Territory Of Azerbaijan Research Articles

Geopolitics of separatism

Geopolitics of separatism

Восстановление внешнего облика мужчины из шемахинского могильника периода раннего средневековья

Introduction. Until now, no work has been carried out to reconstruct the external appearance of the ancient population of Transcaucasia. In order to fill this gap, this study of the skull of a man from an early medieval catacomb burial in the Shamakhi region of Azerbaijan was undertaken. Craniometric and odontometric measurements determined the sex, racial type, age at death, revealed pathologies of the dentition and various traumatic injuries. The purpose of the work was to obtain primary information about the appearance of people who lived in the first centuries of our era on the territory of Azerbaijan and thereby attract scientific attention to this problem. Materials and methods. The skull, found in 1949 by the expedition of R.M. Kasimova with the participation of G.F. Debets, underwent an anthropological study according to classical programs to determine age, gender and race. Lifetime appearance restoration in the form of a graphic portrait in isometric projection was carried out according to the method of M.M. Gerasimov and E.V. Veselovskaya using Adobe Photoshop CC 2020 graphics editor. Results. A table of individual measurements of the skull is presented, lifetime dimensions of the head are calculated, and a verbal description of the appearance is given. In racial terms, the subject can be attributed to the Caspian subtype of the Indo-Mediterranean race, the most characteristic modern representatives of which are Azerbaijanis, which also illustrates the reconstructed graphic appearance. Discussion. The metric data of the skull were compared with similar characteristics of the closest male samples, which included a total of over 1300 skulls from the Caucasus, Central Asia, and Southwestern Europe. Based on the results of applying the corresponding discriminant analysis equations, it was found that the studied skull in the racial format belongs to the Caspian anthropological type. Conclusion. As a result of the reconstruction of the appearance of the skull of a man from the early medieval burial ground in the Shamakhi region of Azerbaijan, paleoanthropological material unique for the Transcaucasian region was obtained for the first time. Previous archaeogenetic studies confirmed its belonging to the local population of Transcaucasia.

Effectiveness of Applying Fertilizers Under Watermelon on the Meadow-Grey Soils in Mugan-Salyan Zone

The meadow-gray soils are one of the most widespread species in Azerbaijan territory, mainly in the Kur-Araz lowland, in Nakhchivan plain regions, in the Samur-Davachi valley. The meadow-gray soils irrigated in the Mugan-Salyan zone are most commonly used in the agricultural lands of the region. Agrochemical characterization of soils plays an important role in defining a number of its features, including fertility, degree of provision of certain nutrients, determination of soil condition reaction, timing, norms, methods and proportions of fertilizers under separate plantings. In this context, the soil under watermelons has been researched, and the agrochemical properties of meadow-gray soils have been studied. Apart from the nutritional properties of plants, it has a great impact on the efficient use of fertilizers in the soil. Soil is the main source of plant nutrients. Different soils contain different amounts of nutrients. The soil contains more nutrients than it needs to produce high yields. Fertilized soil with less moisture increases the yield of agricultural crops. This is explained by the fact that only some of the nutrients in the soil are used by plants. Many of them remain unused. The nutrients contained in the soil go into the form used by plants from time to time as a result of the biological and chemical processes involved. In this regard, it is necessary to determine the amount of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other elements found in the soil and which plants can easily use to ensure proper nutrition. The main reason why plants do not meet their nutrients is the use of fertilizers. Given the biology of watermelon, soil-climatic conditions and agrotechnical methods in Azerbaijan, the optimal dose and timing of fertilizers can be enhanced and improved.

Русская речь в духовной жизни мусульманского общества Южного Кавказа: историко-социологический анализ

Purpose and objectives of the study. The article is devoted to the history of the spread of Russian speech in the nearby spaces of the Russian cultural and linguistic area, in particular in the South Caucasus, as well as its educational and communicative role in the creation of a universal information system and lexical base, in enriching the speech culture of peoples who speak non-Slavic languages. Research methods. As a research method, a monographic approach was chosen based on the analysis of historical materials on the settlement of Russian speakers in the South Caucasus. Factual materials are systematized and classified by social spheres; the main factors that influenced the nature and content of the language policy and practice of using the Russian language in the region are identified. Research results. Russian speech is considered as a means of unifying the verbal potential of different peoples of the South Caucasus, even in some way as a specific, local "lingua franca" in interethnic communication within the linguistic pluralism of the population of the South Caucasus. The extraordinary educational mission of Russian speech and its place in the transformation of European scientific, cultural and general educational values to the peoples of the South Caucasus in the 19th–20th centuries are the main motives of the article. The fact of modification of the language resources of the Russian language in the conditions of multilingualism of the peoples of the South Caucasus is noted. Morphological, syntactic and semantic changes in the vocabulary of the Russian language in the region under the influence of everyday language practice are revealed. The features of the mutual influence of Russian and local languages, the main factors and consequences of this influence are revealed. Another key point is the modern role and significance of Russian speech in the everyday, socio-economic and scientific-cultural life of the national states of the South Caucasus, in particular the Republic of Azerbaijan. Thus, the Russian language has acquired a certain political and cultural significance for the people of Azerbaijan, and the cultural and historical foundations that have been formed over a fairly long period of time provide an opportunity for the further, consistent development of former linguistic ties. An opportunity was obtained to establish ties with the Russian linguistic area, to develop spiritual relations. On the territory of Azerbaijan there were significant settlements of Russian settlers, with whom local residents established broad economic and cultural ties. Their dialects were very diverse. They influenced the vocabulary of the Russian language. The historical events that have taken place have determined the importance of Russian culture as a factor in interethnic interaction in the South Caucasus. It was the Russian language that became a means of interethnic communication, within the framework of which the development of education took place, and in general enlightenment. Thus, the Muslim population of the South Caucasus was involved in Russian political and cultural processes. There was a kind of linguo-ethno-cultural dialogue in a multi-ethnic environment. Thus, in the period under study, through the Russian language, the process of introducing the Muslim population of the South Caucasus to the global cultural processes took place

Formation and Development of Ethnic-Toponyms in the Territory of Azerbaijan

The ethnic toponymy of Azerbaijan has unique features. The thousands of years of the ethnic and political history of the nation are also reflected in ethnic toponymy to a greater or lesser extent. They contain essential information about the complex ethnic composition of Azerbaijani territory. Systematic study of ethnic toponymy contributes to gaining extensive knowledge of Turkic peoples' ancient culture and socio-political environment. Descriptive-nomological studies provide a clear scientific idea of the historical formation of the people, including the tribes that inhabited the territory.

Characteristics of mycobiota in some cultivated plants by species composition and frequency of occurence in the conditions of Azerbaijan

The mycobiota of various plants used for food and fodder purposes in Azerbaijan was studied in the presented paper. It was shown that 127 species of fungi participate in formation of the mycobiota from 19 species of the studied plants, 115 species of which belong to fungi (mycota) and 12 species belong to mushroom-like organisms (chromistan fungi). 38 species of reported mushrooms can spread throughout the territory of Azerbaijan, and their frequency of occurrence ranges from 3.4 to 54.3%. Among the fungi characterizing by distribution on a certain plant, as well as by various indicators of the frequency of occurrence, there are species (Botrytis cinerea, Erysiphe communis, Fuzarium oxysporum F.moniliforme, F.solani, Uromyces pisi, Vertisillium dahlias and others) that cause dangerous diseases in cultivated plants. The results obtained during the research are important from the point of view of taking preventive measures to limit the activity of phytopathogenic fungi in the future.

Petrosimonieta brachiatae and Suaedeta confusae formations distributed in the territory of Azerbaijan

Petrosimonieta brachiatae and Suaedeta confusae formations distributed in the territory of Azerbaijan

Історичні дослідження в Інституті Дендрології НАН Азербайджану

Aims. The purpose of research work carried out at the Institute of Dendrology is the introduction and acclimatization of plants in the conditions of Absheron, the study of bioecological features, taxonomic plants, diagnosis of pests and diseases, dendrochronology, plant reproduction, selection of promising species for landscaping, creation of landscape compositions, publication of books, articles on decorative gardening. Methods. During the research work, various accepted methods by foreign and local scientists were used. Results For many decades, the Institute of Dendrology has collected unique, rich collections of plants from various families, genera, species, forms, and cultivars of ornamental trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants that are used in modern landscape architecture of Absheron. Conclusions. As a result of many years of research work, it was revealed that local and introduced various countries ornamental trees, shrubs, and herbaceous plants on the territory of the Arboretum are promising and can be widely used to create landscape design compositions on the territory of Azerbaijan.

Outline Of The History Of The Statehood Of Artsakh And The Century Of The Karabakh Movement

The problem of Nagorno-Karabakh is topical not only from the scientific point of view, but most of all because of the need for practical recommendations on the fate of Artsakh and the indigenous Armenian population inhabiting it for thousands of years. The claim of Azerbaijan that Artsakh is an internationally recognized territory of Azerbaijan has no legal, historical-geographical and ethno-cultural basis, since it seceded from the Azerbaijani SSR according to the law of the USSR “On the procedure for resolving issues related to the secession of a union republic from the USSR” dated 04/03/1990.

CHARACTERİSTİCS OF STRUCTURAL-TECTONİC DEVELOPMENT OF KUROVDAG-BABAZANAN-NEFTCHALA UPLİFTS IN PONT-QUATERNARY PERİOD

The Lower Kura depression is one of the largest oil and gas producers and one of the most promising regions in terms of oil and gas in the onshore territory of Azerbaijan. Rich oil and gas deposits have been found here in the Pliocene sediments and they are being developed. Industrially important oil and gas accumulations mainly related with the upper sandy I-VIII horizons of the Productive series. In addition, significant oil and gas flows were obtained from wells in separate areas of the region, for example, Qarabagli, Kursanga, Pirsahat, Kurovdag, Neftchala, Babazanan, from wells from the lower XVII-XX horizons of the PS. It should be noted that structural-tectonic, lithofacies, paleotectonic, geochemical, hydrogeological, etc. to investigate the factors and, as a result, determine the zones of oil production and oil and gas accumulation are important issues. Prospective anticlinal structures have been identified as a result of geological-geophysical research conducted in recent years in the Lower Kura depression. For this reason, lithostratigraphic, lithological and paleogeographic studies of the PS were conducted based on new factual materials in the region. Paleoprofiles of the Kurovdag, Babazanan, and Neftchala uplifts were compiled based on the deep well materials. The features of structural-tectonic development of the Kurovdag-Babazanan-Neftchala uplifts in the Pontian-Quaternary period were investigated. As is known, the paleoanalysis of any area based on paleoconstructions is one of the deepest structural-tectonic analyzes in the study of its geological structure and oil-gas prospects. From this point of view, we have studied the features of structural-tectonic development in the Pontian-Quaternary period stratigraphic interval by establishing a series of paleoprofiles based on transverse profiles along the Kurovdag, Babazanan and Neftchala uplifts. Keywords: oil and gas bearing, paleoprofiles, structural-tectonic development, structure, depression, anticlinal zones, uplifts, sedimentation rate, geodynamic activity, oil-gas accumulation zones.

STONE INDUSTRY OF LEILATEPE CULTURE

One of the characteristic features of Leilatepe archaeological culture of the Chalcolithic period (end of the 5th millennium BC - first half of the 4th millennium BC) is a unique stone product. This culture was studied mainly on the basis of monuments in the territory of Azerbaijan. Extensive excavations were carried out in Leilatepe, Beyuk Kesik I, Poylu II, Galayeri settlements belonging to the Leilatepe culture and numerous stone tools were discovered. Similar tools were also discovered as a result of the limited excavations carried out in residential areas – Agili Dere, Selakhan, etc. belonging to this culture. The bearers of this culture led a sedentary life and were mainly engaged in agriculture and cattle breeding. The discovered stone tools and their purpose of use gives us reason to come to such a conclusion. Thus, during the excavations a large number of quern stones, graters, sickle teeth, etc., typical for early farming, made of different types of stones, were found. The explorations showed the superiority of flint tools over obsidian products in all other monuments belonging to the Leilatepe culture, except for the Galayeri settlement. Along with these, other tools and products made of stone – a detail of a potter’s wheel, maces, scepters, balance weights, etc. was found from the mentioned Leilatepe culture monuments. The stone industry of the Leilatepe culture is closely related to the traditions of Eastern Anatolia and Northern Mesopotamia. At the same time, close analogies of some specific stone samples of Leilatepe culture were found in Maikop culture monuments.

About reflection deep fault as a result of geophysical (2D seismic and high precision gravimetric) study (on the example of the West Caspian deep fault)

Since the beginning of the last century, geological and geophysical studies have been carried out in large volumes on the territory of Azerbaijan in order to study the oil and gas content, study the sources of earthquakes and other geological issues and compile sections, maps, reports, etc. In recent years, work has been carried out to clarify and re-evaluate the studies carried out with the use of new equipment. From this point of view, the issue on the agenda was the extent to which the identified deep faults in the oil and gas regions of Azerbaijan are accurate. In this article, the results of new geophysical (2D seismic and high-precision gravimetric) data obtained in the area passing through the West Caspian deep fault were considered, and it was found that the fracture did not find its reflection. Keywords: deep fault; geosynclines; gravimetric exploration; seismic exploration; gravity; sediments; anomalies; gradient.

Thermal waters of Khachmaz-Khudat hydrogeodynamic region

The territory of Azerbaijan is favorable by hydrogeothermic conditions and is divided into several regions. Khachmaz-Khudat is the most perspective among these regions for alternative and renewable energy sources. Thermal waters with 86 оС temperature on the Earth surface are the source of high energy. The consumption of these waters obtained from Upper Cretaceous complex reaches up to 6000 m3/day, the mineralization of the water, which have generally chloride-natrium composition is not so high (64 g/l). According to the temporary and permanent parameters of condition, the use of the water from the well No 116 in Khudat region is possible for heating of surrounding settlements. Moreover, thermal waters obtained from the well No 112 have high temperature. These waters with 82 оС temparture at the wellhead, can fully meet the demand of surrounding canning plant. By the hydrogeothermic conditions thermo-mineral waters taken from the wells No 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12 and 113 on the onshore profile of Khachmaz-Khudat region are considered favorable. These waters the temperature of which exceeds 50 оС in Nabran region are efficient to use in medical-resort complexes.

History and Prospects of Using Punica granatum L.

Pomegranate has been used since antiquity in culture, traditions, cooking, crafts, arts and crafts, myths, fairy tales and other areas of creativity. Pomegranate is associated with long-term fertility, abundance and is considered a carrier of energy. In the past, in the legends of Azerbaijan, the pomegranate was considered a symbol of love and passion, and religious people saw it as a symbol of eternity. In medicine, the leaves, fruits, bark and roots of the pomegranate were used. Their therapeutic effect is due to the presence of alkaloids in these parts of the plant. Phenolic compounds provide a high level of antioxidant activity in the human body. Particular attention is paid to the pomegranate populations in the territory of Azerbaijan.

ALBANIAN HISTORICAL AND ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS ILLEGALLY RESTORED AND FALSIFIED DURING THE OCCUPATION OF NAGORNO-KARABAKH

The material and cultural monuments of Nagorno-Karabakh, which were condemned to destruction by the Armenians, are our irreplaceable national wealth as a stone memory of our history. These monuments are not only material and cultural, but also “archive” pages of our spiritual history. The destruction of historical monuments of Nagorno-Karabakh was faced with the threat of erasing the fossilized memory of our history of culture and morality. The article states that the Azerbaijani state not only carries out the restoration of churches and other historical and architectural monuments in the territory of Azerbaijan but also takes an active part in the restoration and conservation of historical monuments included to many World Cultural Heritage outside the country. The peoples of different faiths and their temples living in its territory of Azerbaijan as a tolerant country are evident with undeniable facts. The “Armenian church” can be seen in the center of Baku city, in which the state of Azerbaijan shows the care it shows to other religious monuments. As Azerbaijan is a multi-ethnic and tolerant country, just as aborigines respect the religious monuments, places of faith and cultural values of minority peoples, the same feeling of respect for the national-cultural values of the aborigines, that is, Azerbaijanis, should also be promoted. Thus, as the sense of respect for one's culture among peoples and nations increases, it will also increase the respect and esteem of one's another.

KAFKASLAR’DA ALMAN İZLERİ: AZERBAYCAN ALMANLARI

In the 18th century, Germany also participated in the competition between the European States that started colonization activities and did not want to lag behind other states on the way to complete their union. Germany, which has existed as independent statelets since the 1800s, wanted to have a say in Africa, the Middle East and the Caucasus geographies after establishing its union in 1871. Although the immigration policy of the German colonists started to work after this date, it is seen that the colonization activities in the Caucasus geography took place in previous dates and in a different way. The turning point regarding the German migrations to Russia is the Russian Tsarina II. It is in the time of Catherine. Tsarina II, who is of German origin. After Katherina came to the throne of Russia (1762), she wanted settlers from Germany to migrate to Russia. Its purpose is the agricultural development of the Russian lands. II. Upon Katherina’s call, the Germans began to migrate to Russia and the Caucasus. The first German immigration to Azerbaijan took place in 1818. The Germans first established the villages called “Helenendorf” (Göygöl) and “Annenfeld” (Şamkir) in the territory of Azerbaijan. Later on, 6 more villages were established, namely Grünfeld (Vurguna), Traubenfeld (Tovuz), Jelisawetinka (Agstafa), Georgsfeld (Çınarlı), Alexejewka (Gasamba) and Eigenfeld (Irmaşlı). Thus, 8 villages were built in Azerbaijan by the Germans. It is known that the German population living in these villages and also present in Baku contributes to the economy of Azerbaijan and the development of the country in terms of architecture. From the dates they migrated II. Until the World War II, they had no trouble living and reflecting their own culture in Azerbaijan, but at the same time, they managed to convey their experiences with great skill. II. The fact that Germany was at war with Russia during World War II created a trust problem against the German population in Russia and the majority of the German population was immigrated to Siberia and Kazakhstan by Stalin. In this study, the living conditions and livelihoods of the German settlers in Azerbaijan will be mentioned, and their contributions to the region in architecture and other economic fields will be examined. Keywords: Azerbaijan, German Traces in the Caucasus, German colonies, Helenendorf, Annenfeld.

Микроэлементы - источник повышения продуктивности овец

Several biogeochemical provinces with deficiency or excess of copper and cobalt have been established on the territory of Azerbaijan. The use of microelements in the feeding of farm animals, especially sheep, is one of the little-studied issues in Azerbaijan. In particular, the influence of copper and cobalt on some physiological functions and economic indicators in sheep has not been studied at all.

Determination of Seismogenic Zones for Analysis of Seismotectonic Activity of Deep Faults: Seismic Hazard Assessment for the Territory of Azerbaijan

Determination of Seismogenic Zones for Analysis of Seismotectonic Activity of Deep Faults: Seismic Hazard Assessment for the Territory of Azerbaijan

Azerbaycan Karabağ Hanlığı: Ağabeyim Ağa'nın Sosyo-politik Faaliyeti

In modern times, Azerbaijani women are loyal protectors of the family and the hearth. The example of courageous, zealous, intelligent and cultural Azerbaijani woman represents its people. Turkic women have played a role in political and economic relations, ruling of the state. The topic is historically relevant on the basis of research of Karabakh khanate, which left a deep mark on the history of Azerbaijan in the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the activities of the ruler Ibrahimkhalil khan (1726-1806) and the lfe of his daughter Aghabeyim agha, who got married to Fath-Ali Shah Gadjar and lived in his palace. 
 In the middle of the 18th century, the Azerbaijani emperor Nadir Shah Afshar, the founder of the Afshar Empire, was assassinated, and independent khanates were established in the territory of Azerbaijan (north-south). As a result of the intervention of Russia, these khanates clashed with each other, and some of them were influenced by that intervention. 
 The study examines interesting facts on how Ibrahimkhalil Khan ruled Karabakh independently ending palace conflicts, on his activities being kind and fair ruler. In particular, when talking about the khan's daughter Aghabeyim agha, it is noteworthy that her predecessors were mentioned. Thus, following the historical chronological sequence, starting from the epos "Kitabi - Dada Gorgud", a written monument of Azerbaijan, women such as Sara Khatun, Tuti Bika and others played an important role in socio-political activities. 
 Aghabeyim agha also had a strategic role in softening the tense relations between the Karabakh khanate and the Gajar state. Her clever, political demeanor distinguished her from some envious court ladies. The story of Kharibulbul, a symbol of Shusha and Karabakh, is one of the most effective and time-honored features of the article. The researches and the published literature about Aghabeyim agha were referred to. In addition to the socio-political activities of Aghabeyim agha, the study examines the national women's clothing of Karabakh in the image of her clothes. The variegataion and diversity of national clothes reflect the historical and cultural life of the period.

IMPACT OF THE CLIMATE ON THE THERMAL AND ENERGY INDICATORS OF THE BUILDING

The increase of the anthropogenic pressure in the second half of the 20th century have led to the exacerbation of many environmental problems. Today, the scale of environmental risk covers the territory of the large regions. In this regard, the territory of Azerbaijan is no exception. The difficult natural conditions - the presence of strong winds, high air temperature and solar radiation, the frequent dust storms further complicate the ecological situation. This article provides an analysis of the impact of the main climatic indicators on the heat and energy consumption by the buildings.