Azerbaijan State Research Articles

The Conflict of Active Regional and International Powers over Nagorny Karabakh Region

The current study is descriptive; it focuses on studying the contemporary geopolitical problem, and sectarian differences in Caucasus. Nagorno-Karabakh is considered an important disputed region nowadays. Many parties and states participated in this dispute, especially after the conflict had developed into an open war between Armenia and Azerbaijan. Thus, the study aims to examine the causes of the conflict in this region, analyze the international positions on this conflict, and find if Armenia was able to occupy this region. The methodology adopted by the researchers is the functional approach, and the theory of power analysis that Cohen created for analyzing all strengths that drove each of the parties to compete with one another other over the vital area. Among the most important findings of the research are: the multiplicity of causes of conflict in this region; one of which is the passage of one of the most important energy pipelines, Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan line, and the different positions and roles of the actors in this conflict, where some of which support the state of Azerbaijan, and others support the state of Armenia according to what serves their interests. Armenia was able to occupy Karabakh region, and other areas surrounding it that constitute a fifth of the area of ​​Azerbaijan through the war between them since 1989. The study concluded that the conflict is sectarian, ethnic and historical. Armenia considers Karabakh a starting point to achieve the ambition of the united states of Armenia.

SƏSLİ MƏDƏNİ İRSİMİZ

All archives have always served the same purpose. The archives preserve the most beautiful examples of cultural heritage. Efforts have been made to transmit historical documents, transcripts, rock inscriptions, manuscripts, manuscripts to future generations, protecting the collections of certain items. One of such archives is the Azerbaijan State Archive of Sound Recordings. Along with other historical monuments, audio and video recordings need to be protected as valuable archival documents. Because they are considered to be one of the spiritual treasures of the people. Key words: archive, video, sound, cultural heritage, shaft, gramophone, background, document

Flexible and Contextual Cloud Applications in Mobile Learning

<p class="0abstract">The aim of the article is to study the modern mobile learning system, to understand its advantages and disadvantages, and to determine the relationship between the concepts of digital learning. The goal of the study is to conduct an experiment on the implementation of a flexible mobile application for studying the "macroeconomics" by students of economic specialties and to compare the results obtained with the selected control group. A total of 20 sophomores (10 each from two universities: Sechenov University, Department of Economics and Management; and Azerbaijan State Economic University, Department of Economic Theory) were offered to study the course in macroeconomics using a mobile application during the semester (from September to December 2019). Students were selected from two universities for the scientific objectivity and from the second year of the bachelor's degree, since "macroeconomics" is studied in the early courses, regardless of the further, specific economic direction of the student. Students did not attend lectures and practical classes with a teacher; all training was performed with the help of an application. A control group of the same specialty and year (also 20 people) was selected to confirm or contradict the effectiveness of such a mobile application. The control group students studied "macroeconomics" in the traditional way, namely attending lectures and practical classes with a teacher, during this semester. As a result of the experiment, the study group students liked training with the application. Meanwhile, 70% of the students would not like to have such training for all disciplines, permanently. But students supported studying using a special mobile app as a supplement to the main format of teaching. During the final examination, held by the traditional method (a written exam - answers to 4 open questions and 10 multiple choice questions), the following results were obtained. Students, who were using m-learning, on average, got higher results by 0.2 points, according to the overall assessment, a 5-grade scale, and separately according to the test results more by 2 correct answers than students with the traditional education. Thus, this can be explained since students using mobile app practiced material in a form of game or case, which helped them to immerse themselves more in the problem and to assimilate the material. The results were compared with the research of other scientists.</p>

Tri popytki sefevidskogo gosudarstva sozdat' antiosmanskij soyuz v nachale XVI v. (na osnove frankoyazychnoj istoriografii)

The article is devoted to the relationship of the Azerbaijan state of the Safavids with the Western European states at the beginning of the 16th century on the basis of French historiography, with the aim of creating an anti-Ottoman union. The goal of the Western European states was to keep these two powerful states of the Middle Ages in a state of war and conflict - the Ottoman Empire and the Safavid state. In turn, the Safavids tried to get firearms from the West and enlist the support of the leading Western European states. Each of the parties simultaneously pursued its trade and economic interests and goals.

The dynamics of Live Weight of Pheasant Chicks (Phasianus colchicus colchicus) Breeding Artificially

The research was implemented in 2018 at the Institute of Zoology of ANAS. The experimental part of study was carried out in Institute’s vivarium, but the analysis of results was performed in Protozoology laboratory and at the Department for Biology and its teaching methods of Azerbaijan State University. The studies were conducted on pheasants (Phasianus colchicus colchicus) incubated in the vivarium of the Institute. The birds were weighed individually, separately, one by one on an electronic scale (Adventurer Pro) with an accuracy of 0.1 mg, in the first two months of postembryogenesis (1, 3, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 34, 38, 42, 50 and 60 days) before feeding in the morning. It was determined that recorded jumps of the pheasants of all ages manifests itself in the form of peaks in the dynamics of relative weight gain and relative growth rate during the development and growth of both male and female individuals. The highest peak in the dynamics for relative weight gain (RWG) and relative growth rate (RGR) of pheasant chicks is observed in 10-day birds (64.24% and 94.65%, respectively), although there is decrement in both indicators of male and female pheasants, it was noted that these indicators rise in some days. In the index of RWG and RGR of 12-60 day pheasants, the first high increase is observed in 16-day birds (♂ 32.26% and 38.46%; ♀ 31.14% and 36.89%), the second highest increase in 22-day birds (♂ 35.07% and 42.52%; ♀ 36.21% and 44.12%), the third highest increase in 42-day birds (♂ 63.10% and 62.19%; ♀ 51.17% and 68.76%). The decrements in the index of both RWG and RGRs is compensated in the days when the next peaks observed. The differences among all weight indicators of male and female pheasants, as well as RWG and RGR are significant and the index of male pheasants is higher than female pheasants.

МУСУЛЬМАНСКАЯ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОСТЬ В АЗЕРБАЙДЖАНЕ (IX-XIII ВВ.)

This paper is dedicated to the history of Muslim statehood in Azerbaijan in IX-XIII century. The first truly strong was the Sajid dynasty, originating from the Sogdian aristocracy. Its representatives exalted themselves as ghouls in the service of the Abbasids. Having become rulers in Azerbaijan, the Sajids tried to pursue an independent and aggressive policy towards Armenia, which did not always provoke a positive reaction from the caliph. Only at the end of the Sajid rule did their interests again coincide with those of Baghdad. The Muzafarids were another Iranian dynasty, this time the Delemite. Its representatives came from Dalem during its expansion to the northwest. They took upon themselves the blows from Russia, the Ravadids and the Seljuks. The rabadids were a dynasty of Arab origin, which soon became Kurdish. Onomasticon of the dynasty in the 10th - 11th centuries generally Iranian. The era of the greatest power of the Rawwadids was the time of the reign of Mamlan I, who pursued an aggressive policy towards Christian neighbors and the threat from which the Armenians and Georgians neutralized by the conclusion of a defensive alliance. XI century was the time of the gradual fading of the Rawwadids. The Shaddadids were of Kurdish dynasty descent and ruled in Arran. Slow growth of their power was observed in the 10th century, when they began expansion in the possession of the Muzafarids. This dynasty is characterized by close ties with the Armenians. Emirs Fadl and Abu l-Asvar carried out an attack on the Armenian territories, which the Armenians could recapture only by cooperating with the Georgians. To destroy the emirate of the Shaddadids were not able and the Romaios in the middle of the XI century. Only the Seljuks in Arran were able to eliminate the power of the Shaddadids in 1093, and they survived in Shirak until 1199. Shirvan was a state inhabited by Iranian-speaking and Caucasian populations. The Mazyadid dynasty was originally Arab in origin. Shirvan maintained close ties with the state of Lizan. In the tenth century, the Shirvanshahs extended power besides Shirvan to Derbent and Arran. In the second quarter of the XI century. Mazyadids were replaced by the Qesranid dynasty, the onomasticon of which is already Iranian. This dynasty, unlike the Sheddadids in Arran and the Rawwadids in Azerbaijan, retained power in Shirvan under the Seljuks. The Caesranids, like the Mazyadids, continued to claim power over Derbent in the XII century. Shirvan became an object of expansion from Georgia. Shirvans could only resist it with the help of the Seljuks. However, this did not exclude dynastic marriages with Georgian Bagrationi. The most prominent Qesranid was the Shirvanshah Akhsitan, who, with the help of the Georgians, repelled the invasion of the Derbent Khazars and personally repelled the invasion of the Dagestan highlanders. In alliance with Queen Tamar, the Shirvanshah opposed the Atabeks of Azerbaijan. XIII century was the time of the decline of Shirvan, when he became the object of invasion of the Mongols, Kipchaks and Khorezmians. From 1070 Azerbaijan became the possession of the Seljukids, and from 1093 Arran became such. For several decades, Azerbaijan and Arran were the property of the younger Seljukids and were part of the Iraqi Seljuk Sultanate. The design of the state of the Atabeks of Azerbaijan can be dated to the middle of the XII century. Under its first rulers, Shams ad-Din Ildengiz and Jahan-Phelevane, the influence of the Ildengizids extended from the Caspian Sea to the Persian Gulf and from Erzurum to Khorasan. The Ildengizids were those who restrained the expansion of Georgian Bagrationi against Muslim countries and were actually omnipotent workers of the Sultans under the weak Seljukids. Qizil-Arslan has already ceased to look around at the Seljukids completely and has titled itself with a magnificent title. The end of the XII century. - beginning of the XIII century were the time of the decline of the Atabeks of Azerbaijan due to the strife between the Ildengizids and the victories of the Georgians. 20-30-ies of XIII century were the time of the fall of the Atabek state of Azerbaijan. Key words: Shirvan, Azerbaijan, Arran, Sajids, Mosaferids, Shaddadids, Rawwadids, Ildengizids, Seljukids

Vegetable growing in Azerbaijan in modern conditions

Relevance. Vegetable growing is a traditional sector of agriculture in Azerbaijan. The republic has all the conditions for its development, both natural and socio-economic. Materials and methods. The aim of the research was to analyze the current state of vegetable growing in the republic, to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the industry, to determine the terms of support for producers from the state and branch science. Results. The gross harvest of vegetables has been steadily growing in the last decades, and by 2019 amounted to 1715 thousand tons. The yield of vegetables also increased during this period from 14, 7 to 21.9 t / ha. In door production area is approximately 4800 ha. The production of greenhouse vegetables is focused on the Russian market. The bottleneck in the industry is vegetable seed production, a market with a capacity of almost 20 million euros is occupied by foreign companies. At the same time, the agricultural producers get state support in the form of subsidies and soft loans and a full tax exemption. Industry science is also developing: the Research Institute of Vegetable Production has been reconstructed and fully equipped, special training organized for vegetable growers in the Azerbaijan State Agrarian University. Further development of the industry continues through the intensification and biologization of production, expanding the range and improving product quality.

Changes in the Spectrogram of the Hippocampus Under the Influence of Amygdala-Hypothalamic Connections

Rafiga Mazahir Baghirova* Author Affiliations Azerbaijan State Academy of Physical Education and Sport, Azerbaijan Republic Received: August 14, 2020 | Published: August 26, 2020 Corresponding author: Rafiga Mazahir Baghirova, Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, Azerbaijan State Academy of Physical Education and Sports, Baku, Azerbaijan Republic DOI: 10.26717/BJSTR.2020.29.004855

Earthquake manifestation activity in the border territories of the south of the European part of Russia

Aim . Assessment of earthquake activity in the border areas of the south of the European part of Russia (excepting Crimea) over the past decade. Material and Methods . The main materials used are literary sources, as well as data from regional divisions of the Russian Ministry of Emergencies and the southern regional centre of the Federal State Budgetary Institution, Hydrospetsgeology, published in the open press. Results . The general picture of the distribution of earthquakes that occurred in 2009 ‐ 2018 in the south of the European part of Russia (excepting Crimea) is given. In the territory of this region and in the 30 ‐ kilometre adjacent border zone of the neighboring states of Azerbaijan and Georgia (including Abkhazia and South Ossetia) 1768 earthquakes with an energy class of KR =2.5 ‐ 14.2 occurred annually on average. A significant variation in the number of earthquakes in the region (from 1146 to 2214) was revealed. The largest number of seismic events was observed in 2009 and 2017 and the lowest in 2010. The greatest activity of earthquake manifestations was observed in Russian territory (62.1%), a significant share of seismic events (38.9%) occurring in the 30 ‐ kilometre adjacent border zone of the neighboring territories of the states of Azerbaijan and Georgia (including Abkhazia and South Ossetia). The largest number of earthquakes was observed in the eastern part of the North Caucasus (Dagestan, Chechnya and Ingushetia). Conclusion . The analysis conducted made it possible to assess the seismic hazard and activity of earthquakes from 2009 to 2018 in the territories of the border regions of the Russian Federation within the south of the European part of Russia (excepting Crimea).

Foreign Terrorist Fighters from the South Caucasus

Russian Federation remains concerned about the foreign terrorist fighter issue, especially about the cases of South Caucasian states of Georgia and Azerbaijan — countries of the post-soviet space. Georgian and Azerbaijani nationals joined Syrian jihadist armed groups and struggled in Syria and in Ukraine on both sides of the conflicts. The article identifies similarities and differences between foreign fighters of Georgia and Azerbaijan. The goal of the article is to identify reasons associated with the involvement of Georgian and Azerbaijani citizens in Syrian and Ukrainian conflicts. The article concludes that Georgian and Azerbaijani radicalized nationals are vulnerable to IS propaganda in part due to their own religious cleavages and societal grievances at home which the authorities prove incapable of mitigating. Under the influence of Chechen refugees it was Salafism that spread in Georgia. The role of pre-existing networks of terrorists on the territories of Georgia and Azerbaijan is also important. Alienation is a central theme, portraying the position of Muslims in Georgia. Besides, Muslims of both countries consider that their values and identity are at risk. The author makes the effort to highlight factors that distinguish the waves of terrorist-fighters going to the zones of conflicts from each other and addresses the problem of returnees.

UNIVERSITY DEVELOPMENT STRATEGIES: COMMERCIALIZATION AND RESPONSES TO NEW CHALLENGES

Education like others spheres of life of modern society is in the state of dynamic changes. New formats of universities as well as their missions and roles in the social and economic development are actively discussed by professional environment. A number of external and internal factors that determine the depth and scale of transformation have effects on the development of the system of higher education. The system of higher education is under the influence of the system and institutional dynamics, which dictate the need for changes. The activity of universities as centers of education, science and culture is one of the most important bases of social progress. This role becomes especially important in XXI century, which is based on new knowledge and principles of technological development. First of all a university takes new features in the current conditions of globalization. The fundamental task that needs to be solved in order to achieve the goals of a modern University is the change of meanings, goals and content of education by active participation in the internationalization processes of the system of higher education and by introducing reforms in educational process. Of course new economic conditions (global market and information technologies) require modifications. It was stated that the commercialization of University innovations in Azerbaijan is a relatively new direction, since the country is just adopts the path of an innovative economy. In this regard the transformation of a scientific idea to a product or a service faces a number of difficulties. It was investigated the problem of commercialization of the results of scientific activities of higher educational institutions in Azerbaijan. For the first time Azerbaijan State University of Economics has implemented its rebranding in the educational system of the country in order to strengthen the market position of the educational institution and realization of innovative marketing strategies. The University’s strategic goals were defined under the UNEC brand, and the brand development was successfully continued with the support of the scientific and expert community. An integrative educational environment is created in Azerbaijan State University of Economics and such environment ensures the unity of the “education – science – innovation – commercialization – production system”. It is important to note that UNEC strategy also provides for clustering of economical education and so that it provides for increasing the integration pace of the University into the world scientific and educational space. The article presents the innovative infrastructure of Azerbaijan State University of Economics connected with its integration into the global scientific and educational environment. The paper studies the matters of the international cooperation issues of the University with universities of such countries as USA, EU, Russia, Turkey, which expands the academic potential of the University and increases its competitiveness. The article substantiates the conclusion that the globalization of higher education increases the importance of commercialization of higher education institutions in the field of education and science. The article reveals the successful experience of UNEC University in the creation and implementation of joint educational programs, expanding academic mobility, attracting foreign applicants, conducting joint researches and international scientific events in partnership with universities in the EU, Russia and Turkey.

Экологическое просвещение и анализ педагогического опыта

Currently, in the context of the global environmental crisis, human life is accompanied by great difficulties. Their elimination requires, first of all, the improvement of environmental knowledge, which will help to further overcome the environmental crisis. The studies show that at present the work on environmental education in the universities of Azerbaijan is not satisfactory. The tendency to reduce academic hours makes it impossible to include additional environmental subjects in the curriculum. However, this does not mean that environmental awareness should be neglected. Universities have a sufficient base for environmental work, especially in the natural sciences departments. In this regard, environmental awareness has been brought to the forefront in the training of students on specialties „Biology”, „Geography”, „Physics” and „Chemistry” of Baku State University and Azerbaijan State Pedagogical University. As a result of the experiment, the effectiveness of the proposed method of environmental education of students in the teaching of natural sciences was proved, it was found that as a result of this training, significant changes will occur in the students’ attitude to nature.

The history of the creation of the Azerbaijan State Museum (Azgosmusey)

The history of museums in Azerbaijan is only a hundred years old, but the path traveled over the years has been very difficult. The development of museums was directly affected by the political course of the Soviet country. Museums were supposed to reflect the politics and ideology of the country, and everything that did not correspond to this was gathering dust in storage or even worse destroyed. The names of the owners of the collections were not mentioned in any public publication. Their names preserved only the basic documents of museums, acts and books of receipts, which were available to a very narrow circle of people. Often, collections mercilessly broken into small groups and transferred to various museums in the country. Namely, the property of many representatives of the national bourgeoisie enriched our museums. Nevertheless, in the first years of Soviet power, the museums created in Azerbaijan managed to assemble a rich collection, despite the obvious distortions in the reflection of historical truth. It was these works that formed the basis of the collections of modern National Museums, and, of course, the Azgosmuzey laid their foundation. It was the first museum to systematically and consistently assemble a collection. Azgosmuzey organized expeditions and conducted archaeological excavations. Excavations on the territory of Azerbaijan have always been carried out officially and unofficially, unfortunately, many discovered artifacts were exported outside of our country, but after the establishment of Soviet power, the situation in this area changed somewhat, and it should be noted for the better. On the initiative of the museum’s management, various exhibits were transferred to our museums from Moscow, and then from Leningrad, enriching the repositories of Western European and Russian art. Many materials cited in the article are not known to a wide circle of researchers.

The latest reforms and achievements of Azerbaijan State Academy of Physical Education and Sport in the development of Azerbaijan Sport

This article aims to explore the role and significance of the Azerbaijan State Academy of Physical Culture and Sports in the development and progress of the country's sport in recent years. In particular, it will demonstrate how recent changes at the academy have made a positive impact on sport education in Azerbaijan, as well as on the future potential of the academy's students. Major renovation work at the Academy, changes in the educational process, new programmes and collaboration with interna- tional experts have all played their part in boosting the academy' s development prospects. The organisation of consistent and continuous activities, process regulation, the emergence of new experts and educational systems are reflected by remarkable progress at the academy. This article also highlights the numerous achievements of academy students over the past few years, driven by the dedicated and self-esteem of the graduates, founded on the values of the academy. At the same time, the reorganisation and investment at the academy, and the planned outcomes that are now becoming reality, illustrate the government's commitment to making Azerbaijan a global sporting capital.

Francuzskie puteshestvenniki ob azerbajdzhanskom gosudarstve Sefevidov

Francuzskie puteshestvenniki ob azerbajdzhanskom gosudarstve Sefevidov

Energy Diplomacy In Azerbaijan’s Foreign Policy

In the 21st century, the relations between states are being shaped by factors deriving from the national interest and the national security agenda. Many countries have shifted their foreign policies towards an economization strategy, i.e. assigning a particular importance to the economic priorities and instruments in foreign policy, as in the case of the small state of Azerbaijan, bordered by large neighbors and influenced by yet larger powers. Before Azerbaijan’s independence, Regional powers such as Russia, Turkey and Iran were active and after the independence, the US and EU, added to the competition over the rich oil and natural gas resources of the Caspian region. All of these countries created an external pressure and influence in Azerbaijan, turning the Caucasus region into a new playing field of the Great Power Game. Thus, the geopolitical ambiguity combined with oil and gas resources and further with geographical imperatives will shape and pose challenge to the country’s foreign policy.

Analysis of Grade Point Average Determinants in Azerbaijan

This work analyses the possible determinants of Grade Point Average (GPA), trying to identify the relationship between GPA and the other determinants, namely, specialization, gender and entance score of students. The sample data was gathered from sophomore students of Azerbaijan State University of Economics (UNEC).

Weir signs MoU with Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University

Weir Oil & Gas has signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Azerbaijan State Oil and Industry University (ASOIU) to share industry expertise and deliver hands-on experience.

Новый подход к оценке клинического состояния больных с язвенным колитом и болезнью Крона

Aim: to create a system for monitoring the condition of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Subjects and methods: In the period from August 2015 to December 2018, 246 patients with IBD were examined at the clinical base of the Department of Therapy Azerbaijan State Advanced Training Institute for doctors named after A.ALIYEV, the Department of Invasive Diagnostics and Treatment of the National Center of Oncology, Memorial Klinika Medical Center. The content of homocysteine, highly sensitive C-reactive protein (h/s CRP), vitamin D and the level of platelets in the blood, albumin in the urine, and calprotectin in the feces were determined in all subjects. Patients were retested if necessary (426 in total) Results: In the general group of patients with IBD, of the 426 studies conducted in 369 (86.6%) cases, there was an increased content of homocysteine in the blood, in 405 (95.0%) - the level of h/s CRP, in 322 (75.5%) - thrombocytosis, in 411 (96.4%) - a decrease in the content of vitamin D, in 308 (72.3%) albumin was detected in the urine, and in 411 (96.4%) - an increased content of calprotectin was detected in the feces. When analyzing the identification of each of these indicators separately in the UC and CD groups, no difference was found (p > 0.05). A correlation was found between some indicators of endothelial dysfunction and the severity of the clinical course in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases. The proposed new approach to assessing the clinical status of patients with IBD, with the established diagnosis, does not resort to repeated costly studies and obtain real-time results that make it possible to assess the severity of the patient’s condition.

Turkey-Azerbaijan Economical and Political Relations

This study investigates mainly economic, political and social relations between Azerbaijan and Turkey. The study covers the economic improvements in the period between 1990-2005. In the study, data relating to the general economic development after the independence of the Republic of Azerbaijan after 1990 are examined. Azerbaijan was one of the Republics of the former Soviet Union. After 1990 following the collapse of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics, the State of Azerbaijan declared its independence. As a newly independent State, Azerbaijan had a great potential for economic relations with Turkey. Even today, this is still the case. From education to tourism, from construction sector to trade, there are Turkish companies all over Azerbaijan. Azerbaijan is a member state of The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) emerged after the collapse of the Soviet Union and led by the Russian Federation. This makes it easier for Turkey to reach the CIS market via Azerbaijan, and provides a port to Europe for Azerbaijan via Turkey.