucose and biomarkers with consistent trends (decanoylcarnitine, 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid, and octenoylcarnitine), were frequently reported. In addition, eight amino acid metabolism-related, three carbohydrate metabolism-related, one translation-related and one lipid metabolism-related pathways were identified. These biomarkers and pathways, closely related to renal dysfunction, insulin resistance, lipid metabolism disorder, activated inflammation, and impaired nitric oxide production, were very likely to contribute to the progression of PE.ConclusionThis study summarized several metabolites and metabolic pathways, which may be associated with PE. These high-frequency differential metabolites are promising to be biomarkers of PE for early diagnosis, and the prominent metabolic pathway may provide new insights for the understanding of the pathogenesis of PE.

Effect of in-ovo feeding of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, dextrin and first access to feed on humoral and cellular immune responses of broilers

Effect of in-ovo feeding of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate, dextrin and first access to feed on humoral and cellular immune responses of broilers

The Effect and Application of Beta-Hydroxy-Beta-Methyl Butyrate (HMB) Supplementation in Exercise Science

PURPOSE: The effect of hydroxymethylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation on leucine is a major area of interest in exercise science. The present review aimed to investigate the various effects of HMB supplementation and provide guidelines for its practical use.METHODS: This review collected and analyzed previous studies on HMB supplementation from online databases including PubMed, Web of Science, and Wiley Online Library.RESULTS: Although studies suggest different results, this review found that HMB supplementation before or after exercise could have positive effects on body composition (muscle mass), exercise performance (strength and power, endurance), and recovery after muscle damage (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase). In particular, HMB supplementation had a significant effect on resistance exercise, and in general, a daily dose of 3 g is recommended. However, the effects of combined HMB and creatine supplementation remain unclear.CONCLUSIONS: HMB can be a useful and effective supplement for athletes with various purposes and for ordinary people who regularly exercise. Further research should investigate several limitations of HMB supplementation, as suggested in previous studies.

The effect of supplementation of HMB (beta-hydroxy betamethyl butyrate) and plyometric exercises on performance and body composition of elite parkour athletes in Tehran

The effect of supplementation of HMB (beta-hydroxy betamethyl butyrate) and plyometric exercises on performance and body composition of elite parkour athletes in Tehran

The Effect of beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB)/Glutamine/Arginine Support on Quality of Life and Toxicity in Patients Undergoing Pelvic Radiotherapy

Aim:In this clinical study, Beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB)\\Arginine\\Glutamine enriched mixture administered during pelvic radiotherapy; The effects on the patients' quality of life, treatment-related side effects and nutritional status were investigated. Materials and Methods:Forty Nine patients who underwent pelvic radiotherapy were divided into 2 groups according to age, gender, operation status, tumor type and concomitant chemotherapy status. While HMB\\Arginine\\Glutamine was administered to 25 patients, no nutritional support was given to 24 patients.Two groups of patients were followed up weekly and compared in terms of quality of life, toxicity, nutritional status, anthropometric measurements, biochemical parameters and moods. Results: A statistically significant improvement was found in the anxiety and depression scales in the group in which this mixture was used. Although there was improvement in weight change, treatment side effects, fatigue, risk of malnutrition, skeletal muscle mass, prealbumin and albumin, this difference was not statistically significant. There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of quality of life. Conclusion: In our knowledge, there is no clinical data in the literature examining the effects of HMB\\Arginine\\Glutamine on quality of life, toxicity and nutritional status in patients receiving pelvic radiotherapy. Usage of this mixture may improve toxicity, fatigue, anxiety and depression, skeletal muscle mass, prealbumin and albumin values during pelvic radiotherapy.

Analysis of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-hydroxybutyric acid in plasma samples by LC-MS/MS

Analysis of 3-hydroxyisovaleric acid and 3-hydroxybutyric acid in plasma samples by LC-MS/MS

β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (hmb) supplementation reduced whole body protein breakdown in the early recovery phase of sepsis in the pig

Rationale: Optimal feeding in patients recovering from sepsis is critical to preserve muscle mass. β-Hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) supplementation potentially attenuates whole body protein breakdown (WbPB) in healthy subjects, but it is unclear whether HMB reduces WbPB during the recovery phase of sepsis. Therefore, we studied WbPB and untargeted amino acid productions (WBP) during a HMB intervention in the early recovery phase of sepsis in the pig.

In-vivo production of branched-chain amino acids, branched-chain keto acids, and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid.

The branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), branched-chain keto acids (BCKA), and β-hydroxy β-methylbutyric acid (HMB) have regained interest as food ingredients in health and disease. To support nutritional strategies, it is critical to gain insight into the whole body and transorgan kinetics of these components. We, therefore, reviewed the most recent literature in this field on in vivo analysis of BCAA, BCKA, and HMB kinetics in health and disease. With a new comprehensive metabolic flux analysis BCAA, BCKA, and HMB whole body production, interconversion and disposal rates can be measured simultaneously. Recent studies have provided us with a better understanding of whole-body and transorgan kinetics under postabsorptive, postprandial, hibernating, and lactating conditions. In human pathophysiological conditions like COPD, obesity, and diabetes, the added value of BCAA kinetic measurements over the commonly used concentration measurements only, is discussed. This article highlights the importance of implementing BCAA, BCKA, and HMB kinetic studies to further advance the field by gaining more mechanistic insights and providing direction to the development of new targeted (nutritional) strategies.